April 2011
Dear IMSA Friends:
The Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy® (IMSA) strives “to ignite and nurture creative,
ethical, scientific minds that advance the human condition,” and the Student Inquiry and Research
(SIR) Program is just one way that we do that. Through SIR and its partnerships, IMSA students
engage in rich opportunities to pursue compelling questions of interest, conduct investigations,
communicate findings, and ultimately impact society. Inquiry Without Boundaries reflects our
students’ infinite possibilities to explore their unique passions, develop new interests, and collaborate
with experts around the globe. Their research experiences teach them about thinking and learning
and prepare them for careers that may well not yet exist.
Through the Student Inquiry and Research Program, IMSA provides a mechanism that engages
students in personalized learning to pursue solutions to problems and issues that challenge our global
community. Partnerships with distinguished professionals at colleges and universities, research
institutions, businesses, and museums allow our students to gain experience in real-world problem
solving, collaboration, and scholarship. The ability to work with professionals is life-changing for
our students. In many cases, our students have already contributed to IMSA’s mission and our goal
to have IMSA students improve our global world. Evidence of our students’ excellence, in all fields,
is found within this proceedings book of our twenty-third annual IMSAloquium. Many of our
students have already, in high school, published and presented at local, national, and international
venues. This is truly Inquiry Without Boundaries.
In just over two decades, IMSA has become one of the premier institutions of its kind in our state,
nation, and the world. As such, we have a responsibility to share our expertise with others. To
address the field of education’s growing demand for student research programs, IMSA hosted more
than one-hundred area teachers at the 2011 STEM Student Research Leadership Forum aimed at
supporting and fostering student research opportunities and an additional two-hundred at an inquirybased
professional development day. These are just some examples of how IMSA’s faculty and staff
share their talents and expertise with thousands of teachers and students each year.
The strength of our Student Inquiry and Research program lies with collaborative partnerships and we
are deeply appreciative of our students’ advisors and their institutions. We thank all the experts and
leaders who join us in boldly applying innovative ways to nurture learners’ talents and guide them as
they reach extraordinary levels of achievement. When working together as a collective community,
we have the vision, resources, and influence to shape education in ways that truly enable students to
“learn how to learn” so they can confront present and future challenges that impact our local and
global communities.
Sincerely,
Glenn W. “Max” McGee Judith A. Scheppler, Ph.D.
President Coordinator of Student Inquiry & Research
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Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
The World's Leading Teaching and Learning Laboratory for Imagination and Inquiry
Twenty-third Annual IMSAloquium
April 21, 2011
Table of Contents
Student Inquiry and Research ……………………….…………………………………………….…. 2
Student Recognition ………………………..…………………………………………………….. 3 - 7
Schedule of Activities ……………………………………………………………………................... 9
Poster Session ….......…………………………..……………………………………………..... 10 - 19
Poster Session Maps ………………………………………………………………….. 21 - 24
Time and Room Schedule for Presentations ………………………………………….…………25 - 37
Student Abstracts, organized by topic…………………………………..………….………….. 38 - 155
• A Biochemistry 38 - 41
• B Bioengineering 42 - 47
• C Biology 47 - 67
• D Business 68 - 69
• E Chemistry 69 - 71
• F Computer Science 71 - 75
• G Economics 75 - 78
• H Education 78 - 83
• I Engineering 84 -93
• J English 94 - 95
• K Environmental Science 95 - 98
• L Fine Arts 99
• M History 99 - 102
• N Law 102- 104
• O Mathematics 104 - 108
• P Medicine 109 - 123
• Q Neurobiology 124 - 135
• R Physics 136 – 145
• S Psychology 146 - 150
• T Social Science 151 - 154
• U Space Science 154 – 155
• V Theology 155
SIR 2009-10 Summary ……………………………………………………………………………..156 - 160
Index of Student Presenters Referenced to Time, Room, and Abstract Number …………………. 161 - 167
Inside Back Cover – IMSA Map with Room Locations Highlighted
IMSAloquium cover designer is Chris Reader, IMSA staff member.
The cover was inspired by Science (February 11, 2011).
IMSAloquium logo design by Stephanie Chang and Hon Lung Chu (IMSA Class of 2007).
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Student Inquiry and Research
The Student Inquiry and Research (SIR) program has been an integral part of student personalized learning
at IMSA since the 1989 academic year. Since its inception with seven students, SIR has grown into a
program that encompasses all disciplines and participation by 85% of the class of 2011. Our students’
accomplishments have flourished. They do not have to wait until they graduate from college to begin to
make significant contributions to science, mathematics, the humanities, and the world around them.
IMSA’s young apprentice investigators open our eyes to what is possible, and the World is paying
attention. Accomplishments by students participating in Student Inquiry and Research are numerous!
Authorship or Co-authorship in Publications (partial list)
• The Astrophysical Journal Letters
• Journal of Physical Chemistry
• Learning and Leading with Technology
• Nature
• NCSSSMST Journal
• The Science Teacher
“Student Inquiry and Research: Developing Students' Authentic Inquiry Skills” authored by Judith A.
Scheppler, Susan Styer, Donald Dosch, Joseph Traina, and Christopher Kolar, is among only eighteen
inquiry-based programs nation-wide to have a chapter in the National Science Teachers Association book
Inquiry: The Key to Exemplary Science (2009, NSTA Press).
“Student Inquiry at the Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy,” authored by Judith A. Scheppler,
Donald Dosch, Susan Styer, and Steve Rogg, is among only fifteen high school models in the nation to
have chapters in the National Science Teachers Association book, Exemplary Science in Grades 9-12
(2005, NSTA Press).
Portraits of Great American Scientists (2001, Prometheus Books) contains biographies of fifteen
American men and women motivated to excel in diverse fields of science. This book was the collaborative
student effort of fifteen participants in IMSA's Student Inquiry and Research Program.
Presentations (partial list)
• American Physical Society
• American Society of Cell Biology
• American Society of Microbiology
• Experimental Biology 2011
• Junior Academy of Science at AAAS
• Midwest Society of Pediatric Research
• NCSSSMST Student Research Symposium
• Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology Undergraduate Mathematics Conference
• Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology
Competitions (partial list)
• iBioGENEius
• Intel International Science and Engineering Fair
15 finalists since 2008
1 fourth place (individual) category award, 1 (team) third place category award
• Intel Science Talent Search
38 semi-finalists and 10 finalists since 1989
Finalists have placed first (1993), fifth (1998), third (1999), and second and sixth (2005)
• Junior Science and Humanities Symposium
• Neuroscience Research Prize
• Siemens Westinghouse (established 1998-99)
43 regional semi-finalists resulting in 6 regional finalists and 1 national semi-finalist
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2010-2011 Student Recognition
Please join us in the Academic Pit, at 12:30, for our Student Recognition Ceremony
Hosted By
Dr. Leon Lederman, Nobel Laureate and IMSA Resident Scholar
And
Dr. Glenn “Max” McGee, IMSA President
Ruchi Aggarwal: Characterizations of BACE1 Endocytosis
Advisors: Virginie Buggia-Prevot and Gopal Thinakaran; University of Chicago
Presented at the American Junior Academy of Sciences conference at the American Association
for the Advancement of Science annual conference, Feb.16-20, 2011 in Washington DC
Ruchi Aggarwal: The Effects of Cell Demographics on ADDL Binding and Toxicity
Advisors: William Klein, Gina Boylan, Anil Wadhwani and Pascale Lacor; Northwestern
University
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist1
Courtney Amegashie: Effect of High Nitric Oxide Microenvironments on Oral Cancer Cell
Migration
Advisor: James Radosevich; University of Illinois at Chicago
Presented at University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry Clinic and Research Day,
March 10, 2011 in Chicago, IL
Stephanie Cheng: Stellar Nursery: The Relationship between a Spiral
Galaxy's Bar and Its Star Formation
Advisors: Lucy Fortson, Geza Gyuk, and Mark Subbarao; Adler Planetarium
Presented at NCSSSMST Student Research Symposium, June 6-9, 2010 in Hoboken, NJ
Dane Christianson: Engineering a Water Filter for Developing Countries: Varying Lateral
Thickness to Optimize Flow Rates
Advisors: Mark Carlson and Sarah O’Leary-Driscoll; Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Presented at WaterCon 2011, March 22-23, 2011 in Springfield, IL
Henry Deng: Networks of Ultrasmall Pd/Cr Bilayer Nanowires - A New Type of High
Performance Hydrogen Sensor
Advisors: Zhili Xiao, Hsien-Hau Wang, and Michael Latimer; Argonne National Laboratory
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist1; IJAS Region V ASM Materials
Education Foundation Award; Intel International Science and Engineering Fair Finalist2
Victor Duan: A Novel Clustering Method via Nucleotide-Based Fourier Power Spectrum
Analysis
Advisor: Stephen Yau; University of Illinois at Chicago
70th Annual Intel Science Talent Search Semi-finalist; Chicago Region Junior Science and
Humanities Symposium Finalist and Second Place Winner3
Brinda Gupta: Effect of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridnium on Dopamine Neuron Loss in LPS Mouse
Model of Parkinson's Disease
Advisors: Paul Carvey, Bill Hendey, Toia Giuseppe, and Aditi Patel; Rush University Medical
Center
IJAS Region V Society for In Vitro Biology Award
4
Derek Hardin: On Potentially Planar Graphic Degree Sequences
Advisor: Noah Prince; Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Siemens Competition Regional Semi-Finalist; 70th Annual Intel Science Talent Search Semifinalist
Mohammed Hayat: Neutrino Oscillations and the NOvA Experiment
Advisors: Maury Goodman, Sarah Budd, and Michelangelo D'Agostino; Argonne National
Laboratory
Presented at NCSSSMST Student Research Symposium, June 6-9, 2010 in Hoboken, NJ
Dorcas Huang: The Effects of Sanitizers on the Survival of Stressed Salmonella enteritidis on
Shelled Eggs
Advisors: Wei Zhang and Jill Vogan; Illinois Institute of Technology
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist1
Eric Huang: Proteasome Inhibition of Lithocholic Acid Derivatives
Advisor: Chin Ho Chen; Duke University
Siemens Competition Regional Finalist; Presented at the American Junior Academy of Sciences
conference at the American Association for the Advancement of Science annual conference,
Feb.16-20, 2011 in Washington DC; Chicago Region Junior Science and Humanities Symposium
Finalist
Aditya Karan: Understanding the Formation of Torodial Spiral Particle
Advisor: Ying Liu; University of Illinois at Chicago
IJAS Region V National Society of Professional Engineers Award
Emil Khabiboulline: Modeling of Quench Protection Techniques in Superconducting Solenoid
Magnets
Advisors: Iouri Terechkine and MicahelTartaglia; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist1; IJAS Region V Yale Science and
Engineering Association, Inc Award; Intel International Science and Engineering Fair Finalist2
Vignessh Kumar: Characterization of HuR Overexpression in a Post-Ischemic Penumbra
Advisors: Agnieszka Ardelt and Randall Carpenter; University of Chicago
Chicago Region Junior Science and Humanities Symposium Finalist and First Place Winner3
Samuel Kwak: Development and Evaluation of a Prosthetic Ankle that Mechanically Adapts to
Sloped Surfaces
Advisors: Stefania Fatone and Eric Nickel; Northwestern University
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist1; IJAS Region V US Army Grand
Prize Winner
Kiwook Lee: Optimizing Nanometer-Scale Features
Advisors: David Czaplewski, Katherine Becker, Leonidas Ocala, and Joshi Imre; Argonne
National Laboratory
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist1; IJAS Region V US Navy Award;
Intel International Science and Engineering Fair Finalist2
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Justine Ly: Endothelial Cell ICAM-1-dependent Signaling Negatively Regulates MCP-1
Production
Advisor: Guoquan Liu; University of Illinois at Chicago
Co-author of abstract presented at Experimental Biology 2011 April 9-13, 2011, Washington
D.C. (Guoquan Liu, Katherine Shi, Justine Ly, Aaron T. Place, Farnaz Bakshi, Richard D.
Minshall)
Corinne Madsen: An Extension of the Erdös-Ginzburg-Ziv Theorem: Non-Zero Sums in Zn
Advisor: Noah Prince; Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Siemens Competition Regional Semi-Finalist; 70th Annual Intel Science Talent Search Semifinalist
Egle Malinauskaite: Mapping Verbal Memory Areas in Epileptic Patients through
Electrocorticographic Readings of Subdural Electrodes
Advisor: Vernon Leo Towle; University of Chicago
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist1; IJAS Region V US Army Award
Janani Mandayam Comar: Auditory and Pheromone Sensing in Trpml3 Knockout Mice
Advisor: Jaime Garcia-Anoveros; Northwestern University
Siemens Competition Regional Semi-Finalist; Chicago Region Junior Science and Humanities
Symposium Finalist; Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist1
Lydia Matthews: The Role of Pigment Epithelium Derived Factor (PEDF) in the Expression of
p21 and p27 in Pancreatic Cancer
Advisor: Paul Grippo; Northwestern University
Presented at the International Student Science Fair, September 13-17, 2010 in Adelaide,
Australia
Jacob Miller: Metal Alkoxide Functionalization in Metal-Organic Frameworks for Enhanced
Ambient-Temperature Hydrogen Storage
Advisor: Rachel Getman; Northwestern University
Published in The Journal of Physical Chemistry C (2011) Vol. 115 No.5, pp 2066–2075 (Rachel
B. Getman, Jacob H. Miller, Kenneth Wang, and Randall Q. Snurr)
Madhav Mohandas: Effect of Mechanical Forces and Cleavage Plane Orientation on Epithelial
Geometry and Topology
Advisor: Jie Liang; University of Illinois at Chicago
Chicago Region Junior Science and Humanities Symposium Finalist; IJAS Region V Intel
Excellence in Computer Science Award
Daniel Pak: Harmaline and Sodium Benzoate, Food Processing By-Product and Preservative,
Induced Mitochondrial Damages: A Possible Implication in Degerative Diseases
Advisor: Youngmi Kim Pak; Kyung-Hee University
Siemens Competition Regional Semi-Finalist; 70th Annual Intel Science Talent Search Semifinalist
Daniel Pak: Specific Cellular Uptake of Targeted Liposomes in Cancer Cells
Advisor: Seungpyo Hong; University of Illinois at Chicago
Presented at the American Junior Academy of Sciences conference at the American Association
for the Advancement of Science annual conference, Feb.16-20, 2011 in Washington DC
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Sai Parepally: Auditory and Pheromone Sensing in Trpml3 Knockout Mice
Advisor: Jaime Garcia-Anoveros; Northwestern University
Siemens Competition Regional Semi-Finalist; Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project
Exposition Finalist1
Areen Pitaktong: The Role of MAN2A2 Expression in Glioma Proliferation and Invasivity
Advisors: Roger Kroes, Mary Schmidt, and Joseph Moskal; Northwestern University
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist1
Peter Purnyn: Smartphone Applications
Advisors: Pat Patankar and Namrata Pandya; Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Presented at the International Student Science Fair, September 13-17, 2011 in Adelaide,
Australia
Nishith Reddy: CdS/ZnS Quantum Dot-Photoexcited Glucose Oxidase Biosensor for Ag+
Detection in Contaminated Aqueous Environments
Advisor: Karl Rockne; University of Illinois at Chicago
Chicago Region Junior Science and Humanities Symposium Finalist; Illinois Junior Academy of
Sciences Project Exposition Finalist1
Nicole Runkle: Paracingulate Gyrus Influences Cognition, Negative Symptoms, and Personality
in Schizophrenia
Advisors: Matthew Smith and Lei Wang; Northwestern University
Siemens Competition Regional Semi-Finalist; Presented at the Eighth Annual RITS Super Science
Fair, Nov 1-6, 2010 in Kyoto, Japan; 70th Annual Intel Science Talent Search Semi-finalist
Mehal Shah: Characterizations of BACE1 Endocytosis
Advisors: Virginie Buggia-Prevot and Gopal Thinakaran; University of Chicago
Presented at the American Junior Academy of Sciences conference at the American Association
for the Advancement of Science annual conference, Feb.16-20, 2011 in Washington DC
Mehal Shah: Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates
from Newborn Infants
Advisor: Bill Kabat; Children's Memorial Research Center
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist1
Katherine Shi: Endothelial Cell ICAM-1-dependent Signaling Negatively Regulates MCP-1
Production
Advisor: Guoquan Liu; University of Illinois at Chicago
Co-author of abstract presented at Experimental Biology 2011 April 9-13, 2011, Washington
D.C. (Guoquan Liu, Katherine Shi, Justine Ly, Aaron T. Place, Farnaz Bakshi, Richard D.
Minshall)
Mahi Singh: Effect of Dnmt3b Deficiency on DNA Methylation Status of Myc-induced
Mediastinal Lymphomas
Advisors: Lucy Godley, Janet LePore, and Aparna Vasanthakumar; University of Chicago
Presented at the International Student Science Fair, Sept 13-17, 2010 in Adelaide, Australia
Shruthi Subramanian: The Effects of Cell Demographics on ADDL Binding and Toxicity
Advisor: William Klein, Gina Boylan, Anil Wadhwani and Pascale Lacor; Northwestern
University
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist1
7
Michelle Suh: The Comparison of the Different Radiotherapy Neutron Sources in Various
Facilities for the Optimal Result in Neutron Therapy
Advisor: Thomas Kroc; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist1; IJAS Region V American
Nuclear Society Award; IJAS Region V US Navy Award
Divya Tankasala: Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clinical
Isolates from Newborn Infants
Advisor: Bill Kabat; Children's Memorial Research Center
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist1
Sumana Vardhan: Biology of Bone Development in Leukemia Patients
Advisor: Kimberley Dilley; Northwestern University
Presented at NCSSSMST Student Research Symposium, June 6-9, 2010 in Hoboken, NJ
Kenneth Wang: Metal Alkoxide Functionalization in Metal-Organic Frameworks for Enhanced
Ambient-Temperature Hydrogen Storage
Advisor: Rachel Getman; Northwestern University
Published in The Journal of Physical Chemistry C (2011) Vol. 115 No.5, pp 2066–2075 (Rachel
B. Getman, Jacob H. Miller, Kenneth Wang, and Randall Q. Snurr)
Paul Yuan: Mapping Verbal Memory Through Electrocorticographic Readings of Subdural
Electrodes
Advisor: Vernon L. Towle; University of Chicago
Siemens Competition Regional Semi-Finalist; Presented at the Eighth Annual RITS Super Science
Fair, Nov 1-6, 2010 in Kyoto, Japan; Chicago Region Junior Science and Humanities Symposium
Finalist
Johannes Zhou: Discovery of Novel Phytoconstituents for Anticancer from the Aerial Parts
of Cimicifuga fetida
Advisors: Hongjie Zhang and Norman R Farnsworth; University of Illinois at Chicago
Presented at the Eighth Annual RITS Super Science Fair, Nov. 1-6, 2010 in Kyoto, Japan
1) The Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences (IJAS) State Project Exposition is May 7, 2011 in
Champaign, Illinois
2) The Intel International Science and Engineering Fair is May 8-13, 2011 in Los Angeles,
California
3) The 49th National Junior Science and Humanities Symposium is April 27 – May 1, 2011 in San
Diego, California
8
9
ILLINOIS MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE ACADEMY
The World's Leading Teaching and Learning Laboratory for Imagination and Inquiry
IMSAloquium:
Student Investigation Showcase
April 21, 2011
Schedule of Sessions
7:45 – 8:35 a.m. Poster Session
8:45 - 9:00 a.m. IMSAloquium Session 1
9:10 - 9:25 a.m. IMSAloquium Session 2
9:35 - 9:50 a.m. IMSAloquium Session 3
10:00 - 10:15 a.m. IMSAloquium Session 4
10:25 - 10:40 a.m. IMSAloquium Session 5
10:50 - 11:05 a.m. IMSAloquium Session 6
11:15 - 11:30 a.m. IMSAloquium Session 7
11:30 - 12:30 p.m. Lunch
12:30 - 12:45 p.m. IMSAloquium Session 8
12:55 - 1:10 p.m. IMSAloquium Session 9
1:20 - 1:35 p.m. IMSAloquium Session 10
1:45 - 2:00 p.m. IMSAloquium Session 11
2:10 - 2:25 p.m. IMSAloquium Session 12
10
IMSAloquium Poster Session
Biochemistry Title Start
Time
Room
A01 Vidya Anjur The Effect of Heat Shock Protein 27 on Actin Cytoskeleton Remodulation 10:50 B-148
A02 Yan-Yang Feng The Effects of Detergent Concentration on KRAS-4B Aggregation after
Farnesylation
12:55 A-155
A03 Krishna Kudaravalli Cytoprotective Effects of Nitric Oxide 1:20 B-110
A04 Justin Lee Development of New Environment-Sensitive Fluorescent Probes 9:10 D-110
Sung Hwan Suh
A05 Madhav Mohandas Molecular Cloning of HA-Ubiquitin into pGEX-4T-1 Vector 8:45 A-133
A06 Sarah Salameh
Urmi Sheth
Effect of Syndecan-1 and Syndecan-2 on Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Cell-
Cell Fusion
2:10 B-148
A07 Samir Shah Observing the Genetic Response of H358 and 1703 Adenocarcinoma Cell
Lines to BMP-7 with qRT-PCR
9:35 D-103
A08 Stanley Yuan
Vivian Zhang
Optimization of Sensing Efficacy for Protein Detection 10:25 KidsInst
E-115
Bioengineering Title Start
Time
Room
B01 Lisa Akintilo
Megan Wu
Determining Heat Load of Infrared Laser Radiation through Direct and
Side-Firing Optical Fibers
9:35 A-131
B02 Ramya Babu Exploring the Effects of Adhesion and Programmed Cell Death on Tissue
Morphogenesis
9:35 A-133
B03 Yiyun Cao Design of Genetic Sequences Encoding a Matrix Metalloproteinase-2-
Degradable Synthetic Recombinant Protein
12:30 A-147
B04 Sharon Duval An Ideal Inbred Line of Maize Useful for Producing Transgenic Maize via
Micro Projectile-Mediated Gene Transfer Using Meristemic Tissue
10:50 A-155
B05 Eric Huang Genetic Testing Ontology Construction 2:10 A-135
B06 Nilesh Kavthekar Polystyrene Coating of Microfluidic Devices to Reduce Absorption 10:00 A-113
B07 Samuel Kwak Development and Evaluation of a Prosthetic Ankle that Mechanically
Adapts to Sloped Surfaces
2:10 A-147
B08 Madhav Mohandas Effect of Mechanical Forces and Cleavage Plane Orientation on Epithelial
Geometry and Topology
9:10 A-133
B09 Navdeep Singh Electric Potentials Along Proteins and Their Effects on Ion Movement 8:45 A-121
B10 Sydney Valero Surface Behaviors of HT-29 Colon Cancer Cells on P-/E-Selectin and
Anti-EpCAM
9:35 A-151
B11 Candice Yi Virtual Representation of the Human Central Nervous System 12:55 A-113
Biology Title Start
Time
Room
C01 Wendy Bindeman The Expression of Ecotropic Virus Integration Site-1 in Seven Cancer Cell
Lines
10:25 B-108
C02 Kamila Bond The Function of Sox5 in the Neural Crest 10:00 A-133
C03 Sonya Dave
Carol Gu
Comparing E-cadherin Expression in Cancer Cells with Different Degrees
of Invasiveness Using Immunofluorescence
9:10 B-110
C04 Xin (Danny) Ding The Effects of Hypoxia on Human Dermal Fibroblasts 10:00 B-110
11
Biology Title Start
Time
Room
C05 Sruthi Doniparthi The Effect of 2-Cyano-3,12-Dioxooleana-1,9(11)-Dien-28-Oic Acid
(CDDO) on Transforming Growth Factor-ß Induced Epithelial-
Mesenchymal Transition in A549 Lung Epithelial Cells
11:15 B-133
C06 Xiangyun (Johnny)
Duan
Effects of Modified Murine Runx2 Expression on Embryonic
Osteogenesis
10:25 A-155
C07 Christine Engbretson The Mediation of Tumor Necrosis Factor by the Tight Junction Protein
Occludin
11:15 A-155
C08 Lucija Filipac Expression of Recombinant Malarial Parasite Plasmodium falciparum
Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase in a Yeast-Based Screening System and
Photometric Assays
10:50 A-119
C09 Hana Fouladi The Effect of microRNA-200 on Prostate Cancer 1:20 A-155
James Rea
C10 Nicholas Fung The Effect of a High Fat Diet on Leukotriene B4 Levels in Pancreatic
Lesions in Genetically Altered Mice
11:15 B-116
C11 Mukesh Gande
Kyle Glasper
The Scientific Basis of Disease in Media: Werewolves, Vampires, and
Zombies
11:15 B-148
C12 Andrew Go Characterization of Genetic Pathways Leading to Therapy-Related Acute
Myeloid Leukemia with Abnormalities of Chromosome Five
1:45 A-155
C13 Webster Guan Pro-Inflammatory Regulatory T-cell Expression of a Foxp3 Splice Variant 1:20 B-108
C14 Eaton Guo DNA Sequencing Protocol 10:50 B-110
C15 Dorcas Huang The Effects of Sanitizers on the Survival of Stressed Salmonella
enteritidis on Shelled Eggs
1:45 D-103
C16 Brielle James A Comparison of Activity Budgets and Exhibit Usage of Western
Lowland Gorillas
12:55 KidsInst
E-115
C17 Lakshmi Katta
Rhyston Mays
Cell Starvation in Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells and the Initiation of
Apoptosis in Eukaryotes
10:50 B-108
C18 Yoo (Jenny) Kim
Jongmin Lee
Differential Effects of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors on the Acetylation
of Tubulin on Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Cultures
9:35 B-116
C19 Hannah Koo The Role of Dendritic Cells in the Development of Pro-Inflammatory TRegulatory
Cells in Colorectal Cancer
1:45 B-108
C20 Jacob Lahr
Amanda Sul
MMS21 Reduction in HCT116 Cancer Cells Results in Hypersensitivity
to Camptothecin
2:10 A-117
Connie Wang
C21 Nolan Maloney The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Regulation of MYCN in
Neuroblastoma
1:20 A-115
C22 Janani Mandayam
Comar
Auditory, Olfactory, and Pheromone Sensing in TRPML3 Deficient Mice 11:15 A-151
Sai Parepally
C23 Lydia Matthews Estrogen as an Initiator of Breast Cancer 9:35 A-117
C24 Thitipong
Mongkolrattanothai
The Effect of Ranolazine on T-Tubule Organization, Heart Disease, and
Excitation-Contraction Reactions
10:00 B-133
Mahendra Reddy
C25 Christine Mourafetis The Effect of Fructo-Oligosaccharide on the Growth of Bacillus
coagulans Under Conditions Similar to Those Found in the Digestive
Tract
9:35 B-110
C26 Cassie Parks Vimentin is Required for Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Metastasis 8:45 A-151
C27 Irina Pushel Role of Phosphoinositide 3'-Kinase C2β in Intersectin-Mediated Signaling
in Neuroblastoma
10:00 B-148
C28 Mahi Singh Examining the Functionality of DNA Methyltransferase Protein DNMT3B
in Myc-Driven Cancers in Mice
10:50 A-151
C29 Alexandra Smick Stretch-Induced Gene Regulation 9:10 A-151
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Biology Title Start
Time
Room
C30 Andrew Ta Effect of the Expression of Histamine Receptors on Mast Cells 1:20 A-121
C31 Aaditya Tolappa Investigating Inducible Resistance Observed in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Strains from Cystic Fibrosis Patients
1:45 A-133
C32 Risun Udawatta The Importance of Accelerated Cell Death 2 in the Mitochondria and
Chloroplasts of Arabidopsis
9:35 D-110
C33 Sumana Vardhan Role of TLR4 in Profibrotic TGF-ß Signal Transduction in Fibrosis 10:50 B-133
C34 Sonam Vyas Identifying the Isoforms of Adenylyl Cyclase in Alveolar Epithelial Cells
of Rattus norvegicus and Homo sapiens by Polymerase Chain Reaction
10:00 A-151
C35 Kelly Wallin Variations in Characteristics of Ginkgo biloba Leaf Litter and
Implications
2:10 A-121
C36 Xun Ming (Jenny)
Wang
The Effect of Smallpox Vaccine-Elicited CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg Cells
Expansion and Massive Accumulation in Infected Tissues and Treg Cell's
Role in Immune Homeostasis Against Tissues Destruction
10:50 D-110
C37 Jordan Williams The Effect of Silver Ion on Sewage Treatment Bacteria 8:45 B-110
C38 Diana Xu The Effects of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate on the Apoptosis of HT-29
Colorectal Cancer Cells
11:15 B-108
C39 Karthik Yarlagadda Comparative Morphology of Lepidotrichia in Pectoral Fins Among Basal
Actinopterygians
9:35 KidsInst
E-115
C40 Candice Yi Identifying Differences Between Normal and Cancerous Stem Cells 1:20 A-113
Business Title Start
Time
Room
D01 Naomi Liu
Si Si
The Correlation Between Start-Up Fund, Product Type, and Monetary
Success in Small Businesses
1:45 A-119
D02 Jay Patel How Power and Status Influence Reactions to Breaches of Trust 1:45 A-115
Vivek Thakkar
Nathan Yan
D03 Glen Richardson The Profitability of Private Equity 8:45 LectHall
B-206
Chemistry Title Start
Time
Room
E01 Matthew Kleinjan The Healthiest Drink: Determining Antioxidant Content of Beverages 1:20 KidsInst
E-115
E02 Mingyang (Jennifer)
Li
Density Functional Theory Study of the Influence of VOx Promotion on
the Mechanism of Alcohol Synthesis on Rhodium Catalysts
1:20 B-116
E03 Pan Luo Effects of Molecular and Macroscopic Surface Modification on Wetting 10:50 A-133
E04 Elizabeth Ott A Greener Catalyst for Biodiesel Synthesis 11:15 D-110
Computer Science Title Start
Time
Room
F01 Jason Chien Heuristic Analysis in Python Programming: Creating a Chess Engine 9:10 A-121
Konrad Wrobel
F02 Samuel Haile The Digital Detriment: Aspects of Computer Illiteracy 10:25 A-121
F03 Shantanu Jain Inquiry into the Applications of Computing, Web Access, and Mobile
Device Integration in the Automotive Environment
10:50 D-103
13
F04
Computer Science
Nilesh Kavthekar
Ted Li
Title
A Statistical Model for Analyzing Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride-Stained
Myocardial Infarcts
Start
Time
10:25
Room
A-113
Joseph Wang
F05 Derrick Miller Fooling the Hacker: A Study of Honeypots 11:15 D-103
F06 Angus Nelson A Look into How to Make the World More Efficient Through Databases 9:35 A-121
F07 Gregary Pergrossi
Zachary Pergrossi
Three-Dimensional Landscape Generation and Erosion Simulation with
Java
10:00 A-121
F08 Kevin Wang Designing Game Design 9:10 LectHall
B-206
Economics Title Start
Time
Room
G01 Paul Cladek Cost-Benefit Analysis and Evaluation of Leadership in Energy and
Environmental Design Certification
12:30 A-151
G02 Caitlyn Collett
Samuel Weitekamp
The Gulf Oil Spill and Its Effects on the Global Economy 9:35 LectHall
B-206
G03 Inga Gurevich Effects of the 9/11 Attacks on the Insurance Industry 8:45 A-155
G04 Joseph Hecker Growth of the Chinese Futures Markets 1:45 LectHall
B-206
G05 Zeno Jeong The Role of the Federal Reserve Bank During the 2007 Recession 9:10 D-107
G06 Harley Wang High-Tech Industries and the Quality of Life: An Investigation of Chinese
Cities
9:10 A-155
Education Title Start
Time
Room
H01 Sonia Bajaj Multisensory Versus One-Modality Instruction in Bilingual Education
with a Focus on Elementary-Aged Spanish Speakers
10:25 A-135
H02 Ayse Cetinkaya Transgender Policies in High Schools 1:20 A-147
H03 Wen Li Chen The Effect of Resident Physician Education on Patient Safety 12:55 D-103
H04 Grace Choi A Study Aimed at Enhancing Students' Understanding of Newton's Three
Laws
12:30 A-117
H05 Francis Cocjin Comparing the Learning Styles of Gifted Monolingual and Bilingual
Students
10:00 A-147
H06 Katia Colin
Chibuzo Obasi
The Importance of English as a Second Language Programs and the
Factors That Affect Their Success
10:50 LectHall
B-206
H07 Eleanor Cory
Allyson Milenkovic
Applying Teaching Models to a Science Curriculum for Elementary
School Students in IMSA's Kids Institute
2:10 A-115
H08 Dominic Gentile
Matthew Gietl
The Dropout Dilemma: Investigating Student Retention at the Illinois
Mathematics and Science Academy
10:00 B-108
H09 Carlos Gomez
Christopher Macias
Why are Hispanics Underrepresented in College? 10:00 AcadPit
A-138
H10 Victoria Lo Student Inquiry and Research at IMSA Chicago 12:55 A-115
H11 Alan Shramuk The Effects of Inquiry-Based Pedagogy on Third Grade Students and
Their Ability to Learn Higher Level Physics Concepts
10:25 LectHall
B-206
14
Engineering Title Start
Time
Room
I01 Yusuf Aktan
Matthew Tsao
Comparison of Dreiding and Universal Force Fields for Metal Organic
Framework Simulation
12:55 A-133
I02 Justin Booth
Brendan Mathias
The Design Process of a Roller Coaster 1:45 KidsInst
E-115
I03 Wen Min Chen The Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Ni2TiIn 10:50 A-149
I04 Dane Christianson
Jongmin Lee
Engineering a Water Filter for Developing Countries: Optimizing Flow Rate
with Respect to Bacterial Sterilization
9:10 B-116
I05 Logan Damiani Far Horizons Near Space Balloons: Creating a Cut-Down System 2:10 A-151
Nathan Geldner
I06 Henry Deng Networks of Ultrasmall Pd/Cr Bilayer Nanowires: A New Type of High
Performance Hydrogen Sensors
2:10 A-131
I07 Saarthak Gupta Alternative Auscultation: The Audible Human Project 2:10 A-155
I08 Kenneth Harvey
Austin Kramer
The Construction of a Model Helicopter with a Unique Set of Interlocking
Blades
12:55 LectHall
B-206
I09 Peter Howes A Design for a More Efficient Vertical Axis Wind Turbine 12:55 D-110
I10 Aditya Karan Understanding the Formation of Toroidal-Spiral Particle 1:45 A-147
I11 Samir Mishra
Shobhit Roy
Optimizing the Conditions of Atomic Layer Deposition of Hafnium Oxide,
HfO2
2:10 A-119
I12 Byron Mui Thermodynamic and Physical Properties of Ni2TiGa 1:20 A-149
I13 Jonathan Munoz Roller Coasters: Pushing Human Limits 2:10 D-103
Samuel Smith
I14 Benjamin
Richardson
Designing a Mixed-Use Facility on a Four Acre Plot of Land 2:10 D-110
I15 Madison Rogers Architecting a Chicago-Based Environmentally Friendly Triplex 2:10 KidsInst
E-115
I16 Yanchen Shi
Douglas Zhu
Exploring Field Programmable Gate Array Time to Digital Converters in
High Energy Physics
10:00 D-107
I17 Hyun Jin Song Changing a Cell's Fate: New Cures for Diseases and Illnesses 9:10 AcadPit
A-138
I18 Michael White How the Ratios of Plastic Acrylic Balls in a Plastic Ball Phantom Affect the
Consistency of the Phantom
1:45 B-148
I19 Joly Wu Nanoelectrode Arrays for Energy Storage and Ultrasensitive Sensing
Application
9:10 KidsInst
E-115
I20 Baihan Yang A Football Design to Enforce a Quick Release by a Quarterback 10:00 LectHall
B-206
English Title Start
Time
Room
J01 Monica Daniels A Continuous Change of the Aspirations of IMSA Students in Writing 9:10 D-103
J02 Kathleen Gundry Writing an Educational and Engaging Script for Third through Fifth Grade
Students
8:45 A-135
J03 Perry Nelson Beginning the Process of Writing a Fantasy Novel 8:45 D-103
15
Environmental Science Title Start
Time
Room
K01 Michael Atten
Rafael Gonzalez
International Collaborative Effort for the Creation of Renewable Energy
Applications and Methodologies: Efficient Wind Power Production
10:50 AcadPit
A-138
Cai O’Connell
K02 Mitchell Bieniek
Garrett Flack
International Collaborative Effort for the Creation of Renewable Energy
Applications and Methodologies: Miscanthus Butanol Conversion
11:15 AcadPit
A-138
K03 Benjamin Kuo Exploring the Synergy of Wastewater Remediation and Bioenergy
Production Through Nannochloropsis Cultivation
8:45 A-119
K04 Neel Patel Lighting of the Future: An Investigation of Light-Emitting Diode Efficiency 1:20 D-110
Seth Zelman
K05 Nishith Reddy CdS/ZnS Quantum Dot-Photoexcited Glucose Oxidase Biosensor for Silver
Ion Detection in Contaminated Aqueous Environments
9:35 A-115
K06 Vanya Yorgova Designing a Building for the IMSA Energy Center that Runs on Only Solar
and Wind Energy
1:45 D-110
Fine Arts Title Start
Time
Room
L01 Megan Czajka
Connor Tomasko
Using Film as a Medium to Create a Documentary About Academic
Integrity at IMSA
1:20 D-103
History Title Start
Time
Room
M01 Shelby Daniel-
Wayman
Emotion in Journalism: Changes in Reporting Disasters and How They
Affect Coverage
12:55 D-107
M02 Joscelyn Garcia Latin American Women in Revolution: Mexico and Nicaragua in the
Twentieth Century
9:35 A-135
M03 Miranda Herzog Paint the Town Red: How Marxism Influences Politics Today 8:45 A-147
M04 Melissa O'Brien Ethics in Legislation: The Search for the Basis of Ethics 8:45 D-107
Kimberly Sherwin
M05 Jeannine Schulz "O Jesus, Through the Immaculate Heart of Mary" Versus "What up, J.C.?":
Protestantism from Reformation to Modern Day
10:50 A-115
M06 Sarah Weitekamp Rural Electrification in the United States and Russia: Causes and Social
Consequences
8:45 B-148
Law Title Start
Time
Room
N01 Jennifer Crawford Politics of Globalization: Crises, Economic Human Rights, and Inequality 1:20 A-117
N02 Diliana Dimitrova A Western Legal Shift to Incorporate Indigenous Intellectual Knowledge 9:10 A-147
N03 Haley Ramirez Mass Incarceration and Its Effects in Society 1:45 A-117
N04 Vamika Venkatesan Mandatory Death Penalty in Africa 1:45 A-121
Mathematics Title Start
Time
Room
O01 Shiladitya
Bhattacharyya
Investigations in Open Symmetric Pentomino Problems 10:00 A-149
James Quigley
Oscar To
O02 Marcelo Diop-
Gonzalez
Questions in Computational Group Theory 8:45 B-116
16
Mathematics Title Start
Time
Room
O03 Derek Hardin On the Coloring of Graph Products 1:45 A-135
O04 Adam Kalinich Flipping the Winner of a Poset Game 1:20 LectHall
B-206
O05 Jisoo Kim Investigating Flat Foldability of Box Pleated Origami Models 9:35 A-149
O06 Corinne Madsen An Extension of the Erdös-Ginzburg-Ziv Theorem: Non-Zero Sums in Zn 1:45 A-149
O07 Matthew Rasmussen Reading Differences Between Printed Books and E-Readers 9:35 A-155
O08 Rose Sloan Stable Expansions of the Integers 10:25 D-107
O09 Michael Teng
Kevin Zhao
The Leader Mentality: The Importance of Scoring First in a Major League
Baseball Game
10:50 A-117
Medicine Title Start
Time
Room
P01 Courtney AmegashieThe Comparison of Motility in Parent Versus High Nitric Oxide Adapted
Cells
9:10 A-115
P02 Omotayo Balogun
Kari Tyler
A Comparison of Zantac and Prevacid in the Treatment of Gastroesophageal
Reflux in Premature Infants Diagnosed with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
10:25 B-116
P03 Madeline Booton Ampicillin Resistance in Escherichia coli: Adaptation or Mutation? 12:30 B-108
P04 Seth Butcher An Investigation of Periodontal Diseases 10:50 A-147
P05 Ajay Chatrath Evaluating Computerized Tomography Scans Ordered from the Emergency
Room for Suspected Pulmonary Embolism
10:25 A-149
P06 James Chen Type 2 Diabetes Risk Factors at IMSA 10:25 B-148
P07 Nitin Chilukuri
Ajay Pius
Genetic Influences on Cellular Debris Handling in Systemic Lupus
Erythematosus
9:35 B-148
Abhinav Reddy
P08 Samantha
Donermeyer
Chest Computerized Tomography Imaging Findings in Patients With
Localized Sarcoma
1:20 D-107
P09 Annie Guo Comparison of Sun Protection Behavior and Tanning Habits in Adolescents
Based on Age, Gender, and Skin Tone
9:10 A-113
P10 Annie Guo What are the Consequences of the Loss of PAX3 Function in Melanoma? 9:35 A-113
P11 Jacob Henry All About Influenza 10:25 B-110
P12 Ingrid Hsiung
Pranusha Pinna
The Role of SRC Family Kinases in SDF-1/CXCR4-Mediated Progenitor
Cell Homing
10:50 A-113
P13 Vijay Jayaram
Thomas Reith
Calculating the Detection Efficiency of Positron Emission Tomography
Systems
1:45 B-133
P14 Alex Kim The Effect of Egr2 on the Cell Markers Lag3, 41BB, and CRTAM in the
Anergic carEGR2 flox/flox TH1 T-cell Clone
12:55 B-110
P15 Jiwon Kim The Role of Two Selective K+ Channels (Kir and Kv) Expressed in
Macrophages in the Secretion of IL-1ß when Macrophages are Induced by
Anthrax Toxin
9:10 A-149
P16 Ifreke King Factors Influencing Successful Weaning from Caffeine in Premature Infants
Born before Thirty-four Weeks of Gestation Treated for Apnea
10:50 A-135
P17 Previn Kumar Defining a Minimal Peptide Within HSP70 Required for Immune Activation 1:45 B-110
P18 Samantha Levin Determining the Conditions Under Which Bioavailability of a Drug
Increases
1:20 A-119
P19 Sarah Lisk Mutations in the Insulin Gene as a Cause of Monogenic Diabetes 12:30 LectHall
B-206
P20 Justine Ly
Katherine Shi
Endothelial Cell Intercellular Molecule Regulation of Monocyte
Chemoattractant Protein-1
8:45 A-117
P21 Daniel Matthews Neonatal Diabetes due to Mutations in the KCNJ11 Gene 11:15 LectHall
B-206
17
Medicine Title Start
Time
Room
P22 Hannah Miller GD3 Synthase Vaccines as a Treatment for Melanoma 2:10 B-110
P23 Christina Momchev Investigation Into Risk Factors of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia 9:35 B-133
P24 Gina Qin The Effect of Therapeutic Hypothermia on Mitochondrial Akt
Phosphorylation and Pim-1 Expression in Murine Hemorrhagic Shock
12:55 B-148
P25 Nishith Reddy The Effect of Transgenic A20 on Inflammation of the Intestinal Epithelium 10:00 A-115
P26 Ashley Ro
Nikita Veera
Computerized Quantification of Pleural Effusion 10:00 KidsInst
E-115
P27 Yasmeni Sandridge Do Widened Pulse Pressures in Premature Infants Signify a Patent Ductus
Arteriosus?
12:55 A-121
P28 Mehal Shah
Divya Tankasala
Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clinical
Isolates in Infants Within the First Thirty Days of Life
2:10 A-133
P29 Kevin Shi Randomized, Prospective Comparison of Performance Using Standard
Laparoscopy, Single-Incision Laparoscopy, and a Novel Bimanual
Triangulating Platform
9:35 D-107
P30 Steven Suh The Influence of Body Mass Index on the Outcome of Patients with Acute
Myelocytic Leukemia Following Chemotherapy
8:45 D-110
Neurobiology Title Start
Time
Room
Q01 Ruchi Aggarwal
Shruthi
The Effects of Cell Demographics on Amyloid-Beta Derived Diffusible
Ligand Binding and Toxicity
8:45 A-115
Subramanian
Q02 Upashruti Agrawal Apolipoprotein E Effects on Synapse Volume in vivo 1:20 A-131
Q03 Christina Cheng Isolation of Cholinesterases from Plaques and Tangles in Alzheimer’s
Disease
10:00 A-135
Q04 Ashley Chong Using Hippocampal Morphometry to Detect Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology
in Primary Progressive Aphasia Patients
11:15 A-119
Q05 Sanggyu (Raymond)
Chong
Effects of Caffeine on Motor Excitability of Skeletal Muscles in the Hand
and Arm as Measured by Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
9:10 A-131
Tonu Pius
Q06 Julianne
Crawford
The Effects of Menstrual Cycle Phase on Memory in Naturally Cycling
Women
1:20 A-151
Q07 Justin Feng Using Resting State Functional Connectivity as a Biomarker to Access the
Treatment Effects in Chronic Stroke Patients
12:30 A-131
Q08 Brinda Gupta Effect of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridnium on Dopamine Neuron Loss in LPS
Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease
11:15 A-131
Q09 Janell Herrera
Jessica
Ventenilla
The Relationship Between Effect-Site Concentration of Propofol and Burst
Suppression of the Electroencephalogram in Patients Undergoing
Cerebrovascular Procedures
1:45 D-107
Q10 Irene Jiang The Effects of Late Life Depression on Executive Function in the Clock
Drawing Test
12:55 A-119
Q11 Harsha
Jujjavarapu
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure: A Study in the Change of Body Mass
Index in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Patients
10:25 A-131
Q12 Harsha
Jujjavarapu
Effect of Neurotoxin MPP+ on Additional Nigral Dopaminergic Neuron
Loss in the MPTP Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease
10:50 A-131
Q13 Timothy Klincewicz The Role of MAN2A2 Expression in Glioma Proliferation and Invasivity 11:15 A-121
Areen Pitaktong
Q14 Alekya Kothamasu
Alexandra Roman
Progression of Performance Obtained During a Revolutionary Balance
Exercise Regimen That Challenges Post-Stroke Survivors Beyond Their
Limits of Stability
8:45 A-149
Q15 Vignessh Kumar Characterization of HuR Overexpression in a Post-Ischemic Penumbra 10:50 B-116
18
Neurobiology Title Start
Time
Room
Q16 Xiaoyu Li Dopamine Regulation of Phosphorylation of Cone-Cone Gap Junctions in
Ground Squirrel Retina
1:45 B-116
Q17 Egle Malinauskaite
Paul Yuan
Mapping Verbal Memory Through Electrocorticographic Readings of
Subdural Electrodes
2:10 A-149
Q18 Pujan Patel Degradation and TRIP8b Maintenance of HCN1 and HCN2 Channels 1:45 A-113
Q19 Pujan Patel Identification of Clathrin and Adapter Protein Interacting TRIP8b Splices 2:10 A-113
Q20 Nicole Runkle Gender Differences of Neural Correlates Supporting Empathy in
Schizophrenia
11:15 A-149
Q21 Shannon Tai Mouse Models in the Genomic Age 1:20 B-148
Kelly Yom
Physics Title Start
Time
Room
R01 Alexander
Abbinante
Searching for a High Mass Standard Model Higgs Boson in 6.3 fb-1 of Data
at the D0 Detector
10:25 A-147
Wesley Bradley
R02 Natasha Arvanitis
Laura Napierkowski
Detecting Cosmic Muons: Calibrating an Efficient Straw Chamber 8:45 AcadPit
A-138
R03 Amber Betzold Modeling the Strong Gravitational Lensing System, Clone, Using Data from
the Hubble Space Telescope
10:25 A-119
R04 Stephanie Cheng The Accuracy of Galaxy Cluster Mass Estimates Based on Weak
Gravitational Lensing Techniques
1:45 A-131
R05 Mohammed Hayat Differentiating Neutrino Events 1:20 A-135
R06 Holly Hernandez Energy Calibration of Electron Antineutrino Using Boron-12 Beta Decays 11:15 A-135
R07 Shantanu Jain Transfer Line Design from the Recycler Ring to the P150 Line for the Mu2e-
Project at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
10:25 D-103
R08 Emil Khabiboulline Modeling Quench Propagation in a System of Interconnected
Superconducting Coils
1:45 AcadPit
A-138
R09 Benjamin Kuo Optimization of Event Selection for the Higgs Boson Sensitivity at the
Collider Detector at Fermilab
9:10 A-119
R10 John Lee Tracking the Construction and Performance of the NOvA Detector 12:30 B-116
R11 Kiwook Lee Optimizing Nanometer-Scale Features 2:10 AcadPit
A-138
R12 Peter Lu Dynamics of Two-Dimensional Granular Gases 2:10 B-116
R13 Erik Luo An Automated Algorithm for Closed Orbit Correction 8:45 B-133
R14 Tuopu Ma Determining the Optimal Silicon Photomultiplier Device to Measure High
Energy Particle Collisions
9:10 B-133
R15 Eric Ordonez Measuring Time Calibrations in Waveform Digitizing for Practical Positron
Emission Tomography Applications
1:20 B-133
R16 Deokgeun Park Calibration of Dark Energy Camera Charge-Coupled Device Images in the
Dark Energy Survey Filter System Using Astronomical Standard Stars
2:10 B-133
R17 Jorge Quero Operating Voltage of the Silicon Detectors in the Collider Detector at
Fermilab
11:15 A-133
R18 Amir Safavi Investigation of Radiation Cool-Down Curves and Development of Tools for
Their Analysis
8:45 KidsInst
E-115
R19 Michelle Suh The Comparison of the Different Radiotherapy Neutron Sources in Various
Facilities for the Optimal Result in Neutron Therapy
1:45 A-151
R20 Gary Wang Using GALFIT and Lenstool to Analyze Gravitational Lenses 10:00 A-119
19
Psychology Title Start
Time
Room
S01 Uchenna Agwuncha Correlation of Print Advertisements, Self-Concept, and Body Image in
Adolescent Girls
11:15 A-113
S02 Jennifer Bailey Examining Differences in Cognitive and Executive Functioning Scores in
Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorders, ADHD, and Co-Occurring
Autism and ADHD
9:35 AcadPit
A-138
S03 Kirthi Banothu
Brendan Wesp
An In-Depth Analysis in Decision Making Based Upon the Decision Making
Index Scale
1:20 A-133
S04 Jessica Grady
Michelle Jardine
Predicting the Mind of a Serial Murderer: The Success of Criminal Profiling
in the Case of the Green River Killer
1:20 AcadPit
A-138
S05 Carly Houdek
Elaina Zintl
Awareness of Being Stared at: Investigations into the Possibility of a Sixth
Sense
10:00 A-117
S06 Ethan Jacobs The Effect of Parental Input on the Language and Reading Development of
Children During Preschool
2:10 B-108
S07 Brittany Kwamin Features of Effective Support Programs for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis 11:15 A-117
Whitney Kwamin
S08 Paloma Ocola d-Amphetamine: Effects on Mood and Speech 2:10 D-107
S09 Patricia Walchessen How Stress Affects Sleep in Elderly People with Cardiovascular Risk
Factors
10:25 D-110
S10 Andrew Wentzel An Exploration into Artificial Intelligence, the Human Mind, and Systems 2:10 LectHall
B-206
Social Science Title Start
Time
Room
T01 Paul Angelillo Nationalism in Spain: Catalonia and the Basque Country 12:55 A-135
Ryan Jordan
Rhett Partida
Rafael Rodriguez
Samuel Simon
T02 Cevdet Dogan
Aditya Suresh
An Analysis of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and its Effect
on Physician Compensation and Health Insurance Companies
9:35 A-147
T03 Jonathan Henricks
Thomas Lightfoot
IMSA, Parents, Expectations: Illinois Massive Stress Academy... Stressing
Out Over Nothing
12:30 KidsInst
E-115
T04 Shawon Jackson
Satoe Sakuma
Cultivating the Gifted Minority Leader 10:25 AcadPit
A-138
T05 Rahul Maheshwari Sharing Needles: The Implementation of a Syringe Exchange Program in
Chicago
11:15 D-107
T06 Sarah Malik Assessing Math Performance of Multilingual IMSA Sophomores 10:25 A-117
Space Science Title Start
Time
Room
U01 David Dailey The Dinosaurs' Demise: An Investigation into the K-T Impact 8:45 A-131
Christopher Sartain
U02 Ian Nodurft Gravitational Interactions in Globular Clusters 12:55 B-133
Theology Title Start
Time
Room
V01 Kristopher
Fernandez
A Comparison of Islam and Christianity: Religion's Institutions 10:25 A-115
20
Poster Map
C135
C133
C142
C145 Stairs
A102
Horwitz
Conference
Room
C132
Offices
C143
C144
Research Conference Room
R04 R05
A R03
R02
P11 P12 P13 P14 P15 P16 P17 P18 P19 P20 P21 P22 P23 P24 P25 P26 P27 P28
P29 P30 Q01 Q02 Q03 Q04 Q05 Q06 Q07 Q08 Q09 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16
Hall between Administrative Offices and Student Life R01
C122A
C121A Offices
C125
C126
C127
Q21 A108
Q17 Q18 Q19 Q20
A107
Diagram not to Scale
* Medicine continued: P11-P30
* Neurobiology: Q01-Q21
* Physics: R01-R05
continued
CAC Office
D
Old Cafeteria/Commons
Diagram not to Scale
* History continued: M04-M06
* Law: N01-N04
* Mathematics: O01-O09
* Medicine: P01-P10
continued
Poster Map
Cafeteria
A01 A07 B05 B11 C06 C12
A02 A08 B06 C01 C07 C13
A03 B01 B07 C02 C08 C14
A04 B02 B08 C03 C09 C15
A05 B03 B09 C04 C10 C16
A06 B04 B10 C05 C11 C17
C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 C24 C25 C26 C27 C28 C29 C30 C31
C32 C33 C34 C35 C36 C37 C38 C39 C40 D01 D02 D03 E01 E02
E03 E04 F01 F02 F03 F04 F05 F06 F07 F08 G01 G02 G03 G04 G05 G06 H01 H02
H03 H04 H05 H06 H07 H08 H09 H10 H11 I01 I02 I03 I04 I05 I06 I07 I08 I09
I14 I15 I16 I17 I18 I19 I20 J01 J02 J03 K01 K02 K03 K04 K05 K06
Old Cafeteria/Commons
I10
I11
I12
I13
L01 M01
M02
Diagram Not to Scale M03
* Biochemistry: A01-A08 * Economics: G01-G06 * History: M01-M03
* Bioengineering: B01-B11 * Education: H01-H11 continued
* Biology: C01-C40 * Engineering: I01-I20
* Business: D01-D03 * English: J01-J03
* Chemistry: E01-E04 * Environmental Science: K01-K06
* Computer Science: F01-F08 * Fine Arts: L01
Poster Map
Math Study Area
A15
1
C166
A145
Copy Room
A147
Classrooms A149
Math Study Area
T03 S07 S01 R15
T02 S06 R20 R14
A148
Classrooms A150 U01 T01 S05 R19 R13
T06 S10 S04 R18 R12
Mail
Room
V01 T05 S09 S03 R17 R11 A137B
U02 T04 S08 S02 R16 R10
A138 A137
A144 A144B
Conference
A143
Classrooms A141
Mail
Room
Leon Ledeman
Office
Academic Pit
A138 Mail
Room
Stairs to the
President’s Office
C141
Offices
R06 R07 R08 R09
C144
STAIRS
A102
Horwitz Conference Room
A140 A150A G E C
A103 A105 F D B
Diagram not to Scale
* Physics continued: R06-R20
* Psychology: S01-S10
* Social Science: T01-T06
* Space Science: U01-U02
* Theology: V01
25
IMSAloquium Schedule
8:45AM – 9:00AM
Room Poster ID
A-115 Q01 The Effects of Cell Demographics on Amyloid-Beta Derived Diffusible Ligand
Binding and Toxicity
Ruchi Aggarwal, Shruthi Subramanian, Gina Boylan, William Klein
A-117 P20 Endothelial Cell Intercellular Molecule Regulation of Monocyte Chemoattractant
Protein-1
Justine Ly, Katherine Shi, Guoquan Liu
A-119 K03 Exploring the Synergy of Wastewater Remediation and Bioenergy Production
Through Nannochloropsis Cultivation
Benjamin Kuo, Timothy Strathmann, Derek Vardon
A-121 B09 Electric Potentials Along Proteins and Their Effects on Ion Movement
Navdeep Singh, Namrata Pandya, Phadmakar Patankar
A-131 U01 The Dinosaurs' Demise: An Investigation into the K-T Impact
David Dailey, Christopher Sartain, Mark Hammergren
A-133 A05 Molecular Cloning of HA-Ubiquitin into pGEX-4T-1 Vector
Madhav Mohandas, Richard Morimoto
A-135 J02 Writing an Educational and Engaging Script for Third through Fifth Grade
Students
Kathleen Gundry, Manuel Perez
A-147 M03 Paint the Town Red: How Marxism Influences Politics Today
Miranda Herzog, Christian Nokkentved
A-149 Q14 Progression of Performance Obtained During a Revolutionary Balance Exercise
Regimen That Challenges Post-Stroke Survivors Beyond Their Limits of Stability
Alekya Kothamasu, Alexandra Roman, David Brown, Nicole Korda
A-151 C26 Vimentin is Required for Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Metastasis
Cassie Parks, Martha Kidd, Karen Ridge
A-155 G03 Effects of the 9/11 Attacks on the Insurance Industry
Inga Gurevich, Krzysztof Ostaszeski, Richard Stalmack
AcadPit
A-138
R02 Detecting Cosmic Muons: Calibrating an Efficient Straw Chamber
Natasha Arvanitis, Laura Napierkowski, Brendan Casey, Mandy Rominski, Geoffrey
Savage
B-110 C37 The Effect of Silver Ion on Sewage Treatment Bacteria
Jordan Williams, Mark Carlson, Megan Schrementi
B-116 O02 Questions in Computational Group Theory
Marcelo Diop-Gonzalez, Micah Fogel
B-133 R13 An Automated Algorithm for Closed Orbit Correction
Erik Luo, Charles Thangaraj
B-148 M06 Rural Electrification in the United States and Russia: Causes and Social
Consequences
Sarah Weitekamp, Claiborne Skinner
D-103 J03 Beginning the Process of Writing a Fantasy Novel
Perry Nelson, Tracy Townsend
D-107 M04 Ethics in Legislation: The Search for the Basis of Ethics
Melissa O'Brien, Kimberly Sherwin, Lee Eysturlid
26
8:45AM – 9:00AM (continued)
D-110 P30 The Influence of Body Mass Index on the Outcome of Patients with Acute
Myelocytic Leukemia Following Chemotherapy
Steven Suh, Parameswaran Venugopal
KidsInst
E-115
R18 Investigation of Radiation Cool-Down Curves and Development of Tools for Their
Analysis
Amir Safavi, Bruce Brown
LectHall
B-206
D03 The Profitability of Private Equity
Glen Richardson, Darrell Williams
9:10 AM - 9:25 AM
Room Poster ID
A-113 P09 Comparison of Sun Protection Behavior and Tanning Habits in Adolescents Based
on Age, Gender, and Skin Tone
Annie Guo, June Robinson
A-115 P01 The Comparison of Motility in Parent Versus High Nitric Oxide Adapted Cells
Courtney Amegashie, Eftychia Gouvas, James Radosevich
A-119 R09 Optimization of Event Selection for the Higgs Boson Sensitivity at the Collider
Detector at Fermilab
Benjamin Kuo, Eric James, Sergo Jindariani
A-121 F01 Heuristic Analysis in Python Programming: Creating a Chess Engine
Jason Chien, Konrad Wrobel, Mark Hoemmen, Namrata Pandya, Phadmakar Patankar
A-131 Q05 Effects of Caffeine on Motor Excitability of Skeletal Muscles in the Hand and Arm
as Measured by Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Sanggyu (Raymond) Chong, Tonu Pius, Todd Parrish, Xue Wang
A-133 B08 Effect of Mechanical Forces and Cleavage Plane Orientation on Epithelial
Geometry and Topology
Madhav Mohandas, Jie Liang
A-147 N02 A Western Legal Shift to Incorporate Indigenous Intellectual Knowledge
Diliana Dimitrova, William Mock, Christian Nokkentved
A-149 P15 The Role of Two Selective K+ Channels (Kir and Kv) Expressed in Macrophages in
the Secretion of IL-1ß when Macrophages are Induced by Anthrax Toxin
Jiwon Kim, Irena Levitan, Johnson Thomas
A-151 C29 Stretch-Induced Gene Regulation
Alexandra Smick, Karen Ridge, Micah Rogel
A-155 G06 High-Tech Industries and the Quality of Life: An Investigation of Chinese Cities
Harley Wang, Richard Stalmack
AcadPit
A-138
I17 Changing a Cell's Fate: New Cures for Diseases and Illnesses
Hyun Jin Song, Vitali Metlushko
B-110 C03 Comparing E-cadherin Expression in Cancer Cells with Different Degrees of
Invasiveness Using Immunofluorescence
Sonya Dave, Carol Gu, Megan Schrementi
B-116 I04 Engineering a Water Filter for Developing Countries: Optimizing Flow Rate with
Respect to Bacterial Sterilization
Dane Christianson, Jongmin Lee, Mark Carlson
B-133 R14 Determining the Optimal Silicon Photomultiplier Device to Measure High Energy
Particle Collisions
Tuopu Ma, Jacob Anderson, Juliana Whitmore
D-103 J01 A Continuous Change of the Aspirations of IMSA Students in Writing
Monica Daniels, Tracy Townsend
27
9:10 AM - 9:25 AM (continued)
D-107 G05 The Role of the Federal Reserve Bank During the 2007 Recession
Zeno Jeong, Lee Eysturlid, Charles Steele
D-110 A04 Development of New Environment-Sensitive Fluorescent Probes
Justin Lee, Sung Hwan Suh, Daesung Lee, Aditi Patil
KidsInst
E-115
I19 Nanoelectrode Arrays for Energy Storage and Ultrasensitive Sensing Application
Joly Wu, Ralu Divan
LectHall
B-206
F08 Designing Game Design
Kevin Wang, Jason Leigh
9:35 AM - 9:50 AM
Room Poster ID
A-113 P10 What are the Consequences of the Loss of PAX3 Function in Melanoma?
Annie Guo, Deborah Lang, Erica Littlejohn
A-115 K05 CdS/ZnS Quantum Dot-Photoexcited Glucose Oxidase Biosensor for Silver Ion
Detection in Contaminated Aqueous Environments
Nishith Reddy, Karl Rockne
A-117 C23 Estrogen as an Initiator of Breast Cancer
Lydia Matthews, Robert Chatterton, Seema Khan
A-121 F06 A Look into How to Make the World More Efficient Through Databases
Angus Nelson, Namrata Pandya, Phadmakar Patankar
A-131 B01 Determining Heat Load of Infrared Laser Radiation through Direct and Side-
Firing Optical Fibers
Lisa Akintilo, Megan Wu, Agnella Matic, Suhrud Rajguru, Claus-Peter Richter
A-133 B02 Exploring the Effects of Adhesion and Programmed Cell Death on Tissue
Morphogenesis
Ramya Babu, Jie Liang, Hammad Naveed
A-135 M02 Latin American Women in Revolution: Mexico and Nicaragua in the Twentieth
Century
Joscelyn Garcia, Kathryn Kadel, Eric Smith
A-147 T02 An Analysis of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and its Effect on
Physician Compensation and Health Insurance Companies
Cevdet Dogan, Aditya Suresh, Christian Nokkentved
A-149 O05 Investigating Flat Foldability of Box Pleated Origami Models
Jisoo Kim, Vincent Matsko
A-151 B10 Surface Behaviors of HT-29 Colon Cancer Cells on P-/E-Selectin and Anti-
EpCAM
Sydney Valero, Seungpyo Hong, Ja Myung
A-155 O07 Reading Differences Between Printed Books and E-Readers
Matthew Rasmussen, Richard Stalmack
AcadPit
A-138
S02 Examining Differences in Cognitive and Executive Functioning Scores in Patients
with Autism Spectrum Disorders, ADHD, and Co-Occurring Autism and ADHD
Jennifer Bailey, Scott Hunter
B-110 C25 The Effect of Fructo-Oligosaccharide on the Growth of Bacillus coagulans Under
Conditions Similar to Those Found in the Digestive Tract
Christine Mourafetis, Megan Schrementi
B-116 C18 Differential Effects of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors on the Acetylation of Tubulin
on Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Cultures
Yoo (Jenny) Kim, Jongmin Lee, Susan McCormick
28
9:35 AM - 9:50 AM (continued)
B-133 P23 Investigation Into Risk Factors of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
Christina Momchev, Cynthia Fisch, Rada Ivanov
B-148 P07 Genetic Influences on Cellular Debris Handling in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Nitin Chilukuri, Ajay Pius, Abhinav Reddy, Timothy Niewold
D-103 A07 Observing the Genetic Response of H358 and 1703 Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines to
BMP-7 with qRT-PCR
Samir Shah, Jeffrey Borgia
D-107 P29 Randomized, Prospective Comparison of Performance Using Standard
Laparoscopy, Single-Incision Laparoscopy, and a Novel Bimanual Triangulating
Platform
Kevin Shi, Eric Hungness, B. Fernando Santos
D-110 C32 The Importance of Accelerated Cell Death 2 in the Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
of Arabidopsis
Risun Udawatta, Gopal Pattanayak
KidsInst
E-115
C39 Comparative Morphology of Lepidotrichia in Pectoral Fins Among Basal
Actinopterygians
Karthik Yarlagadda, Neil Shubin, Natalia Taft
LectHall
B-206
G02 The Gulf Oil Spill and Its Effects on the Global Economy
Caitlyn Collett, Samuel Weitekamp, Robert Kiely
10:00 AM - 10:15 AM
Room Poster ID
A-113 B06 Polystyrene Coating of Microfluidic Devices to Reduce Absorption
Nilesh Kavthekar, David Thomas Eddington
A-115 P25 The Effect of Transgenic A20 on Inflammation of the Intestinal Epithelium
Nishith Reddy, David Boone
A-117 S05 Awareness of Being Stared at: Investigations into the Possibility of a Sixth Sense
Carly Houdek, Elaina Zintl, David Evenson
A-119 R20 Using GALFIT and Lenstool to Analyze Gravitational Lenses
Gary Wang, Sahar Allam, Huan Lin
A-121 F07 Three-Dimensional Landscape Generation and Erosion Simulation with Java
Gregary Pergrossi, Zachary Pergrossi, Namrata Pandya, Phadmakar Patankar
A-133 C02 The Function of Sox5 in the Neural Crest
Kamila Bond, Carole LaBonne, Kara Nordin
A-135 Q03 Isolation of Cholinesterases from Plaques and Tangles in Alzheimer’s Disease
Christina Cheng, Katherine Gasho, Changiz Geula
A-147 H05 Comparing the Learning Styles of Gifted Monolingual and Bilingual Students
Francis Cocjin, Christian Nokkentved, Purva Rushi
A-149 O01 Investigations in Open Symmetric Pentomino Problems
Shiladitya Bhattacharyya, James Quigley, Oscar To, Vincent Matsko
A-151 C34 Identifying the Isoforms of Adenylyl Cyclase in Alveolar Epithelial Cells of Rattus
norvegicus and Homo sapiens by Polymerase Chain Reaction
Sonam Vyas, Emilia Lecuona, Humberto Trejo, Christine Vohwinkel
AcadPit
A-138
H09 Why are Hispanics Underrepresented in College?
Carlos Gomez, Christopher Macias, Jose Palos
B-108 H08 The Dropout Dilemma: Investigating Student Retention at the Illinois
Mathematics and Science Academy
Dominic Gentile, Matthew Gietl, Donald Dosch, Barbara Miller
29
10:00 AM - 10:15 AM (continued)
B-110 C04 The Effects of Hypoxia on Human Dermal Fibroblasts
Xin (Danny) Ding, Megan Schrementi
B-133 C24 The Effect of Ranolazine on T-Tubule Organization, Heart Disease, and
Excitation-Contraction Reactions
Thitipong Mongkolrattanothai, Mahendra Reddy, James Kelly, Amanda Nahhas,
Matthew O'Toole, Andrew Wasserstrom
B-148 C27 Role of Phosphoinositide 3'-Kinase C2β in Intersectin-Mediated Signaling in
Neuroblastoma
Irina Pushel, John O'Bryan
D-107 I16 Exploring Field Programmable Gate Array Time to Digital Converters in High
Energy Physics
Yanchen Shi, Douglas Zhu, Jin Wu
KidsInst
E-115
P26 Computerized Quantification of Pleural Effusion
Ashley Ro, Nikita Veera, Samuel Armato
LectHall
B-206
I20 A Football Design to Enforce a Quick Release by a Quarterback
Baihan Yang, Matthew Spenko
10:25 AM - 10:40 AM
Room Poster ID
A-113 F04 A Statistical Model for Analyzing Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride-Stained
Myocardial Infarcts
Nilesh Kavthekar, Ted Li, Joseph Wang, Shu Q. Liu
A-115 V01 A Comparison of Islam and Christianity: Religion's Institutions
Kristopher Fernandez, Robert Kiely
A-117 T06 Assessing Math Performance of Multilingual IMSA Sophomores
Sarah Malik, David Evenson, Christopher Kolar
A-119 R03 Modeling the Strong Gravitational Lensing System, Clone, Using Data from the
Hubble Space Telescope
Amber Betzold, Huan Lin
A-121 F02 The Digital Detriment: Aspects of Computer Illiteracy
Samuel Haile, Namrata Pandya
A-131 Q11 Continuous Positive Airway Pressure: A Study in the Change of Body Mass Index
in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Patients
Harsha Jujjavarapu, Sarah Zallek
A-135 H01 Multisensory Versus One-Modality Instruction in Bilingual Education with a
Focus on Elementary-Aged Spanish Speakers
Sonia Bajaj, Cherie Esposito, Jose Palos, Manuel Perez, Aracelys Rios
A-147 R01 Searching for a High Mass Standard Model Higgs Boson in 6.3 fb-1 of Data at the
D0 Detector
Alexander Abbinante, Wesley Bradley, Ryuji Yamada
A-149 P05 Evaluating Computerized Tomography Scans Ordered from the Emergency Room
for Suspected Pulmonary Embolism
Ajay Chatrath, Arun Jagannathan
A-155 C06 Effects of Modified Murine Runx2 Expression on Embryonic Osteogenesis
Xiangyun (Johnny) Duan, Ming Ding, Qiping Zheng
B-108 C01 The Expression of Ecotropic Virus Integration Site-1 in Seven Cancer Cell Lines
Wendy Bindeman, Donald Dosch
30
10:25 AM - 10:40 AM (continued)
B-110 P11 All About Influenza
Jacob Henry, Megan Schrementi
B-116 P02 A Comparison of Zantac and Prevacid in the Treatment of Gastroesophageal
Reflux in Premature Infants Diagnosed with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Omotayo Balogun, Kari Tyler, Maliha Shareef
B-148 P06 Type 2 Diabetes Risk Factors at IMSA
James Chen, Sowmya Anjur, Rebecca Lipton
D-103 R07 Transfer Line Design from the Recycler Ring to the P150 Line for the Mu2e-
Project at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Shantanu Jain, Meiqin Xiao
D-107 O08 Stable Expansions of the Integers
Rose Sloan, David Marker
D-110 S09 How Stress Affects Sleep in Elderly People with Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Patricia Walchessen, Kathryn Reid
KidsInst
E-115
A08 Optimization of Sensing Efficacy for Protein Detection
Stanley Yuan, Vivian Zhang, Liaohai Leo Chen
LectHall
B-206
H11 The Effects of Inquiry-Based Pedagogy on Third Grade Students and Their
Ability to Learn Higher Level Physics Concepts
Alan Shramuk, Tracy Miller
10:50 AM - 11:05 AM
Room Poster ID
A-113 P12 The Role of SRC Family Kinases in SDF-1/CXCR4-Mediated Progenitor Cell
Homing
Ingrid Hsiung, Pranusha Pinna, Gangjian Qin
A-115 M05 "O Jesus, Through the Immaculate Heart of Mary" Versus "What up, J.C.?":
Protestantism from Reformation to Modern Day
Jeannine Schulz, Robert Kiely
A-117 O09 The Leader Mentality: The Importance of Scoring First in a Major League
Baseball Game
Michael Teng, Kevin Zhao, Christopher Kolar
A-119 C08 Expression of Recombinant Malarial Parasite Plasmodium falciparum Acetyl-CoA
Carboxylase in a Yeast-Based Screening System and Photometric Assays
Lucija Filipac, Piotr Gornicki, Robert Haselkorn
A-131 Q12 Effect of Neurotoxin MPP+ on Additional Nigral Dopaminergic Neuron Loss in
the MPTP Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease
Harsha Jujjavarapu, Paul Carvey
A-133 E03 Effects of Molecular and Macroscopic Surface Modification on Wetting
Pan Luo, Gaby Avila-Bront, Steve Sibener
A-135 P16 Factors Influencing Successful Weaning from Caffeine in Premature Infants Born
before Thirty-four Weeks of Gestation Treated for Apnea
Ifreke King, Patricia Hummel, Christine Sajous
A-147 P04 An Investigation of Periodontal Diseases
Seth Butcher, Dean Lodding
A-149 I03 The Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Ni2TiIn
Wen Min Chen, Song Chen, Yoonsung Chung, Susan Meschel, Philip Nash
A-151 C28 Examining the Functionality of DNA Methyltransferase Protein DNMT3B in Myc-
Driven Cancers in Mice
Mahi Singh, Lucy Godley, Janet Lepore, Aparna Vasanthakumar
31
10:50 AM - 11:05 AM (continued)
A-155 B04 An Ideal Inbred Line of Maize Useful for Producing Transgenic Maize via Micro
Projectile-Mediated Gene Transfer Using Meristemic Tissue
Sharon Duval, Eric Johnson
AcadPit
A-138
K01 International Collaborative Effort for the Creation of Renewable Energy
Applications and Methodologies: Efficient Wind Power Production
Michael Atten, Rafael Gonzalez, Cai O'Connell, Glenn "Max" McGee, Aracelys Rios
B-108 C17 Cell Starvation in Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells and the Initiation of
Apoptosis in Eukaryotes
Lakshmi Katta, Rhyston Mays, Donald Dosch
B-110 C14 DNA Sequencing Protocol
Eaton Guo, Jamie Tweedle
B-116 Q15 Characterization of HuR Overexpression in a Post-Ischemic Penumbra
Vignessh Kumar, Agnieszka Ardelt, Randall Carpenter
B-133 C33 Role of TLR4 in Profibrotic TGF-ß Signal Transduction in Fibrosis
Sumana Vardhan, Swati Bhattacharyya, John Varga
B-148 A01 The Effect of Heat Shock Protein 27 on Actin Cytoskeleton Remodulation
Vidya Anjur, Jody Martin, Margaret McShane
D-103 F03 Inquiry into the Applications of Computing, Web Access, and Mobile Device
Integration in the Automotive Environment
Shantanu Jain, James Gerry
D-110 C36 The Effect of Smallpox Vaccine-Elicited CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg Cells Expansion
and Massive Accumulation in Infected Tissues and Treg Cell's Role in Immune
Homeostasis Against Tissues Destruction
Xun Ming (Jenny) Wang, Wei Chen
LectHall
B-206
H06 The Importance of English as a Second Language Programs and the Factors That
Affect Their Success
Katia Colin, Chibuzo Obasi, Paula Altekruse, Rosemary Gabriel
11:15 AM - 11:30 AM
Room Poster ID
A-113 S01 Correlation of Print Advertisements, Self-Concept, and Body Image in Adolescent
Girls
Uchenna Agwuncha, Deborah McGrath
A-117 S07 Features of Effective Support Programs for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis
Brittany Kwamin, Whitney Kwamin, Christopher Kolar
A-119 Q04 Using Hippocampal Morphometry to Detect Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology in
Primary Progressive Aphasia Patients
Ashley Chong, Emily Rogalski, Lei Wang
A-121 Q13 The Role of MAN2A2 Expression in Glioma Proliferation and Invasivity
Timothy Klincewicz, Areen Pitaktong, Roger Kroes
A-131 Q08 Effect of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridnium on Dopamine Neuron Loss in LPS Mouse
Model of Parkinson's Disease
Brinda Gupta, Paul Carvey, Bill Hendey
A-133 R17 Operating Voltage of the Silicon Detectors in the Collider Detector at Fermilab
Jorge Quero, John Freeman, Michelle Stancari
A-135 R06 Energy Calibration of Electron Antineutrino Using Boron-12 Beta Decays
Holly Hernandez, Michelangelo D'Agostino, Maury Goodman
A-149 Q20 Gender Differences of Neural Correlates Supporting Empathy in Schizophrenia
Nicole Runkle, Matthew Smith
32
11:15 AM - 11:30 AM (continued)
A-151 C22 Auditory, Olfactory, and Pheromone Sensing in TRPML3 Deficient Mice
Janani Mandayam Comar, Sai Parepally, Andrew Castiglioni, Jaime Garcia-Añoveros,
Natalie Remis
A-155 C07 The Mediation of Tumor Necrosis Factor by the Tight Junction Protein Occludin
Christine Engbretson, Christopher Weber
AcadPit
A-138
K02 International Collaborative Effort for the Creation of Renewable Energy
Applications and Methodologies: Miscanthus Butanol Conversion
Mitchell Bieniek, Garrett Flack, Glenn "Max" McGee, Aracelys Rios
B-108 C38 The Effects of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate on the Apoptosis of HT-29 Colorectal
Cancer Cells
Diana Xu, Donald Dosch
B-116 C10 The Effect of a High Fat Diet on Leukotriene B4 Levels in Pancreatic Lesions in
Genetically Altered Mice
Nicholas Fung, Kevin Adrian, Paul Grippo
B-133 C05 The Effect of 2-Cyano-3,12-Dioxooleana-1,9(11)-Dien-28-Oic Acid (CDDO) on
Transforming Growth Factor-ß Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in
A549 Lung Epithelial Cells
Sruthi Doniparthi, John Varga, Jun Wei
B-148 C11 The Scientific Basis of Disease in Media: Werewolves, Vampires, and Zombies
Mukesh Gande, Kyle Glasper, Sowmya Anjur
D-103 F05 Fooling the Hacker: A Study of Honeypots
Derrick Miller, James Gerry
D-107 T05 Sharing Needles: The Implementation of a Syringe Exchange Program in Chicago
Rahul Maheshwari, James Victory
D-110 E04 A Greener Catalyst for Biodiesel Synthesis
Elizabeth Ott, Justin Notestein
LectHall
B-206
P21 Neonatal Diabetes due to Mutations in the KCNJ11 Gene
Daniel Matthews, Siri Atma Greeley
12:30 PM - 12:45 PM
Room Poster ID
A-117 H04 A Study Aimed at Enhancing Students' Understanding of Newton's Three Laws
Grace Choi, Linda Brazdil
A-131 Q07 Using Resting State Functional Connectivity as a Biomarker to Access the
Treatment Effects in Chronic Stroke Patients
Justin Feng, Todd Parrish, Xue Wang
A-147 B03 Design of Genetic Sequences Encoding a Matrix Metalloproteinase-2-Degradable
Synthetic Recombinant Protein
Yiyun Cao, Jason Buhrman, Richard Gemeinhart, Mary Tang
A-151 G01 Cost-Benefit Analysis and Evaluation of Leadership in Energy and Environmental
Design Certification
Paul Cladek, Stephen Berry, Theodore Steck
B-108 P03 Ampicillin Resistance in Escherichia coli: Adaptation or Mutation?
Madeline Booton, Donald Dosch
B-116 R10 Tracking the Construction and Performance of the NOvA Detector
John Lee, Jonathan Paley
KidsInst
E-115
T03 IMSA, Parents, Expectations: Illinois Massive Stress Academy... Stressing Out
Over Nothing
Jonathan Henricks, Thomas Lightfoot, Tracy Rogers
33
12:30 PM - 12:45 PM (continued)
LectHall
B-206
P19 Mutations in the Insulin Gene as a Cause of Monogenic Diabetes
Sarah Lisk, Siri Atma Greeley
12:55 PM - 1:10 PM
Room Poster ID
A-113 B11 Virtual Representation of the Human Central Nervous System
Candice Yi, Andreas Linninger
A-115 H10 Student Inquiry and Research at IMSA Chicago
Victoria Lo, Michelle Kolar
A-119 Q10 The Effects of Late Life Depression on Executive Function in the Clock Drawing
Test
Irene Jiang, Melissa Lamar
A-121 P27 Do Widened Pulse Pressures in Premature Infants Signify a Patent Ductus
Arteriosus?
Yasmeni Sandridge, Jonathan Muraskas, Cristina Vega
A-133 I01 Comparison of Dreiding and Universal Force Fields for Metal Organic
Framework Simulation
Yusuf Aktan, Matthew Tsao, Randall Snurr, Chris Wilmer
A-135 T01 Nationalism in Spain: Catalonia and the Basque Country
Paul Angelillo, Ryan Jordan, Rhett Partida, Rafael Rodriguez, Samuel Simon, Jose
Palos, Eric Smith
A-155 A02 The Effects of Detergent Concentration on KRAS-4B Aggregation after
Farnesylation
Yan-Yang Feng, Vadim Gaponenko
B-110 P14 The Effect of Egr2 on the Cell Markers Lag3, 41BB, and CRTAM in the Anergic
carEGR2 flox/flox TH1 T-cell Clone
Alex Kim, Yan Zheng
B-133 U02 Gravitational Interactions in Globular Clusters
Ian Nodurft, Mark Subbarao
B-148 P24 The Effect of Therapeutic Hypothermia on Mitochondrial Akt Phosphorylation
and Pim-1 Expression in Murine Hemorrhagic Shock
Gina Qin, Terry Vanden Hoek
D-103 H03 The Effect of Resident Physician Education on Patient Safety
Wen Li Chen, David Mayer
D-107 M01 Emotion in Journalism: Changes in Reporting Disasters and How They Affect
Coverage
Shelby Daniel-Wayman, James Victory
D-110 I09 A Design for a More Efficient Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Peter Howes, Branson Lawrence
KidsInst
E-115
C16 A Comparison of Activity Budgets and Exhibit Usage of Western Lowland
Gorillas
Brielle James, Debra Kutska
LectHall
B-206
I08 The Construction of a Model Helicopter with a Unique Set of Interlocking Blades
Kenneth Harvey, Austin Kramer, Francisco Ruiz
34
1:20 PM – 1:35 PM
Room Poster ID
A-113 C40 Identifying Differences Between Normal and Cancerous Stem Cells
Candice Yi, Morris Kletzel, Marie Olszewski
A-115 C21 The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Regulation of MYCN in Neuroblastoma
Nolan Maloney, Naohiko Ikegaki, Xao Tang
A-117 N01 Politics of Globalization: Crises, Economic Human Rights, and Inequality
Jennifer Crawford, Steven Ramirez
A-119 P18 Determining the Conditions Under Which Bioavailability of a Drug Increases
Samantha Levin, Robert Kimura
A-121 C30 Effect of the Expression of Histamine Receptors on Mast Cells
Andrew Ta, Paul Bryce, Julie Schweinfurth
A-131 Q02 Apolipoprotein E Effects on Synapse Volume in vivo
Upashruti Agrawal, MaryJo LaDu, Kevin Laxton, Leon Tai
A-133 S03 An In-Depth Analysis in Decision Making Based Upon the Decision Making Index Scale
Kirthi Banothu, Brendan Wesp, Rebecca White
A-135 R05 Differentiating Neutrino Events
Mohammed Hayat, Maury Goodman
A-147 H02 Transgender Policies in High Schools
Ayse Cetinkaya, Daniel Gleason
A-149 I12 Thermodynamic and Physical Properties of Ni2TiGa
Byron Mui, Song Chen, Yoonsung Chung, Susan Meschel, Philip Nash
A-151 Q06 The Effects of Menstrual Cycle Phase on Memory in Naturally Cycling Women
Julianne Crawford, Pauline Maki, Antonia Savarese, Mary Winters
A-155 C09 The Effect of microRNA-200 on Prostate Cancer
Hana Fouladi, James Rea, Olga Volpert
AcadPit
A-138
S04 Predicting the Mind of a Serial Murderer: The Success of Criminal Profiling in the Case
of the Green River Killer
Jessica Grady, Michelle Jardine, James Bondi, Steven Bongardt
B-108 C13 Pro-Inflammatory Regulatory T-cell Expression of a Foxp3 Splice Variant
Webster Guan, Khashayarsha Khazaie
B-110 A03 Cytoprotective Effects of Nitric Oxide
Krishna Kudaravalli, Sumit Sahni, Douglas Thomas
B-116 E02 Density Functional Theory Study of the Influence of VOx Promotion on the Mechanism of
Alcohol Synthesis on Rhodium Catalysts
Mingyang (Jennifer) Li, Randall Meyer
B-133 R15 Measuring Time Calibrations in Waveform Digitizing for Practical Positron Emission
Tomography Applications
Eric Ordonez, Chien Kao
B-148 Q21 Mouse Models in the Genomic Age
Shannon Tai, Kelly Yom, Kay Grennan, Chun-Yu Liu
D-103 L01 Using Film as a Medium to Create a Documentary About Academic Integrity at IMSA
Megan Czajka, Connor Tomasko, Adam Kotlarczyk, Spencer Parsons
D-107 P08 Chest Computerized Tomography Imaging Findings in Patients With Localized Sarcoma
Samantha Donermeyer, James Nachman
D-110 K04 Lighting of the Future: An Investigation of Light-Emitting Diode Efficiency
Neel Patel, Seth Zelman, Branson Lawrence
35
1:20 PM – 1:35 PM (continued)
KidsInst
E-115
E01 The Healthiest Drink: Determining Antioxidant Content of Beverages
Matthew Kleinjan, Anita White
LectHall
B-206
O04 Flipping the Winner of a Poset Game
Adam Kalinich, Lance Fortnow
1:45 PM - 2:00 PM
Room Poster ID
A-113 Q18 Degradation and TRIP8b Maintenance of HCN1 and HCN2 Channels
Pujan Patel, Dane Chetkovich
A-115 D02 How Power and Status Influence Reactions to Breaches of Trust
Jay Patel, Vivek Thakkar, Nathan Yan, Keith Murnighan, Hetal Patel
A-117 N03 Mass Incarceration and Its Effects in Society
Haley Ramirez, James Carey
A-119 D01 The Correlation Between Start-Up Fund, Product Type, and Monetary Success in Small
Businesses
Naomi Liu, Si Si, David Winkin
A-121 N04 Mandatory Death Penalty in Africa
Vamika Venkatesan, Sandra Babcock, Brook Miscoski
A-131 R04 The Accuracy of Galaxy Cluster Mass Estimates Based on Weak Gravitational Lensing
Techniques
Stephanie Cheng, James Annis
A-133 C31 Investigating Inducible Resistance Observed in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains from
Cystic Fibrosis Patients
Aaditya Tolappa, Bill Kabat
A-135 O03 On the Coloring of Graph Products
Derek Hardin, Hemanshu Kaul
A-147 I10 Understanding the Formation of Toroidal-Spiral Particle
Aditya Karan, Ying Liu
A-149 O06 An Extension of the Erdös-Ginzburg-Ziv Theorem: Non-Zero Sums in Zn
Corinne Madsen, Noah Prince
A-151 R19 The Comparison of the Different Radiotherapy Neutron Sources in Various Facilities for
the Optimal Result in Neutron Therapy
Michelle Suh, Thomas Kroc
A-155 C12 Characterization of Genetic Pathways Leading to Therapy-Related Acute Myeloid
Leukemia with Abnormalities of Chromosome Five
Andrew Go, Michelle LeBeau, Angela Stoddart
AcadPit
A-138
R08 Modeling Quench Propagation in a System of Interconnected Superconducting Coils
Emil Khabiboulline, Iouri Terechkine
B-108 C19 The Role of Dendritic Cells in the Development of Pro-Inflammatory T-Regulatory Cells
in Colorectal Cancer
Hannah Koo, Khashayarsha Khazaie
B-110 P17 Defining a Minimal Peptide Within HSP70 Required for Immune Activation
Previn Kumar, Jared Klarquist, Caroline Le Poole, Jeffrey Mosenson
B-116 Q16 Dopamine Regulation of Phosphorylation of Cone-Cone Gap Junctions in Ground
Squirrel Retina
Xiaoyu Li, Steven DeVries
B-133 P13 Calculating the Detection Efficiency of Positron Emission Tomography Systems
Vijay Jayaram, Thomas Reith, Chien Kao
36
1:45 PM - 2:00 PM (continued)
B-148 I18 How the Ratios of Plastic Acrylic Balls in a Plastic Ball Phantom Affect the Consistency of
the Phantom
Michael White, Beverly Lau, Robert Nishikawa
D-103 C15 The Effects of Sanitizers on the Survival of Stressed Salmonella enteritidis on Shelled Eggs
Dorcas Huang, Jill Vogan, Wei Zhang
D-107 Q09 The Relationship Between Effect-Site Concentration of Propofol and Burst Suppression of
the Electroencephalogram in Patients Undergoing Cerebrovascular Procedures
Janell Herrera, Jessica Ventenilla, Mehmet Ozcan, Guy Weinberg
D-110 K06 Designing a Building for the IMSA Energy Center that Runs on Only Solar and Wind
Energy
Vanya Yorgova, Branson Lawrence
KidsInst
E-115
I02 The Design Process of a Roller Coaster
Justin Booth, Brendan Mathias, Brooke Schmidt
LectHall
B-206
G04 Growth of the Chinese Futures Markets
Joseph Hecker, Doug Adams
2:10 PM - 2:25 PM
Room Poster ID
A-113 Q19 Identification of Clathrin and Adapter Protein Interacting TRIP8b Splices
Pujan Patel, Dane Chetkovich, Ye Han
A-115 H07 Applying Teaching Models to a Science Curriculum for Elementary School Students in
IMSA's Kids Institute
Eleanor Cory, Allyson Milenkovic, Julie Dowling
A-117 C20 MMS21 Reduction in HCT116 Cancer Cells Results in Hypersensitivity to Camptothecin
Jacob Lahr, Amanda Sul, Connie Wang, Nathan Ellis, Alex Kwako
A-119 I11 Optimizing the Conditions of Atomic Layer Deposition of Hafnium Oxide, HfO2
Samir Mishra, Shobhit Roy, Christos Takoudis, Runshen Xu
A-121 C35 Variations in Characteristics of Ginkgo biloba Leaf Litter and Implications
Kelly Wallin, Kevin Boyce
A-131 I06 Networks of Ultrasmall Pd/Cr Bilayer Nanowires: A New Type of High Performance
Hydrogen Sensors
Henry Deng, Zhili Xiao
A-133 P28 Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates in
Infants Within the First Thirty Days of Life
Mehal Shah, Divya Tankasala, Bill Kabat
A-135 B05 Genetic Testing Ontology Construction
Eric Huang, Simon Lin
A-147 B07 Development and Evaluation of a Prosthetic Ankle that Mechanically Adapts to Sloped
Surfaces
Samuel Kwak, Stefania Fatone
A-149 Q17 Mapping Verbal Memory Through Electrocorticographic Readings of Subdural
Electrodes
Egle Malinauskaite, Paul Yuan, Vernon Leo Towle
A-151 I05 Far Horizons Near Space Balloons: Creating a Cut-Down System
Logan Damiani, Nathan Geldner, Geza Gyuk, Ken Walczak
A-155 I07 Alternative Auscultation: The Audible Human Project
Saarthak Gupta, Thomas Royston
37
2:10 PM - 2:25 PM (continued)
AcadPit
A-138
R11 Optimizing Nanometer-Scale Features
Kiwook Lee, David Czaplewski
B-108 S06 The Effect of Parental Input on the Language and Reading Development of Children
During Preschool
Ethan Jacobs, Ozlem Ece Demir
B-110 P22 GD3 Synthase Vaccines as a Treatment for Melanoma
Hannah Miller, Jared Klarquist, Caroline Le Poole
B-116 R12 Dynamics of Two-Dimensional Granular Gases
Peter Lu, Justin Burton, Sidney Nagel
B-133 R16 Calibration of Dark Energy Camera Charge-Coupled Device Images in the Dark Energy
Survey Filter System Using Astronomical Standard Stars
Deokgeun Park, Tom Diehl, Douglas Tucker
B-148 A06 Effect of Syndecan-1 and Syndecan-2 on Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Cell-Cell Fusion
Sarah Salameh, Urmi Sheth, Deepak Shukla
D-103 I13 Roller Coasters: Pushing Human Limits
Jonathan Munoz, Samuel Smith, Eric Hawker
D-107 S08 d-Amphetamine: Effects on Mood and Speech
Paloma Ocola, Harriet de Wit, Margaret Wardle
D-110 I14 Designing a Mixed-Use Facility on a Four Acre Plot of Land
Benjamin Richardson, Steven Vasilion
KidsInst
E-115
I15 Architecting a Chicago-Based Environmentally Friendly Triplex
Madison Rogers, Jesse McGrath, Clay Sewell
LectHall
B-206
S10 An Exploration into Artificial Intelligence, the Human Mind, and Systems
Andrew Wentzel, Mike Ososky
38
A01
The Effect of Heat Shock Protein 27 on Actin Cytoskeleton Remodulation
Presenter(s)
Vidya Anjur, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jody Martin, Loyola University
Margaret McShane, Loyola University
The role played by heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) in regulating apoptosis and necrosis in muscle has led
to further research on the mechanism by which expression of Hsp27 increases cell resistance to oxidative
stress. This project examines the cytoskeletal components of cells after they have undergone stress, and
the effects of Hsp27 upon them. Using an actin cytoskeleton in-vivo assay kit, ratios of G- and F-actin
were examined in smooth muscle cells that either have undergone stress or have not. These ratios will
illustrate the integrity of the actin cytoskeleton within cells. Treatments of hydrogen peroxide, an
oxidative stress inducer, and various inhibitors, which prevent the phosphorylation of Hsp27, were
administered to plates of muscle cells. Trials were conducted for different time periods to determine the
change in actin ratios over time. Gel electrophoresis, immunodetection, and NIH image quantification
software were used to analyze the actin and Hsp27 in each condition. After data were analyzed, it was
found that oxidative stress treatments had a greater amount of F actin, but in treatments that had been pretreated
with inhibitor, there was a higher amount of G actin. This work provides more information on the
structural integrity of muscle cells and the mechanisms that prevent cell damage.
A02
The Effects of Detergent Concentration on KRAS-4B Aggregation after Farnesylation
Presenter(s)
Yan-Yang Feng, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Vadim Gaponenko, University of Illinois at Chicago
The post-translational modification of the C-terminus hypervariable region of KRAS-4B is important in
the function of this GTPase as an oncogenic protein, but currently, there are no efficient modes of
preparing complete, post-translationally modified KRAS-4B for biochemical and biophysical studies. The
purpose of this experiment was to explore one mode of preparing fully-modified versions of this protein,
so it can be more easily acquired for further investigation. To mimic the post-translational modification of
KRAS-4B, we added farnesyl-cysteine residues to HVR-C2 peptide, a post-translationally modified
region hypothesized to be most responsible for KRAS-4B's oncogenic behavior. We used
spectrophotometry to evaluate the protein's aggregation behavior after the addition of the farnesylcysteine
residues, and compared the absorbance plots of samples containing different concentrations of
detergent. It was seen that more dilute concentrations of detergent caused the protein aggregation to start
later and to progress at a slower rate. Total aggregation was also diminished as detergent concentrations
were diluted. These results show that varying detergent concentrations may lead us to a more efficient
mode of preparing KRAS-4B. However, further investigation should be done to evaluate the precise
concentrations for optimizing the amount of usable protein.
39
A03
Cytoprotective Effects of Nitric Oxide
Presenter(s)
Krishna Kudaravalli, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Sumit Sahni, University of Illinois at Chicago
Douglas Thomas, University of Illinois at Chicago
Lipid peroxidation and DNA damage can lead to various pathophysiological conditions like cancer and
neurodegenerative disorders. This can occur through the formation of strong oxidizing species such as
hydroxyl radical. Free iron can be dangerous because it can increase the formation of hydroxyl radicals
through its reaction with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Previous studies have shown that the free radical
nitric oxide (NO) can react with cellular iron and thiols to form dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNIC), which
are thought to be inert. We tested this theory by treating cells with NO using the NO-donor molecule
Sper/NO followed by exposure to H2O2. We then measured the formation of hydroxyl radicals using a
specific dye (dihydrorhodamine 123) which reacts with hydroxyl radical. We also measured the ability of
NO to protect against cell death caused by H2O2 treatment. We observed that pretreatment of cells with
nitric oxide (200 μM Sper/NO for 1 hour) lead to a 20% decrease in hydroxyl radical production and a
30% decrease in cell death. This study demonstrates that nitric oxide has antioxidant properties by
suppressing hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress. These results could play a role in the
understanding of diseases that are involved with oxidative stress.
A04
Development of New Environment-Sensitive Fluorescent Probes
Presenter(s)
Justin Lee, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Sung Hwan Suh, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Daesung Lee, University of Illinois at Chicago
Aditi Patil, University of Illinois at Chicago
Cell functions rely heavily on lipids. Fluorophores can be used to monitor these lipids and help
researchers gain a better view of membrane mediated cellular processes. Commercially available
fluorophores are currently used, but they have several limitations. In order to overcome these limitations,
we have taken existing fluorophore cores and used them to synthesize our new fluorophores by altering
functional groups. Our fluorophores are equipped with a group that is capable of reacting with a cystine
on proteins. When the protein binds to a lipid, a change in fluorescence can be observed. To make our
fluorophores, we set up a number of reactions which were monitored by using thin layer chromatography.
After working up the reactions, the products were purified using column chromatography. A number of
fluorescent probes were made and tested in biological systems. Assay results have shown that certain
fluorophores are too big in size to fit in their receptor sites or its fluorescent intensities are too low. On the
basis of the unfavorable behaviors of the fluorophores prepared so far, we are trying to further modify
their structures to improve fluorescent behaviors. The limitations are not overcome, but we are continuing
in our search.
40
A05
Molecular Cloning of HA-Ubiquitin into pGEX-4T-1 Vector
Presenter(s)
Madhav Mohandas, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Richard Morimoto, Northwestern University
Ubiquitin is a regulatory protein, expressed in all eukaryotes, that serves to direct protein disposal and
recycling. In this study restriction enzyme directed ligation is used to clone the gene HA-ubiquitin into
the vector pGEX-4T-1. This serves as a preliminary step to observe the behavior of ubiquitin when placed
in varied environments. Once the gene is successfully inserted into the vector, the resulting plasmid can
be placed in bacterial cells and be used to express the desired protein. Plasmid DNA was gathered by
introducing the plasmid to DH5alpha bacterial cells through transformation. Restriction digestion using
Eco RI/Xho I confirmed the insertion of the ubiquitin encoding gene into the pGEX-4T-1. Sequencing the
plasmid has given good results, and the majority of the base pairs are matching. At this point the plasmid
can be used to express proteins in bacterial cells. Once the protein is gathered and purified, ubiquitin
interaction with other proteins in the cells of different organisms can be observed. The behavior of
ubiquitin in heat shock, or stressed conditions can also be studied.
A06
Effect of Syndecan-1 and Syndecan-2 on Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Cell-Cell Fusion
Presenter(s)
Sarah Salameh, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Urmi Sheth, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Deepak Shukla, University of Illinois at Chicago
Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) utilizes cell-cell fusion to infect several cells at once. The proteoglycans
syndecan-1 and syndecan-2 may help in facilitating cell-cell fusion. A cell-cell fusion assay, in which
effector cells were transfected with the glycoproteins gD, gB and gH-gL and a T7 polymerase and target
cells were transfected with luciferase and nectin-1, displayed cell-cell fusion through expression of
luciferase. A syncytial cell assay was also used, in which the nuclei of target cells were dyed with cyan
fluorescent protein and the cytosols of effector cells were dyed with red fluorescent protein, and the
creation of a syncytial cell is indicated by a cell with red cytoplasm and blue nuclei. Over-expression of
the syndecans on target cells increased cell-cell fusion, while over-expression of the syndecans on
effector cells decreased cell-cell fusion. In general, over-expression of syndecan-1 on target cells
increased cell-cell fusion the most, while over-expression of syndecan-2 on effector cells decreased cellcell
fusion the most. This information could be useful in future medicines that may make use of the
syndecans' effect to slow HSV-1 spread. The cause of these results remains unknown, so future studies
may focus on understanding how syndecan-1 and syndecan-2 can affect cell-cell fusion.
41
A07
Observing the Genetic Response of H358 and 1703 Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines to BMP-7 with
qRT-PCR
Presenter(s)
Samir Shah, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jeffrey Borgia, Rush University Medical Center
Metastasis, the diffusion of cancerous cells through the body and subsequent formation of secondary
tumors, is distinguished by a series of phenotypic metamorphoses that resemble the common cellular
process of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) present in wound healing and embryogenesis.
Bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) is a cytokine known to counteract the EMT pathway whose
activation is distinguishing of epithelial plasticity. In this study we show the effects of BMP-7 treatment
on two adenocarcinoma lines: H358 which has a generally epithelial natural phenotype; and 1703 which
has a naturally mesenchymal phenotype, compared to untreated controls. The cells were processed using
an EDTA-based lysis buffer. RNA extracts were performed with a Qiagen RNeasy mini-kit and then
reverse transcribed into cDNA after an Invitrogen DNase treatment. We visualized the genetic response
of the H358 and 1703 cell lines to exposure of the BMP-7 cytokine with real-time quantitative
polymerase chain reaction. In this review we investigated the genetic effects of the BMP-7 cytokine
which is proposed to be a fundamental messenger within the EMT-based metastasis model. This research
will lead to a better understanding of the mechanism behind cancer metastasis and because exogenous
BMP-7 is known to counteract EMT in vitro, BMP-7 may represent a novel treatment molecule for
malignant plasticities.
A08
Optimization of Sensing Efficacy for Protein Detection
Presenter(s)
Stanley Yuan, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Vivian Zhang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Liaohai Leo Chen, Rush University Medical Center
A target-specific micelle based biosensor is being developed. The sensor platform encapsulates dye
molecules using micelles, which can be released to amplify ligand-receptor or antibody-antigen
complexes in solution in a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Single-variable modifications
allow for construction of standard curves, which may be superimposed to detect the optimal conditions.
These variables include pH, components of buffer mixture, and concentration of dye molecules. Micelles
are obtained from a simultaneous, ongoing study, but are observed through use of an atomic force
microscope to check for proper shape formulation. The expectation is that the optimized micelles will be
a feasible detector for cell surface biomarker proteins in dengue and HIV viruses from human sera
samples.
42
B01
Determining Heat Load of Infrared Laser Radiation through Direct and Side-Firing Optical Fibers
Presenter(s)
Lisa Akintilo, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Megan Wu, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Agnella Matic, Northwestern University
Suhrud Rajguru, Northwestern University
Claus-Peter Richter, Northwestern University
Contemporary cochlear implants use electrical currents to stimulate neurons. Current spread in tissue
makes spatially selective stimulation difficult. Infrared neural stimulation is an alternative method that
may increase the number of independent channels at the implant electrode. Each laser pulse delivered to
tissue deposits heat, which may cause thermal damage. The goal of our study was to determine how to
minimize radiant energy and find the maximum pulse rate of a laser used in this stimulation method.
Thermochromic ink was used as an indicator of temperature change. It was mixed into an agarose
solution. Once gelled, it modeled cochlear tissue. The agar was irradiated through a direct and angled
fiber. Videos of single-pulse and repetitive radiation using a direct fiber were captured and analyzed using
a custom-written MATLAB program. Direct laser videos indicated that single-pulse radiation caused a
narrow, cylindrical-shaped beam profile, while the repetitive radiation caused a wide, circular beam
profile. Side-firing laser videos indicated that due to the reflective properties of air-glass-water interfaces
there is additional radiation in a direction opposite the desired tissue. Our study shows that use of a sidefiring
fiber in a cochlear implant has potential, but its excess stimulation demonstrates a need for
improvement.
B02
Exploring the Effects of Adhesion and Programmed Cell Death on Tissue Morphogenesis
Presenter(s)
Ramya Babu, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jie Liang, University of Illinois at Chicago
Hammad Naveed, University of Illinois at Chicago
Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is an important component in the development of many multicellular
organisms. Cells die in response to a variety of stimuli and during apoptosis they do so in a
controlled, regulated fashion. The goal in this investigation was to explore the effects of cell adhesion and
apoptosis on tissue morphogenesis by incorporating it into an existing computer program that simulated
the growth of Drosophila cell tissue. The first step was to incorporate cell-to-cell adhesion in the
simulation. At this point in the study, incorporating apoptosis into the same program has been completed.
Simulation runs showed clearly that cell adhesion had no effect on the geometric pattern of the cells
within Drosophila tissue. The percentage of cells with different edge counts did not show any noticeable
difference between simulations that included adhesion and those that did not. The effect of apoptosis is
still being studied through simulation runs.
43
B03
Design of Genetic Sequences Encoding a Matrix Metalloproteinase-2-Degradable Synthetic
Recombinant Protein
Presenter(s)
Yiyun Cao, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jason Buhrman, University of Illinois at Chicago
Richard Gemeinhart, University of Illinois at Chicago
Mary Tang, University of Illinois at Chicago
Protein-engineered biomaterials are a promising possibility for targeted drug therapy against glioblastoma
multiforme, a highly invasive brain tumor that causes the overactivation of matrix-metalloproteinases
(MMPs). When MMPs encounter a recombinant protein polymer scaffold consisting of repeating units of
MMP cleavage sites, the scaffold will be degraded, releasing the chemotherapeutic agents contained
within. In this study, the sequence for the protein polymer was generated using primer extension
polymerase chain reaction (PCR), ligated into a cloning vector, and transformed into Escherichia coli.
PCR was then performed on extracted DNA to add the desired restriction enzyme sites, after which the
insert was isolated by digestion in preparation for ligation into an expression vector. Sequences consisting
of up to five repeats were confirmed to have been created and prepared for restriction enzyme digestion.
This result demonstrates that primer extension PCR is a viable, novel method for the expedited creation of
polymer protein genes. In the future, this method will be used to generate sequences of various lengths in
order to determine the optimal length for protein gelling and formation of a scaffold that may become an
effective treatment for brain tumors.
B04
An Ideal Inbred Line of Maize Useful for Producing Transgenic Maize via Micro Projectile-
Mediated Gene Transfer Using Meristemic Tissue
Presenter(s)
Sharon Duval, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Eric Johnson, USDA-ARS
The reproductive organs of a plant cell are found in the second layer of the shoot apical meristem. A
genetic transformation of meristem tissue would result in a gene transformation that would be passed
down to further generations. Seeds were germinated in MS medium and placed on ML1G1 plates for
callus induction. After visible callus induction occurred, the plates were transferred to ML1C2 medium.
Thus far in the investigation, B104 is a strong inbred line of maize that successfully produced callus
material.
44
B05
Genetic Testing Ontology Construction
Presenter(s)
Eric Huang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Simon Lin, Northwestern University
Genetic tests have advanced greatly in terms of availability and popularity in recent years. Several
companies now offer consumers affordable tests that can link single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), a
type of genetic mutation, to risks for diseases, traits, and ancestry. The purpose of this study was to
construct a genetic testing ontology to facilitate effective communication between parties involved in
genetic testing and as a reference for researchers in the field. First, background research was conducted to
understand the central concepts involved in genetic testing. A general structure for the ontology was
planned through the drafting of a flowchart. The ontology, constructed using the Protégé 4 software,
features concepts such as genes, diseases, SNPs, and genotypes. This ontology only serves as a
framework and will be continually amended in the future to take into account new developments in the
field of genetic testing. One proposed method of more efficiently constructing the ontology is to use data
mining in order to gather information, instead of manually researching and inserting it into the ontology.
In the future, a more complete ontology could be implemented in a search engine that allows consumers
to investigate relationships between genetic testing results and their implications.
B06
Polystyrene Coating of Microfluidic Devices to Reduce Absorption
Presenter(s)
Nilesh Kavthekar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
David Thomas Eddington, University of Illinois at Chicago
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a biocompatible and moldable material frequently used for microfluidic
experiments, but is also hydrophobic and porous, and thus absorbs small particles in its fluid channels.
Thin film coating of PDMS with polystyrene (PS) in toluene solution was optimized to best minimize the
absorption of these particles. The channels of standard dual Y-channel PDMS devices were spin coated
with PS solution at variable spin speeds and PS solution concentrations. The device coatings were tested
by flushing rhodamine, a fluorescent, hydrophobic dye, through the channel and quantifying penetration
of the PS coat using ultraviolet imaging. The findings showed that only devices of the highest
concentration tested, 5% solution, significantly reduced rhodamine absorption when compared to control
devices (which lacked PS coating). It was observed that coatings of 5% PS concentration significantly
reduced channel width while lower concentrations did not coat the channel completely. The spin speed of
the coating did not significantly influence coating effectiveness. It was concluded that only using 5% PS
solution when spin coating PDMS would provide coats effective for reducing absorption, but would still
cause significant channel variation. Solutions in the range of 0.5% to 5% PS concentration should be
further investigated for viable coating.
45
B07
Development and Evaluation of a Prosthetic Ankle that Mechanically Adapts to Sloped Surfaces
Presenter(s)
Samuel Kwak, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Stefania Fatone, Northwestern University
Ankle adaptability is lost when a person with transtibial amputation uses a commercially-available
prosthetic ankle, causing stress on leg joints, especially when walking on slopes. This calls for a
prosthetic ankle that mimics the adaptability of a normal human ankle. A prosthetic ankle prototype that
mechanically adapts to sloped surfaces, fitted on a subject with transtibial amputations, walked across
level ground and a 5° ramp with his non-adapting prosthetic ankles and the prototype adaptable ankle.
Skin-mounted markers were used to record the three-dimensional position of various joints. OrthoTrak
and Matlab software were used to generate lower limb joint angles and moments. The subject answered
two questionnaires regarding balance confidence and mobility. When using the adaptable ankle, ankle
motion increased for all walking conditions, knee and hip flexion decreased when going uphill, and a
greater change in set-point on sloped surfaces compared to the non-adapting ankle. The subject reported
having better mobility, but lower balance confidence than his non-adapting prosthetic ankles. Lack of
balance confidence may be due to an infrequent slipping of the clutch mechanism within the adaptable
ankle that reduced performance reliability. Further verification of these results and a redesign of the ankle
to address performance reliability are required.
B08
Effect of Mechanical Forces and Cleavage Plane Orientation on Epithelial Geometry and Topology
Presenter(s)
Madhav Mohandas, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jie Liang, University of Illinois at Chicago
Epithelial geometry and topology is known to be conserved among many diverse groups of organisms.
The dominance of hexagons in simple epithelial sheets has been observed since the start of the twentieth
century. This distribution is also thought to have functional importance in the regulation of
morphogenesis and prevention of cancer formation. Several models that simulate the process of epithelial
morphogenesis have been proposed in the past, which show that this distribution is a direct result of cell
proliferation. These models however, are biologically unrealistic and have many constraints. Here, we
propose a mechanical model that takes into account cell shape, size, and cleavage plane orientation to
accurately simulate the process of cell proliferation. We are able to achieve a very high percentage of
hexagons, characteristic of plant epithelia, which was previously thought to be not possible. Our model
proves that cleavage plane orientation and the forces that act on a cell both have a high influence in the
patterns that govern epithelium. This model stands as an improvement on previous geometric and
topological models for simulating proliferating epithelia.
46
B09
Electric Potentials Along Proteins and Their Effects on Ion Movement
Presenter(s)
Navdeep Singh, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Namrata Pandya, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Phadmakar Patankar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Proteins found in living organisms act on specific substrates in biologically significant ways based on
amino acid sequence. The amino acids comprising a protein become charged in solutions of differing
acidity, and as a result give the protein a net distribution of charge that affects the ways in which it
interacts with its substrate. By analyzing the electrical field lines generated by these charges, electrostatic
forces acting on nearby ions are found. Through the use of computer models, motion of these ions is
predicted and compared with the location of structural motifs of any given protein. The organization of
amino acid sequences and associated charges has been programmed, and three-dimensional coordinates of
proteins are being determined. Through the use of displacement vectors and field equations, electrostatic
force vectors have been computed for a given set of charges and ions, and preliminary effects of charge
on ion motion have been calculated. From this, it can be seen that the organization of charge along a
protein directs an ion in solution to specific locations. Based on this principle, computer aided drug
design and biochemical research can predict and analyze structures of various proteins and modify them
based on electrostatic parameters.
B10
Surface Behaviors of HT-29 Colon Cancer Cells on P-/E-Selectin and Anti-EpCAM
Presenter(s)
Sydney Valero, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Seungpyo Hong, University of Illinois at Chicago
Ja Myung, University of Illinois at Chicago
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) interact with the endothelium in blood vessels during metastasis, causing
CTC extravasation via a physiological process called cell rolling. When a cell circulates in a blood vessel,
its ligands on the cell surface bind with the receptors of an endothelial cell. This binding is weak and
cannot hold the cell against the blood flow. Instead, the cell rolls along the blood vessel wall, making and
breaking multiple interactive bonds. To identify the interaction of HT-29 colon cancer cells with
endothelial cells, biomimetic surfaces were functionalized with P- and E-selectin proteins, which induce
different responses in HT-29. Faster rolling velocities occur on P-selectin than on E-selectin. In
comparison, HT-29 cells showed stationary binding on anti-EpCAM-immobilized surfaces because of
strong bindings of cancer cell antibodies to epithelial cell adhesion molecules. An understanding of
cellular responses on various adhesive proteins is the first step towards developing a CTC detection
device.
47
B11
Virtual Representation of the Human Central Nervous System
Presenter(s)
Candice Yi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Andreas Linninger, University of Illinois at Chicago
Currently, it is difficult to predict how drugs will distribute within the human body to alleviate central
nervous system (CNS) diseases. To create better predictions, a three dimensional model of the
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space around the human spinal was created in addition to a model of the human
brain. This model will be used for future simulations of drug delivery. This model was also exported into
a virtual reality environment where any user can interact with the three dimensional model to better
understand the complex architecture and estimate drug injection locations. This work may eventually lead
towards effective treatment options for patients suffering from brain diseases using computational
models. The model will help students learn about the CNS anatomy, and the virtual world will also enable
users to visualize the complex flow patterns of the CSF within the CNS.
C01
The Expression of Ecotropic Virus Integration Site-1 in Seven Cancer Cell Lines
Presenter(s)
Wendy Bindeman, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Donald Dosch, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
The ecotropic virus integration site-1 (EVI1) gene is a transcriptional repressor implicated in the control
of cell proliferation and frequently over-expressed in cancerous cells. I investigated the expression of this
gene across seven cancer cell lines of varying morphologies. The tested lines included myeloid leukemia
lines Kasumi-3, U-937, MOLT-4, and CEM; breast cancer line MCF-7; colorectal cancer line HT-29; and
glioblastoma line M059K. Kasumi-3 and HT-29 are documented to have high EVI1 expression. Protein
concentrations were normalized with respect to actin using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and
Western blotting. Western blots used to test for expression of the target protein, EVI1, have shown one
unidentified band present in HT-29, though no consistent differences in expression have been detected
among the other lines. The expression of this protein may be below the detection threshold of this blotting
system, making visualization of the protein difficult. Currently, the concentrations are being renormalized
with respect to actin. Following this normalization, final EVI1 blots will be conducted.
48
C02
The Function of Sox5 in the Neural Crest
Presenter(s)
Kamila Bond, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Carole LaBonne, Northwestern University
Kara Nordin, Northwestern University
Sox5 is a gene that codes for a transcription factor that regulates the development of the neural crest, a
migratory cell population which differentiates into diverse groups of important cells in vertebrates. In this
experiment, a domain that allows for dimerization called the coiled-coil domain, was removed to
determine the effect on the neural crest. Xenopus laevis embryos were injected with Sox5 mRNA lacking
the coiled-coil domain and analyzed for changes in the extent of neural crest development. We found that
embryos injected with Sox5 deletion construct mRNA, had a massive increase in ectopic Sox9 expression
within the Xenopus laevis embryos. In stark contrast to this, when wild type Sox5 is injected into
embryos, a reduction in Sox9 expression is visualized in Xenopus laevis embryos. Sox9 is a member of
the SoxE family of proteins that is critical in determining chondrocyte, glial cell, and melanocyte cell
populations. This data suggests that dimeric Sox5 (wild type) represses Sox9 expression whereas when
the dimerization domain is deleted the repression is alleviated.
C03
Comparing E-cadherin Expression in Cancer Cells with Different Degrees of Invasiveness Using
Immunofluorescence
Presenter(s)
Sonya Dave, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Carol Gu, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Megan Schrementi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Recent studies investigating the correlation between tumor invasiveness and the expression of E-cadherin
in cancer cells show conflicting results. In two studies, the glycoprotein E-cadherin, which allows cell-tocell
adhesion, was completely removed from the cell line. The first study showed that E-cadherin
contributes to the inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) phenotype. The second study suggested E-cadherin
loss enables the invasive phenotype of breast cancer, showing that E-cadherin is crucial in suppressing
cancer progression. Our study compares the expression of E-cadherin in the IBC cell line MCF-7 and the
lymphoblastic cell line CEM to determine if a high degree of E-cadherin affects cancer invasiveness.
Adherent MCF-7 cells and non-adherent CEM cells were sustained using standard cell culture procedures.
In immunofluorescent staining, a fluorescently marked secondary antibody binds to the primary antibody,
which binds to the E-cadherin. The fluorescence emitted by the secondary antibody indicates the amount
of E-cadherin present in the cells. The benefit of this research will be a more specific understanding of
cancer progression. We expect that our immunofluorescence results will help determine the relationship
between E-cadherin and cancer cell invasiveness.
49
C04
The Effects of Hypoxia on Human Dermal Fibroblasts
Presenter(s)
Xin (Danny) Ding, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Megan Schrementi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Despite our world's medical advancements, some wounds do not heal without leaving behind scars.
Deciphering the mechanism through which dermal fibroblasts aid in the dermis healing process will
improve wound healing outcomes. The scab that forms on top of a wound functions to protect the wound
from infesting pathogens as well as create a hypoxic (low oxygen levels) environment. This experiment
will test the effect of hypoxia on dermal fibroblasts. Using an in vitro cell culture of dermal fibroblasts
and performing scratch assays will imitate wound formation and as a result, wound healing. By
comparing the growth and migration of dermal fibroblasts in hypoxia and normoxia, I can measure the
effects of hypoxia on these cells. I expect there to be a faster migration towards and across the wound
when the cells are in hypoxia compared to those in normoxia. In addition, I expect the cells in hypoxia to
divide faster than the cells in normoxia. If after counting cells (cell growth) and reviewing the pictures of
the wounds (cell migration), and both of these increase, then I can conclude that dermal fibroblasts work
more efficiently under hypoxia, and wound healing will be more efficient under hypoxia.
C05
The Effect of 2-Cyano-3,12-Dioxooleana-1,9(11)-Dien-28-Oic Acid (CDDO) on Transforming
Growth Factor-ß Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in A549 Lung Epithelial Cells
Presenter(s)
Sruthi Doniparthi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
John Varga, Northwestern University
Jun Wei, Northwestern University
Studies have shown that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) mediates epithelial-mesenchymal
transition (EMT), a process that causes epithelial cells to rapidly differentiate and proliferate into
fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, factors of pulmonary fibrosis. By binding to its receptors, TGF-β induces
Smad2/3 phosphorylation and modulates its target gene expression. A drug, 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-
1,9(11)-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO), shows potential for inhibiting TGF-β's effect on fibroblast
differentiation, and of interest is whether it can inhibit EMT in A549 lung epithelial cells. A549 cells
were cultured in the presence and absence of TGF-β for 24 hours. The epithelial and mesenchyml markers
were measured by real-time qPCR at the mRNA level and by Western blot at the protein level. After
incubation, TGF-β stimulated collagen production by approximately 40-fold showing that EMT was
present. Once CDDO was added, collagen expression was reduced to approximately 20-fold. When
incubated for 30 minutes cells induced by TGF-β in the presence and absence of CDDO, data showed
similar amounts of Smad phosphorylation, which was significantly reduced with CDDO after 24 hours.
The results show that CDDO attenuates the EMT induced by TGF-β in A549 epithelial cells by blocking
Smad phosphorylation.
50
C06
Effects of Modified Murine Runx2 Expression on Embryonic Osteogenesis
Presenter(s)
Xiangyun (Johnny) Duan, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Ming Ding, Rush University Medical Center
Qiping Zheng, Rush University Medical Center
In mammals, endochondral osteogenesis is responsible for long bone formation, and is crucial to fetal
skeletal development. Runx2 plays a major regulatory role in osteoblast differentiation and bone
formation, and its spatial and temporal expression is vital to proper bone formation. Transgenic and
knockout mouse models provided the tools to demonstrate the effects of genetically modified Runx2 in
vivo. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gel electrophoresis indicated mouse genotype using genomic
DNA extracted from the liver, enabling data to be sorted into control and mutant groups. Quantitative
real-time PCR allowed measurement of mRNA levels, which represent gene expression in mutant mice
and their littermate controls. Skeletal staining allowed visual examination, revealing marked differences
in the number of ossification centers, and ossification magnitude. Histological examination of the
epiphyseal plate showed contrast between genotypes in the hypertrophic zone. Statistical analysis with the
unpaired Student's t-test showed significant differences in gene expression between mutant and littermate
control group. The differences shown in the data are supported by histological examination of tissue
samples. The conclusions drawn in this study may have applications in the study of bone disorders, such
as cleidocranial dysplasia or achondroplasia.
C07
The Mediation of Tumor Necrosis Factor by the Tight Junction Protein Occludin
Presenter(s)
Christine Engbretson, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Christopher Weber, University of Chicago
In epithelial cell membranes, various integral proteins form structures called tight junctions which form a
barrier at the intercellular space, and moderate the flux of necessary molecules and ions through
paracellular pathways. One tight junction protein, occludin, appears to be responsible for barrier
modulation by tumor necrosis factor (TNF), an inflammatory cytokine that is increased in diseases, such
as inflammatory bowel disease. In this study, epithelial cells were transfected with occludin siRNA to
create an occludin-knockdown strain; this reduced tight junction barrier function while blocking the
ability of TNF to alter the tight junction barrier. Occludin-knockdown cells were then transfected with a
gene expressing siRNA-resistant occludin tagged with green fluorescent protein which was detected in
post-transfected cells. Expression of occludin restored TER to control levels and restored epithelial
sensitivity to TNF. Therefore, occludin appears to mediate the effect of TNF on tight junction barrier
function.
51
C08
Expression of Recombinant Malarial Parasite Plasmodium falciparum Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase in a
Yeast-Based Screening System and Photometric Assays
Presenter(s)
Lucija Filipac, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Piotr Gornicki, University of Chicago
Robert Haselkorn, University of Chicago
Mosquitoes are constantly developing resistance to commonly used drugs against the malaria parasite
Plasmodium falciparum, creating the need for new, effective drugs that will stop the spread of this deadly
disease. In particular, drugs targeting the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) necessary for parasite
fatty acid synthesis in the liver stage of human infection could prevent the growth of malarial parasites.
To begin in the development of such a drug, my project will accomplish the first step: expression of
recombinant Plasmodium ACC in insect cells and yeast cells, followed up by protein purification and
enzymatic assays. These vectors can then be used as models for the testing of chemical inhibitors of
malaria chosen from chemical libraries. Using a synthesized gene with codons optimized for expression
in insect cells and in yeast, as of yet my experiments have included cutting DNA with restriction
enzymes, separating DNA fragments by gel electrophoresis, ligating DNA together, sequencing DNA
construction to verify its structure, and propagating plasmids in E. coli. The long-term goal of this project,
finding potential chemical inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum, could lead to the development of new
and effective drugs that will fight against malaria.
C09
The Effect of microRNA-200 on Prostate Cancer
Presenter(s)
Hana Fouladi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
James Rea, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Olga Volpert, Northwestern University
In normal prostates, all epithelial cell growth is controlled by testosterone (androgen), which binds and
activates androgen receptor (AR), a transcription factor inside the cells. In prostate cancer, cells fall into
three main categories: androgen-inducible, androgen-independent, and androgen-repressible. Most
therapies available target androgen-inducible cells. These treatments interfere with the making of
testosterone or its activity inside the cells. Although a large portion of the tumor cells die after therapy,
androgen-repressible cells remain and thrive. While we were working in the Volpert lab, the AR anticancer
action was for the first time linked with cellular senescence, which is a special type of cell death.
We identified the molecules turned on by AR, and causing the senescence, as small non-coding RNA,
called microRNA (miRNA). One of the main miRNA induced by AR is miR-200. When introduced in the
prostate cancer cells, called PC-3, that have no AR, it caused senescence. We have generated another
prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP, where we knocked down AR using genetically engineered, safe viral
particles. Now we will introduce miR-200 in these cells. If they die by senescence, it means that miR-200
could be used for the treatment of prostate cancers that are resistant to other therapies.
52
C10
The Effect of a High Fat Diet on Leukotriene B4 Levels in Pancreatic Lesions in Genetically
Altered Mice
Presenter(s)
Nicholas Fung, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Kevin Adrian, Northwestern University
Paul Grippo, Northwestern University
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), a product of arachidonic acid (an omega-6 fatty acid) metabolism employing 5-
lipoxygenase (5-Lox), is a commonly found leukotriene within the pancreas, often associated with
inflammation and the propagation of cancer cells. Past studies have found high levels of LTB4 in cancer
cells and that absence of LTB4 in cultured cells induced apoptosis. In pursuit of further understanding of
LTB4's role in carcinogenesis, genetically altered mice with induced pancreatic precancer lesions were
fed diets high in omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids for 12 and 16 months. We hypothesized that the mice
that were exposed to an omega-6 diet would have higher serum levels of LTB4 than mice administered
omega-3 enriched diets. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we calculated the amount of
LTB4 levels within the mice. In the 12 month FVB6 mice, we observed lower levels of LTB4 in mice
given omega-3 than those given the control and omega-6 diets. However, this effect was not observed in
El-Kras mice, as the levels were similar throughout all three groups. This seems to suggest that expression
of mutant Kras confers resistance to the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on LTB4 levels, which is a
direction of a future study.
C11
The Scientific Basis of Disease in Media: Werewolves, Vampires, and Zombies
Presenter(s)
Mukesh Gande, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Kyle Glasper, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Sowmya Anjur, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Throughout history, there are examples of myths involving terrifying creatures, based on the strange
symptoms of diseases that the people of the time were unable to offer explanations about. A careful
examination of these myths shows that there is some truth behind the legends, and indeed a scientific
basis for the formerly inexplicable diseases. In this study we investigated the connection between the
portrayal of vampires, werewolves and zombies to their corresponding diseases through an analysis of
peer-reviewed articles, movies and historical evidence. Through our research, we found that there was not
much of a connection between werewolves and hypertrichosis which only matched the physical, but not
the mental description of a werewolf. As for vampires and the porphyria diseases, there's some truth in the
history behind vampires but there is not a significant amount of evidence. In recent history, the symptoms
of porphyria have appeared in media, such as photosensitivity, but there are no documented occurrences
before the twentieth century. Zombies have a distinct connection to science with tetrodotoxins, which is
sometimes referenced to as "zombie powder." In conclusion, connections exist between disease
discovered in recent history and representation in media.
53
C12
Characterization of Genetic Pathways Leading to Therapy-Related Acute Myeloid Leukemia with
Abnormalities of Chromosome Five
Presenter(s)
Andrew Go, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Michelle LeBeau, University of Chicago
Angela Stoddart, University of Chicago
Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML), a complication of chemotherapy used for treating
cancers, is often characterized by a deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5 (5q). In order to identify
genes that may cooperate with Egr1 haploinsufficiency, a gene located in the deleted segment of 5q, we
conducted a retroviral mutagenesis screen, which identified a candidate gene, Evi1. Previously, we cloned
retroviral integrations upstream of Evi1 in several Egr1 heterozygous (Egr1+/-) mice. We developed a
polymerase chain reaction method to easily test for integration in myeloid neoplasms in more mice. Evi1
expression was elevated in 16/33 (48%) of Egr1+/- mice, but only 5/17 (29%) of Egr1 wildtype mice, due
to retroviral insertions in most cases. We next wanted to determine if haploinsufficiency of Egr1 and high
Evi1 levels cooperate to promote proliferation and self renewal of hematopoietic stem cells. We
performed a serial replating assay and found that more colonies grew when Egr1 levels were decreased
and Evi1 expression was high. In t-AML, Evi1 is likely a cooperating cancer gene, with haploinsufficient
Egr1, since our in vitro data suggests that Evi1 expression is increased in Egr1+/- diseased mice and selfrenewal
of Evi1-expressing progenitors may be enhanced by haploinsufficiency of Egr1.
C13
Pro-Inflammatory Regulatory T-cell Expression of a Foxp3 Splice Variant
Presenter(s)
Webster Guan, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Khashayarsha Khazaie, Northwestern University
In humans, regulatory T-cells (Tregs) express a Foxp3 isoform, characterized by a splice excision of exon
2, a region that inhibits the expression of RORgt, a transcription factor that drives IL-17 in proinflammatory
Tregs. In mice with polyps, Tregs express RORgt, and therefore we hypothesize that these
Tregs have a similar splice variation of exon 2. We first verified that Tregs from polyp-bearing mice
produce IL-17 while healthy Tregs do not, by transferring these cells into lymphopenic mice and
following the transferred cells in vivo. We detected the transferred cells in the small bowel of recipient
mice and found increased production of IL-17 in the Foxp3 donor cells derived from polyp-bearing mice,
whereas Foxp3 donor cells from healthy mice failed to produce any IL-17. Second, we harvested cDNA
from Tregs from polyp-bearing mice and used polymerase chain reaction to detect the presence of exon 2.
We detected no exon 2 splice variant of the cDNA in the Tregs from either healthy or polyp-bearing mice
by submitting the cDNA to PCR amplification of the region of interest, but quantitatitve PCR data is still
pending. In conclusion, our data suggests that pro-inflammatory Tregs do not express the splice variant.
54
C14
DNA Sequencing Protocol
Presenter(s)
Eaton Guo, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jamie Tweedle, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
DNA sequencing is used to find the order of the nucleotide bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine
in a sequence of DNA. This technique is used for many medical and research applications, such as the
profiling of gene expression. Currently the investigation has been trying to develop a protocol for the
DNA sequencer that students of IMSA and Illinois may use. So far experiments have been conducted
using DNA isolated from different sources such as plant and human as well as different methods of
extracting DNA in order to determine one procedure that will yield the most effective and successful
results, as well as one that will be appropriate enough for students to follow and learn. Results at this
point, however, have been inconclusive due to various problems analyzing data and getting good
sequencing results. In the process, however, much has been learned much about the scientific process and
working with DNA and lab work. In the near future, hopefully the investigation will yield good results on
the sequences so that an effective procedure may be finalized for biology students to learn how DNA
sequencing works and the processes involved.
C15
The Effects of Sanitizers on the Survival of Stressed Salmonella enteritidis on Shelled Eggs
Presenter(s)
Dorcas Huang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jill Vogan, Illinois Institute of Technology
Wei Zhang, Illinois Institute of Technology
All eggs must be sprayed with an approved sanitizer before distribution. However, recent outbreaks of
illness caused by Salmonella enteritidis have been traced to the contamination of shelled eggs. The goal
of this investigation was to examine the effects of a chlorine-based oxidative disinfectant, and a
quaternary ammonium compound, on Salmonella enteritidis on eggshells. Eggs were inoculated with
stationary phase Salmonella enteritidis suspended in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and then dipped
into a 200 ppm bleach sanitizer, 400 ppm bleach sanitizer, 200 ppm quaternary ammonium compound, or
400 ppm quaternary ammonium compound. Each shell was washed with PBS, and shell wash solutions
were diluted and plated on xylose lysine deoxycholate agar. After incubation, the number of colony
forming units on each plate was counted, and the total amount of bacteria on the egg was calculated. No
significant difference was found between the two types of sanitizers. The amount of bacteria on eggs
treated with 200 ppm bleach, 200 ppm quaternary ammonium, and 400 ppm quaternary ammonium
decreased, however the reduction was less than expected. The results indicated that the sanitizers used
were ineffective. The bacteria were also stressed prior to experimentation, which would activate the
stress-induced response genes in the bacteria.
55
C16
A Comparison of Activity Budgets and Exhibit Usage of Western Lowland Gorillas
Presenter(s)
Brielle James, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Debra Kutska, Brookfield Zoo
Western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) are an endangered gorilla species native to Central
Africa. The wild gorillas' day consists of waking, morning feeding, resting, afternoon feeding, sleeping,
and moving throughout the bush. A behavioral study of Brookfield Zoo's gorilla troop was created to
analyze exhibit space usage and whether behavior varied between individuals and time of day. Individual
activity budgets and exhibit usage of six gorillas were compared. Individual gorillas were observed for 45
minute sessions, using focal scan sampling with one minute increments. Specific behaviors, defined by an
ethogram, were recorded along with the exhibit area being used. Data analysis showed that resting is the
main activity for adults, but not juveniles. Expectantly, juveniles were also observed engaging in a larger
variety of activities than adults. Females were seen self-grooming more often than males. Additionally,
time of day was found to have no major effect on behavior - resting and feeding are the first and second
most common activities no matter the time. The exhibit-usage paired activity budgets may provide a
better understanding of gorilla behavior for keeper staff and the analysis of troop's behavior may enhance
the guest experience, outlining times of day when the gorillas are most active.
C17
Cell Starvation in Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells and the Initiation of Apoptosis in Eukaryotes
Presenter(s)
Lakshmi Katta, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Rhyston Mays, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Donald Dosch, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Cells require a variety of nutrients in order to sustain life. This experiment explores the effect of
starvation on both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. E. coli cells were starved in solutions of M9 salts
media that contained dilutions of an essential salt, disodium phosphate. In the first trial, E. coli cells
showed a decline in growth in greater dilutions of disodium phosphate, but the media contained a
precipitate that could have altered the rate of bacterial growth. The eukaryotic cells were grown in RPMI-
1640 and starved by diluting the concentration of fetal calf serum. Numbers of cells after a week's growth
increased roughly proportional to the fetal calf serum concentration until 15%, but the number decreased
at 20% for both U-937 and CEM. Western blot analysis of U-937, CEM, and MCF-7, grown in different
concentrations of FCS, are in progress to determine if apoptosis was initiated.
56
C18
Differential Effects of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors on the Acetylation of Tubulin on Human
Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Cultures
Presenter(s)
Yoo (Jenny) Kim, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Jongmin Lee, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Susan McCormick, University of Chicago
In the United States, many patients who are diagnosed with renal disease require hemodialysis, a
procedure, which utilizes arterio-venous grafts. However, 60.7 percent of all arterio-venous graft results
in failure. The cost for revision of these arterio-venous grafts for the United States is over 1 billion dollars
per year. The majority of these graft failures are caused by stenosis with the underlying cause being
intimal hyperplasia. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have recently been utilized to treat cancer.
Research has shown that the HDACi inhibits proliferation of cancer cells. In this study, human vascular
smooth muscle cells were treated with two different HDACis, MS-275 and Vorinostat. Vorinostat, a pan
inhibitor, inhibits all histone deacetylases while MS-275 preferentially inhibits HDAC1. Western blot
analysis showed that these drugs differentially affected the acetylation of tubulin. These results will be
beneficial in determining which HDACi will be most preferable in the treatment of intimal hyperplasia.
C19
The Role of Dendritic Cells in the Development of Pro-Inflammatory T-Regulatory Cells in
Colorectal Cancer
Presenter(s)
Hannah Koo, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Khashayarsha Khazaie, Northwestern University
Studies have shown that the Tregs present in APC mice, a mouse model of polyposis, fail to control the
pre-cancerous polyp formation while the dendritic cells (DC), which function to drive T cell activation
and differentiation, express high levels of pro-inflammatory surface molecules. In order to establish a
correlation between these two subtypes and their phenotypes in cancer, we used immunofluorescence
staining and microscopy. We first harvested and created frozen sections of the small bowel of both
healthy and polyposis mice and prepared serial sections using a cryostat. These slides were co-stained
with combinations of antibodies, including IL-17 and FoxP3 to verify the presence of pro-inflammatory
Tregs, CD11c and FoxP3 to verify the close proximity of resident DCs and Tregs, or CD11c and OX40L
to verify the presence of pro-inflammatory DCs. We used TissueGnostics to systematically photograph
the samples for subsequent fluorochrome analysis. Our analysis has just recently begun, and we predict
our data will suggest the close proximity of pro-inflammatory dendritic cells with pro-inflammatory Tregs
in polyposis. Our preliminary results suggest a higher frequency of co-localized IL-17 and FoxP3. Once
investigated further, the conclusion of this study would lead to a heightened understanding of the
strangely dysfunctional immune response to cancer.
57
C20
MMS21 Reduction in HCT116 Cancer Cells Results in Hypersensitivity to Camptothecin
Presenter(s)
Jacob Lahr, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Amanda Sul, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Connie Wang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Nathan Ellis, University of Illinois at Chicago
Alex Kwako, University of Illinois at Chicago
Homologous recombination (HR) is a high fidelity mechanism used to repair double strand breaks (DSB)
in DNA. The MMS21 protein is a SUMO E3 ligase protein that functions in HR. In this investigation, we
used small interfering RNA to knock down MMS21 and tested the efficiency of the HR repair pathway in
cancer cells. We treated HCT 116 colon cancer cells with the DNA damaging agent, camptothecin (CPT),
which generates DSBs. Each concentration was plated separately and cell survival was calculated by cell
colony count. The cloning efficiency at each concentration of CPT was divided by the no treatment
cloning efficiency to create a standard efficiency percentage, which was comparable between the four
trials. Preliminary analysis of the data suggests that MMS21 deficiency results in higher CPT-induced cell
death rate. Cells with reduced MMS21 exhibited 28% less colony formation efficiency than the negative
control. The lower efficiency of colony formation in cells with reduced MMS21 indicates a
hypersensitivity to DSBs generated by CPT. These data suggest that MMS21 plays an important role in
DSB repair. Further studies should test whether the hypersensitivity of cells with reduced MMS21 to CPT
is caused by a defect in HR repair.
C21
The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Regulation of MYCN in Neuroblastoma
Presenter(s)
Nolan Maloney, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Naohiko Ikegaki, University of Illinois at Chicago
Xao Tang, University of Illinois at Chicago
Neuroblastoma is a childhood cancer, and amplification of the MYCN proto-oncogene is associated with
the worst outcome of this disease. As MYCN amplification leads to its over-expression, high-level
expression of MYCN is thought to cause aggressive tumor behavior. By using Western blot analysis, we
have identified compounds (FCCP, OSU-03012 and salinomycin,) that destabilize MYCN protein in
neuroblastoma cells. Notably, ascorbic acid, an anti-oxidant, abolishes the effect of these compounds on
MYCN stability. Our recent data also suggest that a common effect of the above compounds appears to be
the inhibition of mitochondrial function. It is known that inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative
phosphorylation increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide,
hydroxyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide. Anti-oxidants are known to quench ROS. Subsequently, we
have found that forced over-expression of pVHL, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, in neuroblastoma cells results in
reduction of MYCN protein levels. Together these data suggest that the effect of the above compounds on
MYCN stability is mediated by ROS and that pVHL is potentially involved in MYCN degradation
initiated by ROS generation. This research will enhance our understanding of the functions of MYCN and
pVHL, laying groundwork for therapeutic strategies against neuroblastoma.
58
C22
Auditory, Olfactory, and Pheromone Sensing in TRPML3 Deficient Mice
Presenter(s)
Janani Mandayam Comar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Sai Parepally, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Andrew Castiglioni, Northwestern University
Jaime Garcia-Añoveros, Northwestern University
Natalie Remis, Northwestern University
TRPML3, a member of the transient receptor potential mucolipin subfamily, is an inwardly-rectifying
Ca2+-permeable cation channel. A gain-of-function mutation of this gene results in the deafness and
vestibular defects in the Varitint-waddler mouse. Consequently, it has been hypothesized that TRPML3
mediates auditory transduction. Reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction,
immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization data confirm cochlear expression and show significant
signal in the olfactory epithelium and vomeronasal organ-sensory organs responsible for auditory,
olfactory, and pheromone sensing respectively. Auditory measures and behavioral tests were used to
detect defects in hearing, pheromone-mediate behavior, and olfaction. We find no differences in overall
behavior; however, the Trpml3-/- mice fail to exhibit decreased latency to attack upon pheromone
exposure, which is observed in Trpml3+/+ counterparts. Furthermore, we find that TRPML3 is not
essential for auditory function, but hearing threshold levels suggest a subtle, frequency-independent
auditory defect. Lastly, the olfactory test showed no difference between Trpml3-/- and Trpml3+/+ mice,
indicating that Trpml3 is not essential for smell.
C23
Estrogen as an Initiator of Breast Cancer
Presenter(s)
Lydia Matthews, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Robert Chatterton, Northwestern University
Seema Khan, Northwestern University
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers among women in the United States. Endogenous
estradiol may promote breast cancer by increasing proliferation. We hypothesize that catechol estrogen
metabolites, which accumulate in the breast, are capable of bringing about errors in DNA synthesis by
oxidative stress and increase in the rate of DNA synthesis. Thus, the resulting mutations may initiate
breast cancer. The mRNA expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) will provide a measure
of the effect of the estrogens on proliferation. The relationship between estrogens and PCNA will be
adjusted statistically for the potentially opposing effects of NRF-1/2, MnSOD, BTG2, and TP53. In order
to investigate the expression patterns of these five genes between high and low-risk group of women, we
have been extracting total RNA from random fine needle aspirate specimens from the two groups, and
checking concentration and quality of eluted RNA, using the a Norgen Biotek purification lit. RNA has
been significantly degraded with RNA integrity numbers less than five. By running reverse transcriptasepolymerase
chain reaction assays, we will be able to determine if the DNA has been mutated, which
would suggest that these metabolites create errors in the DNA and that estrogen may play a role in
initiating breast cancer.
59
C24
The Effect of Ranolazine on T-Tubule Organization, Heart Disease, and Excitation-Contraction
Reactions
Presenter(s)
Thitipong Mongkolrattanothai, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Mahendra Reddy, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
James Kelly, Northwestern University
Amanda Nahhas, Northwestern University
Matthew O'Toole, Northwestern University
Andrew Wasserstrom, Northwestern University
The organizational index value states how close to perfectly straight and evenly spaced the T-tubules of a
heart muscle cell are organized. The organizational index study was based on the hypothesis that Ttubules
of a cell become less organized, and eventually disappear, as the development of heart failure
occurs. The organizational index was found through analysis of cells from a confocal microscope and the
software programs, ImageJ and MatLab. The data showed that an increase in the number of cells with low
T-tubule organization values corresponded with the progression of heart failure. A drug called ranolazine
is currently used to treat chest pain but may actually present a medical breakthrough. The effect of this
drug on the heart was studied mainly through organizational index calculations and echocardiograms.
Initial results suggest that ranolazine affects the development of heart failure by increasing the intensity of
the late sodium ion wave in the T-tubule cell. The increased intensity wave helps the heart return to its
completely relaxed state and prevents the heart from having to work harder with each excitationcontraction
cycle. In rat heart, this slows the progression of heart failure and hypertrophy, an increase in
cell size. The discoveries revealed by this study show that ranolazine could be the key to slowing or
preventing the progression of heart failure, and therefore, could be a drug which will improve
cardiovascular health in the human population.
60
C25
The Effect of Fructo-Oligosaccharide on the Growth of Bacillus coagulans Under Conditions
Similar to Those Found in the Digestive Tract
Presenter(s)
Christine Mourafetis, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Megan Schrementi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
This study focused on the effectiveness of fructo-oligosaccharide in aiding the growth of Bacillus
coagulans, an endospore-forming probiotic found in the human intestine. Previous research has shown
that fructo-oligosaccharide significantly increases the growth of other probiotics, such as various strains
of Lactobacilli, in environments similar to those found in the digestive tract, but research is lacking on
endospore-forming probiotics. The effectiveness of fructo-oligosaccharide on B. coagulans was tested by
cultivating the bacteria with and without fructo-oligosaccharide in solutions similar to intestinal juice and
measuring the bacterial concentration. The effect of fructo-oligosaccharide on the rate of spore
germination was measured by heat-treating bacterial samples with and without fructo-oligosaccharide and
measuring the bacterial concentration after the spore germination. The bacterial concentrations of all
samples were measured with a Spectrophotometer 20. In both experiments, there was positive correlation
in bacterial growth between the samples with and without fructo-oligosaccharide. Based on the results,
fructo-oligosaccharide exhibits no positive or negative effect on the growth of B. coagulans under
conditions found in the digestive tract, or on the rate of endospore germination. Though fructooligosaccharide
positively affects growth of non-endospore-forming probiotics, no effect was found on
the growth rate of B. coagulans.
C26
Vimentin is Required for Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Metastasis
Presenter(s)
Cassie Parks, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Martha Kidd, Northwestern University
Karen Ridge, Northwestern University
Vimentin, an intermediate filament that constitutes a cell's cytoskeleton, is known to be a facilitator of
cell migration. Here, the role of vimentin in non-small cell lung cancer metastasis was studied in terms of
migration and invasion. The Boyden Chamber Assay was used to measure the directional invasive
properties of cells through a porous membrane plated with Matrigel, a synthetic basement membrane.
Fetal bovine serum (10%) was used as a chemoattractant. The assay was run for 24 hours on four
different cell lines: A549, vimentin-null A549, H460, and vimentin-null H460. Western blot analysis,
however, showed that the total expression of vimentin protein was unchanged between the cell lines.
A549 cells have assembled vimentin filaments, where H460 cells have disassembled vimentin, which was
shown through immunoflourescent confocal microscopy. The rate of invasiveness was 10% in A549 cells,
0.4% in H460 cells, and 0.7% and 0.5% in vimentin-null A549 and H460 cells, respectively. These results
show that vimentin, particularly assembled vimentin, is required for cancer cell invasion and migration in
non-small cell lung carcinoma cells.
61
C27
Role of Phosphoinositide 3'-Kinase C2β in Intersectin-Mediated Signaling in Neuroblastoma
Presenter(s)
Irina Pushel, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
John O'Bryan, University of Illinois at Chicago
Intersectin is a protein centrally involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and survival, and has been
observed to play a significant role in the AKT signaling pathway. It has likewise been shown to interact
with phosphoinositide 3'-kinase class 2beta (PI3K C2β), however the question remains of whether this is
the specific PI3K involved in AKT regulation. By using shRNA to knock out PI3K C2β-expresisng genes
in neuroblastoma cells, the effects of this particular PI3K and its interaction with intersectin (ITSN) can
be studied in detail. Throughout the course of this investigation, knockout shRNA was designed and
ordered for three different PI3K oligos, then successfully cloned into the vector pSUPER, and prepared
for preliminary transfection into human embryonic 293T cells. These, together with the IMR-5
neuroblastoma cells, will be used to determine the effects of PI3K C2β and its interaction with ITSN as
well as their role in AKT signaling and cell proliferation. Experimentation will continue within these two
cell lines and in vivo expression of proteins will be monitored, as well as in vitro observation on the
effects of neuroblastoma in tumors of mice with a protein knocked out.
C28
Examining the Functionality of DNA Methyltransferase Protein DNMT3B in Myc-Driven Cancers
in Mice
Presenter(s)
Mahi Singh, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Lucy Godley, University of Chicago
Janet Lepore, University of Chicago
Aparna Vasanthakumar, University of Chicago
DNA methylation is the attachment of a methyl group to specific cytosines in the genome and is known to
be altered in cancer cells. Dnmt3b is a DNA methyltransferase, an enzyme that adds methyl groups to
DNA. It has been shown that aberrant transcription of DNMT3B is common in human cancers. When one
copy of Dnmt3b was removed from the genome of an Eμ-Myc mouse (Eμ-Myc/Dnmt3b+/-), mediastinal
lymphomas developed at a frequency of almost 100%. To understand the mechanism behind this result, it
was important to determine if removing one copy of Dnmt3b affected the functionality of the remaining
Dnmt3b allele. To determine if the remaining allele has acquired any mutations, the sequence of the intact
Dnmt3b allele from the resulting tumors was analyzed. Additionally, the DNA methylation activity was
tested by examining the methylation of repetitive elements. Both the sequence and repetitive element
methylation analyses support the conclusion that there is no difference between the catalytic activity of
Dnmt3b in the Eμ-Myc/Dnmt3b+/- and Eμ-Myc mice. This suggests that although Dnmt3b plays a
significant role in cancer formation, the observed acceleration in Eμ-Myc/Dnmt3b+/- tumors is not due to
a mutation or change in the function of the remaining allele of Dnmt3b.
62
C29
Stretch-Induced Gene Regulation
Presenter(s)
Alexandra Smick, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Karen Ridge, Northwestern University
Micah Rogel, Northwestern University
One of the functions of alveolar epithelial cells is to sustain cyclic stretch during normal breathing. When
lungs are subject to mechanical ventilation, many of the alveolar cells are unable to withstand high
volumes of stretch, leading to cell death. Certain genes may play a role in maintaining cell integrity and
signaling the apoptotic pathway. This experiment aims to determine the expression of the gene vimentin
after varying degrees of mechanical stretch of A549 and PASMC cells. Polymerase chain reaction was
first used to determine the expression of vimentin before and after stretch. Western blots were used to
determine vimentin protein concentration. The live-dead assay was used to determine cell viability during
stretch. PCR results show an increase in vimentin mRNA in stretched A549 cells. Stretch increases
vimentin protein expression in A549 cells as shown by Western blot analysis. Cells remained viable
during stretch as determined by the live-dead assay. These results demonstrate that stretch increases
vimentin gene and protein expression for cytoprotective purposes. Overall, the conclusion that vimentin
expression increases after stretch may play an important role in treating patients who are using
mechanical ventilation systems.
C30
Effect of the Expression of Histamine Receptors on Mast Cells
Presenter(s)
Andrew Ta, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Paul Bryce, Northwestern University
Julie Schweinfurth, Northwestern University
Mast cells are immune cells that, through the release of granules containing histamine, are involved in
allergic responses. Histamine mediates its effects through four receptors: histamine 1 (H1R), histamine 2
(H2R), histamine 3 (H3R), and histamine 4 receptor (H4R). Mast cells express these receptors, whose
functions remain unknown. We are questioning whether autocrine feedback might alter cell development,
growth, or function. Mast cells were generated from bone marrow of mice lacking specific receptors
(H2R, H1R/H2R) or histamine synthesis (histidine decarboxylase). These were counted and checked for
purity each week by histology (toluidine blue staining for morphology) and flow cytometry (for mast cellspecific
surface markers FcεRI, and c-Kit). RNA was also isolated and histamine receptor gene
expression was analyzed through real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The effect of
the various knockouts was compared to wild type mast cells with normal histamine receptor expression.
Initial studies demonstrated that mast cells were able to develop in the absence of the histamine receptors,
suggesting these were not necessary for mast cell development. However, variable numbers of mast cells
were observed. Currently, further experiments on mast cells are ongoing to repeat this and to explore the
effects on mast cell growth rate and function.
63
C31
Investigating Inducible Resistance Observed in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains from Cystic
Fibrosis Patients
Presenter(s)
Aaditya Tolappa, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Bill Kabat, Children's Memorial Research Center
Recent experiments suggested that resistance to certain antibiotics in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is linked
with the over-expression of efflux pump proteins mexA, mexC, mexE, and mexX, of β-lactamase ampC,
and the under-expression of porin oprD. Inducible resistance was observed in Kirby-Bauer assays
inoculated with P. aeruginosa strains from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, between aztreonam and three
carbapenems: imipenem, ertapenem, and miropenem. DNA was extracted from fourteen experimental
strains of P. aeruginosa from CF patients and two control strains using QIAGEN QIAamp kit.
Polymerase chain reaction was conducted on three experimental and two control strains. Preliminary
results revealed that one strain clearly expressed mexX, while the other two and the controls did not.
Additionally, one of the controls clearly expressed mexC, while none of the others did. That control also
appeared to express oprD more prevalently than the other four. Two experimental strains and one control
appeared to express mexE more prominently than did the remaining two isolates. At this time, no
conclusions can be drawn, as PCR procedures so far have yielded ambiguous amplified products that may
have been primer dimers. If the mechanism of inducible resistance is confirmed, it may indicate resistance
gene expression that may have treatment implications for CF patients.
C32
The Importance of Accelerated Cell Death 2 in the Mitochondria and Chloroplasts of Arabidopsis
Presenter(s)
Risun Udawatta, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Gopal Pattanayak, University of Chicago
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a physiological cell death process involved in the selective purging of
cells. PCD occurs due to extreme stress from the environment, which includes loss of nutrients, increased
sunlight, and diseases. In the plant, Arabidopsis, accelerated cell death 2 (ACD2) modulates PCD. When
ACD2 was not present, Arabidopsis was found to have a much shorter lifespan due to an increase of
PCD, and when ACD2 was hyperactive, the plant had a much longer lifespan and little or no PCD. At a
microscopic level, ACD2 localizes to the mitochondria and chloroplast. In order to find whether acd2 is
more important in the mitochondria and chloroplast, two transgenic plants were created - mitochondriatargeted
Arabidopsis and chloroplast-targeted Arabidopsis. Our research so far points towards acd2 being
more important in chloroplasts than mitochondria. Qualitatively, more plant death can be seen in the
mitochondria targeted plants.
64
C33
Role of TLR4 in Profibrotic TGF-ß Signal Transduction in Fibrosis
Presenter(s)
Sumana Vardhan, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Swati Bhattacharyya, Northwestern University
John Varga, Northwestern University
Systemic sclerosis (SSc), a potentially fatal disease of unknown cause, is characterized by fibrosis with
collagenous scar tissue formation in the skin and lungs. The primary collagen-producing cells are
activated by a ubiquitous cytokine transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß), showing that TGF-ß plays a
prominent role in the pathogenesis of SSc. Recent data also show that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)
expression was found to be elevated in SSc patients' skin tissue. This project aims to delineate the role of
TLR4 in TGF-β signaling and skin fibrosis, using real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting. We
found that TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide synergistically enhanced TGF-ß mediated collagen protein
and mRNA production, and stimulated fibroblasts differentiation to myofibroblasts, which also produce
collagen. TLR4 inhibitor, CLI095, blocked collagen stimulation and myofibroblast differentiation.
Moreover, TLR4 mutant mice lacking functional TLR4 produced less collagen. These results suggest the
importance of the role of TLR4 in TGF-ß mediated profibrotic responses. Therefore, blocking TLR4
expression or biological activity using the TLR4 inhibitor CLI095 appears to be a potential strategy to
control pathological fibrogenesis.
C34
Identifying the Isoforms of Adenylyl Cyclase in Alveolar Epithelial Cells of Rattus norvegicus and
Homo sapiens by Polymerase Chain Reaction
Presenter(s)
Sonam Vyas, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Emilia Lecuona, Northwestern University
Humberto Trejo, Northwestern University
Christine Vohwinkel, Northwestern University
Lung edema is caused when too much fluid is present in the lungs. Recent research shows that the second
messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) can be used in the treatment of lung edema. cAMP
is produced by the enzyme adenylyl cyclase (AC). We propose that by identifying which isoforms of AC
are present in the lung cells, a treatment for lung edema can be developed. Human lung cells from the
A549 line and rat lung cells were used. First mRNA was isolated by using an RNeasy kit. The mRNA
was converted into cDNA using the enzyme reverse transcriptase. cDNA was amplified by PCR by the
use of specific primers for each AC isoform. Lastly, results were analyzed by gel electrophoresis. The
results show that the A549 cells expressed isoforms 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 (version 2). The results also show
that rat cells expressed isoforms 2, 6 (version 2), and 7. Other results are pending. These findings can
potentially lead to a future treatment for lung-related problems such as lung edema.
65
C35
Variations in Characteristics of Ginkgo biloba Leaf Litter and Implications
Presenter(s)
Kelly Wallin, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Kevin Boyce, University of Chicago
Previous research has demonstrated that variations in the height of Ginkgo biloba trees are translated into
differences in various characteristics of their leaves. This experiment investigated the relationship
between tree height and three properties of leaves: vein density, distal perimeter, and the number of vein
endings. Leaves were collected from two distinct groups of trees; the first included young and small but
rapidly growing trees, and the other a single ancient and stable large specimen. Shed leaves were
collected from the ground in autumn, mimicking the fossil record. Analysis of the gathered data revealed
that the young trees possessed larger leaves with more vein endings and a lower vein density. This
suggests that the small trees have an overbuilt xylem system providing more water to each growing leaf.
Furthermore, the morphologically distinct leaves of actively growing branches are much more common
on the small rapidly growing trees than in the large tree. The variations in these characteristics suggest
that when looking at leaf fossils of Ginkgo and other plants of similar habit, large and small individuals
and overall vegetation type may be distinguishable with an adequate sample size.
C36
The Effect of Smallpox Vaccine-Elicited CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg Cells Expansion and Massive
Accumulation in Infected Tissues and Treg Cell's Role in Immune Homeostasis Against Tissues
Destruction
Presenter(s)
Xun Ming (Jenny) Wang, Northwestern University
Advisor(s)
Wei Chen, University of Illinois at Chicago
Developed and found in the thymus and peripheral lymphoid tissue, natural CD4+CD25+ Foxp3 T
regulatory cells (Treg) typically have the function of regulating the immune homeostasis and maintaining
self tolerance. Recent studies have raised the possibility that Treg cells may be manipulated, either by
increasing Treg numbers or enhancing their suppressive function, for treating autoimmune diseases. I
helped to conduct tests such as immunofluorescent staining, one-color and two-color
immunohistochemistry staining, and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Flow cytometric analysis
showed that there were higher number of Treg cells present in Dryvax-vaccinated (test) group than salinevaccinated
(control) group. Results from the immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry showed
that Treg cells were present in the lymph nodes of the test samples, but absent in those of the control
group. Results from the HE staining showed much damage in the tissue of the control group, while the
tissue from the Dryvax-vaccinated group remained relatively normal. In conclusion, the results show that
Treg cells may possess the ability to enhance the immune system. However, further research must be
conducted to confirm that this is true.
66
C37
The Effect of Silver Ion on Sewage Treatment Bacteria
Presenter(s)
Jordan Williams, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Mark Carlson, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Megan Schrementi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
The commercial and consumer use of silver in nanoparticle and ionic form has increased in recent years
due to its strong antimicrobial properties. This can potentially lead to an increase in the amount of silver
runoff which can end up in municipal waste water treatment facilities. Consequently, this runoff can
affect the bacteria that are used to treat sewage. To analyze this, bacteria were extracted from a drain
build-up remover, grown up in pure culture, and identified using standard biochemical tests. Using these
bacteria, a growth curve was generated to find the effect of silver ion on them. Three flasks were prepared
with media and identified bacteria. Silver nitrate was added to one flask and sodium nitrate was added to
another. Since media already contains sodium, the nitrate in sodium nitrate served as a control for the
nitrate in silver nitrate. Preliminary data showed that silver ion does inhibit bacterial growth. Future
experiments will further quantify the effect of silver ion on the bacteria used in this experiment and
provide a minimal inhibitor concentration value which may in turn impact the waste water industry.
C38
The Effects of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate on the Apoptosis of HT-29 Colorectal Cancer Cells
Presenter(s)
Diana Xu, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Donald Dosch, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a potent antioxidant found in green tea. Antioxidants protect cells
from substances which can induce cancer and cause other diseases. EGCG was introduced to cultures of
HT-29 colorectal cells. The EGCG dosage effect on HT-29 cell growth was determined using
concentrations ranging from 0.05 mM to 0.40 mM. The resulting concentration curve consists of EGCG
at 0.06 mM, 0.12 mM, and 0.30 mM. These cultures were observed for apoptosis and changes in growth.
Western blots are used to find the presence of apoptotic proteins in cells of each concentration. These
apoptotic proteins include c-Jun and caspase-3. Cells were observed for the presence of actin in order to
normalize the cell samples. In general, greater concentrations of EGCG demonstrated less cell growth.
The amount of actin present in each of the concentrations was similar. Currently, Western blots are being
prepared to test for caspase-3 and c-Jun in cells of each of the different concentrations. Natural anticancer
ingredients are significant to cancer research because they do not have as many harmful side
effects as chemotherapy. It would be optimal to find natural anticancer ingredients which fight cancer
aggressively without dangerous side effects.
67
C39
Comparative Morphology of Lepidotrichia in Pectoral Fins Among Basal Actinopterygians
Presenter(s)
Karthik Yarlagadda, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Neil Shubin, University of Chicago
Natalia Taft, University of Chicago
The Actinopterygii, or ray-finned fishes, is the most speciose group of vertebrates with significant
diversity in morphology and behavior. This group is named for the bony fin rays (lepidotrichia) that
support the fins, yet we know very little about these structures. Understanding the morphology of the
lepidotrichia is important because it defines the relative stiffness and flexibility of the fin. The goal of this
study is to examine the morphological variation of lepidotrichia in four species at the base of the
Actinopterygian evolutionary tree. Previous studies have identified three characters that contribute to fin
ray function: the presence or absence of joints, the shape of the lepidotrichia in cross section, and the
presence or absence of distal branching. AMIRA, a software platform, was used to identify and describe
these characters from a computerized tomography scan of a fin from each species: Amia calva, Acipenser
brevirostrum, Lepisosteus osseus, and Polypterus senegalus. So far, one scan has been completely
measured, and the other three are in the process of being measured. We expect that these results will show
that there is a morphological difference between the lengths of the lepidotrichia among these fish.
C40
Identifying Differences Between Normal and Cancerous Stem Cells
Presenter(s)
Candice Yi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Morris Kletzel, Northwestern University
Marie Olszewski, Northwestern University
Stem cells can differentiate into a variety of cells in our bodies and are capable of self-renewal and
proliferation. However, if their growth or proliferation goes unchecked, they may become cancer stem
cells and can cause tumors to return even after chemotherapy treatment. It is unclear how to differentiate
between a cancerous and a normal stem cell, partially because they have more similarities than
differences and because there are no specific markers to identify each. In this study, normal and cancerous
cells were cultured to determine whether they contained stem cells and to identify characteristics that
differed between them. The cells were grown on culture plates and proliferation was observed over an
extended period of time. It was found that the cancerous cells proliferated more compared to the normal
cells. In some weeks, the cell count for cancer cells doubled, whereas the normal's was halved. This stark
difference in growth is a characteristic that sets the cells apart and is also typical of cancer cells -
uncontrolled proliferation. Other characteristics, such as gene expression markers, could be compared for
further differences. The cell samples obtained from the plating experiments can be used for further testing
to show such differences and characteristics of the two cells.
68
D01
The Correlation Between Start-Up Fund, Product Type, and Monetary Success in Small Businesses
Presenter(s)
Naomi Liu, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Si Si, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
David Winkin, Illinois Institute of Technology
Two factors that contribute to the success or failure of a new business are start-up funding and product
type. We looked to determine the correlation between start-up fund, product type, and success in small
businesses by interviewing professionals in various aspects of entrepreneurship, as well as conducting
research on online databases such as Business Source Premier and the Kauffman Foundation website
which contained surveys and qualitative data concerning the success of small businesses. Based on our
interviews, it seems that there are benefits and drawbacks to different kinds of funding. There are no
financial repercussions when receiving venture capitalist funding; however, they expect a greater return
on their contribution than a bank loan. Angel investors too, do not have any repercussions if their
investment fails. However, both venture capitalist and angel funding is difficult to obtain. Consequently,
many businesses often start off with funding from their savings or family contributions. We also found
that most successful businesses currently sell products that are involved in the field of software, because
these products are scalable and grow sales quickly. It seems that receiving funding from venture
capitalists and having a technology-related product are two characteristics that are often found in
successful businesses.
D02
How Power and Status Influence Reactions to Breaches of Trust
Presenter(s)
Jay Patel, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Vivek Thakkar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Nathan Yan, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Keith Murnighan, Northwestern University
Hetal Patel, Northwestern University
The study of organizational behavior largely involves examining interpersonal interactions, a major
component of which is trust. It is believed that parties may be dissimilar on dimensions, such as power
and status, which could affect their reactions to breaches of trust. In light of this, this study utilizes a
variation of the Prisoner's Dilemma game, administered to students across the IMSA campus, in order to
uncover what determines reactions to breaches of trust and how reactions differ when competing against
individuals of varying power and status. In this specific variation, each participant is given the option to
compete or comply with an opponent of differing power and status for a series of twenty rounds. In order
to quantify responses to breaches of trust, the "opponent" is a predetermined program with set orders to
compete at two specific rounds and comply for the rest. It is expected that individuals with higher power
and lesser status, relative to the individual partaking in the simulation, will receive more backlash than
other opponents.
69
D03
The Profitability of Private Equity
Presenter(s)
Glen Richardson, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Darrell Williams, Loop Capital
In the financial world, money managers invest the money of their clients, manage those investments on
behalf of their clients, and liquidate those investments at the appropriate time in order to give those clients
attractive financial returns. There are many money managers within the different asset classes. One of the
main asset classes is "alternative" investments; typically investments made in this class are in private
entities, as opposed to publicly traded stocks and bonds. Within the alternative class, money managers
specialize in real estate, venture capital, private equity, private debt, and other sub-classes. The purpose of
this investigation is to examine why private equity is often considered to be one of the best investment
choices. On the macro level, private equity has proven to be the best investment option when compared to
other major equities. On the micro level, there are a variety of investment strategies that have proven to be
successful. Overall, this study takes an in-depth look at some of the key aspects of private equity.
E01
The Healthiest Drink: Determining Antioxidant Content of Beverages
Presenter(s)
Matthew Kleinjan, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Anita White, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
In numerous studies, antioxidants have been found to give significant health benefits when consumed.
Antioxidants help to neutralize free radicals, which damage cells in the body and can lead to heart
disease, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. Today many beverages advertise that they contain
antioxidants, but which beverage contains the greatest amount? To investigate, I analyzed the antioxidant
content of a variety of beverages. Total phenolic content and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)
were measured in each beverage using a microplate procedure. Preliminary analysis of twelve beverages,
including fruit juices, fruit smoothies, flavored waters, and sports drinks, indicate that pomegranate juice
has the highest antioxidant content with a phenolic content of 14.28 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g of
beverage and 3.01 mmol Fe2 iron reducing equivalents/100 g of drink. In general, fruit juices and
antioxidant branded flavored waters contained the highest amounts of antioxidants while sports drinks
contained almost no antioxidants. My initial findings suggest that pomegranate juice will provide the
greatest health benefit when consumed due to its high levels of antioxidants.
70
E02
Density Functional Theory Study of the Influence of VOx Promotion on the Mechanism of Alcohol
Synthesis on Rhodium Catalysts
Presenter(s)
Mingyang (Jennifer) Li, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Randall Meyer, University of Illinois at Chicago
Rhodium heterogeneous catalysts have been found to display the ability to catalyze alcohol synthesis
from syngas. Understanding the reaction at a molecular level is vital in the process of developing
improved catalysts with higher selectivity to higher alcohols. In this study, calculations using density
functional theory (DFT) have been carried out in order to investigate the efficacy of vanadium oxide
promoted rhodium (Rh) catalyst for alcohol synthesis. Our study focused on two steps in the synthesis
process: CO bond cleavage and carbon insertion, which have previously been identified by Liu and Choi.
We have calculated the thermodynamics for adsorption of different molecules/intermediates atop the
catalyst surface, including CH2O, CH3O, HCO, and COH groups in order to gain insight into the
mechanics of these two important steps. The results show that the carbon insertion step may be more
favorable through formaldehyde rather than through methoxy, contrary to previous claims made by Liu
and Choi. The study will determine why the promotion of vanadium oxide on the Rh (111) complex has a
positive effect on the synthesis of alcohol.
E03
Effects of Molecular and Macroscopic Surface Modification on Wetting
Presenter(s)
Pan Luo, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Gaby Avila-Bront, University of Chicago
Steve Sibener, University of Chicago
Surface wetting is an emerging field that studies the interfacial relationships between liquids and their
solid substrates. It is determined by the properties of the solid surfaces, including their structure,
composition, and functional groups, among other factors. The polymer primarily involved in this study
was poly(styrene-block-methyl methacrylate) [PS-b-PMMA], a diblock copolymer, along with irradiated
PS-b-PMMA. The most notable difference between the two are the empty PMMA domains in the
photomodified version, which were removed upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation. This causes a larger
discrepancy between the heights of the polystyrene domains, resulting in higher corrugation in the
irradiated PS-b-PMMA. PS-b-PMMA was also modified by depositing PbS nanoparticles in order to
examine any change in wettability resulting from a macroscopic modification. Different types of selfassembled
monolayers on gold substrates were studied to observe the effects of molecular modification
on wetting. Atomic force microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy were then used to investigate
the various samples' surface morphologies at a microscopic and molecular level. After measuring the
contact angles formed between a droplet of water and the polymer surfaces, it was found that PS-b-
PMMA yielded angles around 100° and irradiated PS-b-PMMA resulted in contact angles greater than
100°.
71
E04
A Greener Catalyst for Biodiesel Synthesis
Presenter(s)
Elizabeth Ott, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Justin Notestein, Northwestern University
Recently, the demand for biodiesel has grown because of its non-petroleum origins and the ability to use
domestic soy oil, yet the cost and environmental impact of its synthesis remain areas of concern for
commercial use. Two inexpensive solid catalysts, heat-treated eggshell and 1% titanium oxide on silicate,
were used instead of typical sodium methoxide or potassium methoxide soluble catalysts. In small vial
reactors, the variables of time, temperature, catalyst weight loading, methanol to soybean oil ratio, and
method of mixing were examined. Conversion was measured by changes in refractive index. Conversion
increased approximately linearly with time, which may indicate either a zero-order or first-order reaction
mechanism; insufficient data was collected to discriminate models. At 65˚C, the conditions that yielded
the highest conversion were 6:1 methanol:oil, and 9 weight percent catalyst loading. Increasing
temperature to 100˚C was found to be the most effective parameter in increasing biodiesel yield. The data
does suggest that this system performs well with these solid catalysts, but the catalyst identity was less
important. By using these more naturally occurring solid catalysts, the cost and environmental impact of
biodiesel synthesis can be effectively reduced, because using a solid catalyst significantly lessens the
amount of waste produced.
F01
Heuristic Analysis in Python Programming: Creating a Chess Engine
Presenter(s)
Jason Chien, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Konrad Wrobel, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Mark Hoemmen, Sandia National Laboratory
Namrata Pandya, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Phadmakar Patankar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Chess has been a battleground between man and machine. It is a game with simple rules but an
unfathomable number of possibilities; perfect criteria for artificial intelligence programming. This
investigation focuses on understanding the mechanisms chess engines use to select their moves accurately
and efficiently. The Python language was used to program an original engine. First, an interface was
created to allow the engine to communicate with a human. It is a standard chessboard layout with all the
rules of chess incorporated. Then the engine was programmed to employ a minimax function which lets it
analyze a few moves ahead to a terminal position. From there, it works its way backwards, selecting what
it considers the best possible moves by both players along the way. It determines which moves are the
best through a heuristics system. Moves which lead to better positions are given more points and the
move with the highest points is played. This investigation's ultimate goal is to program the engine to be
able to change heuristic values by itself.
72
F02
The Digital Detriment: Aspects of Computer Illiteracy
Presenter(s)
Samuel Haile, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Namrata Pandya, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Computers affect people's lives in several ways, from being used in school or the workforce, to personal
use at home or while traveling. During my investigation, I researched the effects of computer literacy on
the economic, technological, and social aspects of people's lives. I reviewed articles and data pertaining to
how computers used in the workforce affected people's financial status. I also researched the Global
Competitiveness Index (GCI) which measures how innovation in computers and technology affect
countries' economies. In the United States, the results show that those who are computer literate and use
computers at their job make higher salaries compared to those who are computer illiterate; this effect
extends to the international level, where countries with highly innovative and technological labor forces
have a much more successful economy. The positive effects are also present on a social level. In the
public school system, schools that have computers available to students have a higher average graduation
rate than those which do not have computers. As computers become ubiquitous and more powerful, their
impacts on education, society, personal lives, and business will continue to grow. The results from the
GCI show that being able to capably use a computer provides a significant competitive advantage in
today's society.
F03
Inquiry into the Applications of Computing, Web Access, and Mobile Device Integration in the
Automotive Environment
Presenter(s)
Shantanu Jain, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
James Gerry, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
In-car technology has consistently been behind that of mobile devices. Recent powerful mobile devices
such as the Motorola Droid and the iPhone have allowed users constant internet access and a platform on
which to run mobile applications, but the driver has been unable to benefit from these innovations. The
driver remains unable to access information, communications, and entertainment with the ease and
flexibility of a mobile device user. The investigation initially focused on implementing the hardware and
software in a prototype. The investigator proposed a hardware configuration that addressed the issues of
idle-time power consumption, startup and shutdown control, user interface flexibility, and multi-zone
media capabilities. For software, development began on a plug-in for the OpenMobile platform that
linked the navigation software to the user interface. However, after extensive software testing and
exhaustive diagramming and analysis of the flow of data in an automobile's context, it was found that a
cloud-based application platform comprehensively addressed the issues faced in automotive-computing.
This solution leverages rich internet applications such as Pandora and Google Maps to deliver content incar.
By unlocking data from the car and allowing developers to leverage it in their software, this idea
could allow for a new wave of innovation in automotive computing.
73
F04
A Statistical Model for Analyzing Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride-Stained Myocardial Infarcts
Presenter(s)
Nilesh Kavthekar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Ted Li, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Joseph Wang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Shu Q. Liu, Northwestern University
Measuring the ratio between infarcted and intact myocardium is an essential procedure for evaluating the
progression of myocardial infarction. In current research, myocardial infarction is commonly evaluated by
using a hand-tracing method. However, such an approach does not provide accurate and reproducible
measurements because of intra- and inter-observer errors. In this investigation, we developed a
computerized statistical model and a MATLAB language-based program that can be used to measure
myocardial infarcts accurately and reproducibly. The MATLAB language-based program was used to
analyze images of triphenyltetrazolium chloride- (TTC) stained myocardial tissue cross-sections and to
statistically define intact and necrotic tissue based on pixel red/green/blue values in order to estimate the
percentage of the infarcted tissue. Preliminary results suggest that the statistical model determines the
ratio with a higher degree of consistency than the traditional, hand-tracing method. Potential implications
of this study may be widespread use of the statistical model to quantify infarct characteristics, rather than
hand-based methods. This can be significant for research, in which measurements can be made more
accurately, consistently, and reproducibly. The effects of certain stimuli on myocardial infarct
development can be quantified with more certainty.
F05
Fooling the Hacker: A Study of Honeypots
Presenter(s)
Derrick Miller, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
James Gerry, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
With computer exploitation and hacking becoming more prevalent, new techniques must be devised to
gain information on not only the attacks, but the hackers themselves. For this reason, machines explicitly
made to get hacked and log information, known as honeypots, have seen a rise in interest. However, due
to possible legal and security ramifications, honeypots are a touchy subject in the area of computer
security. This investigation follows the creation of a low-level interaction honeypot while determining
what kinds of meaningful data can be safely extracted from an attack. At the same time, all difficulties
and challenges are noted. Using the "honeyd" honeypot program, test servers have been set up on IMSA's
Advanced Computing Association sub-network so they can log any attacks that occur. The entire process
of the honeypot's creation has been documented in detail. In addition, data such as the attacked service,
the attacker's operating system, and even the attacker's top level domain has been able to be gathered
safely. Through the work of this investigation, more comprehensive documentation for the creation and
ethical use of honeypots can be made. With such documentation, honeypots could be seen as a safe and
legitimate tool in the area of network security.
74
F06
A Look into How to Make the World More Efficient Through Databases
Presenter(s)
Angus Nelson, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Namrata Pandya, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Phadmakar Patankar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Databases can be used for organizing and tracking data that can assist a business in its daily operations.
They are meant to be structured and used in a certain fashion. They are almost entirely different from
spreadsheets, although they do look similar. The project consisted of creating a database that would be
easily adaptable to any company that sells a product. Although this database could be modified to meet
any company's needs, I specifically designed one that would tailor to a food catering company similar to
Sodexo. The database was modeled directly after the essential things that they have to track: their
employees, their suppliers, their products, their customers, and their profit. The main aspects of this
investigation revolve around the data that can be quantized; for example keeping track of employee wages
and weekly food supplies. Through research and examining other databases, an ideal structure of a
database was constructed that prevents many common errors such as redundant data and unnecessary
tables. This is important because it means that a user can find the necessary information quickly without
having to browse through useless data, thus making a company more efficient and profitable.
F07
Three-Dimensional Landscape Generation and Erosion Simulation with Java
Presenter(s)
Gregary Pergrossi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Zachary Pergrossi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Namrata Pandya, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Phadmakar Patankar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Game and graphics technology advances all the time, generating new methods to carry out new tasks. In
the computer graphics industry, software-generated environments are used in game worlds and
simulations as a tool to quickly finish hours of tedious work that used to be done by hand. In order to gain
further understanding of how this type of software works, we have programmed a three-dimensional
terrain generator with Java using a Perlin noise weighted random function and a fluid simulation method
we developed. Our generator begins by calculating a land surface using a two-dimensional Perlin noise
function and then simulates erosion to smooth and carve it. Through trial and error, extensive
programming, and research, we have produced a finished graphical application that generates and
displays water and pseudo-random terrain while allowing the user to explore outward in a large area. Our
program is capable of generating a wide variety of software landscapes that demonstrate the advantages
of this common industry technique. Throughout our research we have learned a tremendous amount about
computer programming and software graphics; the result being our finished application.
75
F08
Designing Game Design
Presenter(s)
Kevin Wang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jason Leigh, University of Illinois at Chicago
Due to the growth of the video game industry, it has been increasingly difficult to develop games that
meet the standards of today's gamers. The aim of this study is to understand how to simplify game
development by designing an environment for creating games. This project, Gravity Game Studio,
involved designing a low-level framework that interprets a tree of commands into code and then compiles
the code into an application. This framework was then coupled with a graphical user interface written in
C# that the user can use to design their application visually instead of programmatically. The software
incorporates a visual designer that translates actions into code, making it easier and faster to translate
ideas into application. Since Gravity Game Studio is based on such a low-level system, it allows for
flexible functionality within the usage and hierarchy of the application. This study yielded software that
simplified and sped up the game creation process through the visual editor while maintaining the
flexibility of creating a game from scratch through the low-level framework. This led to the discovery of
new ways to aid in production and will continue to do so throughout the development of this software.
G01
Cost-Benefit Analysis and Evaluation of Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
Certification
Presenter(s)
Paul Cladek, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Stephen Berry, University of Chicago
Theodore Steck, University of Chicago
Despite improvements in efficiency, growing energy needs worldwide has driven the increasing reliance
on non-sustainable international resources; in particular fossil fuels and water. The U.S. Green Building
Council, a non-profit organization of professionals in the building industry, has implemented the
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification system in order to encourage
environmentally-friendly (green) building design in both residential and commercial sectors. I have
undertaken a critique of the LEED program, its present effectiveness, and prospects for the near future.
Through a cost benefit analysis and qualitative study of the policy surrounding green construction
practices, I determined a set of parameters which show where a LEED certification delivers triple market
bottom-line gains. That is, circumstances under which LEED certification promotes environmental,
social, and (most importantly for the program's growth) financial advances. My study identifies
conditions under which LEED green building certification is a prudent and, often times, strong
investment. My results indicate that the growth seen in the LEED program advances an emerging green
building revolution that will cause dramatic shifts in building industry practices. It would seem to be in
the interest of today's building professionals to consider the implications of this emerging paradigm.
76
G02
The Gulf Oil Spill and Its Effects on the Global Economy
Presenter(s)
Caitlyn Collett, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Samuel Weitekamp, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Robert Kiely, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
After researching the oil industry and environmental cleanup, including studying about the history of the
oil industry, oil spill cleanup, oil rig technology, macroeconomic effects, and how geopolitics affect the
oil industry, the study focused on studying how the Gulf of Mexico oil spill effected the geopolitical view
on the oil industry and how life in the United States could change as a result. Through research, the study
found that domestically, most of the changes were reforms of the oil industry in the United States. These
reforms included safety on the rigs, making it so that check-ups on important equipment are more
frequent and environmental reforms so that the effects could be mitigated in the future. This angle showed
how far behind technologies for cleaning up afterwards are behind drilling technologies and how the
moratorium on deepwater Gulf oil could be detrimental because of domestic oil's importance for the U.S.
Geopolitically, the study focused on how the spill changed the perception of other current events like the
wars for democracy erupting throughout Africa. Ultimately the question became whether or not this
disaster can fundamentally change the world's view of oil. In retrospect, the conclusion was that this
disaster had little effect on the perception of oil globally or domestically.
G03
Effects of the 9/11 Attacks on the Insurance Industry
Presenter(s)
Inga Gurevich, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Krzysztof Ostaszeski, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Richard Stalmack, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
On September 11th, 2001 the World Trade Centers in New York collapsed as a result of a terrorist attack
and caused an estimated 40.2 billion dollars in insured losses. My study aimed to see how individual
sectors of the insurance industry were impacted. Most claims came from the following insurance sectors:
personal property, commercial property, business interruption, workers compensation, personal auto, and
commercial auto. To estimate the price changes for the different types of insurance, the Producer Price
Index (PPI) was used. Economic strength was estimated by the US gross domestic product, consumer
confidence index, interest index, investment in bonds index, and the US Dollar Index. The PPI data
showed those insurance types that directly suffered claims due to 9/11 and the ones that were unrelated to
9/11 all followed a similar trend from 1998 to 2005. The biggest rise in prices was between 2001 and
2003. The consumer confidence index, interest index, and the stock market index were all inversely
related to the insurance prices. The only direct result that the catastrophe had on the insurance industry
was the creation of the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act; otherwise it was an indirect influence through the
economy. My results conclude that all sectors of the industry fluctuated in a very similar pattern, even the
ones not affected by the attack.
77
G04
Growth of the Chinese Futures Markets
Presenter(s)
Joseph Hecker, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Doug Adams, Aardvark Trading
When the People's Republic of China first attempted to utilize futures contracts, they experienced many
challenges. However, as the Chinese government and citizens continue to learn from these problems, the
Chinese futures markets have undergone tremendous growth. The purpose of my investigation was to
discover the growth factors of the Chinese futures and financial markets in general, and I observed my
advisor's company as it looked to establish an office in China. My research also involved literary review
and discussions with my advisor on a regular basis. I discovered that commodity consumption in China is
massive, demanding risk management in case the commodities were to ever be negatively affected. The
government would like the markets to increase price transparency, as well as decrease prices in general.
By 2020, China plans for Shanghai to economically rival New York City and London. However, this bold
move calls for the Yuan to be deregulated, in the hope that it will become a global reserve currency in the
future. The current growth path of the Chinese futures markets can provide a success recipe for countries
in economic distress, as well as affect the future of foreign investment in China.
G05
The Role of the Federal Reserve Bank During the 2007 Recession
Presenter(s)
Zeno Jeong, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Lee Eysturlid, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Charles Steele, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
In 2010, the U.S. government formally announced that the aftershock of the 2007-08 financial crisis was
over. During the three years of recession, not only was the U.S. economy damaged, but countries around
the world were similarly affected. The chairman of the Federal Reserve Bank, Ben Bernanke,
implemented numerous monetary policies in order to alleviate the effects of the crisis. The Federal
Reserve's monetary policies were supported by expansionary fiscal policies. By looking at the dates when
the monetary and fiscal policies were implemented and effects on measures such as gross domestic
product, inflation, and unemployment rates, we can evaluate the effectiveness of the policies. So far, we
have studied the pros and cons of the monetary policy and how it works in tandem with fiscal policy.
Also, we found raw data from the websites of the International Monetary Fund and the Federal Reserve
Bank of Chicago. However, we need to learn more about how monetary and fiscal policy work. By
analyzing and evaluating the results of the monetary and fiscal policies used, we can draw implications
and suggest which policies work and which do not for an economy facing recession.
78
G06
High-Tech Industries and the Quality of Life: An Investigation of Chinese Cities
Presenter(s)
Harley Wang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Richard Stalmack, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
This study investigates the correlation and possible relationship between the quality of life and high-tech
industrial sectors present in the Chinese cities of Tianjin, Beijing, and Shanghai; Hainan was selected as a
control city. China's recent economic success has implicated a change in the development of country.
Numerical data was retrieved from the National Bureau of Statistics of China, and scholarly articles were
found at various online sources. The statistics of GDP, healthcare, education, and per capita annual
income are compared against the establishment of high-tech industries, and a correlation can be drafted
and observed. The results of analysis have shown that there is a positive correlation observed between the
independent variable and each dependent one. The correlations, however, were not relatively consistently
high for the test cities in the areas of education and GDP. There was no correlation between the number of
enterprises and healthcare or education for any of the test cities; however the correlation of the control
was relatively high. Based on other investigations, this study is mapping a definite relationship between
the factors involved. The test results also shed light upon the relevance of people's livelihoods to
economic development.
H01
Multisensory Versus One-Modality Instruction in Bilingual Education with a Focus on Elementary-
Aged Spanish Speakers
Presenter(s)
Sonia Bajaj, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Cherie Esposito, McCleery Elementary School
Jose Palos, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Manuel Perez, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Aracelys Rios, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Previous studies indicate that English as a Second Language (ESL) elementary students benefit from
being literate in their native language before learning English. Consequently, the bilingual classes at
McCleery Elementary teach reading and writing in Spanish before introducing English. This study
compares the effectiveness of two teaching methods in the bilingual classroom: One-modality versus
multisensory. In this study, first and second grade students were asked to spell Spanish words after being
taught by either of the two methods. Spelling tests were administered and scores were collected for each
child. Students' results were compared with their method of instruction. Preliminary results suggest the
multisensory method is more effective in teaching Spanish spelling words to bilingual, elementary
students. This is significant because it may enhance bilingual teachers' effectiveness in the classroom.
79
H02
Transgender Policies in High Schools
Presenter(s)
Ayse Cetinkaya, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Daniel Gleason, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Schools function primarily to educate students by providing a safe and hospitable environment conducive
to learning. However, flaws can be found in policies and structures of schools, especially regarding less
well-known issues such as transgender youth. Although schools have an obligation to all students,
regardless of gender expression, most schools lack a specific plan of action regarding transgender
students. Transgender policies specifically in place in high schools were compiled and analyzed for
general themes and overlaps. Organizations experienced with transgender youth were contacted for
specific advice for experience with successful and unsuccessful policies. Using this information, policy
recommendations were made. Transgender rights are a growing movement and must be acknowledged as
a legitimate concern for schools. Ideal policies would stress a choice for the student through equal access
to facilities and activities regardless of assigned gender. The importance of strict anti-harassment and
assault guidelines must be supplemented with staff training and potential student seminars on gender
variance. Transgender individuals cannot be ignored when constructing school policies and as required by
law to protect all students, schools must include facilities, programs, and consequences specifically
geared towards transgender students and transgender violence to ensure the safety and comfort of all
students.
H03
The Effect of Resident Physician Education on Patient Safety
Presenter(s)
Wen Li Chen, University of Illinois at Chicago
Advisor(s)
David Mayer, University of Illinois at Chicago
In 2006, the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) implemented an online reporting system that tracked
adverse events, near misses, and unsafe conditions in order to better understand medical error occurrences
in hopes of improving patient safety. Of the fifteen-hundred reports filed in 2006 to 2008, none of the
reports came from resident physicians. As a response, in 2008, UIC educated resident physicians on
patient safety and reporting. This investigation examined the effect of educational intervention on the
utilization of the online medical resident reporting system by monitoring the number of reports that
resident physicians filed and examining medical scenarios. On average, resident physicians filed twentyfive
reports per quarter during the patient safety course from the first quarter of the 2009 fiscal year to the
fourth quarter of the 2009 fiscal year. After the patient safety course, resident physicians filed an average
of 115 reports per quarter from the first quarter of the 2010 fiscal year to the second quarter of the 2011
fiscal year. In addition, resident physicians were actively reporting which led to changes in hospital
personnel protocol. The increase in the number of reports filed by resident physicians and protocol
changes suggest that education is a valuable tool that promotes patient safety.
80
H04
A Study Aimed at Enhancing Students' Understanding of Newton's Three Laws
Presenter(s)
Grace Choi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Linda Brazdil, Northwestern University
The aim of this inquiry is to develop methods to enhance Chicago Public High School students' learning
of Newton's three laws. This is done by modifying the Meaningful Science Consortium's project-based
tenth grade physics course lessons. Specific modifications included having students draw force body
diagrams that allow students to identify forces, their locations, and their effects on motion and direction,
as well as explanations of the mathematical equations involved. These changes were made because a
fundamental understanding of forces is necessary to fully understand later lessons such as circular motion
and to complete the final project in which students design their own roller coasters. Modifications were
incorporated without changing the flow of the 7E (elicit, engage, explore, explain, elaborate, evaluate,
extend) model of the course. Changes were added into engage, explore, and explain sections to foster
students' thinking. It is expected that these modifications will improve students' abilities to answer
questions on the quarterly exam dealing with balanced and unbalanced forces, those using F=ma, and
those asking for interpretations of diagrams. Teachers will teach half of their classes using unmodified
lessons and the other half using the modified lessons. Their students' responses on specific questions will
then be compared.
H05
Comparing the Learning Styles of Gifted Monolingual and Bilingual Students
Presenter(s)
Francis Cocjin, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Christian Nokkentved, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Purva Rushi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Studies have been performed that establish and delineate the differences in learning styles of monolingual
and bilingual students, but not many have explored the differences between gifted students in both
categories. A survey called the Perceptual Learning Styles Preference Questionnaire created by Dr. Joy
Reid of the University of Maui was distributed to every student currently studying at the Illinois
Mathematics and Science Academy. All students took surveys with the same questions. The survey
produced numerical values for the learning style preference of the participants such as visual, tactile,
kinesthetic, group, individual, and auditory learning. A two-way ANOVA test with one dependent
variable and one independent variable will be performed on the results to see if there is any significant
difference between the learning styles of the two groups. Any findings can be used to help high school
teachers use more effective methods to teach their gifted bilingual students.
81
H06
The Importance of English as a Second Language Programs and the Factors That Affect Their
Success
Presenter(s)
Katia Colin, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Chibuzo Obasi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Paula Altekruse, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Rosemary Gabriel, George B. Swift Elementary School
Unfortunately, providing a good English as a Second Language (ESL) program to the rapidly increasing
number of English language learners is proving difficult for certain schools. In order to provide an
understanding of how different factors affect the success of ESL programs, this study examined three
factors: teacher qualifications, student-specific factors, and type of program implemented. Our study
included surveying a population of high school students in an attempt to correlate specific student-related
factors to student performance and growth. Research showed a trend between teacher qualifications and
type of course. In addition, type of program varied among different student populations. Both research
and field study results demonstrated that student sub-factors like background, process of entering this
country, household income, and age at program enrollment influence their performance. Students who
started younger fared better, as did wealthier students, students whose families came voluntarily, and
students from more developed countries. Overall, the results indicate that for an ESL program to succeed,
as student-specific factors are not likely to change, schools should implement valid programs and hire
qualified teachers mindful of students' situations. In the future, our research could potentially increase
awareness in those responsible for ESL regulation.
H07
Applying Teaching Models to a Science Curriculum for Elementary School Students in IMSA's
Kids Institute
Presenter(s)
Eleanor Cory, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Allyson Milenkovic, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Julie Dowling, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
This investigation studies various teaching models established by educational psychologists and the
inquiry-based teaching styles of current IMSA students teaching within IMSA's Kids Institute program. It
aims to apply these teaching models to new science curriculum, to be taught in the spring in Kids Institute
FunShops to third through sixth grade students. Information on educational psychology was gathered
through reading scholarly articles regarding learning spectrums, inquiry-based learning, and so forth. An
original observation sheet, catering to the unique setting of a Kids Institute classroom, was developed that
addressed topics such as teachers' enthusiasm, preparedness, and the use of questions for clarification. It
can be used to analyze teaching styles and their effects on class participation and understanding. Six new
curricula, written about topics in chemistry and physics, were designed to focus on inquiry-based learning
and will give teachers the opportunity to teach to the class as a whole as well as provide one-on-one
guidance. It is hoped that these curricula will improve class participation and interest in Kids Institute
classes and serve as effective models for teaching scientific concepts to younger students in the future.
82
H08
The Dropout Dilemma: Investigating Student Retention at the Illinois Mathematics and Science
Academy
Presenter(s)
Dominic Gentile, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Matthew Gietl, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Donald Dosch, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Barbara Miller, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
IMSA'S current retention rate is lower than what is expected. Many steps have been taken to increase
retention by implementing programs such as Sophomore Navigation. However, many students still elect
to withdraw from IMSA for academic, social, and personal reasons. In our investigation, we asked
students to give reasons for possible withdrawal in a more specific manner than just academic, personal,
and social reasons. To accomplish this, we created a survey that questioned students about different
aspects of their IMSA experience, and also about their desire to leave IMSA and what steps they have
taken to withdraw. In our data analysis, we took the students' responses to questions about their life at
IMSA and compared them to their desire to withdraw. In this way, we were able to determine what parts
of the IMSA experience, such as living away from home, academic rigor, the social environment, and so
forth. created a desire to leave. With these specific reasons in mind, we looked at IMSA's policies to see
which of them contributed to student withdrawal and suggested ways to modify the practices to boost
retention.
H09
Why are Hispanics Underrepresented in College?
Presenter(s)
Carlos Gomez, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Christopher Macias, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jose Palos, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
The underrepresentation of Hispanics in U.S. colleges is an ongoing issue with many factors that impede
them from following their American dream. We decided to implement a literature investigation to answer
this question. Printed books, online resources such as databases, electronic books and statistics from other
surveys have been located using the extensive resources on IMSA's library website. Some resources
included the United States Census Bureau, Pew Hispanic, the Hispanic Scholarship Fund, the National
Center for Education Statistics, and so forth. We found that the most common reasons for the under
representation of Hispanics in college are due to family views, economic issues, and immigration status.
The family has a great impact on the student's decision when enrolling in a higher education. When it
comes to education, most Hispanics think of it as a privilege and prefer to work before furthering their
education. Hispanics are one of the poorest ethnic groups in the United States. The average income per
family is about $35,000, in comparison to an average of $60,000 for Asians. Finally, a person's
immigration status can affect the student's decision when enrolling in a college. If the student is illegal
then he/she would most likely not be able attend college. A combination of factors accumulate to affect
the under representation of Hispanic students in our nation's universities and colleges.
83
H10
Student Inquiry and Research at IMSA Chicago
Presenter(s)
Victoria Lo, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Michelle Kolar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Currently, the Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy (IMSA) offers students unique research
opportunities through the Student Inquiry and Research (SIR) program. Students participating in the
program complete a year-long investigation, either on-campus or off-campus. SIR investigations are
conducted on Inquiry Days, where students on-campus meet and research with their advisor(s), and
students working off-campus travel to their SIR location and meet and research with their advisor(s).
IMSA Chicago, located in the city, will provide students more access to resources and facilities in
completing off-campus SIR investigations. By studying IMSA Aurora's current SIR program, and other
high schools with an inquiry-based research program, I identified vital components in creating a
recommendation for the SIR program at IMSA Chicago. Through a survey, I collected responses about
students' on-campus SIR experiences versus off-campus SIR experiences. Analyzing this data set, I found
correlations between the time spent on students' SIR investigations, the biggest challenges students face,
and the opportunities students are provided in their on-campus SIR investigations versus off-campus SIR
investigations. Using IMSA's current SIR program and survey responses, I have created a
recommendation for the SIR program at IMSA Chicago.
H11
The Effects of Inquiry-Based Pedagogy on Third Grade Students and Their Ability to Learn
Higher Level Physics Concepts
Presenter(s)
Alan Shramuk, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Tracy Miller, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
The goal of this research is to test and analyze the effect of inquiry-based teaching pedagogy on children,
specifically third-graders, and their ability to understand advanced physics concepts. To test the ability of
students to learn through inquiry-based learning, a lesson plan was researched and prepared. A survey
was also designed for IMSA Fusion, a group of Illinois STEM educators, asking for their professional
opinion and/or experience on teaching children through inquiry-based pedagogy. Various studies and
articles suggest that children can not only learn more easily with inquiry-based teaching methods, but also
are able to learn and understand more difficult concepts. The research team is curious to see whether this
project substantiates these studies. If so, this may lead to a better overall understanding of STEM
education in the student and adult population of the United States and further the study of STEM subjects
in the world at large.
84
I01
Comparison of Dreiding and Universal Force Fields for Metal Organic Framework Simulation
Presenter(s)
Yusuf Aktan, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Matthew Tsao, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Randall Snurr, Northwestern University
Chris Wilmer, Northwestern University
Metal organic frameworks have shown promise in filtering CO2, from the air as a solution to global
warming. However, thousands of possible molecule combinations and framework geometries for these
metal organic frameworks (MOF) must be tested via computer simulation to find the chemical structure
that will maximize CO2 retention. Simulation results of thirteen MOFs from Dreiding and Universal force
field simulation models are compared to actual experimental data to determine the differences between
the two force fields in simulating CO2 behavior in MOFs, and which is more accurate. The initial study
has been expanded to research the process of trapping methane, hydrogen, and nitrogen gasses by similar
molecular simulations. Preliminary results of CO2 retention (at partial pressures ranging from 0.05 bar to
0.5 bar) show agreement between the Dreiding and Universal force field within ~20% in all MOFs except
those containing palladium or vanadium atoms where the predictions vary by a factor of two. Currently,
the full simulation process (with partial pressures ranging from 0.5 bar to 40 bar) is not complete and
results with analysis will not be available until the data is ready for examination.
I02
The Design Process of a Roller Coaster
Presenter(s)
Justin Booth, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Brendan Mathias, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Brooke Schmidt, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Having been on many roller coasters, we were curious as to how they are designed. The purpose of our
project was to determine the steps necessary in designing a roller coaster, and then to design a roller
coaster ourselves. We researched roller coaster designs to see where they started. We began our design by
establishing the height of our initial hill, and using the data we researched, we determined the total energy
the coaster has at the top of the hill. Using this information, we were able to design segments of our
coaster on the program Autodesk Inventor. In the end, we combined all of these separate pieces into one
finished product. By this method, we were able to determine the process by which a roller coaster can be
designed.
85
I03
The Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Ni2TiIn
Presenter(s)
Wen Min Chen, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Song Chen, Illinois Institute of Technology
Yoonsung Chung, Illinois Institute of Technology
Susan Meschel, Illinois Institute of Technology
Philip Nash, Illinois Institute of Technology
Heusler alloys are composed of elements in the form X2YZ where X and Y are transition metals and Z is
a non-magnetic metal or a semiconductor. Compounds based on the Heusler structure have many
interesting properties such as ferromagnetism and thermal or magnetic shape memory. Ni2TiIn, a Heusler
alloy, was first synthesized and then its crystal structure was examined using X-ray diffraction and
electron dispersive analysis. The compound was also subjected to a variety of physical tests (such as
Vickers hardness test) to measure its physical properties. The alloy was found to be very brittle and could
not be subjected to significant stress without cracking. Its thermodynamic properties were measured using
a calorimeter. The heat content of Ni2TiIn was found to be 13 ± 6.7 kJ/mole of atoms and the heat of
reaction for Ni2TiIn was found to be -9.32 ± 0.7 kJ/mole of atoms. Due to the brittle nature and other
properties of Ni2TiIn, only future research will find practical uses for it.
I04
Engineering a Water Filter for Developing Countries: Optimizing Flow Rate with Respect to
Bacterial Sterilization
Presenter(s)
Dane Christianson, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Jongmin Lee, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Mark Carlson, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
The necessity for sanitary water in developing countries is a well-known problem. The purpose of the
investigation is to develop an effective yet economical water filter that supplies at least 40 liters per day,
kills 99.9% of bacteria, and costs less than 20 dollars. Ceramic filters were created using clay mixed with
MetamucilTM or sawdust to make the fired filter more porous. Nanoparticle silver was added as a
germicide. Conical filters were formed by pressing the clay mixture between two plastic funnels. The
filters were later coated with silver and fired in a kiln. After firing, the cones were mounted vertically in 3
inch diameter polyvinyl chloride tubing, into which water was poured. Flow rates and bacterial
disinfection were then analyzed. Previously, our cone filters had shown 99.99% killing at low flow rates.
Our goal this year was to determine whether that could be maintained at higher flow rates. Although
effectiveness did fall with increasing flow, recently a rate of 50 L/day with 99.9% killing was achieved,
meeting our primary goal. A detailed field analysis remains to be conducted under realistic conditions.
Efforts must also be made to increase the water storage capacity of the filter.
86
I05
Far Horizons Near Space Balloons: Creating a Cut-Down System
Presenter(s)
Logan Damiani, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Nathan Geldner, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Geza Gyuk, Adler Planetarium
Ken Walczak, Adler Planetarium
High altitude balloons (HAB) are an inexpensive and effective data-collecting alternative to satellites. The
purpose of this project was to examine and improve upon HAB design. In order to gain greater control of
the descent, a system needed to be developed to jettison the payload from the balloon on command.
Through research, it was found that the safest and most effective method was to run a strong electrical
current through conductive yet highly resistant nichrome wire, rapidly generating heat, allowing it to burn
through the connection between the balloon and the payload. The first design was composed of four
capacitors, a transistor, a length of nichrome wire, and held by composite board. While this cut the
necessary connection, the preparation proved to be arduous and time-consuming. The next step was to
improve the design by making it more easily reproducible, reusable, reliable, and more compact by
transferring the design onto a custom integrated circuit board. This may be used in future HAB launches,
expediting the scientific progress. Simplifying the retrieval of near-space balloons prevents damage to the
payload and in the long term increases the accessibility of HAB missions for research.
I06
Networks of Ultrasmall Pd/Cr Bilayer Nanowires: A New Type of High Performance Hydrogen
Sensors
Presenter(s)
Henry Deng, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Zhili Xiao, Argonne National Laboratory
Hydrogen sensors have become the subject of intensified studies in recent years due to their tremendous
importance to hydrogen fuel applications. Recent studies have shown that nano-palladium sensors are
very quick and efficient; in particular, the research group previously devised a new fabrication method
that allowed for the creation of quick and highly inexpensive nanowire network sensors. In this study,
palladium/chromium (Pd/Cr) nanowire network hydrogen sensors were created using the novel
fabrication method and then tested. This method utilizes the design of commercially available filtration
membranes to create a nanonetwork structure. By layering nanoscopic amounts of palladium and
chromium onto the membrane, a nanowire network structure of palladium/chromium bilayer can be
formed. The results obtained were very promising. The first major advantage the Pd/Cr sensor has is
sensing capabilities from 0.1% hydrogen to 100% hydrogen concentrations; it solves the 3% saturation
issue found in the pure Pd sensor. The second major advantage the new sensor has over the pure Pd
sensor is a significantly shorter response time. Finally, the new sensor costs less to create while still
maintaining the high efficiency design provided by the nanofabrication method.
87
I07
Alternative Auscultation: The Audible Human Project
Presenter(s)
Saarthak Gupta, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Thomas Royston, University of Illinois at Chicago
As the pedagogy of auscultation has declined, a suitable replacement must be found. Piezoelectric sensor
arrays are a viable alternative as they are cheap, easy to use, and more objective than traditional
auscultation methods. The Acoustic and Vibrations Laboratory (AVL) at the University of Illinois at
Chicago is working on software that will make the use of these sensors easier and more visual by
outputting the expected piezoelectric display with specific patient parameters set. A computerized
mechanical model of the human torso was created for this endeavor by using computerized tomography
scans taken from the Visible Human Project. The main structures in the torso were separated, meshed,
and had their mechanical properties differentiated. Going forward, the AVL hopes to apply select
mechanical properties to the geometric model, and eventually use this model in conjunction with
respiration simulation in order to construct an audible "map" of the human torso to aid in disease
detection.
I08
The Construction of a Model Helicopter with a Unique Set of Interlocking Blades
Presenter(s)
Kenneth Harvey, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Austin Kramer, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Francisco Ruiz, Illinois Institute of Technology
The designs of modern helicopters are based on many generations of improvement over Leonardo Da
Vinci's original concept. Unfortunately, they are inefficient; a major problem being that the tail rotor,
which prevents spinning caused by the single main rotor, is wasteful and uses much of the engine's output
that could otherwise be put toward thrust. A model is in development for a dual-interlocking-rotor design
that will not require a tail rotor for stability. An extant, small-scale, electric model had a problem with
two gears designed to synchronize the rotation of the axles and blades. They were too far apart to mesh
correctly, and often skipped teeth. Two new gears are now installed on the current frame that will mount
and mesh properly. The re-mounting of the blades is the only task remaining before the motor housing is
complete. The motors will be tested for speed and power prior to a test flight. If this design passes the
prototype stage, it will improve the efficiency and reduce the size of future helicopters. These effects
could turn air travel into a more practical and common form of transportation.
88
I09
A Design for a More Efficient Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Presenter(s)
Peter Howes, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Branson Lawrence, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Wind power is becoming a more popular source of energy in the world. As fossil fuels run out, wind
turbines are a logical choice for a reliable means of generating power. The purpose of this investigation is
to create and test alternative vertical axis wind turbine designs. Advertised efficiency of vertical-axis
turbines is often higher than the actual efficiency. Research shows the design to be tested results in
electrical production much closer to the advertised number compared to the production of other designs.
Small scale models of the existing turbine and the potential turbine will be tested to observe their
electrical output under realistic wind conditions. The turbine that produces a larger average electrical
output is more efficient and better suited to supply IMSA with energy. Currently, small-scale design
models have been constructed for comparison, and testing will commence shortly. If my investigation is
successful, IMSA will be able to generate more power from nature rather than relying on commercial
sources.
I10
Understanding the Formation of Toroidal-Spiral Particle
Presenter(s)
Aditya Karan, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Ying Liu, University of Illinois at Chicago
For the treatment of complex diseases, such as brain cancer, delivery of multiple compounds with
synergistic effects is ideal. However, no current technology can separately control the release mechanics
while multiple compounds are enclosed. The toroidal-spiral particle's unique internal structure makes it a
candidate for a novel drug delivery system. The goal of this study was to determine the conditions under
which the toroidal-spiral particle forms. Millimeter-sized drops of polyethylene glycol were sedimented
in a solution containing glycerol, ethanol, and water, during which the viscous force sheared the drop to
form the toroidal-spiral structure and the surrounding solution was enveloped into the channel. At higher
Reynolds number and at higher drop heights, the particle was unable to form at the higher viscosity ratios
that lower Reynolds number and lower drop height solutions could form the particle in. This information
is being used in the laboratory to understand the self-loading capabilities and the release mechanics of the
toroidal-spiral particle with the ultimate goal of using it for effective drug delivery.
89
I11
Optimizing the Conditions of Atomic Layer Deposition of Hafnium Oxide, HfO2
Presenter(s)
Samir Mishra, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Shobhit Roy, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Christos Takoudis, University of Illinois at Chicago
Runshen Xu, University of Illinois at Chicago
High k technology is on the verge of replacing traditional SiO films for use in next generation
nanoelectronics, such as complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS) and dynamic randomaccess
memory (DRAM). From all the metal oxides, hafnium oxide (HfO2) is the most favorable in terms
of its large band offset to silicon (1.5 eV), negligible leakage current, and good thermal stability with Si.
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is widely considered as one of the most powerful fabrication techniques
of CMOS devices and DRAM cells due to its precise thickness control and excellent conformal
deposition. In this project, tetrakis(diethylamino) hafnium (TDEAH) with ozone as an oxidizer was used
to deposit ultra thin HfO2 films on Si(100) substrates by ALD. To explore ALD-type growth, we
investigated different deposition conditions, such as the pulse and purge durations of both metal precursor
and ozone and temperatures. The thickness of the deposited film was measured by a spectra ellipsometer.
From our data, we determined the purge and pulse times as well as the ALD temperature window that
would optimize growth rate, indicating that the deposition process is an ALD-type self-limiting growth.
With these conditions, we can develop efficient methods of fabricating HfO2 thin films.
I12
Thermodynamic and Physical Properties of Ni2TiGa
Presenter(s)
Byron Mui, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Song Chen, Illinois Institute of Technology
Yoonsung Chung, Illinois Institute of Technology
Susan Meschel, Illinois Institute of Technology
Philip Nash, Illinois Institute of Technology
This experiment has found thermodynamic and physical properties of the Heusler alloy, Ni2TiGa. This
information will be used as reference for future application of this alloy. The Heusler alloy was first
synthesized through Arc melting and powder pellets. The resulting sample is then inspected up close to
reassure that it is truly the Heusler Alloy. Once that is confirmed, the sample undergoes various tests, for
example calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and many more. Through calorimetry, the measured enthalpy of
formation was 37.7 ± 2.8 kJ/atom. Through X-ray diffraction, the measured lattice parameter was 5.8885
Å. The thermal expansion coefficient, found through dilatometry, was 14.15 x 10-6 per °C. The melting
point, found through differential scanning calorimetry, was around 1100-1150 °C. Through the hardness
test, the measured hardness was 444.96 ± 14.73 Hv. More properties, such as heat content at different
temperatures and stress, still need to be obtained. Overall, Heusler alloys tend to have ferromagnetism and
shape memory, which can be used to make stents, eyeglasses frames, and so forth. But at the same time,
with the brittleness of this alloy, applications are limited. One possible way to overcome this is to mold it
into thin strips which are layered together to increase its strength and hardness.
90
I13
Roller Coasters: Pushing Human Limits
Presenter(s)
Jonathan Munoz, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Samuel Smith, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Eric Hawker, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
As magnetic launchers and steel polymer continue to replace chain lifts and wooden tracks, modern roller
coasters push the limits of human safety by subjecting us to the most physically intensive forces. When
designing these mechanical monsters, engineers must consider a wide range of variables to not only
protect the health of the passengers, but also meet the demands of thrill seekers. Our research explores the
risks posed by the nauseating inversions and physics of steel coasters. We researched and outlined the
physical restrictions of roller coasters, the architectural aspects, and starting mechanisms and then
incorporated our data in a computer-designed model. By simulating the kinematics of roller coasters with
computer software, we researched the ideal roller coaster; one that grants the most satisfying experience
while not exceeding human capacities. Thus far, we applied our background knowledge of human
tolerance levels to various roller coaster elements and maximized their potential. Our current model
mimics the elements typical of a modern day hypercoaster and eases their restricting safety regulations.
While our design is still in progress, we hope our final blueprint will push the limits of inversions, starting
mechanisms, and drops typical in roller coaster construction.
I14
Designing a Mixed-Use Facility on a Four Acre Plot of Land
Presenter(s)
Benjamin Richardson, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Steven Vasilion, Vasilion Architects
We seek to design a practical, efficient, and creative mixed-use facility on a four-acre plot of land. This is
an actual site that is practically empty, and the owner wants to develop it. Our design needs to include
retail and office space, a larger banquet hall to replace the one currently on the site, and condo units
variable in size. Applicable city zoning laws and requirements were identified, and exterior designs were
made using Google Sketchup, and then condensed down to one final layout. Subsequently, designs of the
floor plans for the condo units were begun in AutoCAD. We expect to also have designed the interior
layout for the banquet facility, office and retail spaces, and a lobby for the banquet facility and residential
area. We designed a site that is pleasing to the owner, city, and ourselves, although it was challenging to
get every aspect to fit together. Our results will be presented to the owner and the city, and if the ideas we
had are well-liked, they may be implemented in the near future for the design of the site.
91
I15
Architecting a Chicago-Based Environmentally Friendly Triplex
Presenter(s)
Madison Rogers, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jesse McGrath, McGrath Architects, P.C
Clay Sewell, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Multi-family homes make up 18% of residential housing in the U.S. and 21% of carbon emissions come
from residential housing. Environmentally friendly technologies have been invented, which people have
become captivated with, though they have yet to be fully integrated within these complexes. A green
solution has been designed in hopes of making a tri-family complex a Passive House; a net zero energy
building that utilizes solar gain and renewable resources in order to reduce energy costs by 90%. The prefabricated
design will be affordable to all incomes, increasing the availability to the general public. Mayor
Daley's Chicago Green Homes initiative provided a context for this study, in hopes of moving Chicago
towards being a greener city. The complex has been designed to fit on a standard 25 foot x 125 foot
Chicago lot, complying with governmental codes. In addition to the architectural design, a sense of
appreciation for the architectural process has been gained: problem solving while staying true to the
vision and understanding the applications of green technology. It is hoped that this research will enhance
the public's perception of and appreciation for the integration of green technology into residential
housing, thereby limiting one's carbon footprint in the world.
I16
Exploring Field Programmable Gate Array Time to Digital Converters in High Energy Physics
Presenter(s)
Yanchen Shi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Douglas Zhu, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jin Wu, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) are used today in many electronics, including high energy
physics and medical physics detectors. FPGA time to digital converters (TDC) measure small time
differences by measuring signal delays. In our investigation, we tested the signal delay between two
signals in these FPGA TDCs in search of ways to reduce error and increase efficiency. Data were taken
and the signal delays versus standard deviations were graphed in order to observe the level of precision of
the FPGA. Multiple fine structures were observed throughout our plot of signal delays versus standard
deviations; these structures are still to be understood. Overall, our data showed that standard deviation
decreased when the time differences were measured using multiple channels. In addition, using a more
stable power supply also reduced the standard deviation. These results provide design guidelines when
applications of high precision time measurements are necessary.
92
I17
Changing a Cell's Fate: New Cures for Diseases and Illnesses
Presenter(s)
Hyun Jin Song, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Vitali Metlushko, University of Illinois at Chicago
The goal of this research, which is supported with new cancer cell biology, cellular biomechanics, and
high resolution biomedical imaging data, is to find whether different types of cancers can be cured
without using drugs, which often cause side effects. With our capabilities to reproduce the extracellular
matrix (ECM), we investigated how different kinds of ECM topographies affect cells' fate. One of our
goals is to make an ECM topography that could cure cancerous cells. As a first step, we used atomic force
microscopy to image cells in a liquid environment, a normal environment for living human cells. Second,
we employed state of the art electron beam lithography to fabricate ECM topographies that could be used
to test how cells grow and differentiate on them. Finally, our colleagues from the UIC College of
Medicine tested the relationship between different fabricated ECM topographies and how different cells,
ranging from normal to cancerous cells, responded to the fabricated ECM environment. Initial results
demonstrated that fabricated ECM topographies in fact influenced the cells' life. A possible extension to
this experiment would be to influence the ultimate cell types that stem cells become using ECM
topographies.
I18
How the Ratios of Plastic Acrylic Balls in a Plastic Ball Phantom Affect the Consistency of the
Phantom
Presenter(s)
Michael White, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Beverly Lau, University of Chicago
Robert Nishikawa, University of Chicago
Phantoms are used as a replacement to human body parts for the purpose of testing with radiation. The
phantom being used in these experiments was meant to be a substitute for the human breast for testing
mammography and tomosynthesis machines. The β value of these phantoms is a measure of the
phantoms' consistency. We decided to test the extreme ratios: all balls of one out of the five sizes, with
one phantom for each size. We took images using a mammography machine, and then analyzed the β
values given by graphs provided by a Python program. What we found was that the ratios had an effect on
the β values, with averages varying up to 0.22. We also found that the periodograms were never truly
radially symmetrical, while the program used to calculate β assumed radially symmetrical power spectra.
Also, a mixed bag of balls that we tested along with the radicals had a β value about equal to the average
of the β values of the extremes. T-tests still need to be conducted in order to gauge the statistical
significance of the difference in β values. We concluded that ratios of balls do have an effect on β.
93
I19
Nanoelectrode Arrays for Energy Storage and Ultrasensitive Sensing Application
Presenter(s)
Joly Wu, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Advisor(s)
Ralu Divan, Argonne National Laboratory
Typical fabrication processes for nano-architectured electrodes employ lithographic techniques followed
by dry or wet etching. The limited exposure time (40 h/ cm² area by e-beam lithography) for high dense
arrays of nanoelectrodes can be overcome via interference lithography. This technique offers the
advantage of submicron resolution over large sample areas. This project aimed to optimize the parameters
of interference lithography. Substrates (silicon, quartz, glass), coated with positive and negative
photoresists (S1805, SU-8, ma-N 405), resulted in a thickness range of 100 nm -10 μm. Using Lloyd's
two-mirror set-up and a HeCd laser (λ = 325 nm, 30 mW), samples were exposed at different angles (16°,
18°, 20°) and time intervals (10 - 2000 sec) in order to obtain the 250 nm structure size needed for
nanoelectrodes. After development, different hard mask metals (Al, Cr, Pt) were used for silicon etching
via reactive ion etching. Silicon wafers coated with negative resist ma-N 405 and exposed for 2000
seconds at 18° currently produces the combination of parameters easiest to replicate with consistent
results. Thus, a simple, maskless, and efficient way to fabricate silicon nanopillar electrodes has been
developed. The nanoelectrodes fabricated by this optimized process have potential applications in energy
storage and ultrasensitive sensing purposes.
I20
A Football Design to Enforce a Quick Release by a Quarterback
Presenter(s)
Baihan Yang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Matthew Spenko, Illinois Institute of Technology
The goal of this project is to design and develop a novel football which enforces a quick release by the
quarterback. The football measures the time between when it is snapped by the center and released by the
quarterback. This football will be used by recreational players who want to enforce a time limit on the
quarterback and competitive players who need to practice a quick release. To accomplish this, the football
utilizes a PIC® microcontroller that flashes a light-emitting diode if the quarterback holds the ball too
long. A prototype has been developed utilizing a standard football modified with a small circuit. The
prototype is complete and was tested in the field. The trials were not successful due to fabrication issues
regarding the mechanical robustness of the circuit. Specifically, the wires became entangled, which
caused short circuits. Additionally, the PIC® failed during testing due to unknown reasons, and needed to
be reprogrammed. Current work is centered on improving the robustness of the prototype so an accurate
evaluation can be performed. Along with the prototype, we prepared a survey and will obtain feedback to
further improve the design.
94
J01
A Continuous Change of the Aspirations of IMSA Students in Writing
Presenter(s)
Monica Daniels, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Tracy Townsend, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
This investigation focuses on what type of short story would best describe the changes that IMSA
students go through. The genres of stories that I am choosing from are fiction and nonfiction. Interviews
were used to find information to write about. Short stories are written in the two forms to determine
which style gets the idea across better. The investigation was changed to focus more on short stories
rather than a book. An interview consent form has been completed and three subjects were interviewed.
Half of one of the fiction stories has been written. The remainder of that story is being completed, as well
as the other stories.
J02
Writing an Educational and Engaging Script for Third through Fifth Grade Students
Presenter(s)
Kathleen Gundry, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Manuel Perez, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Science and scriptwriting rarely coincide beyond the science fiction. This inquiry focused on writing and
developing an educational script for the 45 minute IMSA on Wheels (IoW) show to effectively teach third
through fifth graders about electricity and magnetism. Altering the current disjointed eleven science
demonstrations into a show with a coherent plot and clear explanations required research into
scriptwriting techniques and educational storytelling. Other aspects of the original script needed altering
or more reviewing for the new script also. Further analysis will hopefully reveal that the revised script
improved the elementary school students' retention and understanding of electricity and magnetism.
Educating the children remains the ultimate objective of this exploration; the show should make learning
about science fun.
95
J03
Beginning the Process of Writing a Fantasy Novel
Presenter(s)
Perry Nelson, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Tracy Townsend, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
This investigation explores the writing process by beginning work on a fantasy novel. Characters and a
plot were developed, as well as a portion of the text, in order that the writer could see how different
aspects of the book fit together. Although the year began with only a detailed setting and structure for the
worlds the story takes place in, through extensive discussion and some research, three-dimensional
characters and a plot that allows them to grow were developed. Joseph Campbell's investigation of the
hero's journey, or the monomyth, was especially helpful. Discussion of various writing approaches led to
a decision to write portions of the novel selectively and out of order to maximize character development.
Many ideas grew out of this method, as well as a greater understanding of the characters and their roles in
the story. The writing and problem-solving skills developed through this inquiry project will allow the
writer to complete this novel and overcome any future challenges to the project.
K01
International Collaborative Effort for the Creation of Renewable Energy Applications and
Methodologies: Efficient Wind Power Production
Presenter(s)
Michael Atten, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Rafael Gonzalez, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Cai O'Connell, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Glenn "Max" McGee, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Aracelys Rios, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
More and more, the world is moving toward cleaner, renewable power sources. This shift in global focus
promises a brighter future for generations to come. In order to move with these shifts, and in an effort to
develop innovative ways for production of this cleaner energy, this investigation focused on wind energy
and turbine blade designs. It examined several variables affecting power output of turbines including
blade surface area, mass, and shape. Measuring voltage and current to find the average power output over
three minutes was the criterion for determining the best blade design. By testing each blade design at
different angles to the wind direction, it was determined that larger surface area, combined with a blade
angle of twenty degrees, produced the highest power output. It was also found that the most powerful
blade shapes had the lowest mass, making those designs economically advantageous. These findings
provide yet another step forward in improving the efficiency of wind turbine design and show promise for
a viable solution to one of the world's greatest problems: clean, renewable power.
96
K02
International Collaborative Effort for the Creation of Renewable Energy Applications and
Methodologies: Miscanthus Butanol Conversion
Presenter(s)
Mitchell Bieniek, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Garrett Flack, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Glenn "Max" McGee, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Aracelys Rios, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Fuel costs and environmental issues have driven the shift towards renewable resources. Butanol
production using bacteria has been suggested as one solution. The fermentation of butanol using glucose
extracted from the switchgrass Miscanthus giganteus was researched. Simple sugars were derived from
50 gram Miscanthus samples using a combination of milling, acid hydrolysis, and high pressure heating.
The first sample was tested quantitatively for glucose through titration and found to be about 16 g/L. The
ideal concentration is 40 g/L, therefore conditions will be varied to optimize production. The bacterium
Clostridium beijerinckii produced butanol from simple sugars anaerobically. The butanol produced in this
study is awaiting analysis by assay, which will be related to the concentration of glucose. Both the
economic feasibility and environmental friendliness of this process were also regarded. Consideration was
given to the starting material selection based on the environmental impact of their syntheses. The power
consumption of the butanol production method we utilized was also estimated, to determine if the process
could be made entirely green. This methodology for producing butanol shows promise as a viable
solution to one of the world's greatest problems: clean, renewable power.
97
K03
Exploring the Synergy of Wastewater Remediation and Bioenergy Production Through
Nannochloropsis Cultivation
Presenter(s)
Benjamin Kuo, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Timothy Strathmann, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Derek Vardon, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Among current world problems, the water and energy crises are two of the biggest. Use of algae has the
potential to impact this. Due to its plant-like nature, algae can participate in the water treatment processes
by helping to remove harmful chemicals from fertilizer run off, such as nitrates, ammonia, and
phosphates. Lipids isolated from algae can also be converted into biofuel. This study focused on the use
of Nannochloropsis, a less studied algae, in both wastewater filtration and biofuel production. The algae
were grown in varying concentrations of wastewater pre-filtered with 0.45-μm membranes to remove
sediments and bacteria that could interfere with results. Neutral lipid levels were tracked fluorometrically
using Red Nile Dye. Nannochloropsis grew only marginally better in concentrations of 75% and 100%
lipid than 25% or 50%, but it was clear that wastewater supports algae growth. Lipid analysis suggests
that higher biomass does not necessarily result in higher lipid contents. The algae also effectively
removed ammonia, though phosphorous tests were inconclusive. Unlike this study, others state higher
concentrations do not necessarily equate to better biomass productions, but they focused on biomass, not
lipid content, which differs here. Further work must clearly be done, but this technology continues to
show promise.
K04
Lighting of the Future: An Investigation of Light-Emitting Diode Efficiency
Presenter(s)
Neel Patel, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Seth Zelman, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Branson Lawrence, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Light-emitting diodes (LED) have become increasingly popular due to their ability to provide sufficient
lighting with only a small amount of power. This project attempted to develop a solution to maximize
energy efficiency in lighting by designing an LED bulb that runs on little energy, while providing an
adequate amount of light. An experiment was conducted to determine the flaws in consumer lighting. A
prototype design was then developed to eliminate the complications identified in these lights using
information gathered from testing incandescent, fluorescent, and LED bulbs. Experiment results showed
that the Accent 1.2 watt bulb proved most efficient with an average of 47.801 lumens per watt compared
to the next highest 44.373 average lumens per watt. The prototype avoided the LED directionality
problem by spreading light throughout the room, though it significantly decreased the average lumens per
watt ratio to 8.682. Results also showed the benefits of adding a diffuser lens to an LED bulb, increasing
the brightness of the prototype from 3.004 average lumens per watt to 8.682 average lumens per watt.
This project proves that LEDs are the new wave of lighting and that they are worth the savings in energy,
despite their initial cost.
98
K05
CdS/ZnS Quantum Dot-Photoexcited Glucose Oxidase Biosensor for Silver Ion Detection in
Contaminated Aqueous Environments
Presenter(s)
Nishith Reddy, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Karl Rockne, University of Illinois at Chicago
The increasing use of silver as an antimicrobial agent in commercial textile and pharmaceutical products
has raised concern for potential cytotoxicity in contaminated groundwater and surface water. The
objective of this study was to develop a biosensor for silver ion (Ag+) detection using CdS/ZnS core-shell
quantum dot-photoexcited glucose oxidase as a biological recognition element with optically quantified
signal transduction by spectroscopy. Biosensors are favored over alternative chemical methods because
they are potentially more sensitive, specific, and timely for on-site analysis. The proposed biosensor is
based upon exploiting the known inhibition of the enzyme glucose oxidase by Ag+ with quantum dot
reporting mechanism. The enzymatic reaction was characterized with absorbance and kinetics. A
significant correlation (R2 = 0.96161, df = 4, p = 0.000560) was established between Ag+ concentration
and D-(+)-glucose absorbance. Photoexcitation by quantum dots resulted in a shorter equilibration time (k
= -0.3262 min-1). The results suggest the feasibility of using a quantum dot-photoexcited glucose oxidase
inhibition biosensor for Ag+ detection. Further interference studies with factors such as enzyme
degradation, pH, temperature, and other contaminants are needed before field applications
K06
Designing a Building for the IMSA Energy Center that Runs on Only Solar and Wind Energy
Presenter(s)
Vanya Yorgova, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Branson Lawrence, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
This scientific investigation is to design a building for the IMSA Energy Center that would be solely
operated on wind and solar energy throughout the year. In order to do this project, solar and wind energy
output totals were recorded from the currently installed equipment at IMSA for all months. Once energy
output data was analyzed, a review of literature was undertaken for ideas with design and practical energy
systems. The combination of data analysis and literature review yielded the best way of passively and
actively constructing the IMSA building from the ground up to conserve as much energy as possible. A
design of the house using Google SketchUp is in progress; this will include a design for the structure of
the building, compass orientation, a floor plan, a passive and active heating system, and an electrical
power system. The importance of this investigation is that the information gathered is essential for the
creation of energy efficient homes across the country. This project also has the potential to result in a
lower carbon footprint for IMSA and others.
99
L01
Using Film as a Medium to Create a Documentary About Academic Integrity at IMSA
Presenter(s)
Megan Czajka, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Connor Tomasko, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Adam Kotlarczyk, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Spencer Parsons, Northwestern University
The goal of this investigation was to investigate how film can be used as a medium to portray a particular
subject or idea. The students created a documentary in order to discover how the visual arts can convey an
idea in a different manner than writing a research paper or essay. Various documentaries and films about
high school students, including The Breakfast Club and High School, helped them gain an understanding
of the process that professional filmmakers often use to express a certain idea. Students and staff at
IMSA, such as Dr. Devol and Ms. Townsend, were interviewed in order to gain many different views and
ideals about academic integrity. The film portrays the nature of IMSA students visually in addition to
verbally through footage of the school. In the final stages, the students created a thoughtful outline of all
of the interviews, and edited them together to formulate a documentary that should successfully depict
their conclusions about academic integrity at IMSA. The skills and knowledge obtained from this
investigation can be used to help students at IMSA utilize film in their own classes in order to evoke
emotion and artistic style from a particular argument or viewpoint.
M01
Emotion in Journalism: Changes in Reporting Disasters and How They Affect Coverage
Presenter(s)
Shelby Daniel-Wayman, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
James Victory, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
After Hurricane Katrina, controversy erupted over the use of emotion in journalism. Some argued that the
coverage of the storm was far less impartial than any journalism before it, while others argued over
whether this emotion was useful. I have compared news articles and video footage from Hurricane
Katrina with those of Hurricane Camille to determine if there has been a change in emotionalism in
reporting and whether this change has affected the quality of the reporting. These videos, as well as a
comparison of the use of emotionally charged words in the articles, led me to conclude that journalists
after Hurricane Katrina were much less reserved. This problem was especially pronounced in the video
coverage, where multiple reporters abandoned objectivity to plead for storm victims on camera. Their
distress prevented them from delivering thorough and accurate coverage of the events. The comparison of
these two storms indicates that journalists must endeavor to return to a less emotional style of reporting if
they wish to provide quality news coverage of disasters.
100
M02
Latin American Women in Revolution: Mexico and Nicaragua in the Twentieth Century
Presenter(s)
Joscelyn Garcia, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Kathryn Kadel, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Eric Smith, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
In the past century there have been two influential revolutionary movements in the Latin American
countries of Mexico and Nicaragua: the Mexican Revolution and the Sandinista Revolution. In both
revolutions, a significant number of women from different backgrounds were involved and had great
influence in the outcomes. This investigation focuses on the opportunities and limitations women had
before and after the revolutionary events, as well as the methods and motives for their involvement. These
women defied the social norms of machismo, where women were expected to be child-bearers and
housewives. Many women broke cultural barriers in the time of change in their countries and displayed
considerable courage. Though their motives might differ, in the end women improved their situation in
the countries as a result of revolutionary activity. Men realized that women were able to accomplish great
things and gave them more respect. Overall, as women showed increasing bravery and challenged their
traditional roles, they were able to improve the effectiveness of the revolutionary movements and their
treatment at home.
M03
Paint the Town Red: How Marxism Influences Politics Today
Presenter(s)
Miranda Herzog, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Christian Nokkentved, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
In 1848, Marx and Engels published The Communist Manifesto, a pamphlet outlining the views of the
young Communist Party. This system of thought took Europe by storm, spawning multiple Socialist and
Communist ideologies which ultimately resulted in the creation of the world's first Marxist state. This
year marks the twentieth anniversary of the collapse of the Soviet Union, but Marxist thought and its
derivations still subtly influence the fields of philosophy and political theory. This investigation is a
literature review of Socialist thought from Marx through the German and Russian Socialists of the mid-
1900s. The texts used in this study include both primary and secondary sources. Through this study, I
have discovered how the theoretical roots of Marxism paved the way for political systems and economic
theories around the world. The examination of these theories reveals how their ideas still permeate
politics today. Ultimately, this is a history of ideas: the story of Socialism told through a spectrum of
Marxist philosophies.
101
M04
Ethics in Legislation: The Search for the Basis of Ethics
Presenter(s)
Melissa O'Brien, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Kimberly Sherwin, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Lee Eysturlid, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Ethics in legislation plays a critical role in today's society because it shapes people's opinions on the
effectiveness of their government. Last year we found that as a result of the perceptions of scandals in
government, people have lost faith in their elected officials. To extend the study, we created surveys
based upon our research and consultation with our outside expert. We distributed surveys to both Illinois
state legislators and Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy parents. Our sample sizes for the parents
and legislators were 158 and thirty-one respectively. Our findings showed a statistically significant
difference in the legislators' and parents' perspectives on the capability of the general public to make
informed decisions. In addition, legislators have less confidence in the public's knowledge of ethics than
IMSA parents, despite the fact that both samples have similar educational backgrounds. This study
suggests that both legislators and citizens are concerned about ethical standards in government but have
distinctly different opinions on how to make improvements in the ethical values of public officials.
M05
"O Jesus, Through the Immaculate Heart of Mary" Versus "What up, J.C.?": Protestantism from
Reformation to Modern Day
Presenter(s)
Jeannine Schulz, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Robert Kiely, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
In matters of faith, it is fundamental to understand where beliefs originated. Modern Protestant values and
ideas stem from the Protestant Reformation and have been continually evolving since the early 1500's.
My study investigates the beginning of Protestantism and its transformation through the centuries into
distinct denominations. Through examining historical and theological accounts, as well as primary texts
written by early Christian forefathers (Luther, Calvin, and so forth), I look at the theology behind Luther's
separation from the Roman Catholic Church. I have explored key biblical texts and their varying
interpretations, and have also found evidence that suggests the initial reasoning for the Protestant
Reformation didn't solely come from varying conclusions made about the texts, but also from the political
controversy in the Catholic Church. The aftermath of this initial division triggered others to break away
from the Catholic Church and/or Luther and start their own denomination of Christianity based on their
personal beliefs. This trend of divisions has continued to the hundreds of different sects and
denominations present in modern day Protestantism.
102
M06
Rural Electrification in the United States and Russia: Causes and Social Consequences
Presenter(s)
Sarah Weitekamp, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Claiborne Skinner, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Electricity's introduction to rural areas drastically alters people's lives. Comparing Russia and the United
States in the first decades of the twentieth century underlines the dramatic social effects of electrification
comprehensively. Through analysis of oral histories, primary sources, and literature reviews, this project
examined the changes electrification brought to rural people. In America, rural electrification's delay
widened the divide between urban and rural societies, yet the transition is more complex than presumed.
Unlike Russia's citizens, rural Americans were ready for grid electrification, thanks to their earlier
exposure to small generators. While private utilities failed to utilize the public market, viewing only
short-term losses, farmers clamored for larger-scale electrification. Created in 1935 by Franklin D.
Roosevelt, the Rural Electrification Administration, along with the Tennessee Valley Authority, served
this purpose, establishing farmer-owned cooperatives and encouraging the production of affordable
appliances. In Russia, however, rural electrification was not widely adopted because small generator use
was not widespread, and therefore that vital first step towards extensive rural electricity consumption
never occurred. Rural electrification's importance is long lasting: while Russia's failure to furnish
agricultural modernization through electrification devastated its agriculture industry, today's American
agriculture industry arose through electrical modernization.
N01
Politics of Globalization: Crises, Economic Human Rights, and Inequality
Presenter(s)
Jennifer Crawford, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Steven Ramirez, Loyola University
The current model of globalization is faulty. The purpose of this research was to determine how politics
continues to influence policies governing globalization, the extent of the infringement on economic
human rights, the political effects and causes of the subprime mortgage crisis, and the extent of growing
inequality between the elite and the average citizens. There are three main problems with globalization
today. First, people cannot move freely, but jobs can. Second, export-led growth has influenced global
inequality and a distorted aggregate demand, increasing incentive for over-consumption in developed
countries. Third, there is a transnational governing class of elites whose interests are separated from those
of the average person. After researching these problems, it is necessary to conclude that a new form of
globalization is needed, one that addresses the needs of the majority. One sound solution is to adapt the
International Monetary Fund to become a global reserve bank that engages in fractional reserve banking
to invest in infrastructure and human rights worldwide, driving a shift from export-led growth to
innovation-led growth. Another sound solution is to empower people to move freely.
103
N02
A Western Legal Shift to Incorporate Indigenous Intellectual Knowledge
Presenter(s)
Diliana Dimitrova, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
William Mock, The John Marshall Law School
Christian Nokkentved, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
The focus of this research project has been on intellectual property rights and concepts in relation to
indigenous knowledge, because indigenous communities often have their information unfairly used by
for-profit corporations. This project provides an analysis of current legal intellectual property concepts in
existence and the need for a shift in order to incorporate indigenous knowledge protection needed by
indigenous communities. The method of investigation has been literature review, and the results have
indicated a need for a new type of intellectual protection. Such methods of protection are already used in
some parts of the world such as Peru, and a proposed solution would be for the establishment of a world
intellectual property database to which indigenous communities could submit their knowledge for
protection and record. This would allow for monetary benefits to indigenous groups, as well as providing
protection and a record of their information that they may not otherwise have. The implications of this
study are wide, for indigenous communities from all over the world have had information unfairly used
by for-profit corporations, and an intellectual property agreement would greatly benefit such
communities.
N03
Mass Incarceration and Its Effects in Society
Presenter(s)
Haley Ramirez, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
James Carey, Loyola University
Currently, the United States boasts the highest incarceration rate in the world with a minority
incarceration rate considerably higher than that of any other country. Chicago has one of the most over
populated prisons in the nation. My research has primarily consisted of literature review focused on the
reasons for the drastic rise in the incarceration, the laws and provisions constructed for this political
atmosphere, and how these affect society. It has also included trips to the courthouse and interviews with
several members of the justice system. Since the 1980s, the United State's incarceration rate has been
rising at an alarming pace (about 975% from 1982 to 1990). Drug crimes are the largest contributor to the
rising incarceration rate. The War on Drugs created laws such as the three-strike law, which caused a rise
in violent crimes as well as created lifelong felons. These felons cannot vote, hold certain jobs, or take
advantage of government programs such as welfare, which makes it hard for those leaving prisons to
support themselves. This population is disproportionally made up of minorities. This creates a sector of
society, mostly minorities, which has no voice in the government.
104
N04
Mandatory Death Penalty in Africa
Presenter(s)
Vamika Venkatesan, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Sandra Babcock, Northwestern University
Brook Miscoski, Northwestern University
If a country has mandatory death penalty, that means that there is a penal code on record and that it is
currently in use. When a country has a mandatory death penalty, courts are required to sentence offenders
to death without considering aggravating and mitigating factors to the offense. This inquiry focused on
researching the mandatory death penalty in Africa. A database was created containing information about
cases and laws from ninety-two countries. Findings showed a gradient of maintaining and implementing a
mandatory death penalty among many countries in Africa. Kenya, Uganda, and Malawi all do not have a
mandatory death penalty because during cases, the courts have deemed the mandatory death penalty
unconstitutional. Lesotho, Botswana, and Zimbabwe use the mandatory death penalty at discretion.
Lesotho rarely ever uses the mandatory death penalty, but Zimbabwe ends up turning to the mandatory
death penalty many times. Other countries like Nigeria, Congo, and Tanzania all have and implement a
mandatory death penalty for a myriad of reasons, including murder, terrorism, and adultery.
Understanding the history and nature of the mandatory death penalty in Africa can help combat the
mandatory death penalty in other African court cases.
O01
Investigations in Open Symmetric Pentomino Problems
Presenter(s)
Shiladitya Bhattacharyya, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
James Quigley, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Oscar To, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Vincent Matsko, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
The fundamental nature of pentominoes has puzzled scholars and recreational enthusiasts alike for
centuries. The twelve pieces, easily envisioned as Tetris pieces with five blocks instead of four, have
given rise to a variety of problems. People have successfully derived rectangles of every possible
dimension, and even determined the number of possible piece arrangements for each rectangle. Solomon
Golomb's 1960 publication, Polyominoes, formalized solution methods for many pentomino problems,
most notably tiling and symmetry arguments. Despite the discovered solutions to many pentomino
problems, a large number of problems still remain unsolved. The focus of our investigation was the twin
pentomino problem, which asked for the maximum height of identical structures made from six
pentominoes. Currently, the maximum known height is h = 16. Our investigation attempted to find
solutions to this problem both through proof and through exhaustion. Over the course of the investigation,
we successfully formalized several arguments regarding the nature of the problem, including the
necessary location of the "I" piece, the impossibility of twins with pieces that are only tangent at one side
unit, and a problem regarding axes of symmetry. Our presentation will be focused on these proofs and the
possibility of determining the maximum height of symmetric twins.
105
O02
Questions in Computational Group Theory
Presenter(s)
Marcelo Diop-Gonzalez, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Micah Fogel, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
While all information about a group is theoretically contained in its finite presentation, it is often difficult
to compute useful facts about a group from a given presentation. For instance, determining whether a
group is finite, or even trivial, from a presentation is known to be computationally complex (NP-complete
or harder, depending on the exact question being asked). During this investigation, we probed the limits
of this complexity by studying groups with very simple presentations and determining just how large and
complex the group could get. In particular, we examined groups with simple presentations to determine
whether they were abelian and whether we could determine the order. This would tell us whether we
could get very large, very complicated groups with very small presentations. While the group presented
by <a, b | a3, ab2a> can be reduced to a group with relatively small order, the group represented by <a, b |
a3, ab2ab> is not easily reducible to a group of small order. If a very small presentation could produce
groups with orders comparable to extremely fast-growing functions such as that of Ackermann, we would
know that the problem of computing information about even the simplest of groups from their
presentation would be computationally infeasible.
O03
On the Coloring of Graph Products
Presenter(s)
Derek Hardin, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Hemanshu Kaul, Illinois Institute of Technology
The chromatic number of graph products has been one of the most studied fields in chromatic graph
theory. The Hedetniemi Conjecture purports to characterize the chromatic number of graph tensor
products as the minimal chromatic number of the factor graphs. This conjecture has gone without a proof,
though substantial progress has been made on subcases and weaker variants. In this paper, the extant
results about the Hedetniemi Conjecture are extended to Mycielski graphs and generalized to subcases of
the repeated application of strong products and Cartesian products to factor graphs. Since graphs possess
unique factorizations over the Cartesian product operation and the strong product operation, a full
characterization of this case would prove the Hedetniemi Conjecture. Throughout the investigation,
inductive proof techniques are developed that might prove applicable in such an extension, mostly
through the investigation of repeated application of the strong and Cartesian product operations. This
project has significant implications for the general chromatic structure of graphs, as well as, on a broader
scale, for bandwidth allocation and scheduling algorithms.
106
O04
Flipping the Winner of a Poset Game
Presenter(s)
Adam Kalinich, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Lance Fortnow, Northwestern University
Partially-ordered set games, also called poset games, are a class of two-player combinatorial games. The
playing field consists of a set of elements, some of which are greater than other elements. Two players
take turns removing an element and all elements greater than it, and whoever takes the last element wins.
Examples of poset games include Nim and Chomp. I investigated the complexity of computing which
player of a poset game has a winning strategy. I gave an inductive procedure that modifies poset games to
change the nim-value which informally captures the winning strategies in the game. For a generic poset
game G, I described a method for constructing a game ¬G such that the first player has a winning strategy
if and only if the second player has a winning strategy on G. This solved the long-standing problem of
whether this construction can be done efficiently. This construction also allowed me to reduce the class of
Boolean formulas to poset games, establishing a lower bound on the complexity of poset games.
O05
Investigating Flat Foldability of Box Pleated Origami Models
Presenter(s)
Jisoo Kim, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Vincent Matsko, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
An origami model is said to be flat foldable if the model can lie on a two-dimensional surface. This trait,
important in creating the basic structures of origami models, is related to the crease pattern formed by the
model. In this investigation, box pleating - origami designing method that uses simple angles - was
studied and used to design origami models. The crease patterns formed by the box pleated models were
then analyzed in terms of their lengths and angles formed. Variations of angular and parity of the creases
were created by changing the initial approach to the box pleating technique. As a result, a simple box
pleating procedure was developed and some of the flat foldable crease patterns were explained in terms of
angle measurements and geometry of the creases. This explanation of flat foldability through twodimensional
mathematic indicates that there may be a way to dictate all the necessary rules to freely
transform a paper into two dimensions, which would lead to more possibilities in designing origami
models in the future.
107
O06
An Extension of the Erdös-Ginzburg-Ziv Theorem: Non-Zero Sums in Zn
Presenter(s)
Corinne Madsen, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Noah Prince, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
The Erdös-Ginzburg-Ziv (EGZ) theorem is an important theorem in additive number theory which states
that any sequence of 2n-1 elements from Zn has a subsequence of length n that sums to 0. The EGZ
theorem has been generalized to Zn
2 by Reiher and to finite abelian groups in a much stronger form by the
Ballobàs-Leader theorem. This investigation was focused on extending the EGZ Theorem to non-zero
sums in Zn. We found that the problem behaved differently in three situations: when n is prime, when n
and x are coprime, and when n and x are not coprime. For the case when n is prime, we proved that, for
any nonzero element x from Zp, a sequence of 2p-2 elements has a p-length sum to x. For the case when n
and x are coprime, we proved that, if q is the smallest prime factor dividing n, a sequence of (n-1)*(n/q)
q-1 elements from Zn has a n-length sum to x. For the third case when n and x are not coprime, we believe
it can be simplified to the form of summing to yh-1 mod yh where r is a prime, for which we conjecture
that 2yh -2 is the sequence length needed.
O07
Reading Differences Between Printed Books and E-Readers
Presenter(s)
Matthew Rasmussen, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Richard Stalmack, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
As e-reading technology improves, more and more people are reading e-books, and perhaps these ereaders
could be adopted for educational use. In order to investigate how well these e-readers can be used
in comparison to printed books and each other, subjects read short stories by F. Scott Fitzgerald on an
iPadTM, a KindleTM, and a printed book. They then took a survey on how comfortable the devices were to
use and read in comparison to one another and the printed book. While the initial goal was to have fifteen
subjects complete testing and surveying in order to have a sufficient body of evidence to determine
differences in reading speed, readability, and comfort, testing has not yet been completed with that many
subjects. However, anecdotal evidence and initial testing results indicate that the iPadTM is more difficult
to read from than the KindleTM or the printed book. Once testing is finished, the data on reading speed,
comfort, and readability will be analyzed using multivariable regression. It will be interesting to see if the
initial observations hold up after multivariable analysis is conducted, and if a difference between the
KindleTM and printed book emerges. The information produced by this investigation could help to indicate
whether or not the adoption of e-readers for use in educational settings would be useful.
108
O08
Stable Expansions of the Integers
Presenter(s)
Rose Sloan, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
David Marker, University of Illinois at Chicago
This investigation examined whether a model with the integers, addition, and a predicate can be stable. In
particular, I added a predicate for powers of two and a predicate for numbers that are equal to two raised
to its own power a whole number of times. I looked at quantifier elimination in these models, looking
particularly at eliminating quantifiers from formulas of the form ∃x(P(x) & P(mx ny)) where m and n are
constants. I was able to find a general solution for formulas of this form when P is a predicate for powers
of two, but it relied on an additional function dependent on ordering. When P is a predicate for two raised
to its own power a whole number of times, many equations of the form ∃x(P(x) & P(mx ny)) have simple
quantifier-free equivalents, but in other cases, quantifier elimination appears to be impossible. In
particular, it is likely impossible to eliminate quantifiers from the formula ∃x(P(x) & P(x y)) where P any
predicate similar to those I looked at. These results show that this problem cannot be solved through a
quantifier elimination approach.
O09
The Leader Mentality: The Importance of Scoring First in a Major League Baseball Game
Presenter(s)
Michael Teng, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Kevin Zhao, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Christopher Kolar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
We investigate the probability of a Major League Baseball team winning a baseball game after scoring
first in that game given different parameters, such as which era the game was played in (for example, the
steroids era versus the post-steroids era) and whether the game was a regular season game or a playoff
game. Using data extracted from Retrosheet's online databases, we find the record of every Major League
Baseball team between 1950 and 2010 after scoring first. We compare these records between and within
years in order to determine the significance of scoring first in a baseball game. We show that the
probability of winning the game after scoring first is approximately 65%, although this fluctuated and
differed between eras. We further show that there is a negative correlation between the number of runs
scored and the significance of scoring first in a game. We present the probability of winning a Major
League Baseball game after scoring first and discuss possible implications this may have on the way the
game of baseball is played and managed.
109
P01
The Comparison of Motility in Parent Versus High Nitric Oxide Adapted Cells
Presenter(s)
Courtney Amegashie, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Eftychia Gouvas, University of Illinois at Chicago
James Radosevich, University of Illinois at Chicago
Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical, recognized for its role in carcinogenesis and tumor growth. Our
laboratory has previously adapted several cancer cell lines to high nitric oxide (HNO) levels by gradually
exposing the cells to increasing concentrations of a NO donor. This cell line model represents what is
seen clinically in NO expression. It has been shown that cell migration rates are a measure of tumor
aggressiveness. In this study, we compare the migration velocity of several cancer cell line pairs to
determine if NO influences tumor cell migration. Overall, the HNO cell lines exhibited a faster migration
rate than their corresponding parent cell lines. The results herein suggest that cells growing in high NO
microenvironments have greater metastatic potential than cells growing in relatively lower NO
microenvironments. Cell migration rates varied among the locations tested, and between pairs. As such,
little can be concluded here about the effect of cell line origin on the migration rates of cancer cells.
Future work will focus on validating the in vivo use of NO expression as a biomarker for predicting the
aggressiveness of tumors as well as several other human tumors.
P02
A Comparison of Zantac and Prevacid in the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux in Premature
Infants Diagnosed with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Presenter(s)
Omotayo Balogun, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Kari Tyler, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Maliha Shareef, Loyola University
We investigated the effectiveness of Prevacid (lansoprazole) in comparison to Zantac (ranitidine) in the
treatment of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in premature infants with chronic bronchopulmonary
dysplasia (BPD). Traditionally, Prevacid is the preferred method of treatment in neonates; however
whether it is truly more effective is unknown. We gathered information between the years of 2005-2009
from the Loyola University Medical's Neonatal Intensive Care Unit database. In order to determine the
effectiveness of the two drugs, we collected information pertaining to: gestational age, delivery method,
Apgar scores (1 and 5 minutes), start and end dates of Prevacid or Zantac treatment, and severity of GER
with regards to apnea and bradycardia for each patient. From an initial analysis of the data, it was
concluded that frequency of apnea and bradycardia would be a better measure of the severity of GER than
incidence of apnea and bradycardia, which we initially collected. In light of this change, the analysis of
the data is ongoing. Our hope is that our study will be able to help doctors choose the best treatment
option for infants inflicted with GER.
110
P03
Ampicillin Resistance in Escherichia coli: Adaptation or Mutation?
Presenter(s)
Madeline Booton, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Donald Dosch, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Wild-type Escherichia coli is a bacterium that is susceptible to ampicillin. Any resistance that E. coli
could demonstrate could either be induced through a physiological change or a genetic mutation. Using
Kirby-Bauer tests, wild-type E. coli was exposed to ampicillin, and colonies exhibiting resistance were
isolated and grown for a three day recovery period without ampicillin. The isolates were then re-exposed
to ampicillin to determine if the resistance had changed. After determining that the resistance to
ampicillin seemed to be a permanent change, the isolated colonies were tested against different antibiotics
that have different mechanisms, like inhibiting cell wall or protein synthesis, and statistical analysis on
the zones of the other antibiotics has been done to gain insight into the mechanism of resistance. Since
antibiotic resistant bacteria are becoming a health issue, knowing and understanding the mechanism of
ampicillin resistance in E. coli could help avoid future problems with antibiotic resistant bacteria.
P04
An Investigation of Periodontal Diseases
Presenter(s)
Seth Butcher, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Dean Lodding, Smiles for Life Dental
Several aspects of periodontal disease were investigated, including discovering the most resilient strains
of disease causing bacteria and determining the usefulness of follow up procedures. A brief excursion was
made into endodontics to search for factors that may lead to root canal procedures. For the periodontal
side, patient dental pocket-depth records were evaluated before and after periodontal treatment to
determine change in depth. These results were then analyzed to determine a connection to the specific
strains of bacteria present before the procedure and the improvement in the patient. The results of this
investigation are preliminary, as more data will have to be collected before any conclusive results can be
found. Thus far, results have only been linked to individual strains of bacteria. Future results will include
connections between improvement and several combinations of bacteria. The investigation should result
in guidelines for periodontal bacteria resilience. Once more data has been analyzed, the investigation will
have obtained resilience strengths of ten different strains of bacteria and the strength of combinations of
those ten strains. This knowledge can be applied to dental offices to determine the severity of patient
conditions and to prescribe treatments of appropriate strength.
111
P05
Evaluating Computerized Tomography Scans Ordered from the Emergency Room for Suspected
Pulmonary Embolism
Presenter(s)
Ajay Chatrath, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Arun Jagannathan, Riverside Medical Center
Although computerized tomography (CT) scans are useful for diagnosing illnesses, there is increasing
concern of overuse throughout the United States, resulting in excessive radiation exposure to patients. CT
scans performed for suspected pulmonary embolism from the emergency room are especially overused,
since approximately only two percent of these scans have a positive result. One hundred of these scans
ordered from one hospital's emergency room were evaluated using the Geneva model. The Geneva model
uses clinical symptoms to assign a numerical value that reflects the probability of the patient having
pulmonary embolism. CT results were correlated with D-dimer tests, which indicate probable blood clot
formation. Although D-dimer tests were positive more often than CT scans, CT scans were much more
accurate. The results suggest that the number of CT scans could be reduced by performing CT scans in
the emergency room when a patient's Geneva model score is greater than two, the patient has a positive
D-dimer result, or the patient cannot have a D-dimer test performed.
P06
Type 2 Diabetes Risk Factors at IMSA
Presenter(s)
James Chen, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Sowmya Anjur, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Rebecca Lipton, University of Chicago
The goal of this study is to construct a questionnaire exploring whether or not a stressful academic
environments such as IMSA's bring with them increased exposure to factors that can potentially
predispose a student to develop type 2 diabetes (T2D) later on in life. Although there are many studies
that detail T2D risk factors, there are few that include non-traditional risk factors like stress, and almost
no examples that relate these risk factors to academic environments. A thorough literature review was
completed, upon which the survey was then based. The survey was constructed by combining Cohen's
Perceived Stress Scale questionnaire with selected questions from the National Youth Risk Behavior
Survey created by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. At present, the survey to assess
diabetes risk factors has been finalized and tested, but data collection has not yet begun. We plan to
administer the survey to current and former IMSA students using an anonymous, web-based format. This
will yield prevalence of self-reported risk factors among participating IMSA members, by age and gender,
which will be discussed during the presentation. Ultimately, this investigation will begin to examine the
connection between academic environments and type 2 diabetes risk factors that literature has implied,
but not confirmed.
112
P07
Genetic Influences on Cellular Debris Handling in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Presenter(s)
Nitin Chilukuri, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Ajay Pius, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Abhinav Reddy, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Timothy Niewold, University of Chicago
Systemic lupus erythematosus, a multi-system autoimmune disorder, has uncertain causes. Although
much research has tried to identify the cause of lupus, no definitive correlations have been made. A
theory exists that certain genetic factors related to the removal of cellular debris may predispose
individuals to lupus. This study examined the race, gender, age, and C-reactive protein (CRP), CR2,
FCγRIIA, and FCγRIIIA gene presence in 287 lupus patients. Logistic regression was used to determine
correlations between these and the cytokine and antibody levels of the patients. Preliminary data analysis
revealed in the African-American patients there were correlations between age and the CR2 gene on antiribonucleoprotein
levels as well as age and the CRP and CR2 genes on anti-DNA levels. In the Hispanic
patients there were correlations between age and the FCγRIIIA gene on the anti-La levels as well as age
and the FCγRIIIA, CRP, and CR2 genes on anti-DNA levels. Analysis is ongoing to confirm these
correlations and will test for similar correlations among Caucasian and Asian patients. These correlations
are potential pathways in determining future prognosis and treatment options, particularly through
considering specific genetic and ancestral factors.
P08
Chest Computerized Tomography Imaging Findings in Patients With Localized Sarcoma
Presenter(s)
Samantha Donermeyer, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
James Nachman, University of Chicago
Some patients with a localized sarcoma (no metastases at diagnosis) develop pulmonary metastases after
going off initial chemotherapy treatment. Lung metastasis after therapy completion is the main cause of
treatment failure. The goal of this study is to assess the benefits and risks of using chest computerized
tomography (CT) scans at defined intervals to search for metastases. Chest CT scans are more sensitive,
less specific, and expose patients to higher doses of radiation compared to chest X-rays. We reviewed all
off therapy chest CT scans for fifty patients whose chest CT at off therapy revealed no pulmonary
nodules. Nine out of fifty (18%) never developed pulmonary nodules. Eight of fifty (16%) had nodules
identified which initially or subsequently met criteria for biopsy and had proven metastatic disease. Thirty
three of fifty (66%) developed at least one pulmonary nodule which never met biopsy criteria. The high
percentage of false positive scans raises the question about the utility of chest CT scanning in off-therapy
patients. A randomized trial of chest X-ray versus CT scanning for off-therapy follow-up is unlikely to be
performed. Therefore, data on more patients followed with CT scans would be helpful in deciding followup
for future patients.
113
P09
Comparison of Sun Protection Behavior and Tanning Habits in Adolescents Based on Age, Gender,
and Skin Tone
Presenter(s)
Annie Guo, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
June Robinson, Northwestern University
Of all skin cancers, melanoma is the deadliest form and the one most linked to sun-related habits and
behaviors in patients. In the past decade, people have become increasingly aware of sun protection. The
objective of this study was to view adolescent perspectives toward tanning habits and sun protection
behavior based on gender, age, and natural skin tone. We surveyed 107 high school students between the
ages of 16-years old and 18-years old attending prom in a western suburb of the Chicagoland region. Our
results demonstrated that younger subjects tended to have healthier Sun habits than older subjects.
Establishing how adolescents take precautionary steps towards sun protection can help future
investigations determine preventative measures for sun safety.
P10
What are the Consequences of the Loss of PAX3 Function in Melanoma?
Presenter(s)
Annie Guo, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Deborah Lang, University of Chicago
Erica Littlejohn, University of Chicago
The transcription factor PAX3 is over-expressed in primary melanoma tumors compared to benign
lesions, and its role in promoting the cancer phenotype is poorly understood. To elucidate the function of
PAX3 in tumor progression we created a melanoma cell line, TR5, that silences PAX3 upon induction.
The TR5 line constitutively expresses a shRNA transcript targeting PAX3 as well as a shRNA repressor.
In the presence of tetracycline the repressor is inhibited and the transcript silences PAX3. During our cell
counts we observed significant growth arrest and no evidence of apoptosis in treated TR5 cells compared
to untreated. Morphology changes were observed when PAX3 was knocked down in the TR5 cells. Their
cytoplasm width and dendritic number and length dramatically changed, resembling a more differentiated
cell type. The data suggests that PAX3 plays a role in melanoma progression by promoting cell growth
and preventing terminal differentiation.
114
P11
All About Influenza
Presenter(s)
Jacob Henry, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Megan Schrementi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Influenza is the leading preventable killer in the world. New shots and drugs are being formed to help kill
the virus by destroying the essential proteins of the virus, neuraminidase and hemagglutinin. New
methods for the flu shot are being developed such as a universal shot that would be able to protect against
all strains of the virus and last for longer than ten years. There is an abundance of research, publications
and reference material accessible. Using the large reference database available at IMSA, I am compiling a
paper that summarizes the different works about influenza and discusses ways of fighting the virus. My
compilation will focus on the infectious process, treatment, and vaccine development. I have focused my
search of these topics, using primary documents and from those I have been able to more thoroughly
explain the causes and problems of influenza. I have also researched more effective ways to treat the
virus. Coming up with ways to relate and assemble information from different articles is the majority of
my work.
P12
The Role of SRC Family Kinases in SDF-1/CXCR4-Mediated Progenitor Cell Homing
Presenter(s)
Ingrid Hsiung, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Pranusha Pinna, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Gangjian Qin, Northwestern University
Ischemic heart disease is one of the leading causes of death in America and caused by ischemic tissue in
the myocardium. CXCR4 is a G protein-coupled receptor with a ligand, stromal cell derived factor 1
(SDF-1), that correlates directly with progenitor cell (PC) mobilization to ischemic tissue. This
experiment focuses on the interaction of cells in the stem cell pathway, particularly, the role of Src family
kinases (SFK) in SDF-1/CXCR4-mediated progenitor cell homing. Using bone marrow mononuclear
cells from CXCR4BAC-eGFP transgenic mice, cell culturing, Western blot, Boyden chamber assay,
fluorescent tags, and histology staining, we found that in vitro, SDF-1/CXCR4 activates SKF and that
SFK phosphorylation is required for PC homing; in vivo, we confirmed that SFK are needed for
recruitment of BM PCs to areas of ischemic myocardium through the SDF-1/CXCR4 pathway. SFK are
crucial in SDF-1/CXCR4-mediated BM progenitor cell homing in respect to the ischemic cardiac tissue
which may prove useful for tissue repair.
115
P13
Calculating the Detection Efficiency of Positron Emission Tomography Systems
Presenter(s)
Vijay Jayaram, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Thomas Reith, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Chien Kao, University of Chicago
Positron emission tomography (PET) detection systems, which detect high frequency gamma rays, are
faced with several major obstacles. While certainly advanced, they commit a great deal of error when
measuring output energy and time data due to the microcosmic nature of particles involved. In our
investigation, we sought to develop a statistical quantification of this error and display it in standard
histogram form. The histogram for energy shows how much the measured light energy deviates from the
ideal 511 keV value, which is the pure energy of one gamma ray emitted by positron-electron
annihilation. The energy resolution that can be calculated from this histogram, measuring the mean
deviance from the expected energy value, was the outcome of our investigation. By setting the maximum
at 511 keV, we could determine a scaling factor for the specific scenario. Using this factor, the same
histogram was generated for the time aspect of detection; thousands of annihilation reactions take place in
a small span and timing resolution should be on the order of picoseconds. Extrapolation from these
statistical tests helped generate a complete picture of PET detection efficiency.
P14
The Effect of Egr2 on the Cell Markers Lag3, 41BB, and CRTAM in the Anergic carEGR2 flox/flox
TH1 T-cell Clone
Presenter(s)
Alex Kim, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Yan Zheng, University of Chicago
Previous studies have shown that certain tumors can cause anergy in T cells, preventing activation. One
gene that has been known to regulate anergy in these T cells is the Egr2 gene. Using micro array, research
has shown that three cell markers, CRTAM, 41BB, and LAG3 are regulated by the Egr2 gene. In this
study, the expression of these cell markers on the mRNA level of development of a wild type T cell and
an Egr2 knock out was determined using real time PCR. The results showed that the upregulation of the
cell markers occurred on cells with the Egr2 gene intact, while upregulation did not occur the cells where
the Egr2 gene was deleted. These results suggest that the three cell markers are Egr2 dependent. The
correlation between the three cell markers and the Egr2 gene suggest that these three cell markers have
something to do with the anergy of T-cells. Future studies can determine the expression on the protein
level of expression and eventually determine the function of the cell markers.
116
P15
The Role of Two Selective K+ Channels (Kir and Kv) Expressed in Macrophages in the Secretion of
IL-1ß when Macrophages are Induced by Anthrax Toxin
Presenter(s)
Jiwon Kim, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Irena Levitan, University of Illinois at Chicago
Johnson Thomas, University of Illinois at Chicago
Anthrax lethal toxin (LeTx), a virulence factor of Bacilillus anthracis, leads to inflammatory responses,
such as increased secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-1ß, in alveolar
macrophages. Previous studies have shown that LeTx exposure causes K+ efflux-mediated increase in IL-
1ß secretion in macrophages through an unknown mechanism. We hypothesize that the two potassium
channels, inwardly-rectifying K+ channel (Kir) and outwardly-rectifying voltage-gated K+ channels (Kv),
which are expressed in macrophages may play a role in LeTx induced IL-1ß secretion. Thus, we
employed the whole-cell patch clamping technique to study Kir and Kv channel activities on LeTx
stimulation (with and without K channels' blockers), and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to
measure IL-1ß secretion on LeTx exposure. Then, we observed that LeTx activates both Kir and Kv
channels and that these channels are required for K+ efflux-mediated IL-1ß secretion in macrophages. We
hope that with our findings, therapeutic agents against these two target channels can be developed in
macrophages to block inflammatory responses involving IL-1ß secretion.
P16
Factors Influencing Successful Weaning from Caffeine in Premature Infants Born before Thirtyfour
Weeks of Gestation Treated for Apnea
Presenter(s)
Ifreke King, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Patricia Hummel, Loyola University
Christine Sajous, Loyola University
Apnea of prematurity is a common problem in premature babies born before 34 weeks of gestation. This
condition, treated with caffeine, improves as the babies get older. Physicians usually try to wean the
infants off caffeine at around 34 weeks but are not always successful. In order to determine what factors
determine successful weaning from caffeine, we collected necessary data on infants from the NICU's
official records on infants born between August 15, 2006 and August 15, 2010. In total, the number of
premature infants was 696. So far in my investigation I have found that the average number of premature
infants that were treated with caffeine was 74.2%, the percentage of infants who failed weaning was 22%.
Attempts to correlate factors with the success rate of weaning are ongoing. Alternatively, the benefits of
moving the weaning date are being considered.
117
P17
Defining a Minimal Peptide Within HSP70 Required for Immune Activation
Presenter(s)
Previn Kumar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jared Klarquist, Loyola University
Caroline Le Poole, Loyola University
Jeffrey Mosenson, Loyola University
Inducible heat shock protein 70 (HSP70i) is over-expressed in stressed cells and plays a vital role in
dendritic cell (DC) initiated auto-immune vitiligo. The purpose of this investigation is to find what region
of HSP70i is critical for accelerated depigmentation and for development of a humoral response to the
molecule. Two functionally different regions of HSP70 were separately introduced into expression
plasmids HSP70i1-377 (AM) and HSP70i320-642 (LV), and used to vaccinate groups of five C57BL/6 mice in
combination with target antigen TRP-2. The DNA was introduced to the mice by weekly gene gun
vaccination in six groups: AM TRP-2, LV TRP-2, HSP70 TRP-2, TRP-2, HSP70 or vector DNA. After
five weeks, the LV TRP-2 but not AM TRP-2 vaccinated mice showed depigmentation far superior to
HSP70 TRP-2. In Western blots, mouse serum was used to probe protein from transfected COS cells. The
HSP70 TRP-2 and LV TRP-2 mice developed antibodies to HSP70, whereas AM TRP-2 vaccinated mice
did not. These data identify the C-terminal, peptide-binding region as vital to autoimmunity. This data is
in concordance with HSP70i435-447 described by this group as a peptide that may be blocked from binding
DCs to prevent autoimmunity.
P18
Determining the Conditions Under Which Bioavailability of a Drug Increases
Presenter(s)
Samantha Levin, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Robert Kimura, Rush University Medical Center
Pharmaceutical companies have trouble designing oral drugs that are absorbed in large enough quantities
to be effective. In most cases the bioavailability, the percentage of the administered drug that reaches the
blood stream, must be greater than thirty percent. By using a mathematical model on the computer that
involves data from a previously performed experiment involving rats, I observed how bioavailability
values changed when I varied certain conditions under which the experiment was run. Variables that were
tested include Vmax, the maximum speed at which metabolism occurs in the intestines; Vmax of the liver;
renal excretion; and the time of absorption. The data was also run for three different scenarios: the drug
given intravenously over thirty minutes, the drug given orally and released over thirty minutes, and the
drug given orally and time released over twelve hours. The first half of my investigation was spent
learning the methodology and derivations behind the computer model which was used. My final results
are currently pending. It is intended that these results give guidance to pharmaceutical companies to the
conditions under which their drug should be administered.
118
P19
Mutations in the Insulin Gene as a Cause of Monogenic Diabetes
Presenter(s)
Sarah Lisk, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Siri Atma Greeley, University of Chicago
As the prevalence of diabetes increases worldwide, a minority of patients are learning that they have a
monogenic form of diabetes caused by mutations in any one of a variety of genes. Such mutations in the
gene encoding insulin (INS) can cause permanent neonatal diabetes (PND) resulting from a deformed
insulin protein leading to increased beta-cell destruction. DNA samples from a family with PND were
screened for INS mutations by amplification by polymerase chain reaction, followed by sequencing and
analysis with Mutation Surveyor software. A heterozygous mutation in exon one of the INS gene, which
caused an amino acid change (G32S), was found in a diabetic mother diagnosed at 9 weeks of age and
was inherited in a dominant fashion by her son who was diagnosed at 52 weeks of age. This supports the
hypothesis that PND can be caused by mutations in the INS gene. Discovery of such an underlying
monogenic cause will inform genetic counseling of familial recurrence risk and could eventually lead to
differences in treatment. Although a specific medication for this type is not currently in use, one that
specifically targets the disease process could lead to improved diabetes control and reduced health care
costs.
P20
Endothelial Cell Intercellular Molecule Regulation of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1
Presenter(s)
Justine Ly, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Katherine Shi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Guoquan Liu, University of Illinois at Chicago
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a protein that induces chemotaxis, a process that attracts
monocytes to areas of inflammation. We hypothesized that intercellular adhesion molecule 1(ICAM-1)
indirectly regulates MCP-1 expression. To test this, we ran Western blots with lung tissue lysates from
wild type and ICAM-1 knockout mice to determine MCP-1 expression. Our results showed greater MCP-
1 expression in ICAM-1 knockout compared to the control, implying that ICAM-1 inhibits MCP-1
production in the lungs. We then used siRNA to silence the ICAM-1 gene in human umbilical vein
endothelial cells (HUVECs). Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, we found that TNFα
induced MCP-1 secretion was increased, suggesting that ICAM-1 inhibits MCP-1 expression in
endothelial cells. Furthermore, transfection of HUVEC with wild type and phospho-mimicking ICAM-1
mutant (Y518D) inhibited TNFα-induced MCP-1 production compared to cells transfected with
phosphorylation-defective ICAM-1 mutant (Y518F). We have extended our study to uncover the proteins
involved in the signaling pathway between ICAM-1 and MCP-1. This data is still pending, but if the
ICAM-1/MCP-1 signaling pathway is uncovered, a pharmaceutical drug to subdue inflammation in the
lungs can be developed.
119
P21
Neonatal Diabetes due to Mutations in the KCNJ11 Gene
Presenter(s)
Daniel Matthews, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Siri Atma Greeley, University of Chicago
Neonatal diabetes diagnosed in the first six months of life is likely to have an underlying monogenic
cause. Mutations may be found in any one of a number genes affecting the insulin producing β-cells in the
pancreas. KCNJ11 is a gene that encodes the Kir6.2 protein that forms part of the ATP-sensitive
potassium channel that is critical for insulin secretion. DNA samples were amplified using PCR and then
checked by gel electrophoresis. Samples were then purified and sequenced and data was analyzed using
Mutation Surveyor software. DNA from both diabetic and non-diabetic individuals in a family with a
history of neonatal diabetes was sequenced. Two diabetic family members, father and daughter, had the
rare heterozygous mutation E227K/E in amino acid 227 in KCNJ11. The non-diabetic mother did not
have this mutation. All family members shared the common polymorphism E23K/E. Since only one allele
is mutated, the daughter inherited the disease-causing E227K mutation in an autosomal dominant fashion.
This supports the hypothesis that neonatal diabetes can be caused by mutations in the KCNJ11 gene,
which may be passed on to children of affected individuals. This has important treatment implications
since their diabetes may respond to oral sulfonylurea medication instead of insulin.
P22
GD3 Synthase Vaccines as a Treatment for Melanoma
Presenter(s)
Hannah Miller, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jared Klarquist, Loyola University
Caroline Le Poole, Loyola University
Melanoma is a deadly skin cancer caused by mutations of melanocytes located primarily in the skin.
Melanoma cells overexpress the molecule ganglioside D3 (GD3). This investigation aims to determine
whether a vaccination of DNA coding for GD3 synthase causes an NKT-cell mediated anti-tumor
response in mice that are injected with melanoma cells. Three groups of mice underwent five weekly
vaccinations of genes coding for human GD3 synthase and adjuvant HSP70i, positive control genes
encoding TRP-1 and HSP70i, or empty vector DNA. Positive control mice showed depigmentation, a
characteristic of autoimmunity, while GD3 synthase-vaccinated mice did not. Eight weeks later the mice
underwent a tumor challenge and tumor development data was analyzed suggesting delayed tumor
development in mice vaccinated with GD3 synthase genes compared to mice vaccinated with empty
vector genes. GD3 synthase vaccination was uniquely associated with natural killer T cell infiltration of
tumors. This suggests that the vaccine can have anti-tumor potential when combined with potent adjuvant
treatment. This is significant, as anti-tumor vaccines such as the positive control used in this
investigation, frequently cause autoimmunity. The lack of depigmentation in GD3 synthase-vaccinated
mice indicates that this treatment can separate autoimmunity from anti-tumor immunity.
120
P23
Investigation Into Risk Factors of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
Presenter(s)
Christina Momchev, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Cynthia Fisch, Resurrection Medical Center
Rada Ivanov, Resurrection Medical Center
Two of the six hospitals in the Resurrection Health Care system have a greater number of patients
experiencing heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). HIT is excessive bleeding after being given a
blood thinner containing heparin. Literature was reviewed to find what puts someone at higher risk for
HIT. Then the information of all the patients with HIT in the six hospitals was compiled and organized in
five categories: patient age/race/gender, primary diagnosis, secondary diagnosis, procedure, and which
anticoagulant was used (heparin or enoxaparin). No significant correlation was found between age,
gender, or race and susceptibility to contracting HIT except that nonwhite females were more at risk in
our patient population. Among the patients, eight out of thirty had septicemia, and nine had renal failure.
In research, neither condition has been mentioned as influencing the onset of HIT. However, we speculate
that patients with septicemia and kidney disease are at high risk for HIT.
P24
The Effect of Therapeutic Hypothermia on Mitochondrial Akt Phosphorylation and Pim-1
Expression in Murine Hemorrhagic Shock
Presenter(s)
Gina Qin, Northwestern University
Advisor(s)
Terry Vanden Hoek, University of Chicago
Current treatments for hemorrhagic shock (HS) are often ineffective. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH), an
effective treatment in other similar diseases, has not been used in clinically treating HS due to the lack of
understanding of its mechanisms. Akt phosphorylation (p-Akt), increased Pim-1 expression, and
improved mitochondria function have been shown to mediate cardioprotection. Using an established
murine HS model, we studied the role of Akt and Pim-1 in TH-induced cardioprotection. TH (33 ± 0.5
°C) was induced at 30 minute HS via surface cooling. Heart tissue was collected at 30 minute
resuscitation and fractionated to measure p-Akt and Pim-1 expression in the cytosolic and mitochondrial
fractions. Compared to sham, 30-minute resuscitation normothermia (R30NT) increased Akt
phosphorylation at both the Threonine308 and Serine473 sites but 30-minute resuscitation hypothermia
(R30TH) did not further increase it in the cytosolic fraction. In the mitochondrial fraction, R30TH
showed a trend of decrease in p-Akt compared to R30NT. Interestingly, R30NT decreased Pim-1
expression compared to sham (0.33 ± 0.13 vs. 3.08 ± 0.22) and R30TH preserved Pim-1 expression in the
mitochondrial fraction. Taken together, TH-mediated cardioprotection may not be associated with
increased p-Akt and targeting mitochondrial Pim-1 expression may be a potential pharmacological
treatment in HS.
121
P25
The Effect of Transgenic A20 on Inflammation of the Intestinal Epithelium
Presenter(s)
Nishith Reddy, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
David Boone, University of Chicago
A20, a cellular factor, has been shown to regulate inflammation of the epithelium during inflammatory
bowel disease. The objective of this study was to characterize the interactions of A20 that result in the
maintenance of the epithelial structure of the intestines and determine whether the expression of
transgenic A20 could improve the condition of the epithelium during homeostatic inflammation. Intestinal
sections of A20 wildtype and villin transgenic A20 mice with inflammatory bowel disease were
characterized for NF-κB activation, A20 expression, grade of inflammation, tight junction architecture,
and cell proliferation. These sections showed preserved epithelial architecture in villin transgenic A20
mice with inflammatory bowel disease when compared to A20 wildtype mice. Non-colocalization of
activated, proinflammatory NF-κB with A20 suggests an inflammatory suppressant effect of A20.
Degradation of tight junction proteins served as another indicator of the suppressed homeostatic
inflammation in villin transgenic A20. As an inflammatory regulator, A20 has potential for therapeutic
implementation in clinical treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
P26
Computerized Quantification of Pleural Effusion
Presenter(s)
Ashley Ro, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Nikita Veera, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Samuel Armato, University of Chicago
Pleural effusion is the abnormal buildup of fluid within the pleural cavity of the lungs, often caused by
congestive heart failure, mesothelioma, lung cancer, and other lung diseases. MATLAB was used to run a
program that can segment pleural effusion and lungs in thoracic computerized tomography (CT) scans.
An in-house program, Abras, was then used to calculate the volumes of these segmented regions. Initially,
preliminary segmentations were run on CT scans without pleural effusion and lung volumes were
calculated from them. Later, the segmentation method was used to find pleural effusion volume as well as
lung volumes in the scans of fifty patients with pleural effusion. Analyses were then completed,
comparing the lung volume and pleural effusion volume, as they should have been inversely proportional.
Knowing that this correlation exists can be used for future studies examining pleural effusion volume.
122
P27
Do Widened Pulse Pressures in Premature Infants Signify a Patent Ductus Arteriosus?
Presenter(s)
Yasmeni Sandridge, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jonathan Muraskas, Loyola University
Cristina Vega, Loyola University
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a heart condition from which many premature infants may suffer. In this
retrospective study conducted at Loyola University Medical Center we will determine if having a widened
pulse pressure is a significant sign of PDA. A widened pulse pressure is defined as the difference of
systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure greater than twenty. Historically, the difference
between widened pulse pressure has been taught to be a classical sign of PDA. In some studies, it has
been shown that having a widened pulse pressure is not a significant sign. In this study data collected
included blood pressures, pulse pressures, and echocardiogram results, and these will be analyzed in
collaboration with a statistician. Currently, the data is under collection and not ready for analysis. If our
results support our hypothesis, this may result in an earlier diagnosis and treatment of PDA.
P28
Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates in Infants Within
the First Thirty Days of Life
Presenter(s)
Mehal Shah, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Divya Tankasala, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Bill Kabat, Children's Memorial Research Center
Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterium which causes infections in various
parts of the body. Two major types of MRSA, community-acquired (CA) and hospital-acquired (HA), are
both resistant to antibiotics, but differ in their transmission method and prognosis. The purpose of this
investigation was to determine the origin of certain clinically-isolated strains of MRSA through
characterizations of all the strains as either CA-MRSA or HA-MRSA using various methods of
identification and analysis. Initially, we isolated a cohort of MRSA isolates from newborn infants. The
isolates were grown and colonized on blood agar plates. A Kirby-Bauer susceptibility assey was
performed using eight antibiotics, and zones of inhibition were measured. Afterwards, pulsed-field gel
electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to separate large DNA molecules. In addition, DNA was extracted from
the isolates and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using various primers, and gel electrophoresis was
performed on the isolates. Our preliminary results show that PCR was more efficient than PFGE analysis
in collecting data. In addition, there are possible demographics that show that specific subtypes may
differ. We are still are in the process of analyzing all the PCR results with all the required primers tested
on the isolates. There may be significant differences in some of the strains analyzed.
123
P29
Randomized, Prospective Comparison of Performance Using Standard Laparoscopy, Single-
Incision Laparoscopy, and a Novel Bimanual Triangulating Platform
Presenter(s)
Kevin Shi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Eric Hungness, Northwestern University
B. Fernando Santos, Northwestern University
Single-incision laparoscopy (SIL) is a novel surgical approach that may be less invasive than the current
gold standard laparoscopy (LAP). However, SIL introduces additional ergonomic challenges and has
previously shown to result in decreased performance on standardized tasks in a simulated setting. This
study was conducted to determine whether a novel bimanual triangulating platform, SPIDER, for SIL
could improve performance compared to the use of existing SIL instruments. Novice test subjects were
randomized to either LAP, SIL (existing technique), or SIL with SPIDER and they performed
standardized tasks on a surgical simulator using their assigned technique. Subjects were tested at baseline
and after completing four training sessions. Task scores will be analyzed according to time (baseline
versus post-training) and instrument type (LAP, SIL, or SPIDER). Learning curves for each technique
will also be quantified and compared. The results will be used to determine whether use of the SPIDER is
associated with improved performance or a shorter learning curve compared to the existing SIL
technique.
P30
The Influence of Body Mass Index on the Outcome of Patients with Acute Myelocytic Leukemia
Following Chemotherapy
Presenter(s)
Steven Suh, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Parameswaran Venugopal, Rush University Medical Center
Although the field of oncology is rapidly expanding with deeper insight into the biology, and utilizing
novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, very little research has been done on the influence of the
physiological characteristics of the patients, such as height and weight, on the outcome of therapy. To
investigate this further, we analyzed the rates of cancer survival in relation to weight according to body
mass index (BMI), calculated by dividing the weight in kilograms by the height in meters squared. We
used data from fifty-three patients with acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) from Rush University Medical
Center, gathering height, weight, response to treatment, and survival duration using a program called
EPIC. Our preliminary review of the data suggests that patients with higher body mass index have worse
outcomes following induction chemotherapy for AML compared to patients with normal BMI. We intend
to continue this study and complete this analysis in the near future.
124
Q01
The Effects of Cell Demographics on Amyloid-Beta Derived Diffusible Ligand Binding and Toxicity
Presenter(s)
Ruchi Aggarwal, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Shruthi Subramanian, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Gina Boylan, Northwestern University
William Klein, Northwestern University
Amyloid beta-derived diffusible ligands (ADDLs) negatively affect neurons in Alzheimer disease (AD).
The interaction of ADDLs and astrocytes is not well known. This investigation will determine how
ADDL binding and induced toxicity is affected by the astrocytes to neurons ratio, in vitro. The
experiment design will manipulate cell culture conditions to create neuron-enriched cultures, mixed
cultures, and astrocyte-enriched cultures, and will then perform ADDL treatments to measure binding and
toxicity. Response to ADDLs by cell type can then be analyzed. Although the experiment is in
development, we hypothesize that ADDL binding and toxicity will be influenced by the presence of
astrocytes. At this time, the type of affect is unknown. Astrocytes offer structural and nutritional support
to neurons, but also release inflammatory factors that are injurious to neurons and they are activated in an
injured AD brain. The neuron-astrocyte interaction is very complex, and little is known about the role of
astrocytes in the ADDL-induced pathology of AD. Further experimentation needs to be conducted before
we have conclusive results. Thus, we hope to optimize cultures to study the effects of ADDLs on different
cell types. Our preliminary findings will lead to more studies on the role of astrocytes in AD.
Q02
Apolipoprotein E Effects on Synapse Volume in vivo
Presenter(s)
Upashruti Agrawal, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
MaryJo LaDu, University of Illinois at Chicago
Kevin Laxton, University of Illinois at Chicago
Leon Tai, University of Illinois at Chicago
The genetics of Alzheimer disease (AD) includes causal factors, specifically autosomal dominant
mutations that increase the 42 amino acid form of amyloid-β (Aβ42) peptide and apolipoprotein E4
(apoE), the primary risk factor compared to apoE3, with apoE2 reducing risk. However, the mechanism
underlying apoE isoform effect on AD susceptibility is unknown. Neuronal synapse degeneration is a key
pathological hallmark of AD, particularly in the hippocampus, an area important for learning and
memory. To determine the effect of apoE on Aβ mediated synapse degeneration, the density and volume
of hippocampal synapses were assessed using state of the art array tomography (AT) microscopy, in
EFAD mice. EFAD mice significantly over-produce Aβ42 and one of the human apoE isoforms (apoE2,
E3, or E4). This is one of the few AD transgenic mouse models where Aβ42 pathology recapitulates the
regional development in humans. AT uses 200 nm tissue slices, which circumvents the limits imposed by
standard immunohistochemistry (>1 μm), and allows for high-resolution synapse identification. The
preliminary results of this study demonstrate that synapse volume is increased in apoE2 compared with
apoE3 or apoE4, while synapse density is similar across isoforms. Further studies will aid in our
understanding of apoE dependent differences in synapse degeneration.
125
Q03
Isolation of Cholinesterases from Plaques and Tangles in Alzheimer Disease
Presenter(s)
Christina Cheng, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Katherine Gasho, Northwestern University
Changiz Geula, Northwestern University
Alzheimer disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that is identified pathologically by the presence of
plaques and tangles in brain tissue which contain acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities.
The purpose of this investigation was to induce the release of cholinesterases from plaques and tangles.
Alzheimer brain sections were incubated in heparin, chondroitin sulphate, trypsin, or buffer alone to
interfere with the extracellular matrix that may attach cholinesterases to tissue in order to release the
cholinesterases. We then performed assays on the buffer to determine how the different chemicals and
concentrations affected the release of cholinesterases. We used cholinesterase histochemistry to determine
if the cholinesterases were released from plaques and tangles. In biochemical assays we observed that
trypsin was the most effective in releasing cholinesterases from the tissue. A significant difference in
activity was seen with trypsin present compared to samples with only buffer. The amount of
cholinesterase released was dose-dependent. We are currently working on analyzing the histochemical
tests. These results indicate that cholinesterases are released from Alzheimer's brains and may be
specifically released from plaques and tangles.
Q04
Using Hippocampal Morphometry to Detect Alzheimer Disease Pathology in Primary Progressive
Aphasia Patients
Presenter(s)
Ashley Chong, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Emily Rogalski, Northwestern University
Lei Wang, Northwestern University
Patients with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) are limited daily by their progressively deteriorating
deficit of language. My research question is: Do PPA patients undergo severe atrophy in the
hippocampus, the memory center of the brain? Magnetic resonance images of seventy-two PPA patients
and thirty-eight healthy control participants were processed with the FreeSurfer software package to
produce left hippocampal volume. The hippocampus' volumes were analyzed with the statistical analysis
program SPSS, in order to see if PPA patients had significantly smaller hippocampal volumes than that of
healthy controls. Thirty-eight controls' left hippocampal volumes were compared with that of seventy-two
PPA patients, and a significant difference was found through an independent t-test (p=0.000). A second
analysis with an independent t-test of sixteen patients of the agrammatic variant (PPA-G) and twentythree
of the logopenic variant (PPA-L) concluded there was no significant difference between the left
hippocampal volumes (p=0.074). There are currently no biomarkers for PPA, so this investigation would
be one of the small important steps toward finding a biomarker for the underlying pathology.
126
Q05
Effects of Caffeine on Motor Excitability of Skeletal Muscles in the Hand and Arm as Measured by
Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Presenter(s)
Sanggyu (Raymond) Chong, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Tonu Pius, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Todd Parrish, Northwestern University
Xue Wang, Northwestern University
Caffeine is one of the most commonly used drugs worldwide, and it is thought to help one focus mentally
and physically. To further understand the physical consequences of caffeine intake, we measured the
effect of caffeine on motor excitability of a muscle in the hand called abductor policis brevis. Transcranial
magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to provoke an involuntary muscle reaction in the abductor policis
brevis, and the magnitude and latency of the reaction was measured through the use of electromyography.
Subjects were injected with caffeine upon first visit and saline, a control fluid, upon second visit, and the
TMS data was collected before, during, and after both injections. We hypothesized that caffeine as a drug
will cause a stronger and/or faster reaction than saline. The motor threshold varied between the caffeine
and the saline data, so normalization by the baseline of threshold was done to compare the two. The
analysis of the normalized data showed that caffeine always produced responses greater than the baseline
data, and compared to saline, caffeine caused steeper changes. The data from the analysis confirmed that
the injection of caffeine produced an effect on the motor excitability of the skeletal muscles in the hand.
Q06
The Effects of Menstrual Cycle Phase on Memory in Naturally Cycling Women
Presenter(s)
Julianne Crawford, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Pauline Maki, University of Illinois at Chicago
Antonia Savarese, University of Illinois at Chicago
Mary Winters, University of Illinois at Chicago
Estrogen has been shown to impact various aspects of cognition. A prior study, utilizing a within-subjects
design, reported that menstrual cycle phase does not have an impact on verbal memory in naturally
cycling women, as measured by the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT). The CVLT is a sixteenitem
word list, and is a commonly used measure of immediate and long-term memory. To remove the
confound of practice effects between sessions, the present study measured CVLT performance in a
between-subjects design with fifty-two naturally cycling women, ages 18-40, either during the follicular
phase (low estrogen levels, n = 27) or midluteal phase (n = 25) of the menstrual cycle. There was a
significant difference in hormone levels between groups, with significantly higher levels of estrogen in
the midluteal group. Inconsistent with the work of Mordecai, et al., the midluteal group performed better
than the follicular group on measures of immediate learning, CVLT Trial 1 (p=.05) and Trial B (p=.04).
No significant difference between groups was observed on CVLT delayed or cued recall trials. Thus, the
present study indicates that naturally cycling women in the midluteal phase may have an advantage for
tasks specifically related to immediate learning.
127
Q07
Using Resting State Functional Connectivity as a Biomarker to Access the Treatment Effects in
Chronic Stroke Patients
Presenter(s)
Justin Feng, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Todd Parrish, Northwestern University
Xue Wang, Northwestern University
Chronic stroke patients suffer from brain damage caused by the cranial disturbance of blood. In my
experiment, I determined the effects of therapy by analyzing resting-state connectivity of the brain of
stroke patients. The structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of forty-seven chronic
stroke patients were taken twice at Northwestern University, before and after physical therapy. During
each imaging session, the patients were to perform a simple motor task for two sessions (280
seconds/session) with a block design of 30 seconds of task and 30 seconds of rest. The rest periods were
extracted and concatenated for further analysis. Functional MRI images were motion corrected,
smoothed, and normalized to a standard template. Twenty-seven regions of interest, including motor,
premotor cortex, caudate, and so forth, were selected and correlated with the rest of the brain. Intrinsic
correlated functional circuitry in stroke patient has been discovered. From there, we analyzed the regions
of interest, specifically the precentral and postcentral cortexes, as well as other major areas, and
performed various statistical tests on them, including paired t-tests and correlation analysis. After these
steps were completed, behavioral measures were correlated with the network measures to predict who
would recover. Further analysis will be performed to investigate the treatment effect.
128
Q08
Effect of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridnium on Dopamine Neuron Loss in LPS Mouse Model of
Parkinson's Disease
Presenter(s)
Brinda Gupta, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Paul Carvey, Rush University Medical Center
Bill Hendey, Rush University Medical Center
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurological disorder, characterized by degeneration
of dopamine (DA) neurons within the substantia nigra (SN). 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-
tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is nontoxic, passes through blood-brain barrier (BBB), and produces murine
PD models. The purpose of this experiment was to analyze effects of the MPTP toxic metabolite 1-
methyl-4-phenylpyridnium (MPP+) on DA neurons in mice with prenatally injected lipopolysaccharide
(LPS). LPS was hypothesized to compromise BBB, allowing tail-vein injected MPP+ to be taken up via
the dopamine transporter, going into the neuronal synapses. Twenty-one C57/BL6 male mice were given
saline or LPS prenatally (5 mg/kg). At eleven months, mice had MPP+ or LPS injected via the tail vein
(120 μg/mL). All mice were perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde, fixed for 24 hours, and sliced into
series of 40 μm sections. After, they were tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH-ir) stained, and
examined using StereoInvestigator to evaluate TH-ir neurons within the SN. Average DA count for
saline/saline and saline/MPP+ mice was significantly higher than LPS/saline and LPS/MPP+.
saline/saline, saline/MPP+, LPS/saline, and LPS/MPP+ mice had 10362.41, 10834.19, 8813.42 and
8387.11 DA neurons respectively. LPS plays a role in DA degeneration. Toxins destroy DA neurons
because they pass through compromised BBB, allowing for new PD pathogenesis.
Q09
The Relationship Between Effect-Site Concentration of Propofol and Burst Suppression of the
Electroencephalogram in Patients Undergoing Cerebrovascular Procedures
Presenter(s)
Janell Herrera, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Jessica Ventenilla, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Mehmet Ozcan, University of Illinois at Chicago
Guy Weinberg, University of Illinois at Chicago
In a brain aneurysm surgery, brain protection is provided by propofol. The degree of brain protection is
measured by burst suppression ratio (BSR) on electroencephalogram (EEG). The propofol effect-site
concentration (Ce) to achieve a specific BSR is unknown. We determined the BSR in a range of propofol
Ce. Forty-two patients having brain aneurysm surgery between the ages of 18-80 were recruited. Patients
were divided into three groups depending on their remifentanil dosing. Propofol Ce was increased step
wise until the BSR of greater than 90% was achieved. BSR was recorded continuously with an EEG
monitor. In a sample patient, BSR was first observed at propofol Ce of 6 μg/ml and BSR was greater than
90% at propofol Ce of 8μg/ml. The study is open until 2012 and recruitment of patients is ongoing. We
expect to determine the propofol Ce range that can achieve a clinically needed level of brain protection. In
addition, we expect to determine the potential synergistic or additive effects between remifentanil and
propofol in achieving brain protection.
129
Q10
The Effects of Late Life Depression on Executive Function in the Clock Drawing Test
Presenter(s)
Irene Jiang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Melissa Lamar, University of Illinois at Chicago
The Clock Drawing Test (CDT) is a well-known, widely used neuropsychological test that measures
aspects of executive function, visuospatial abilities, and graphomotor processing. Executive function is
impaired in subjects with late-life depression (LLD), and we can look to the CDT as an assessment of
executive dysfunction. Sixty-three subjects were taken from two studies being conducted within the
University of Illinois at Chicago Department of Psychiatry; thirty-two healthy controls (HC) of age =
65.50 ± 3.95 years and thirty-one LLD of age = 65.39 ± 6.94 years. During the CDT, subjects drew a
command clock setting the time to ten minutes after eleven, and copied a clock set to the same time. Both
were drawn using a digitizing pen that photographed output at a rate of 80 times/second. Data was
uploaded onto a computer and scored for executive function measures of planning ('hooklet' from the end
of one stroke and 'hooking' toward the next) and mental manipulation (time setting). There was a
significant difference between HC and LLD groups in the number of hooklets in command and copy
(p≤0.05), but no differences in mental manipulation as measured by time setting. These results indicate
impaired planning and executive function in LLD making it possible to use the CDT as a quick and
accurate test for LLD.
Q11
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure: A Study in the Change of Body Mass Index in Obstructive
Sleep Apnea Syndrome Patients
Presenter(s)
Harsha Jujjavarapu, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Sarah Zallek, St.Francis Medical Center
The risk for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) goes up as one's weight goes up. Weight loss is an
effective treatment for OSAS; OSAS can contribute to weight gain. One mechanism of weight gain is by
disabling leptin, a hormone that signals satiety. Treatment of OSAS with continuous positive airway
pressure (CPAP) can improve leptin function and may contribute to weight loss. The purpose of this study
was to find whether or not OSAS patients lost weight after regular CPAP usage over a span of ten years,
and if those who did not regularly adhere to CPAP would lose less weight than those who adhered to it
regularly. Subjects who used CPAP for an average of greater than seven hours per night for at least 85%
of the nights were considered treatment subjects. Control subjects were patients who used CPAP for an
average of less than four hours per night. The change in body mass index (BMI) between treatment and
control subjects was not significantly different after one year of CPAP treatment (P=0.966). However,
BMI did significantly increase in both groups (P=.024). In this study, both the treatment and control
subjects gained a significant amount of weight. Other factors may affect weight in CPAP patients.
Another experiment with more patients may produce different results.
130
Q12
Effect of Neurotoxin MPP+ on Additional Nigral Dopaminergic Neuron Loss in the MPTP Mouse
Model of Parkinson's Disease
Presenter(s)
Harsha Jujjavarapu, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Paul Carvey, Rush University Medical Center
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that progressively impairs motor skills.
Symptoms are mainly caused by a selective loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra. Current
thought hypothesizes that a compromised blood brain barrier (BBB) may allow peripheral immunological
or neurotoxic invasion into the brain resulting in additional dopamine neuron loss. The 1-methyl-4-
phenyl-1,2,3,6,-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model is a well-established acute model for
parkinsonism. MPTP metabolizes into 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), a neurodegenerative
molecule which causes selective dopaminergic neuron death. The ionic MPP+ does not cross the BBB.
Twenty-four retired male C57/BL6 mice were treated with MPTP (9 mg/kg) or saline. Saline or MPP+
(120 mg/120 ml) was injected intravenously on day five. Mice were sacrificed at day ten and brains were
fixed, sliced, immunohistochemically stained for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and examined
stereologically. MPP+ is expected to cross the BBB and further progress dopaminergic neuronal damage.
Bilateral TH immunoreactivity count for the saline/saline and saline/MPP+ mice was significantly higher
than the MPTP/saline and MPTP/MPP+ groups (12032, 12176, 8762, 6769), including a statistically
significant difference between saline/saline and MPTP/saline (p= .016). No statistical difference was
found between MPTP/MPP+ and MPTP/salinel despite an additional 16.5% dopamine neuron loss.
131
Q13
The Role of MAN2A2 Expression in Glioma Proliferation and Invasivity
Presenter(s)
Timothy Klincewicz, Community High School District 117
Areen Pitaktong, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Roger Kroes, Northwestern University
The surfaces of cells are strewn with myriads of glycoconjugates - carbohydrate structures bound to cells'
external lipids and proteins. These glycoconjugates dominate interactions between cells, including
cell:cell communication and adhesion. Altering these structures has been shown to affect the invasiveness
and proliferation of cancer cells. A previous microarray analysis of glyco-gene expression demonstrated
that, among several other genes, levels of MAN2A2 expression in normal brain cells was significantly
higher than that in gliomas. Towards the development of potential therapeutics, we initially cloned the
protein coding region of the human MAN2A2 gene from normal human brain by standard reverse
transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Because this region is relatively large, we amplified two
overlapping amplicons and, following ligation of the complementary regions, reamplified the single,
contiguous large cDNA by polymerase chain reaction. Following direct sequence validation, we ligated
the insert into the pcDNA3 mammalian expression vector and stably transfected the resulting MAN2A2-
expressing construct into the human U373MG glioma cell line. We then demonstrated successful
transfection into five of the resulting cell lines, in which each expressed higher levels of MAN2A2
mRNA (normalized to GAPDH, a control gene) relative to controls. An in vitro comparison of invasive
behavior between these cell lines will demonstrate the potential relationship between MAN2A2 gene
expression and resulting cell invasiveness and proliferation.
132
Q14
Progression of Performance Obtained During a Revolutionary Balance Exercise Regimen That
Challenges Post-Stroke Survivors Beyond Their Limits of Stability
Presenter(s)
Alekya Kothamasu, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Alexandra Roman, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
David Brown, Northwestern University
Nicole Korda, Northwestern University
Hemiplegia, resulting from stroke, is a condition in which the limbs on one side of the body become
impaired, worsening balance. This investigation uses the KineAssist® (KA), a robotic assistive device
that allows physical therapists to push patients past their limits of stability, while keeping them safe, in
contrast to the conservative approach usually taken in the clinic. Participants were placed in one of three
condition groups where they worked on a set of nine balance exercises over six weeks. In group 1, they
completed the exercises while using the KA and worked at their maximum level of difficulty (MLD). In
group 2, the participants worked with a physical therapist and worked at their MLD. In group 3, they used
the KA to complete exercises at levels above their MLD. Progressive performance variables for each
exercise consisted of level changes and success percentage (SP) measured per week. Analyses found
significant improvement in MLD for each training group, and SP increases in group 2 over the six week
period while SP decreased for group 3. These results demonstrate that stroke survivors succeeded in
improving balance performance with challenging exercises, and support the idea that the regimen can be
tolerated and beneficial.
Q15
Characterization of HuR Overexpression in a Post-Ischemic Penumbra
Presenter(s)
Vignessh Kumar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Agnieszka Ardelt, University of Chicago
Randall Carpenter, University of Chicago
Stroke is the third leading cause of death and the leading cause of disability in the United States.
Currently, there are limited therapies that help patients regain lost muscle control. This investigation
examines the transgenic expression of an mRNA binding protein, HuR, in astrocytes and assesses
whether it can aid in functional recovery after stroke, and determines whether ischemia and estrogen
treatment regulate the expression of a HuR-FLAG transgene in mice. Immunofluorescent imaging was
conducted using antibodies targeting a FLAG epitope bound to overexpressed HuR. This project used
immunofluorescent staining protocols to stain coronal mouse brain sections in order to determine the
FLAG response to ischemic stroke in three subpopulations of transgenic mice: males, hormonally intact
females, and ovariectomized (OVX) females with placebo or estrogen treatment. Initial observations
detailed an increase in FLAG expression in the ischemic hemisphere 24 hours after reperfusion. A higher
increase in FLAG was observed in hormonally intact females compared to males. However, OVX females
treated with estrogen did not have a significant difference in FLAG expression compared to the placebo
group. This led to the conclusion that another hormone present in females, such as progesterone, may
cause the regulation of the transgene due to ischemia.
133
Q16
Dopamine Regulation of Phosphorylation of Cone-Cone Gap Junctions in Ground Squirrel Retina
Presenter(s)
Xiaoyu Li, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Steven DeVries, Northwestern University
Cone photoreceptors are electrically coupled such that when the electrical potential in one cell changes, it
also changes in adjacent, coupled cells. Phosphorylation of the cone gap junction protein, connexin 36
(Cx36), determines whether a coupling channel is open or closed. Cx36-containing gap junctions are
phosphorylated in the open state and dephosphorylated in the closed state. Cone-cone gap junction
modulation has not been extensively studied, however, the presence of rod-cone gap junction modulation
raises the possibility that the same is true for cone pairs. Pieces (2 x 2 mm) of thirteen-lined ground
squirrel retina were removed from the eye and incubated for 2 hrs at room temperature in a solution that
contained either dopamine (100 μM) or dopamine antagonist (spiperone and SCH23390, 10 μM each).
After incubation, the tissue was cut into 100 μm thick slices, fixed, and labeled with separate antibodies
to Cx36 and phosphorylated Cx36. Cone-cone gap junctions were then imaged in the tissue slices using a
Zeiss LSM 510 confocal microscope. The colocalization of the antibody labels under the two conditions
was quantified using MetaMorph software. Preliminary analysis suggests that the ratio of
dephosphorylated to phosphorylated gap junctions is higher in dopamine versus the dopamine antagonist
treated tissue. The results are consistent with the idea that dopamine, which is released during the
daytime, induces dephosphorylation and thus closes gap junctions.
Q17
Mapping Verbal Memory Through Electrocorticographic Readings of Subdural Electrodes
Presenter(s)
Egle Malinauskaite, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Paul Yuan, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Vernon Leo Towle, University of Chicago
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that causes individuals to experience recurrent and potentially
disabling seizures. When pharmacological treatment is ineffective, some patients must choose surgery in
order to have the epileptic focus removed. Unfortunately, many patients experience a post-surgical
decline in verbal memory. The electrocorticographic patterns of twelve patients with surgically implanted
subdural electrodes were studied. During a forty-minute testing period, patients underwent various tasks
involving long- and short-term memory, mathematical calculations, conversational questions, and word
repetition. The tracking of language processing and verbal memory was hypothesized to be done through
high frequency power and low frequency coherence. Localized increases in high gamma band power (70-
100 Hz) were observed in response to warning tones, presented words, and the patient's verbal response.
Increases in high gamma band power were observed during language processing but were absent during
verbal memory. Analysis of inter-electrode theta band (4-8 Hz) coherence dynamics suggested
communication between the temporal and frontal lobes during memory scanning. Future studies will
utilize Granger causality as an alternate form of analysis. Locating and understanding areas important to
verbal memory may improve surgical outcomes and alleviate cognitive decline for epilepsy patients.
134
Q18
Degradation and TRIP8b Maintenance of HCN1 and HCN2 Channels
Presenter(s)
Pujan Patel, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Dane Chetkovich, Northwestern University
Deficiencies, mutations, and mislocalizations of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-regulated
(HCN) channels, nervous ion channels responsible for maintaining membrane polarization for signaling
on dendrites, have been noted in epilepsy, hippocampal seizures, and several electrocardial disorders. The
adapter protein tetratricopeptide-repeat containing Rab8b interacting protein (TRIP8b) has been looked to
as a potential drug therapy for these HCN channel disorders. In this study, we test for the underlying
relationship between TRIP8b and HCN channels. We do so through the hypothesis that HCN channels are
fated to degrade within the cell and that TRIP8b prevents this degradation, and localizes HCN channels,
by binding to HCN channels specifically on only the dendrites. We are testing the use of HaloTagTM
fusion protein technology and a pulse-chase analysis. HaloTagTM fusion proteins were fused with HCN1
and HCN2 through cloning, and then tested for proper expression in human embryonic kidney cells, so as
to measure them with pulse-chase analysis. Knowing the relationship of TRIP8b and HCN channels and
showing how it can maintain these channels may lead to the development of drug therapies for these fatal
diseases.
Q19
Identification of Clathrin and Adapter Protein Interacting TRIP8b Splices
Presenter(s)
Pujan Patel, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Dane Chetkovich, Northwestern University
Ye Han, Northwestern University
The adapter protein tetratricopeptide-repeat containing Rab8b interacting protein (TRIP8b) has been
identified in the regulation of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-regulated (HCN) ion channels
via cellular membrane trafficking. TRIP8b occurs in nine isoforms that interact with the endocytosis
protein clathrin and adapter proteins 1 and 2 (AP1 and AP2). This study wishes to identify which
isoforms of TRIP8b interact with the clathrin and adapter proteins to the indentify those that are
specifically involved in the downregulation and upregulation of HCN channels. Interactions were tested
with yeast two-hybrid screens and GST-pulldown assays. All interactions were tested first with the yeast
two-hybrid screening protocol, and did get data suggesting interactions between TRIP8b and clathrin and
AP1 and AP2, however they were inconclusive due to the interactions in our positive controls. The main
finding has been that the yeast two-hybrid method is difficult to perform on the specific constructs we
developed to test the interactions. Testing was continued with GST pulldown assays, which are currently
in progress. Identifying which isoforms of TRIP8b downregulate and upregulate HCN channels is critical
in developing possible drug therapies for epilepsy and hippocampal seizures, which observe a
pathophysiology that includes the loss of HCN channels.
135
Q20
Gender Differences of Neural Correlates Supporting Empathy in Schizophrenia
Presenter(s)
Nicole Runkle, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Matthew Smith, Northwestern University
Research shows that schizophrenia patients (SCZ) have empathy deficits. Regions of brain activation
while performing empathy-based tasks include the anterior insula (AI), temporoparietal junction (TPJ),
and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Prior studies show that when compared to controls (CON), SCZ
have reduced activation in these regions while performing empathy-based tasks. Research also shows that
when compared to males, females show stronger activation in the AI and ACC regions, while males show
stronger activation than females in the TPJ. Few studies have examined gender differences in empathy
neural networks in SCZ. We assessed neural correlates of empathy using functional magnetic resonance
imaging (fMRI) techniques. Analysis of functional neuroimages (AFNI) was used to preprocess and
analyze fMRI data. Analysis-of-variance was used to examine between-group differences in the bloodoxygen-
level-dependent (BOLD) response across the brain. This whole-brain analysis showed that female
SCZ had a stronger BOLD response in the right TPJ, while male SCZ had a stronger BOLD response in
the AI. No differences were found in the ACC. These findings suggest that gender differences previously
found in CON were not consistent in SCZ. This also suggests that although SCZ have empathy deficits,
males and females have a reduced BOLD response in distinct regions.
Q21
Mouse Models in the Genomic Age
Presenter(s)
Shannon Tai, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Kelly Yom, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Kay Grennan, University of Chicago
Chun-Yu Liu, University of Chicago
Telomeres are DNA-protein complexes that can be found at the end of each chromosome and are
important for protecting genes. Here, we tested the correlation between age and telomere length in
laboratory mice. DNA from the left cerebellum and blood was extracted from groups of laboratory mice
of different ages. This DNA was then analyzed with quantitative polymerase chain reaction to determine
the relative telomere lengths of the various groups. No significant difference was observed between the
telomere lengths of the different age groups. This means that aging is unlikely to be related to telomere
length in laboratory mice. Furthermore, a significant difference was found between the telomere lengths
in the left cerebellum and those of the blood, which may mean that the telomere lengths in the brain are
not able to accurately represent the telomere lengths in the blood, and vice versa. These results are
important because these mice models may be able to be used to predict the behavior of telomere lengths
in humans or other mammals. In the future, this data can facilitate investigations in microarray gene
expression to observe the changes that occur in the brains of laboratory mice after the addition of a
stressor.
136
R01
Searching for a High Mass Standard Model Higgs Boson in 6.3 fb-1 of Data at the D0 Detector
Presenter(s)
Alexander Abbinante, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Wesley Bradley, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Ryuji Yamada, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
In the Standard Model of particle physics, two problems that are left unaccounted for are electroweak
symmetry breaking and the large masses of the W and Z bosons. The predominant theory to explain these
is the Higgs mechanism, which predicts the existence of a massive scalar boson now known as the Higgs
boson. The particle has never been directly observed, and doing so is the main goal of the collider
experiments at Fermilab's Tevatron. This analysis describes a search for a high mass Standard Model
Higgs boson by the D0 detector at the Tevatron collider. Proton-antiproton collisions with a center-ofmass
energy of 1.96 TeV totaling 6.3 fb-1 of data are examined. Our work is centered on the decay mode
WH → W(WW) → lv(jj·jj), where H is the Higgs boson, W is a W boson, lv is a lepton-neutrino pair, and
jj·jj represents four jets, with a specific focus on Higgs masses in the range of 175-185 GeV. Covered
extensively is the development of an analysis framework written in the ROOT programming language and
used to model and compare simulations to data. The result is a program which can be used to search for
evidence of the Higgs across multiple channels.
R02
Detecting Cosmic Muons: Calibrating an Efficient Straw Chamber
Presenter(s)
Natasha Arvanitis, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Laura Napierkowski, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Brendan Casey, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Mandy Rominski, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Geoffrey Savage, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
We worked on detector research and development for a tracking detector as a part of the muon g-2
experiment. The g-2 experiment is designed to make high-precision measurements of the magnetic
moment of the muon in order to test the validity of the Standard Model of particle physics. Our objective
was to maximize the efficiency of a straw chamber. A straw consists of a long metallic cylinder with a
sense wire in the middle. When a particle passes through the straw, it ionizes the gas inside and allows the
sense wire to send a signal to electronics, which do preliminary data filtration and output the data to a text
file. Hardware and software were both used to filter out as much noise as possible. The optimal settings
were found to be 1700 and 1680 V for the triggering photomultiplier tubes, 1600 V for the straws, one
microsecond delay, and low vacuum pressure. It was found that filtering out any events with more than
fifty hits eliminated the majority of the obvious noise events. The methods we developed and the
programs we created will be used by the muon g-2 collaboration as they create and test new tracking
detectors.
137
R03
Modeling the Strong Gravitational Lensing System, Clone, Using Data from the Hubble Space
Telescope
Presenter(s)
Amber Betzold, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Huan Lin, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
The strong gravitational lensing system nick-named the clone was originally discovered as SDSS
J120602.09 514229.5 in the Sloan Bright Arcs Survey. The system consists of a luminous red galaxy and
its smaller neighbors (z = 0.422) lensing a bright background galaxy (z = 2.001). A small luminous
satellite galaxy present near the Einstein radius splits the arc. We modeled the system based on several
different exposures from the Hubble Space Telescope at wavelengths 450, 606, and 814 nm, using two
previously existing programs, galfit and lensview. Using the outputs from these programs, we were able
to generate information about the surface mass density, luminosity, and dark matter content of the system.
Using a singular isothermal ellipsoid model for the lens yields an Einstein radius of 3.8 inches and a mass
within that radius of 2.87 x 10¹² solar masses. We calculated a total mass to light ratio of about 19 solar
masses per solar luminosity. Our results are comparable with those obtained in previous studies of the
system, but we have made new measurements of the dark matter fraction in the system. Our results
support the growing evidence of high ratios of dark matter to luminous matter present in these systems.
R04
The Accuracy of Galaxy Cluster Mass Estimates Based on Weak Gravitational Lensing Techniques
Presenter(s)
Stephanie Cheng, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
James Annis, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Weak gravitational lensing is the bending of light due to the pull of large bodies such as galaxy clusters.
In analyzing these distortions, mass estimates of the cluster can be made. However, because weak lensing
affects all galaxies in the same part of the sky, estimates might erroneously include objects outside of the
cluster. The purpose of this study is to determine how accurately one can recover the true mass of a
cluster using weak lensing techniques. To do this, I calculated estimates for high mass (M200 > 5x1013),
low redshift (z < 0.25) clusters simulated by the Dark Energy Survey project. By using simulated clusters,
I could then compare my estimates to the true masses. Current results show estimates to differ by +/- 20-
30% from the true masses. This indicates that neighboring objects may be a significant source of error in
weak lensing techniques. Unlike other techniques, mass estimates from weak lensing account for the dark
matter in a galaxy cluster. By gaining accurate mass estimates, one can determine the amount of dark
matter in a cluster. With improved lensing techniques, astrophysicists can better understand dark matter
and its role in the Universe.
138
R05
Differentiating Neutrino Events
Presenter(s)
Mohammed Hayat, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Maury Goodman, Argonne National Laboratory
A significant fact about neutrinos is that they have non-zero masses. Neutrinos are detected through
experiments in which detectors full of scintillator display particle paths. Each neutrino has a
characteristically unique way of being identified through detectors; muon neutrinos through
distinguishable linear regression of muons, electron neutrinos through scattered linear regressions of
electrons, and pions, though similar to electrons, through two electromagnetic streaks, which are the plots
of gammas formed from a single decaying pion. Identifying neutrinos through visual algorithms may
prove to be difficult graphically due to similarities between particles, but creating patterns and algorithms
increase the probability of identifying a particle correctly. This study investigates the creation of visual
and computer algorithms to assist in differentiating these particles from one another. At Argonne National
Laboratory, visual algorithms were created; results include calculated figure of merits, efficiency of
algorithms, and compared and contrasted differentiating algorithms. These results conclude that muon
neutrinos are the easiest to detect, whereas electron neutrinos in combination with pions are the hardest to
differentiate. These results will allow scientists to differentiate neutrinos efficiently.
R06
Energy Calibration of Electron Antineutrino Using Boron-12 Beta Decays
Presenter(s)
Holly Hernandez, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Michelangelo D'Agostino, Argonne National Laboratory
Maury Goodman, Argonne National Laboratory
Seventy years ago, Enrico Fermi hypothesized the existence of a massless, chargeless particle, called the
neutrino. Neutrinos come in three different flavors: electron, muon, and tau. In the 1990's, physicists
found that neutrinos oscillate, or change into other flavors, and so they must have mass. This
contradiction of the Standard Model of particle physics inspired dozens of new neutrino experiments. One
of those experiments is Double Chooz, where electron antineutrinos from a nuclear reactor are detected in
two identical detectors. As scientists try to distinguish how many antineutrinos disappear between the two
detectors, they measure the amount of scintillation light created when neutrinos interact in each reaction
containment vessel. However, the light output is not as important the amount of energy that was initially
possessed by the neutrino. To determine the relationship between observed light and energy, this study
measured beta decays of Boron 12, which has a well known energy spectrum. The objective is to
determine which formula most accurately calculates the amount of energy released and how precisely we
can calibrate the energy with this method. Using data from Monte Carlo simulations, histograms were
generated and analyzed the information with the help of the ROOT programming language.
139
R07
Transfer Line Design from the Recycler Ring to the P150 Line for the Mu2e- Project at Fermi
National Accelerator Laboratory
Presenter(s)
Shantanu Jain, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Meiqin Xiao, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
With the opening of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, Fermilab's Tevatron will be shut down, freeing
three storage rings. Under the proposed Mu2e- project, this infrastructure will be reused to convert muons
to electrons. This project requires that 8-GeV protons be transferred from the Booster to the Antiproton
source (Pbar). Dr. Meiqin Xiao's original design offered insufficient room between the new line and the
recycler ring and P150 line. Mathematically, the transfer line is represented by a matrix of lattice
functions, which represent various parameters of the transfer line, such as the Twiss functions, βx, βy, αx,
and αy, dispersion functions Dx, Dpx, Dy, and Dpy, and phase advances μx, and μy. Since the design
requires that the transfer line inject the beam with predetermined parameters, the Methodical Accelerator
Design program was used to match the extraction point's matrix to the injection point's matrix, while
holding the strength of the magnets constant. This resulted in reduced distances between the magnetic
elements of the FODO-cell, allowing for sufficient space between the magnets and other nearby
hardware. Once implemented, the line will enable Pbar to become a set of proton storage rings as part of
the Mu2e- project, a setup that would create original research opportunities.
R08
Modeling Quench Propagation in a System of Interconnected Superconducting Coils
Presenter(s)
Emil Khabiboulline, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Iouri Terechkine, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Superconducting magnets yield a wide scope of useful applications, but they must account for the
development of quenches, a phenomenon through which the energy stored in the magnetic field dissipates
in a concentrated location. This process not only causes the loss of superconductivity, but can also
severely damage the magnet and its surroundings. Computer modeling of quench propagation allows for
the analysis of protection techniques that limit the negative effects of quenches. In this research, several
variations of a program based on the MATLAB computing language were created to model quench
propagation in a system of superconducting focusing solenoids planned for future use at Fermilab. The
investigation yielded results regarding the effects of dump resistor placement and resistance on quench
propagation. Data such as maximum temperature, voltage to ground, energy dissipation, and current
decay was acquired through the computer programs. Currently, modeling and data collection has been
completed for two quench protection schemes, with both models taking into account the location of the
quench's origin. Further analysis has determined which of these techniques should be implemented for
most effective protection. The results of this work may influence the design of future devices using
superconducting solenoids, such as particle accelerators.
140
R09
Optimization of Event Selection for the Higgs Boson Sensitivity at the Collider Detector at
Fermilab
Presenter(s)
Benjamin Kuo, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Eric James, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Sergo Jindariani, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
The Standard Model (SM) of particle physics, proposed in the 1960s, is a quantum field theory which
describes the world of elementary particles and laws of their interactions, and most of its predictions have
been tested and confirmed experimentally. The only unobserved particle in the SM today is the Higgs
boson which facilitates the interaction in the Higgs Field that creates mass. The search for this particle is
difficult due to large backgrounds - other particles producing signatures similar to that of the Higgs boson
in the detectors. In this Monte Carlo simulation-based study we aimed to demonstrate that the signal to
background ratio can be significantly improved by the use of a program to compare and contrast
information from two independent subsystems of the Collider Detector at Fermilab - the tracker and
calorimeter. We applied many cuts to calorimeter data such as muon correction, lepton selection, and
invariant mass limits. With these cuts, we hope to find true discrepancies that facilitate with Higgs
identification with the tracker. Currently, running this program on testing sets, background noise is
reduced. Ideally, after some revision, it can be run over other real data sets to filter through data needed to
be analyzed, making the search easier.
R10
Tracking the Construction and Performance of the NOvA Detector
Presenter(s)
John Lee, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jonathan Paley, Argonne National Laboratory
The NOvA detector is a particle physics detector that is used to observe neutrinos and measure neutrino
oscillations. The main focus of this investigation is to track the construction and performance of the
NOvA detector. As the NOvA detector is part of a $270 million project, it is critical to track its
construction and performance. To do so, we have written a computer program using the computer
language Python to extract data from several databases to generate progress reports and plots for quality
control of detector components and overall performance of the operations of the detectors in the
experiment. These progress reports and plots are critical to optimizing detector performance.
141
R11
Optimizing Nanometer-Scale Features
Presenter(s)
Kiwook Lee, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
David Czaplewski, Argonne National Laboratory
Electron beam lithography is a key technology to create precise nanometer structures as designed.
Through e-beam lithography, electrons are focused into a resist layer to create the design. However, some
electrons are scattered back to the resist causing changes in the original pattern. In order to create precise
patterns, the pattern must account for the additional dose of the backscattered electrons. A silicon-oninsulator
wafer was coated by negative resist, patterned by e-beam lithography, and developed by
chemicals to keep only the exposed parts. The pattern consisted of a large annulus with a small pillar at
the center. A pillar height, influenced by the radius of the annulus and the amount of electron dose, was
measured by atomic force microscope. Pillar heights with the 350 μC/cm² electron dose stayed to full
height until 14.5 μm radius and dropped rapidly after. Without the proximity effect, the first pillar was
formed at 893 μC/cm² electron dose with a height of 125 nm and its height increased as the electron dose
increased. The data points from these patterns were then inserted into a Gaussian equation to calculate the
constant beta. This beta constant will be used to optimize features of 100 nm or larger.
R12
Dynamics of Two-Dimensional Granular Gases
Presenter(s)
Peter Lu, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Justin Burton, University of Chicago
Sidney Nagel, University of Chicago
Granular gases are composed of nearly identical particles that are large enough for inter-molecular forces
to be negligible, for example, sand. In these gases, particles undergo inelastic collisions and lose kinetic
energy upon impact. Thus, the total kinetic energy of the gas decreases with time. However, a large-scale
laboratory model of a granular gas has yet to be realized. We have constructed such an experiment using a
very flat, smooth, aluminum plate with sloped boundaries. The granular particles are pellets of solid
carbon dioxide (dry ice), which float on a cushion of gas due to sublimation near the metal surface
(Leidenfrost effect), essentially forming a two-dimensional granular gas. Computer simulations of
granular gases reveal striking clustering patterns where particles bunch together in dense regions.
Preliminary results show that clustering depends on the initial positions and velocities of the particles and
tends to occur near the boundaries of the plate, but can sometimes occur in the center. To accompany the
experiment, we compare our results to computer simulations of a two-dimensional granular gas with
reflecting boundaries, which qualitatively shows the same behavior as the experiment. This clustering
may have implications for phenomena such as structure and planet formation in large dust clouds.
142
R13
An Automated Algorithm for Closed Orbit Correction
Presenter(s)
Erik Luo, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Charles Thangaraj, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
In modern accelerators, beam steering deals with particles as they travel down a beamline along a specific
path, and how beam position monitors and dipole corrector magnets are used to change their path. Due to
the machine's environment, particle drift, and external influences, the orbit is often not where it is desired,
so correctors must apply a "kick" in order to steer the orbit into position. Reviewing articles and papers on
this topic, I studied how matrix techniques including singular value decomposition (SVD) use beamline
data to calculate the precise corrector values needed to correct the global orbit. Using the Octave
programming language, I created programs that calculate these values and identify where they need to be
applied. I discovered the details to generate successful SVD results and improve their accuracy, as well as
how to interpret the results. This technique was compared to local orbit correction, in which particles are
bumped out of orbit along a small section of the beamline. I am investigating other techniques to increase
the efficiency of these programs using selected data. By testing and comparing different algorithms, I can
provide physicists a model for automatic closed orbit correction.
R14
Determining the Optimal Silicon Photomultiplier Device to Measure High Energy Particle
Collisions
Presenter(s)
Tuopu Ma, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jacob Anderson, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Juliana Whitmore, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) are analog devices that measure light intensity. Currently, the Compact
Muon Solenoid (CMS) is in need of a replacement device. The purpose of this investigation has been to
evaluate various models of existing and theoretical SiPM devices and to determine the most effective one
that can be used to measure the energy of particle collisions at CMS. Fifteen types of SiPMs, including
eight existing and seven non-existent models, with various capabilities were tested using a computer
program that simulated particle collisions. In the analysis of the mean and RMS values, results revealed
that four theoretical devices met the optimal conditions, but only two existing ones satisfied requirements.
These six devices also all used an optical detector unit (ODU) rather than an electrical detector unit
(EDU). However, it should be noted that ODUs have the disadvantage that they are more difficult to
construct. As a result, it is difficult to definitively choose either an ODU or EDU for SiPMs. With respect
to the devices, though, the main factors that affect viability are the response times and the total number of
pixels. These results will greatly assist CMS in determining the SiPM device that meets its specifications.
143
R15
Measuring Time Calibrations in Waveform Digitizing for Practical Positron Emission Tomography
Applications
Presenter(s)
Eric Ordonez, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Chien Kao, University of Chicago
This Student Inquiry and Research investigation is a research endeavor in positron emission tomography
(PET). PET is a medical imaging technique that uses gamma ray detection to reconstruct images of the
human body. Specifically, efforts were focused on learning the specifications and capabilities of the
DRS4 waveform digitizing chip and its applications to PET. Utilizing waveform digitizing in PET
detectors is an innovative design. Because of experimental limitations, this investigation featured
extensive research and analysis of other studies and publications to discuss the possibility of using the
said chip and the future implications of such a design. This research project yielded a fundamental
understanding of PET and the physics and mechanisms associated with the process. Because of their
relevance to the DRS4, time was dedicated to learning the physical phenomena involved in PET detection
as well as the workings of circuits and analog-to-digital conversion. Based on the current progress of the
research, the initial conclusion has been made that waveform digitizing could drastically reduce PET
detector size and costs in addition to greatly increasing timing accuracies and reconstructed image
resolutions. The next step would be to test the chip in a detector to confirm its compatibility in such a
design.
R16
Calibration of Dark Energy Camera Charge-Coupled Device Images in the Dark Energy Survey
Filter System Using Astronomical Standard Stars
Presenter(s)
Deokgeun Park, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Tom Diehl, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Douglas Tucker, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Astronomical images taken from a telescope must go through image processing to remove instrumental
signatures. The Dark Energy Survey (DES), which will start operations in 2012, will use a 570 megapixel
dark energy camera (DECam) to study the mystery of the acceleration of the expanding universe. The
DECam will use DES filters, and 74 of a new type of astronomical CCD that is particularly efficient in
detecting near-infrared light. Together, the DES filters and DECam CCDs are optimized for the
measurement of redshifts of distant galaxies. In preparation for the DES, data were collected from the 1m
telescope, at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) in Chile, using a DES filter set and a
DECam CCD as a test set for the initial analysis of data. Here, these CTIO-1m data were used to
determine the relationship between the apparent brightness of star's of known brightness (standard stars)
and the amount of air the telescope looks through (angular distance from the zenith or airmass). This
relationship was tested against the results from other telescopes using similar filters. Finally, this
relationship was used to calibrate the brightness of stars that were also observed in the CTIO 1 m data set.
144
R17
Operating Voltage of the Silicon Detectors in the Collider Detector at Fermilab
Presenter(s)
Jorge Quero, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
John Freeman, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Michelle Stancari, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Out of the several sub-detectors in the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF), the silicon detectors, are the
most exposed to radiation damage from collided particles. As radiation damage increases, the operating
voltage across the sensors must be raised to accommodate it. In order to know what operating voltage is
necessary for each individual sensor, many sets of previously measured depletion voltages were
extrapolated to gain a reasonable estimate. The first task was to predict the required operating voltages for
the next year, and raise them accordingly; the other task was to find when the sensors will reach 170
volts, the maximum safe operating voltage. The results reveal that all of the sensors in the first layer of
the silicon detector will require above-maximum operating voltage at approximately 18 inverse
femtobarns. In addition, half of them will be at about 14 inverse femtobarns. The silicon detectors play a
vital role in taking data for the CDF, especially as the closest detectors to the particle collision point. This
project is necessary for optimizing the efficiency of the silicon detectors so that they can take the most
accurate data possible and how long they can run efficiently without breaking.
R18
Investigation of Radiation Cool-Down Curves and Development of Tools for Their Analysis
Presenter(s)
Amir Safavi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Bruce Brown, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Since the 1930's, physicists have built accelerators which can produce radiation for scientific study. As a
byproduct, accelerator facilities can have locations where ionizing radiation poses a hazard to workers.
Not only do Fermilab accelerators produce radioactivity at the target area, but also at where the beam is
lost. In this study, radiation cool down curves were analyzed to determine the ratio of different isotopes
that make up the radioactive material created. From one radiation curve, we calculated that the percentage
of isotopes was 63 % manganese56, 27 % manganese54, and 10 % manganese52. To automate this process,
computer software was created using Microsoft Visual Basic and Excel. In addition, a Geiger counter was
built to learn practical techniques such as soldering. Furthermore, it will be used to collect data. The
results of an analysis on the Main Injector C307 Collimator, the methods used, and software created were
published so that people could perform analyses on other sources of radiation. During the investigation, I
learned the theory behind particle showers, gamma radiation, and creation of isotopes. The study and
outcomes will help people at Fermilab to keep radiation exposure low by predicting levels of radiation in
the areas where work is planned.
145
R19
The Comparison of the Different Radiotherapy Neutron Sources in Various Facilities for the
Optimal Result in Neutron Therapy
Presenter(s)
Michelle Suh, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Thomas Kroc, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
This study strived to understand to what extent neutron spectra from various neutron therapy facilities
influence the clinical results of neutron therapy for treating cancer. Measuring the effectiveness of a
certain radiotherapy treatment method is difficult due to numerous factors that influence the results. Thus,
this investigation aimed to solely compare the difference in energy spectra of four neutron therapy
facilities: in Seattle and Detroit, at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), and at Fermilab.
MCNPX, a Monte Carlo computer program, was used to emulate the interaction of the incident proton or
deuteron beam with the target of each neutron source. As expected, higher energy incident beam
produced higher energy neutrons. Fermilab, which uses the highest energy incident beam, generated a
higher energy spectrum than the facilities in Seattle and at UCLA did. The facility in Detroit produced the
highest energy neutrons, but the quantity was insignificant. For now, we are uncertain of what kind of
result leads to the best radiotherapy treatment. These results can be further pursued to identify whether
there is a correlation between the energy spectra and the clinical results of neutron therapy. The discovery
of a correlation can become a basis to finding the most efficient neutron source for the best treatment
result and for the improvement of neutron therapy overall.
R20
Using GALFIT and Lenstool to Analyze Gravitational Lenses
Presenter(s)
Gary Wang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Sahar Allam, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Huan Lin, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Outer space remains as a mysterious new frontier for mankind, so we turn to unique methods to obtain
information on distant galaxies and stars, such as gravitational lensing. This investigation looked at
analyzing the Clone lensing system and determined the best model as well as the distribution of dark
matter in the system. GALFIT, animage analysis software, was used to model the individual galaxies
within the system and an image of the background galaxy of the lensing system. The system was then
analyzed with Lenstool, which modeled the mass distribution of the galaxy. The results obtained from
GALFIT and Lenstool have had chi squared values close to one, meaning that they were relatively good
fits. Chi squared values from the GALFIT analyses were χ2 = 1.029, χ2 = 1.116, and χ2 = 1.162. The best
model obtained from Lenstool so far was the elliptical singular isothermal sphere model for all four
galaxies in the system. The results from this investigation provide some insight into the distribution of
dark matter throughout our Universe. Although only one system was analyzed in this investigation, future
work could involve other lensing systems and the comparisons of the models of each respective system.
146
S01
Correlation of Print Advertisements, Self-Concept, and Body Image in Adolescent Girls
Presenter(s)
Uchenna Agwuncha, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Deborah McGrath, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
The average American woman is 5' 4'' tall and weighs 140 pounds, whereas the average American model
featured in advertisement campaigns is a mere 115 pounds and 5' 11'' tall. A study by the American
Psychological Association found that after three minutes spent looking at a fashion magazine including
such models, 70% of women of all ages feel depressed, guilty, and unpleased. This study seeks to
correlate women's physical appearance as presented in print magazines advertisements with poor selfimage
and body image in adolescent girls. Information has been gathered from female students at IMSA
through an electronic survey with topics based on previous research and studies. Extensive research and
critical documentary reviews have allowed for the creation of the questionnaire. The primary purpose of
the survey is to gain understanding of what IMSA female students believe about the role that the media
through advertisements plays in one's self concept and decisions made regarding our body.
S02
Examining Differences in Cognitive and Executive Functioning Scores in Patients with Autism
Spectrum Disorders, ADHD, and Co-Occurring Autism and ADHD
Presenter(s)
Jennifer Bailey, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Scott Hunter, University of Chicago
Autism spectrum disorders are becoming more and more commonplace in our country. These disorders
are also being diagnosed along with other disorders quite frequently. This investigation focused on one of
those disorders, attention defici hyperactivity disoreder (ADHD), and its relationship to autism spectrum
disorders in neuropsychological testing. Patient data from the University of Chicago Comer Children's
Hospital Pediatric Neuropsychology Service was used to run a correlation analysis between three
neuropsychological tests that are important in diagnosing both disorders. The three tests, WISC-IV,
BASC 2, and BRIEF, use a combination of parental feedback and examinations to assess a child's
executive functioning and intelligence quotient. Through analysis, a positive correlation between WISCIV
verbal comprehension and BRIEF metacognitive index was found for patients with only an autism
spectrum disorder. For patients with only ADHD, a negative correlation was found between the same two
tests. When the two disorders occurred together, a positive correlation was found between WISC-IV
verbal comprehension and the BRIEF global executive composite score. This suggests that in patients
with autism spectrum disorders, executive functioning improves as language skills improve. However, in
patients with ADHD, their level of executive functioning decreases as their language skills increase,
suggesting that autism spectrum disorders are more affected by a child's language skills.
147
S03
An In-Depth Analysis in Decision Making Based Upon the Decision Making Index Scale
Presenter(s)
Kirthi Banothu, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Brendan Wesp, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Rebecca White, University of Chicago
This study compares the effectiveness of different styles of decision making and the implications it has
for an individual’s future decisions. The three different styles that will be analyzed are analytical,
intuitive, and regret. The authors will administer the decision making index assessment (DMI) to all the
participants as a means to gauge their style of decision making. After completing the DMI, the
participants will take part in a complex decision task, namely a horse-race betting simulation. Participants
are presented with different pieces of information about horses (for example, the name of the horse) and
are asked to choose which information to view in order to choose which horse they think will be most
likely to win a race. The participants bet on multiple rounds in order to collect information in regards to
how a decision will change. They are currently no results because the experiment is still in progress. The
results will help individuals better understand how and why they make the decisions that they do. The
implications of this are that there is a possible ability to determine what style of decision making is most
effective in the world and leads to the most success and least amount of regret.
S04
Predicting the Mind of a Serial Murderer: The Success of Criminal Profiling in the Case of the
Green River Killer
Presenter(s)
Jessica Grady, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Michelle Jardine, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
James Bondi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Steven Bongardt, Federal Bureau of Investigation
Criminal profiling is a procedure that determines possible personality traits, demographics, geographic
locations, and behavioral characteristics of an unidentified offender or offenders based on features of a
crime scene. It is a tool frequently used by detectives and the Federal Bureau of Investigation to aide in
creating or narrowing down a list of suspects after all other methods have proven unsuccessful. However,
criminal profiling is met with much controversy. In order to determine if profiling is a useful tool, a
literature review-based case study on Gary Ridgway, a prolific serial murderer more commonly known as
the Green River Killer, was conducted. By looking at how and why he killed as well as the contents of the
profile and how it was used in the investigation, we determined that criminal profiling was moderately
successful. While the profile helped narrow down a list of suspects that included Ridgway and aspects of
the profile correctly modeled him, the profile hindered the investigation. The way this case developed
suggests that as long as the profile is correctly created and used, criminal profiling can be an asset to
investigators.
148
S05
Awareness of Being Stared at: Investigations into the Possibility of a Sixth Sense
Presenter(s)
Carly Houdek, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Elaina Zintl, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
David Evenson, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
There is that nudge of awareness, something slight that pokes at the senses and serves as a sign of
recognition that someone is staring at you. We explored the extent to which the sense of being stared at is
part of a psychological sixth sense. There are differing views of extra senses, ranging from anecdotal
accounts to more serious research studies. Using that research, we separated the differing views and then
used unobtrusive observation to measure human perception of a stare. We stared at students, recorded
response times, and then created an experimental design using slight deception to measure the
phenomenon and link our findings to a psychological sixth sense. At this point, the experiment is
underway. Through unobtrusive observation of subjects we have collected data that seems to be
significant, supporting the presence of the sense, and showing differences in response time due to gender
and environment. We look forward to seeing the outcome of the controlled study and whether it will
confirm our initial observations. If so, then further research in this area of human perception is warranted.
S06
The Effect of Parental Input on the Language and Reading Development of Children During
Preschool
Presenter(s)
Ethan Jacobs, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Ozlem Ece Demir, University of Chicago
During the years of preschool, children engage in different activities with their parents that might prepare
them later for emerging academic challenges in the school environment. General measures of parental
language input are often used as a later predictor of children's language performance. However, not much
is known about the early parental predictors of children's literacy-related skills, such as decoding or
reading comprehension. In the current investigation, through the study of naturalistic parent-child
interactions, we examined the links between early parent utterances about literacy and children's later
reading skills. Parents and children were videotaped at child age thirty and fifty months in 90-minute
organic sessions in their homes, and sessions were transcribed. The transcripts were then coded for
pertinent utterances about literacy, including book-reading episodes, the pairing of letter sounds,
corresponding letter forms, and so forth. Changes in parental input over time were analyzed using an
ANOVA statistical test. Children's decoding and reading comprehension skills were then assessed at
kindergarten and first grade using Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement. Relations between early
parental literacy input and later child outcomes were examined using regression analysis.
149
S07
Features of Effective Support Programs for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis
Presenter(s)
Brittany Kwamin, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Whitney Kwamin, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Christopher Kolar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that attacks the central nervous system that typically
affects people between their twenties and forties. About 5 percent of multiple sclerosis patients are
diagnosed before the age of eighteen. Although there are many support programs available, pediatric MS
is rare and demands a different type of attention. Our goal is to create an outline resource that will alter
the current support systems to meet the needs of pediatric MS patients. We released a survey that was
available for ten days on a website called patientslikeme.com. Our results showed that people want to see
more clubs or accessible websites strictly for men and women with adolescent onset of multiple sclerosis.
We hope to use our research to advocate for this rare community, and show society what programs are
effective for the entire MS community.
S08
d-Amphetamine: Effects on Mood and Speech
Presenter(s)
Paloma Ocola, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Harriet de Wit, University of Chicago
Margaret Wardle, University of Chicago
The psychostimulant drug, d-amphetamine, is associated with increased focus and feelings of euphoria.
Increased sociability and talkativeness could be factors that cause people to use amphetamine
recreationally. In our study, we observed how amphetamine affected speech and word use, as well as
evaluating potential moderators of these effects like gender and personality. Thirty participants attended a
double blind study, comprised of four sessions at which they received placebo, 5 mg, 10 mg or 20 mg of
amphetamine. At each session, participants talked about an important person in their life for five minutes
to female experimenters. These speeches were transcribed and then coded using the Linguistic Inquiry
and Word Count program, which counted words in different categories such as positive words, pronouns,
and so forth. Even though amphetamine increased feelings of elation, it did not increase word count
overall, or the number of positive words, negative words, or first person singular pronouns used.
However, amphetamine's effects depended on the gender of the participant. While word counts remained
the same across placebo and amphetamine conditions in women, men talked significantly more on
amphetamine than placebo. Thus, there was a modest, gender-dependent effect of amphetamine on
talking. This could indicate amphetamine's effects depend on social conditions such as opposite-sex
versus same-sex situations.
150
S09
How Stress Affects Sleep in Elderly People with Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Presenter(s)
Patricia Walchessen, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Kathryn Reid, Northwestern University
This study looks at how stress affects sleep quality in the elderly, categorized as having low
cardiovascular risk factors. Stress has been reported to decrease sleep quality according to studies of
people aged 4 to 40. However, very few studies have focused on the elderly population. Examining the
results of a perceived stress survey with various indicators of sleep quality enables a better understanding
of how stress affects sleep. Preliminary analysis indicates no association between stress and sleep quality
in my sample of the elderly population. Based on sleep quality indicators such as duration of sleep, the
percent mobile, fragmentation, and sleep efficiency, there appears to be no association between sleep and
stress. However, my preliminary analysis does not control for gender or age. To date, my analysis
suggests results that are different from previous studies of other populations and how stress affects their
sleep. This study highlights the importance of further research of elderly sleep habits and how the elderly
respond to stress.
S10
An Exploration into Artificial Intelligence, the Human Mind, and Systems
Presenter(s)
Andrew Wentzel, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Mike Ososky, Applied Computer Tech.
There are hundreds of different theories regarding artificial intelligence. The real question that needs to be
asked is what similarities an artificial intelligence system will have with the system of the human mind.
This can only be explained through reading various works of contemporaries in the field of artificial
intelligence, such as Douglas Hofstadter, Daniel Dennett, Ray Kurzweil, and many others. For our
investigation, we decided to focus on self-organizing, adaptive systems that utilize recursion as a method
of achieving intelligence. Self-organization of a system is necessary to achieve the complexity to be
adaptive; this complexity is based on the use of recursion. Through this study, we have found that the
similarities between the human mind and possible artificial intelligence are so great that a sufficiently
powerful system would be able to pass itself off for human.
151
T01
Nationalism in Spain: Catalonia and the Basque Country
Presenter(s)
Paul Angelillo, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Ryan Jordan, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Rhett Partida, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Rafael Rodriguez, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Samuel Simon, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jose Palos, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Eric Smith, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Nationalism is one's identification with a nation of peers on cultural or ethnic grounds. In Spain, the term
nationalism does not always apply to the state itself, but rather to the various regions of the country. The
two comunidades autónomas (autonomous communities) of Spain with the greatest expression of
nationalist sentiments are Catalonia and the Basque Country. The group studied these two communities
extensively, using books such as Homage to Catalonia and Foundations of National Identity, and internet
articles from Spanish magazines including Cambio. The group also interviewed Catalonian citizens and a
professor at the University of Barcelona to expand their understanding of the cultural basis of these
nationalist movements. The group then determined that the source of Catalanismo and Vascuencismo (the
two nationalist movements) were distinct. Catalanismo is primarily a result of the different language and
history shared by the Catalonian people, whereas Vascuencismo is based mainly on the concept that raceethnic
Basques are of Celtic origins, and therefore are genetically different from other Spaniards. The
most extreme form of the Basque movement after the Franco regime was associated with the terrorist
activities of Euskadi Ta Askatasuna, a nationalist organization, while Catalanismo gained more autonomy
for Catalonia via politics. Currently, the European Union is entertaining a policy of regionalism, which
would be the fastest avenue to Catalan and Basque independence.
152
T02
An Analysis of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and its Effect on Physician
Compensation and Health Insurance Companies
Presenter(s)
Cevdet Dogan, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Aditya Suresh, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Christian Nokkentved, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
On March 23, 2010, President Barack Obama's Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act became law,
providing the framework for a new health care reform. The new legislation amended many aspects of the
healthcare system of the United States, but was met by some criticism from insurance companies and
practicing physicians. Through peer-reviewed journals and opinionated articles from both sides of the
argument, researchers looked for possible consequences of the legislation and any detrimental effects it
might have on insurance companies and practicing physicians. Insurance companies worried about the
new obligations to cover pre-existing conditions, to accept all customers, and to continue coverage of
children until age 26 on their parent's insurance. Physicians criticized the bill because of worries of
getting paid less despite gaining more patients. However, it was found that in the long run, insurance
companies would profit as the new influx of patients would increase the profit made from premiums. As
for physician compensation, the effects of the bill will vary depending on the physician specialty. The
effects of the new healthcare reform may seem harsh at first, but insurance company profits and physician
compensation will remain mostly safe and might even increase from the changes.
T03
IMSA, Parents, Expectations: Illinois Massive Stress Academy... Stressing Out Over Nothing
Presenter(s)
Jonathan Henricks, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Thomas Lightfoot, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Tracy Rogers, Northern Illinois University
Students at the Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy are faced with a unique opportunity. Totally
immersed in an academic environment, the students live on-campus amongst their fellow students. The
students at this institution often complain of stress and our investigation makes an attempt to identify the
major sources of student pressure as determined by the student body. We gathered our information
through a survey sent to the students, and our survey asked questions pertaining to academic pressures;
social pressures in terms of relationships with parents, siblings, and classmates; as well as the time
constraints caused by extracurricular activities and sports. Once we gathered all of the student's responses
we found that ninety-six percent of students believe that their fellow classmates are stressed and that
students find homework, tests, and personal motivation as their three largest sources of stress and
pressure. It is our hope that from this data our residence counselors will be able to come up with better
and more efficient ways to help students deal with stress.
153
T04
Cultivating the Gifted Minority Leader
Presenter(s)
Shawon Jackson, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Satoe Sakuma, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Purva Rushi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Leadership, being such a complex topic, is perceived in a wide variety of ways. Despite the distinct
perceptions of which characteristics define a leader, however, there still exists a set of common traits
amongst all effective leaders. The purpose of this investigation is to determine whether or not gifted
African-American and Hispanic students perceive leaders differently than other ethnic groups.
Additionally, we aim to learn which traits and behaviors the aforementioned groups recognize as needed
to be an effective leader. In order to do so, students at residential academies were surveyed, in which they
answered questions about what traits they recognize in effective leaders, as well as determining which
behaviors and actions an effective leader portrays. If we find that African-American and Hispanic
students fail to recognize core leadership traits, then we will make recommendations that involve
implementing leadership education programs for said groups, in hopes that they will develop a greater
understand of how to be an effective leader in their home communities, high schools, and the workforce.
T05
Sharing Needles: The Implementation of a Syringe Exchange Program in Chicago
Presenter(s)
Rahul Maheshwari, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
James Victory, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
This study views the utility of a syringe exchange program (SEP) implementation in the Chicago area.
SEPs provide a method for injecting drug users to exchange used needles for sterile ones. Numerous
studies conducted by the National Institutes of Health have demonstrated that SEPs are integral in
combating the spread of blood-borne diseases such as HIV and hepatitis C in urban settings in a costeffective
manner. This study conducted phone surveys involving various free clinics in the Chicago area
to gauge the potential impact an implementation of an SEP may have. Additionally, quantitative and
qualitative analyses of existing SEPs in other locations were performed to better understand the logistics
of an SEP, as well as understand existing legislation that governs these types of programs. The outcome
of this project is a model of an SEP applicable to the Chicago area.
154
T06
Assessing Math Performance of Multilingual IMSA Sophomores
Presenter(s)
Sarah Malik, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
David Evenson, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Christopher Kolar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
This study focuses on analyzing the math performance of multilingual IMSA sophomores verses those
who are only proficient in English. The idea behind this study is that mathematics is often thought of as a
language, so perhaps knowledge of more than one language contributes to success in mathematical
computation. While all IMSA students are above average in mathematics, this study focuses on
sophomores since they are least exposed to the unique learning environment at IMSA. This study profiles
sophomores from the fall semesters of 2008-2010; about 360 students are profiled. Each student's gender,
ethnicity, SAT math score, and IMSA math course grades are considered. This is done in order to identify
specifically how different groups of multilingual and unilingual students perform in mathematics. Minitab
14 was used to run analyses such as multivariate regression, stepwise regression, R² values to evaluate the
strength of correlation, and significance between variables. The study was most concerned with
multilingual students; seen as not significant with a p-value of 0.725. The variables which showed
significance were Asian race and SAT math score. The study showed that in gifted students, such as
IMSA sophomores, being multilingual does not affect ability in mathematics.
U01
The Dinosaurs' Demise: An Investigation into the K-T Impact
Presenter(s)
David Dailey, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Christopher Sartain, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Mark Hammergren, Adler Planetarium
Sixty-five million years ago, an asteroid impacted a location near present day Chicxulub, Mexico. It is
generally agreed upon that this event caused the mass extinction of the dinosaurs and other species.
During our investigation, we researched a possible mechanism of the extinction, the Firestorm Theory.
This data was collected by researching the known distributions of tektite densities. Tektites are a more
specific glass form of ejecta that is formed by impacts. Using the programming language IDL, a launch
program was created with K-T impact data that created a global distribution. Then, using the mass and
velocities from the simulation and tektite densities, the kinetic energy was calculated. A five percent
luminous efficiency will be used to find the thermal radiation per area. The simulation is almost complete,
and most of the data to create a K-T distribution has been found. Preliminary data and calculations
indicate that the energies released by the impact are near those needed for global firestorm ignition. This
data appears to support the physical underpinning of the K-T mass extinction.
155
U02
Gravitational Interactions in Globular Clusters
Presenter(s)
Ian Nodurft, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Mark Subbarao, Adler Planetarium
My research involves study into the evolution of globular star clusters due to gravity. These clusters are
some of the oldest objects in the Universe, and are very dense, containing in the order of hundreds of
thousands of stars. I looked at the length of time it takes for a cluster to stabilize and also its mass loss
rate. I used Processing, a language based on Java, to create an n-body simulation of stars in two
dimensions. At every time step, I calculaed each particle's velocity and how the gravity of all the particles
is affecting each other. I have been outputting all of the necessary data to an excel file to analyze the total
kinetic energy of the cluster and mass loss rate over time. The research I am conducting will help us to
better understand the dynamics of globular clusters.
V01
A Comparison of Islam and Christianity: Religion's Institutions
Presenter(s)
Kristopher Fernandez, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Robert Kiely, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
My study has been a historical comparison of Islam and Christianity, specifically asking what differences
have their respective revelations made on their institutions, leaders, and rules? To answer this question, a
significant amount of reading has been done. So far, I have read the Qur'an, most of the Bible, and I've
begun a study on Christian heresies. I plan to read more books and have more extensive discussions with
my advisor. Thus far, the institutions appear to be different because they reflect the differences in the
religion. Islam is founded on the Qur'an, which is a book that mostly contains rules. The institution has
faced very few schisms because the revelation has nothing to interpret. On the other hand, Christianity
maintains that orthodoxy is the most important aspect of piety. Because of that, there is always debate on
what the Christian is supposed to believe. The Christian institution is composed of many different types
of belief, but Islamic institution is virtually uniform, with varying degrees of extremism.
156
2009-2010 Student Recognition
The below accomplishments are a summary from the 2009-2010 academic year
Ruchi Aggarwal: How Does the Trafficking Motif Affect the Rate of BACE 1 Endocytosis?
Advisors: Virginie Buggia-Prevot, Gopal Thinakaran; University of Chicago
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences State Project Exposition Gold Award Winner, Intel International
Science and Engineering Fair Third Place Winner
Vashti Aguliar: Mercury Contamination in Lake Michigan and its Impact (SIR 2009)
Advisor: Robert Kiely; Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Presented at the International Water Forum, March 17-22, 2010, Kyoto, Japan
Sara Akgul: Validity of Gap Triggers in the CDF Detector
Advisor: Ricardo Eusebi; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Chicago Region Junior Science and Humanities Symposium Finalist
Lisa Akintilo: Induction of Triggered Activity by Spontaneous Intracellular Calcium Release in Whole
Heart – Experimental and Modeling Studies
Advisor: J. Andrew Wasserstrom; Northwestern University
Co-author of manuscript in preparation (J. Andrew Wasserstrom, Yohannes Shiferaw, Satvik
Ramakrishna, Heetabh Patel, James E. Kelly, Matthew J. O’Toole, Amanda Pappas, Nimi Chirayali,
Nikhil Bassi, Lisa Akintilo, Meghan Wu, Rishi Arora, Gary L. Aistrup)
Amishi Bajaj: Delayed Use of Calcineurin Inhibitors and High Dose Mycophenolate Mofetil as Initial
Immunosuppressive Therapy for Liver Transplant Recipients with Pre-Transplant Renal
Dysfunction
Advisor: Josh Levitsky; Northwestern University
2010 sanofi-aventis International BioGENEius Challenge Illinois State Finalist, Illinois Junior Academy of
Sciences Paper Exposition Finalist1, Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist,
Chicago Region Junior Science and Humanities Symposium Finalist, Intel International Science and
Engineering Fair Finalist
Shelly Bhanot: Effects of Surfactant on the Survival Rate and Incidence of Intraventricular Hemorrhages
in Infants with Birth Weight Equal or Less Than 1000 Grams During Three Different Periods in a
Single Tertiary Center (SIR 2009)
Advisor: Christine Sajous; Loyola University
Presentation at the Midwest Society of Pediatric Research, October 7-9, 2009, Chicago, IL
Grace Chan: The Effects of Pioglitazone on Glucose Uptake in C6 Glioma Cells
Advisors: Douglas Feinstein, Anthony Sharp; University of Illinois at Chicago
Presented at the Seventh Annual Japan RITS Super Science Fair, Oct. 29- Nov. 5, 2009, Kyoto, Japan
Advisor: Stephen Yau; University of Illinois at Chicago
Irene Chen: Coordinate-Free Characterization of Homogeneous Polynomials with Isolated Singularities
69th Annual Intel Science Talent Search Semi-finalist
Stephanie Cheng: Stellar Nursery: The Relationship between a Spiral
Galaxy's Bar and Its Star Formation
Advisors: Lucy Fortson, Geza Gyuk, and Mark Subbarao; Adler Planetarium
Presented at NCSSSMST Student Research Symposium, June 6-9,2010 in Hoboken, NJ
Dane Christianson: Developing World Water Filter Project: Flow Rate Characteristics
Advisors: Mark Carlson, Sarah O’Leary; Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences State Project Exposition Gold Award Winner, IJAS State Illinois
Engineering Council Achievement in Engineering Winner, IJAS State Illinois Section of the American
Water Works Association Outstanding Science Fair Project Winner
157
David Derry: Magnetic Quantum Dot Cellular Automata and its Applicability in Replacing Transistors
Advisors: Viatli Metlusho, Josh Sautner; University of Illinois at Chicago
Presented at the Seventh Annual Japan RITS Super Science Fair, Oct. 29- Nov. 5, Kyoto, Japan,
Presented at the American Junior Academy of Sciences conference at the American Association for the
Advancement of Science annual conference, Feb. 17-21, 2010, San Diego, CA
Amber Farrell: Removal of Organic Nitrogen Present in Wastewater Effluents to Prevent Drinking Water
Sources Contamination
Advisors: Marina Arnaldos, Krishna Pagilla; Illinois Institute of Technology
Co-presenter at National Academy of Engineering Grand Challenges Summit, April 21, 2010, Chicago, IL
Michael Gleeson: Developing World Water Filter Project: Flow Rate Characteristics
Advisors: Mark Carlson, Sarah O’Leary; Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Presented at the International Water Forum, March 17-22, 2010, Kyoto, Japan Illinois Junior Academy of
Sciences State Project Exposition Gold Award Winner, IJAS State Illinois Engineering Council
Achievement in Engineering Winner, IJAS State Illinois Section of the American Water Works Association
Outstanding Science Fair Project Winner
Shravanthy Gumidyala: Determining Latencies of Event-related Potentials from Verbal Memory Tasks
Using Gamma Frequency Band Analysis
Advisors: Brent Parris, Vernon Leo Towle; University of Chicago
Presented at the American Junior Academy of Sciences conference at the American Association for the
Advancement of Science annual conference, Feb. 17-21, 2010, San Diego, CA
Mohammed Hayat: Neutrino Oscillations and the NOvA Experiment
Advisors: Maury Goodman, Sarah Budd, and Michelangelo D'Agostino; Argonne National Laboratory
Presented at NCSSSMST Student Research Symposium, June 6-9, 2010 in Hoboken, NJ
Eric Huang: Proteasome Inhibition of Lithocholic Acid Derivatives
Advisor: Chin Ho Chen; Duke University
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences State Project Exposition Gold Award Winner
Bonny Jain: Modification of Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films to Increase Cation Selectivity
Advisor:
69th Annual Intel Science Talent Search Semi-finalist
Merlin Bruening; Michigan State University
Sara Johnson: The Mathematics Behind Geodesic Models
Advisor: Vincent Matsko
Presented at the Illinois Section of the Mathematical Association of America Annual Conference
Jisoo Kim: Designing Origami Models
Advisor: Vincent Matsko
Presented at the Illinois Section of the Mathematical Association of America Annual Conference
Vladislav Kontsevoi: Enhancement of Thermoelectric Properties of Lead Telluride by Doping
Siemens Competition Semi-finalist, 69th Annual Intel Science Talent Search Semi-finalist, Presented at
American Physical Society annual conference, March 15-19, 2010, Portland, OR, Chicago Region Junior
Science and Humanities Symposium Finalist
Advisors: Arthur Freeman, Jung-Hwan Song; Northwestern University
Anusha Kumar: Evidence for Evolutionary Reductions in the β-adrenergic System of the Texas Toad,
Bufo speciosus
Siemens Competition Semi-finalist, 69th Annual Intel Science Talent Search Semi-finalist, 2010 sanofiaventis
International BioGENEius Challenge Illinois State Finalist , Presented at the Society for
Integrative and Comparative Biology National Conference, Jan. 3-7, 2010, Seattle, Washington, (A.
Kumar, R. Larson, C. Brown, J.A. Carr), Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Paper Exposition Finalist,
Chicago Region Junior Science and Humanities Symposium Finalist
Advisor: James Carr; Texas Tech University
158
Anusha Kumar: Conservation Tillage as a Carbon Wedge
Advisors: Willa Shultz, Audrey Wells; Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Presented at the Keystone Energy Board annual meeting, Oct. 14, 2009, Washington, DC
Anusha Kumar: The Role of PS-1 in Adult Neurogenesis
Advisor: Orly Lazarov; University of Illinois at Chicago
Presented at the American Junior Academy of Sciences conference at the American Association for the
Advancement of Science annual conference, Feb. 17-21, 2010 San Diego, CA
Allison Larrabee: Building Self-Esteem and Confidence in Young Children
Advisor: David Evenson; Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Presented at the Illinois Association of Gifted Children Conference, Feb. 7-9, 2010, Chicago, IL
Lucy Li: Designing Origami Models
Advisor: Vincent Matsko
Presented at the Illinois Section of the Mathematical Association of America Annual Conference
Santina Lin: Designing Origami Models
Advisor: Vincent Matsko
Presented at the Illinois Section of the Mathematical Association of America Annual Conference
Iris Liu: Study of Neutrinos from Active Galactic Nuclei
Advisor: Maury Goodman; Argonne National Laboratory
Presented at the American Junior Academy of Sciences conference at the American Association for the
Advancement of Science annual conference, Feb. 17-21, 2010, San Diego, CA
Jonathan Loucks: An Analysis of Illinois Public Schools: An Examination of Factors that Contribute to
the Narrowing of the Socioeconomic Achievement Gaps
Advisor: Glenn “Max” McGee; Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Presented at the American Junior Academy of Sciences conference at the American Association for the
Advancement of Science annual conference, Feb. 17-21, 2010, San Diego, CA
Jonathan Loucks: Predicting Protein Secondary Structure: An Analysis of PSSP Methodologies and their
Accuracies
Advisor: Sarah O'Leary, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences State Project Exposition Gold Award Winner; IJAS State National
Anti-Vivisection Society’s Award for Best Advancement in the Humane or Alternative to the Use of Animals
in Research Winner
Madhav Mohandas: Climate-based Predictive Modeling of Seasonal Influenza Outbreaks
Advisor: Guanglin Li; Northwestern University
Chicago Region Junior Science and Humanities Symposium Finalist
Peter Nebres: The Applicability of Magnetic Quantum Cellular Automata as an Alternative to Transistors
Advisors: Vitali Metlushko, Josh Sautner; University of Illinois at Chicago
Presented at the American Junior Academy of Sciences conference at the American Association for the
Advancement of Science annual conference, Feb. 17-21, 2010, San Diego, CA
Peter Nebres: The Potential of Fe/Au Nanoparticles as a Magnetic Refrigerant
Advisor: Ronald P. Andres; Purdue University
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences State Project Exposition Gold Award Winner, IJAS State Lyell J and
Ethyl M Thomas Scholarship Winne, IJAS State Best in Category for Materials Science Winner
159
Liana Nicklaus: The Sloan Nearby Cluster Weak Lensing Survey
Advisors: Jeffrey Kubo, James Annis, Donna Kubik, Albert Stebbins; Fermi National Accelerator
Laboratory
Published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Volume 702, Issue 2, pp. L110-L113 (2009;
(J. M. Kubo, J. Annis, F.M. Hardin1, D. Kubik, K. Lawhorn1, H. Lin, L. Nicklaus, D. Nelson, Dylan;
R.R.Reis, H-J. Seo, M. Soares-Santos, A. Stebbins, T. Yunker1)
Daniel Pak: Specific Cellular Uptake of Targeted Liposomes in Cancer Cells
Advisors: Seungpyo Hong, Su-Eon Jin; University of Illinois at Chicago
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences State Project Exposition Gold Award Winner, Intel International
Science and Engineering Fair Finalist
Jonathan Park: Determining the Mechanisms of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Ocular Cell Infection (SIR
2009)
Advisors: Christopher O'Donnell, Deepak Shukla; University of Illinois at Chicago
Siemens Competition semi-finalist; Presented at the American Junior Academy of Sciences conference at
the American Association for the Advancement of Science annual conference, Feb. 17-21, 2010, San Diego,
CA
Varun Pilla: Increase in Prevalence of CTX-M-Producing E. coli Recovered from Outpatient Urine
Cultures
Advisor: Qi Chao; Northwestern University
Chicago Region Junior Science and Humanities Symposium Finalist
Shyam Saladi: Structural Examination of Na+ Channels
Advisor: Sarah O’Leary; Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences State Paper Exposition Gold Award Winner; IJAS State Best in
Category Cellular and Molecular Biology
Shyam Saladi: Post-Myocardial Infartion Repair and Angiogenesis
Advisors: David Simpson, Samuel Dudley; University of Illinois at Chicago
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences State Project Exposition Gold Award Winner; IJAS State Best in
Category Health Science Winner
Sidanth Sapru: Neurogenesis Permissive Chromatin in Neural Crest Cells as Novel Epigenetic Marks
During Mouse Neural Tube Closure
Advisor: Chandra Mayanil; Northwestern University
Co-author of abstract presented at the Experimental Biology Meeting of the American Society of
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology April 18-22, 2009, New Orleans, LA (S. Ichi, Y. Shen, H. Nakazaki,
S. Sapru, B. Mania-Farnell, T. Tomita, D.G. McLone, C. S. K. Mayanil)
Mehal Shah: How Does the Trafficking Motif Affect the Rate of BACE 1 Endocytosis?
Advisors: Virginie Buggia-Prevot, Gopal Thinakaran; University of Chicago
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences State Project Exposition Gold Award Winner, Intel International
Science and Engineering Fair Third Place Winner
Caroline Shin: Post-Myocardial Infartion Repair and Angiogenesis
Advisors: David Simpson, Samuel Dudley; University of Illinois at Chicago
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences State Project Exposition Gold Award Winner, IJAS State Best in
Category Health Science Winner
Yiru Tao: Developing World Water Filter Project: Flow Rate Characteristics and Germicidal Properties
Advisors: Mark Carlson, Sarah O’Leary; Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Presented at the International Water Forum, March 17-22, 2010, Kyoto, Japan, Illinois Junior Academy of
Sciences State Project Exposition Gold Award Winner, IJAS State Illinois Engineering Council
Achievement in Engineering Winner, IJAS State Illinois Section of the American Water Works Association
Outstanding Science Fair Project Winner
160
Shilpa Topudurti: Effects of Surfactant on the Survival Rate and Incidence of Intraventricular
Hemorrhage in Infants with Birth Weight Equal or Less Than 1000 Grams During Three
Different Periods in a Single Tertiary Center (SIR 2009)
Advisor: Christine Sajous; Loyola University
Presentation at the Midwest Society of Pediatric Research, October 7-9, 2009
Sumana Vardhan: Biology of Bone Development in Leukemia Patients
Advisor: Kimberley Dilley; Northwestern University
Presented at NCSSSMST Student Research Symposium, June 6-9,2010 in Hoboken, NJ
John Wang: A Model of Semi-Rational Behavior in Asset Markets
Advisor: Noah Prince
Presented at the 27th Annual Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology Undergraduate Mathematics Conference
Anderson West: The Search for Dark Matter: Using Strong Gravitational Lenses to Quantify the Dark
Matter in Two Galaxy Clusters
Advisor: Thomas Diehl; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Presented at the Seventh Annual Japan RITS Super Science Fair, Oct. 29- Nov. 5, Kyoto, Japan
Megan Wu: Induction of Triggered Activity by Spontaneous Intracellular Calcium Release in Whole
Heart – Experimental and Modeling Studies
Advisor: J. Andrew Wasserstrom; Northwestern University
Co-author of manuscript in preparation (J. Andrew Wasserstrom, Yohannes Shiferaw, Satvik
Ramakrishna, Heetabh Patel, James E. Kelly, Matthew J. O’Toole, Amanda Pappas, Nimi Chirayali,
Nikhil Bassi, Lisa Akintilo, Meghan Wu, Rishi Arora, Gary L. Aistrup)
Nancy Yu: The Activation Kinetics of CD4 and CD8 T Cells in Response to Listeria monocytogenes
Infection
Advisors: Mark Miller, Baomei Wang; Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine
Siemens Competition Semi-finalist
Weili Zheng: Determining Latencies of Event-related Potentials from Verbal Memory Tasks Using
Gamma Frequency Band Analysis
Advisors: Brent Parris, Vernon Leo Towle; University of Chicago
Presented at the American Junior Academy of Sciences conference at the American Association for the
Advancement of Science annual conference, Feb. 17-21, 2010, San Diego, CA
Weili Zheng: Developing World Water Filter Project: Flow Rate Characteristics
Advisors: Mark Carlson, Sarah O’Leary; Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences State Project Exposition Gold Award Winner, IJAS State Illinois
Engineering Council Achievement in Engineering Winner, IJAS State Illinois Section of the American
Water Works Association Outstanding Science Fair Project Winner
Amy Zhou: New Battles against Complex Infections: Synergy Studies Against Methicillin-Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
Advisor: William Kabat; Children’s Memorial Hospital
Chicago Region Junior Science and Humanities Symposium Finalist
1) IMSA Class of 2009
161
Index
Poster
Number
Page Number Name Time Room
R01 136 Alexander Abbinante 10:25 A-147
Q01 124 Ruchi Aggarwal 8:45 A-115
Q02 124 Upashruti Agrawal 1:20 A-131
S01 146 Uchenna Agwuncha 11:15 A-113
B01 42 Lisa Akintilo 9:35 A-131
I01 84 Yusuf Aktan 12:55 A-133
P01 109 Courtney Amegashie 9:10 A-115
T01 151 Paul Angelillo 12:55 A-135
A01 38 Vidya Anjur 10:50 B-148
R02 136 Natasha Arvanitis 8:45 Acad Pit A-138
K01 95 Michael Atten 10:50 Acad Pit A-138
B02 42 Ramya Babu 9:35 A-133
S02 146 Jennifer Bailey 9:35 Acad Pit A-138
H01 78 Sonia Bajaj 10:25 A-135
P02 109 Omotayo Balogun 10:25 B-116
S03 147 Kirthi Banothu 1:20 A-133
R03 137 Amber Betzold 10:25 A-119
O01 104 Shiladitya Bhattacharyya 10:00 A-149
K02 96 Mitchell Bieniek 11:15 Acad Pit A-138
C01 47 Wendy Bindeman 10:25 B-108
C02 48 Kamila Bond 10:00 A-133
I02 84 Justin Booth 1:45 Kids Inst E-115
P03 110 Madeline Booton 12:30 B-108
R01 136 Wesley Bradley 10:25 A-147
P04 110 Seth Butcher 10:50 A-147
B03 43 Yiyun Cao 12:30 A-147
H02 79 Ayse Cetinkaya 1:20 A-147
P05 111 Ajay Chatrath 10:25 A-149
P06 111 James Chen 10:25 B-148
H03 79 Wen Li Chen 12:55 D-103
I03 85 Wen Min Chen 10:50 A-149
Q03 125 Christina Cheng 10:00 A-135
R04 137 Stephanie Cheng 1:45 A-131
F01 71 Jason Chien 9:10 A-121
P07 112 Nitin Chilukuri 9:35 B-148
H04 80 Grace Choi 12:30 A-117
Q04 125 Ashley Chong 11:15 A-119
Q05 126 Sanggyu (Raymond) Chong 9:10 A-131
I04 85 Dane Christianson 9:10 B-116
G01 75 Paul Cladek 12:30 A-151
H05 80 Francis Cocjin 10:00 A-147
162
H06 81 Katia Colin 10:50 Lect Hall B-206
G02 76 Caitlyn Collett 9:35 Lect Hall B-206
H07 81 Eleanor Cory 2:10 A-115
N01 102 Jennifer Crawford 1:20 A-117
Q06 126 Julianne Crawford 1:20 A-151
L01 99 Megan Czajka 1:20 D-103
U01 154 David Dailey 8:45 A-131
I05 86 Logan Damiani 2:10 A-151
M01 99 Shelby Daniel-Wayman 12:55 D-107
J01 94 Monica Daniels 9:10 D-103
C03 48 Sonya Dave 9:10 B-110
I06 86 Henry Deng 2:10 A-131
N02 103 Diliana Dimitrova 9:10 A-147
C04 49 Xin (Danny) Ding 10:00 B-110
O02 105 Marcelo Diop-Gonzalez 8:45 B-116
T02 152 Cevdet Dogan 9:35 A-147
P08 112 Samantha Donermeyer 1:20 D-107
C05 49 Sruthi Doniparthi 11:15 B-133
C06 50 Xiangyun (Johnny) Duan 10:25 A-155
B04 43 Sharon Duval 10:50 A-155
C07 50 Christine Engbretson 11:15 A-155
Q07 127 Justin Feng 12:30 A-131
A02 38 Yan-Yang Feng 12:55 A-155
V01 155 Kristopher Fernandez 10:25 A-115
C08 51 Lucija Filipac 10:50 A-119
K02 96 Garrett Flack 11:15 Acad Pit A-138
C09 51 Hana Fouladi 1:20 A-155
C10 52 Nicholas Fung 11:15 B-116
C11 52 Mukesh Gande 11:15 B-148
M02 100 Joscelyn Garcia 9:35 A-135
I05 86 Nathan Geldner 2:10 A-151
H08 82 Dominic Gentile 10:00 B-108
H08 82 Matthew Gietl 10:00 B-108
C11 52 Kyle Glasper 11:15 B-148
C12 53 Andrew Go 1:45 A-155
H09 82 Carlos Gomez 10:00 Acad Pit A-138
K01 95 Rafael Gonzalez 10:50 Acad Pit A-138
S04 147 Jessica Grady 1:20 Acad Pit A-138
C03 48 Carol Gu 9:10 B-110
C13 53 Webster Guan 1:20 B-108
J02 94 Kathleen Gundry 8:45 A-135
P09 113 Annie Guo 9:10 A-113
P10 113 Annie Guo 9:35 A-113
C14 54 Eaton Guo 10:50 B-110
Q08 128 Brinda Gupta 11:15 A-131
163
I07 87 Saarthak Gupta 2:10 A-155
G03 76 Inga Gurevich 8:45 A-155
F02 72 Samuel Haile 10:25 A-121
O03 105 Derek Hardin 1:45 A-135
I08 87 Kenneth Harvey 12:55 Lect Hall B-206
R05 138 Mohammed Hayat 1:20 A-135
G04 77 Joseph Hecker 1:45 Lect Hall B-206
T03 152 Jonathan Henricks 12:30 Kids Inst E-115
P11 114 Jacob Henry 10:25 B-110
R06 138 Holly Hernandez 11:15 A-135
Q09 128 Janell Herrera 1:45 D-107
M03 100 Miranda Herzog 8:45 A-147
S05 148 Carly Houdek 10:00 A-117
I09 88 Peter Howes 12:55 D-110
P12 114 Ingrid Hsiung 10:50 A-113
C15 54 Dorcas Huang 1:45 D-103
B05 44 Eric Huang 2:10 A-135
T04 153 Shawon Jackson 10:25 Acad Pit A-138
S06 148 Ethan Jacobs 2:10 B-108
R07 139 Shantanu Jain 10:25 D-103
F03 72 Shantanu Jain 10:50 D-103
C16 55 Brielle James 12:55 Kids Inst E-115
S04 147 Michelle Jardine 1:20 Acad Pit A-138
P13 115 Vijay Jayaram 1:45 B-133
G05 77 Zeno Jeong 9:10 D-107
Q10 129 Irene Jiang 12:55 A-119
T01 151 Ryan Jordan 12:55 A-135
Q11 129 Harsha Jujjavarapu 10:25 A-131
Q12 130 Harsha Jujjavarapu 10:50 A-131
O04 106 Adam Kalinich 1:20 Lect Hall B-206
I10 88 Aditya Karan 1:45 A-147
C17 55 Lakshmi Katta 10:50 B-108
B06 44 Nilesh Kavthekar 10:00 A-113
F04 73 Nilesh Kavthekar 10:25 A-113
R08 139 Emil Khabiboulline 1:45 Acad Pit A-138
P14 115 Alex Kim 12:55 B-110
O05 106 Jisoo Kim 9:35 A-149
P15 116 Jiwon Kim 9:10 A-149
C18 56 Yoo (Jenny) Kim 9:35 B-116
P16 116 Ifreke King 10:50 A-135
E01 69 Matthew Kleinjan 1:20 Kids Inst E-115
Q13 131 Timothy Klincewicz 11:15 A-121
C19 56 Hannah Koo 1:45 B-108
Q14 132 Alekya Kothamasu 8:45 A-149
I08 87 Austin Kramer 12:55 Lect Hall B-206
164
A03 39 Krishna Kudaravalli 1:20 B-110
P17 117 Previn Kumar 1:45 B-110
Q15 132 Vignessh Kumar 10:50 B-116
K03 97 Benjamin Kuo 8:45 A-119
R09 140 Benjamin Kuo 9:10 A-119
B07 45 Samuel Kwak 2:10 A-147
S07 149 Brittany Kwamin 11:15 A-117
S07 149 Whitney Kwamin 11:15 A-117
C20 57 Jacob Lahr 2:10 A-117
R10 140 John Lee 12:30 B-116
I04 85 Jongmin Lee 9:10 B-116
C18 56 Jongmin Lee 9:35 B-116
A04 39 Justin Lee 9:10 D-110
R11 141 Kiwook Lee 2:10 Acad Pit A-138
P18 117 Samantha Levin 1:20 A-119
E02 70 Mingyang (Jennifer) Li 1:20 B-116
F04 73 Ted Li 10:25 A-113
Q16 133 Xiaoyu Li 1:45 B-116
T03 152 Thomas Lightfoot 12:30 Kids Inst E-115
P19 118 Sarah Lisk 12:30 Lect Hall B-206
D01 68 Naomi Liu 1:45 A-119
H10 83 Victoria Lo 12:55 A-115
R12 141 Peter Lu 2:10 B-116
R13 142 Erik Luo 8:45 B-133
E03 70 Pan Luo 10:50 A-133
P20 118 Justine Ly 8:45 A-117
R14 142 Tuopu Ma 9:10 B-133
H09 82 Christopher Macias 10:00 Acad Pit A-138
O06 107 Corinne Madsen 1:45 A-149
T05 153 Rahul Maheshwari 11:15 D-107
T06 154 Sarah Malik 10:25 A-117
Q17 133 Egle Malinauskaite 2:10 A-149
C21 57 Nolan Maloney 1:20 A-115
C22 58 Janani Mandayam Comar 11:15 A-151
I02 84 Brendan Mathias 1:45 Kids Inst E-115
P21 119 Daniel Matthews 11:15 Lect Hall B-206
C23 58 Lydia Matthews 9:35 A-117
C17 55 Rhyston Mays 10:50 B-108
H07 81 Allyson Milenkovic 2:10 A-115
F05 73 Derrick Miller 11:15 D-103
P22 119 Hannah Miller 2:10 B-110
I11 89 Samir Mishra 2:10 A-119
A05 40 Madhav Mohandas 8:45 A-133
B08 45 Madhav Mohandas 9:10 A-133
P23 120 Christina Momchev 9:35 B-133
165
C24 59 Thitipong Mongkolrattanothai 10:00 B-133
C25 60 Christine Mourafetis 9:35 B-110
I12 89 Byron Mui 1:20 A-149
I13 90 Jonathan Munoz 2:10 D-103
R02 136 Laura Napierkowski 8:45 Acad Pit A-138
F06 73 Angus Nelson 9:35 A-121
J03 95 Perry Nelson 8:45 D-103
U02 155 Ian Nodurft 12:55 B-133
M04 101 Melissa O'Brien 8:45 D-107
K01 95 Cai O'Connell 10:50 Acad Pit A-138
H06 81 Chibuzo Obasi 10:50 Lect Hall B-206
S08 149 Paloma Ocola 2:10 D-107
R15 143 Eric Ordonez 1:20 B-133
E04 71 Elizabeth Ott 11:15 D-110
C22 58 Sai Parepally 11:15 A-151
R16 143 Deokgeun Park 2:10 B-133
C26 60 Cassie Parks 8:45 A-151
T01 151 Rhett Partida 12:55 A-135
D02 68 Jay Patel 1:45 A-115
K04 97 Neel Patel 1:20 D-110
Q18 134 Pujan Patel 1:45 A-113
Q19 134 Pujan Patel 2:10 A-113
F07 74 Gregary Pergrossi 10:00 A-121
F07 74 Zachary Pergrossi 10:00 A-121
P12 114 Pranusha Pinna 10:50 A-113
Q13 131 Areen Pitaktong 11:15 A-121
P07 112 Ajay Pius 9:35 B-148
Q05 126 Tonu Pius 9:10 A-131
C27 61 Irina Pushel 10:00 B-148
P24 120 Gina Qin 12:55 B-148
R17 144 Jorge Quero 11:15 A-133
O01 104 James Quigley 10:00 A-149
N03 103 Haley Ramirez 1:45 A-117
O07 107 Matthew Rasmussen 9:35 A-155
C09 51 James Rea 1:20 A-155
P07 112 Abhinav Reddy 9:35 B-148
C24 59 Mahendra Reddy 10:00 B-133
K05 98 Nishith Reddy 9:35 A-115
P25 121 Nishith Reddy 10:00 A-115
P13 115 Thomas Reith 1:45 B-133
I14 90 Benjamin Richardson 2:10 D-110
D03 68 Glen Richardson 8:45 Lect Hall B-206
P26 121 Ashley Ro 10:00 Kids Inst E-115
T01 151 Rafael Rodriguez 12:55 A-135
I15 91 Madison Rogers 2:10 Kids Inst E-115
166
Q14 132 Alexandra Roman 8:45 A-149
I11 89 Shobhit Roy 2:10 A-119
Q20 135 Nicole Runkle 11:15 A-149
R18 144 Amir Safavi 8:45 Kids Inst E-115
T04 153 Satoe Sakuma 10:25 Acad Pit A-138
A06 40 Sarah Salameh 2:10 B-148
P27 122 Yasmeni Sandridge 12:55 A-121
U01 154 Christopher Sartain 8:45 A-131
M05 101 Jeannine Schulz 10:50 A-115
P28 122 Mehal Shah 2:10 A-133
A07 41 Samir Shah 9:35 D-103
M04 101 Kimberly Sherwin 8:45 D-107
A06 40 Urmi Sheth 2:10 B-148
P20 118 Katherine Shi 8:45 A-117
P29 123 Kevin Shi 9:35 D-107
I16 91 Yanchen Shi 10:00 D-107
H11 83 Alan Shramuk 10:25 Lect Hall B-206
D01 68 Si Si 1:45 A-119
T01 151 Samuel Simon 12:55 A-135
C28 61 Mahi Singh 10:50 A-151
B09 46 Navdeep Singh 8:45 A-121
O08 108 Rose Sloan 10:25 D-107
C29 62 Alexandra Smick 9:10 A-151
I13 90 Samuel Smith 2:10 D-103
I17 92 Hyun Jin Song 9:10 Acad Pit A-138
Q01 124 Shruthi Subramanian 8:45 A-115
R19 145 Michelle Suh 1:45 A-151
P30 123 Steven Suh 8:45 D-110
A04 39 Sung Hwan Suh 9:10 D-110
C20 57 Amanda Sul 2:10 A-117
T02 152 Aditya Suresh 9:35 A-147
C30 62 Andrew Ta 1:20 A-121
Q21 135 Shannon Tai 1:20 B-148
P28 122 Divya Tankasala 2:10 A-133
O09 108 Michael Teng 10:50 A-117
D02 68 Vivek Thakkar 1:45 A-115
O01 104 Oscar To 10:00 A-149
C31 63 Aaditya Tolappa 1:45 A-133
L01 99 Connor Tomasko 1:20 D-103
I01 84 Matthew Tsao 12:55 A-133
P02 109 Kari Tyler 10:25 B-116
C32 63 Risun Udawatta 9:35 D-110
B10 46 Sydney Valero 9:35 A-151
C33 64 Sumana Vardhan 10:50 B-133
P26 121 Nikita Veera 10:00 Kids Inst E-115
167
N04 104 Vamika Venkatesan 1:45 A-121
Q09 128 Jessica Ventenilla 1:45 D-107
C34 64 Sonam Vyas 10:00 A-151
S09 150 Patricia Walchessen 10:25 D-110
C35 65 Kelly Wallin 2:10 A-121
C20 57 Connie Wang 2:10 A-117
R20 145 Gary Wang 10:00 A-119
G06 78 Harley Wang 9:10 A-155
F04 73 Joseph Wang 10:25 A-113
F08 75 Kevin Wang 9:10 Lect Hall B-206
C36 65 Xun Ming (Jenny) Wang 10:50 D-110
G02 76 Samuel Weitekamp 9:35 Lect Hall B-206
M06 102 Sarah Weitekamp 8:45 B-148
S10 150 Andrew Wentzel 2:10 Lect Hall B-206
S03 147 Brendan Wesp 1:20 A-133
I18 92 Michael White 1:45 B-148
C37 66 Jordan Williams 8:45 B-110
F01 71 Konrad Wrobel 9:10 A-121
I19 93 Joly Wu 9:10 Kids Inst E-115
B01 42 Megan Wu 9:35 A-131
C38 66 Diana Xu 11:15 B-108
D02 68 Nathan Yan 1:45 A-115
I20 93 Baihan Yang 10:00 Lect Hall B-206
C39 67 Karthik Yarlagadda 9:35 Kids Inst E-115
B11 47 Candice Yi 12:55 A-113
C40 67 Candice Yi 1:20 A-113
Q21 135 Kelly Yom 1:20 B-148
K06 98 Vanya Yorgova 1:45 D-110
Q17 133 Paul Yuan 2:10 A-149
A08 41 Stanley Yuan 10:25 Kids Inst E-115
K04 97 Seth Zelman 1:20 D-110
A08 41 Vivian Zhang 10:25 Kids Inst E-115
O09 108 Kevin Zhao 10:50 A-117
I16 91 Douglas Zhu 10:00 D-107
S05 148 Elaina Zintl 10:00 A-117
Dear IMSA Friends:
The Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy® (IMSA) strives “to ignite and nurture creative,
ethical, scientific minds that advance the human condition,” and the Student Inquiry and Research
(SIR) Program is just one way that we do that. Through SIR and its partnerships, IMSA students
engage in rich opportunities to pursue compelling questions of interest, conduct investigations,
communicate findings, and ultimately impact society. Inquiry Without Boundaries reflects our
students’ infinite possibilities to explore their unique passions, develop new interests, and collaborate
with experts around the globe. Their research experiences teach them about thinking and learning
and prepare them for careers that may well not yet exist.
Through the Student Inquiry and Research Program, IMSA provides a mechanism that engages
students in personalized learning to pursue solutions to problems and issues that challenge our global
community. Partnerships with distinguished professionals at colleges and universities, research
institutions, businesses, and museums allow our students to gain experience in real-world problem
solving, collaboration, and scholarship. The ability to work with professionals is life-changing for
our students. In many cases, our students have already contributed to IMSA’s mission and our goal
to have IMSA students improve our global world. Evidence of our students’ excellence, in all fields,
is found within this proceedings book of our twenty-third annual IMSAloquium. Many of our
students have already, in high school, published and presented at local, national, and international
venues. This is truly Inquiry Without Boundaries.
In just over two decades, IMSA has become one of the premier institutions of its kind in our state,
nation, and the world. As such, we have a responsibility to share our expertise with others. To
address the field of education’s growing demand for student research programs, IMSA hosted more
than one-hundred area teachers at the 2011 STEM Student Research Leadership Forum aimed at
supporting and fostering student research opportunities and an additional two-hundred at an inquirybased
professional development day. These are just some examples of how IMSA’s faculty and staff
share their talents and expertise with thousands of teachers and students each year.
The strength of our Student Inquiry and Research program lies with collaborative partnerships and we
are deeply appreciative of our students’ advisors and their institutions. We thank all the experts and
leaders who join us in boldly applying innovative ways to nurture learners’ talents and guide them as
they reach extraordinary levels of achievement. When working together as a collective community,
we have the vision, resources, and influence to shape education in ways that truly enable students to
“learn how to learn” so they can confront present and future challenges that impact our local and
global communities.
Sincerely,
Glenn W. “Max” McGee Judith A. Scheppler, Ph.D.
President Coordinator of Student Inquiry & Research
1
Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
The World's Leading Teaching and Learning Laboratory for Imagination and Inquiry
Twenty-third Annual IMSAloquium
April 21, 2011
Table of Contents
Student Inquiry and Research ……………………….…………………………………………….…. 2
Student Recognition ………………………..…………………………………………………….. 3 - 7
Schedule of Activities ……………………………………………………………………................... 9
Poster Session ….......…………………………..……………………………………………..... 10 - 19
Poster Session Maps ………………………………………………………………….. 21 - 24
Time and Room Schedule for Presentations ………………………………………….…………25 - 37
Student Abstracts, organized by topic…………………………………..………….………….. 38 - 155
• A Biochemistry 38 - 41
• B Bioengineering 42 - 47
• C Biology 47 - 67
• D Business 68 - 69
• E Chemistry 69 - 71
• F Computer Science 71 - 75
• G Economics 75 - 78
• H Education 78 - 83
• I Engineering 84 -93
• J English 94 - 95
• K Environmental Science 95 - 98
• L Fine Arts 99
• M History 99 - 102
• N Law 102- 104
• O Mathematics 104 - 108
• P Medicine 109 - 123
• Q Neurobiology 124 - 135
• R Physics 136 – 145
• S Psychology 146 - 150
• T Social Science 151 - 154
• U Space Science 154 – 155
• V Theology 155
SIR 2009-10 Summary ……………………………………………………………………………..156 - 160
Index of Student Presenters Referenced to Time, Room, and Abstract Number …………………. 161 - 167
Inside Back Cover – IMSA Map with Room Locations Highlighted
IMSAloquium cover designer is Chris Reader, IMSA staff member.
The cover was inspired by Science (February 11, 2011).
IMSAloquium logo design by Stephanie Chang and Hon Lung Chu (IMSA Class of 2007).
2
Student Inquiry and Research
The Student Inquiry and Research (SIR) program has been an integral part of student personalized learning
at IMSA since the 1989 academic year. Since its inception with seven students, SIR has grown into a
program that encompasses all disciplines and participation by 85% of the class of 2011. Our students’
accomplishments have flourished. They do not have to wait until they graduate from college to begin to
make significant contributions to science, mathematics, the humanities, and the world around them.
IMSA’s young apprentice investigators open our eyes to what is possible, and the World is paying
attention. Accomplishments by students participating in Student Inquiry and Research are numerous!
Authorship or Co-authorship in Publications (partial list)
• The Astrophysical Journal Letters
• Journal of Physical Chemistry
• Learning and Leading with Technology
• Nature
• NCSSSMST Journal
• The Science Teacher
“Student Inquiry and Research: Developing Students' Authentic Inquiry Skills” authored by Judith A.
Scheppler, Susan Styer, Donald Dosch, Joseph Traina, and Christopher Kolar, is among only eighteen
inquiry-based programs nation-wide to have a chapter in the National Science Teachers Association book
Inquiry: The Key to Exemplary Science (2009, NSTA Press).
“Student Inquiry at the Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy,” authored by Judith A. Scheppler,
Donald Dosch, Susan Styer, and Steve Rogg, is among only fifteen high school models in the nation to
have chapters in the National Science Teachers Association book, Exemplary Science in Grades 9-12
(2005, NSTA Press).
Portraits of Great American Scientists (2001, Prometheus Books) contains biographies of fifteen
American men and women motivated to excel in diverse fields of science. This book was the collaborative
student effort of fifteen participants in IMSA's Student Inquiry and Research Program.
Presentations (partial list)
• American Physical Society
• American Society of Cell Biology
• American Society of Microbiology
• Experimental Biology 2011
• Junior Academy of Science at AAAS
• Midwest Society of Pediatric Research
• NCSSSMST Student Research Symposium
• Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology Undergraduate Mathematics Conference
• Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology
Competitions (partial list)
• iBioGENEius
• Intel International Science and Engineering Fair
15 finalists since 2008
1 fourth place (individual) category award, 1 (team) third place category award
• Intel Science Talent Search
38 semi-finalists and 10 finalists since 1989
Finalists have placed first (1993), fifth (1998), third (1999), and second and sixth (2005)
• Junior Science and Humanities Symposium
• Neuroscience Research Prize
• Siemens Westinghouse (established 1998-99)
43 regional semi-finalists resulting in 6 regional finalists and 1 national semi-finalist
3
2010-2011 Student Recognition
Please join us in the Academic Pit, at 12:30, for our Student Recognition Ceremony
Hosted By
Dr. Leon Lederman, Nobel Laureate and IMSA Resident Scholar
And
Dr. Glenn “Max” McGee, IMSA President
Ruchi Aggarwal: Characterizations of BACE1 Endocytosis
Advisors: Virginie Buggia-Prevot and Gopal Thinakaran; University of Chicago
Presented at the American Junior Academy of Sciences conference at the American Association
for the Advancement of Science annual conference, Feb.16-20, 2011 in Washington DC
Ruchi Aggarwal: The Effects of Cell Demographics on ADDL Binding and Toxicity
Advisors: William Klein, Gina Boylan, Anil Wadhwani and Pascale Lacor; Northwestern
University
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist1
Courtney Amegashie: Effect of High Nitric Oxide Microenvironments on Oral Cancer Cell
Migration
Advisor: James Radosevich; University of Illinois at Chicago
Presented at University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry Clinic and Research Day,
March 10, 2011 in Chicago, IL
Stephanie Cheng: Stellar Nursery: The Relationship between a Spiral
Galaxy's Bar and Its Star Formation
Advisors: Lucy Fortson, Geza Gyuk, and Mark Subbarao; Adler Planetarium
Presented at NCSSSMST Student Research Symposium, June 6-9, 2010 in Hoboken, NJ
Dane Christianson: Engineering a Water Filter for Developing Countries: Varying Lateral
Thickness to Optimize Flow Rates
Advisors: Mark Carlson and Sarah O’Leary-Driscoll; Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Presented at WaterCon 2011, March 22-23, 2011 in Springfield, IL
Henry Deng: Networks of Ultrasmall Pd/Cr Bilayer Nanowires - A New Type of High
Performance Hydrogen Sensor
Advisors: Zhili Xiao, Hsien-Hau Wang, and Michael Latimer; Argonne National Laboratory
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist1; IJAS Region V ASM Materials
Education Foundation Award; Intel International Science and Engineering Fair Finalist2
Victor Duan: A Novel Clustering Method via Nucleotide-Based Fourier Power Spectrum
Analysis
Advisor: Stephen Yau; University of Illinois at Chicago
70th Annual Intel Science Talent Search Semi-finalist; Chicago Region Junior Science and
Humanities Symposium Finalist and Second Place Winner3
Brinda Gupta: Effect of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridnium on Dopamine Neuron Loss in LPS Mouse
Model of Parkinson's Disease
Advisors: Paul Carvey, Bill Hendey, Toia Giuseppe, and Aditi Patel; Rush University Medical
Center
IJAS Region V Society for In Vitro Biology Award
4
Derek Hardin: On Potentially Planar Graphic Degree Sequences
Advisor: Noah Prince; Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Siemens Competition Regional Semi-Finalist; 70th Annual Intel Science Talent Search Semifinalist
Mohammed Hayat: Neutrino Oscillations and the NOvA Experiment
Advisors: Maury Goodman, Sarah Budd, and Michelangelo D'Agostino; Argonne National
Laboratory
Presented at NCSSSMST Student Research Symposium, June 6-9, 2010 in Hoboken, NJ
Dorcas Huang: The Effects of Sanitizers on the Survival of Stressed Salmonella enteritidis on
Shelled Eggs
Advisors: Wei Zhang and Jill Vogan; Illinois Institute of Technology
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist1
Eric Huang: Proteasome Inhibition of Lithocholic Acid Derivatives
Advisor: Chin Ho Chen; Duke University
Siemens Competition Regional Finalist; Presented at the American Junior Academy of Sciences
conference at the American Association for the Advancement of Science annual conference,
Feb.16-20, 2011 in Washington DC; Chicago Region Junior Science and Humanities Symposium
Finalist
Aditya Karan: Understanding the Formation of Torodial Spiral Particle
Advisor: Ying Liu; University of Illinois at Chicago
IJAS Region V National Society of Professional Engineers Award
Emil Khabiboulline: Modeling of Quench Protection Techniques in Superconducting Solenoid
Magnets
Advisors: Iouri Terechkine and MicahelTartaglia; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist1; IJAS Region V Yale Science and
Engineering Association, Inc Award; Intel International Science and Engineering Fair Finalist2
Vignessh Kumar: Characterization of HuR Overexpression in a Post-Ischemic Penumbra
Advisors: Agnieszka Ardelt and Randall Carpenter; University of Chicago
Chicago Region Junior Science and Humanities Symposium Finalist and First Place Winner3
Samuel Kwak: Development and Evaluation of a Prosthetic Ankle that Mechanically Adapts to
Sloped Surfaces
Advisors: Stefania Fatone and Eric Nickel; Northwestern University
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist1; IJAS Region V US Army Grand
Prize Winner
Kiwook Lee: Optimizing Nanometer-Scale Features
Advisors: David Czaplewski, Katherine Becker, Leonidas Ocala, and Joshi Imre; Argonne
National Laboratory
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist1; IJAS Region V US Navy Award;
Intel International Science and Engineering Fair Finalist2
5
Justine Ly: Endothelial Cell ICAM-1-dependent Signaling Negatively Regulates MCP-1
Production
Advisor: Guoquan Liu; University of Illinois at Chicago
Co-author of abstract presented at Experimental Biology 2011 April 9-13, 2011, Washington
D.C. (Guoquan Liu, Katherine Shi, Justine Ly, Aaron T. Place, Farnaz Bakshi, Richard D.
Minshall)
Corinne Madsen: An Extension of the Erdös-Ginzburg-Ziv Theorem: Non-Zero Sums in Zn
Advisor: Noah Prince; Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Siemens Competition Regional Semi-Finalist; 70th Annual Intel Science Talent Search Semifinalist
Egle Malinauskaite: Mapping Verbal Memory Areas in Epileptic Patients through
Electrocorticographic Readings of Subdural Electrodes
Advisor: Vernon Leo Towle; University of Chicago
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist1; IJAS Region V US Army Award
Janani Mandayam Comar: Auditory and Pheromone Sensing in Trpml3 Knockout Mice
Advisor: Jaime Garcia-Anoveros; Northwestern University
Siemens Competition Regional Semi-Finalist; Chicago Region Junior Science and Humanities
Symposium Finalist; Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist1
Lydia Matthews: The Role of Pigment Epithelium Derived Factor (PEDF) in the Expression of
p21 and p27 in Pancreatic Cancer
Advisor: Paul Grippo; Northwestern University
Presented at the International Student Science Fair, September 13-17, 2010 in Adelaide,
Australia
Jacob Miller: Metal Alkoxide Functionalization in Metal-Organic Frameworks for Enhanced
Ambient-Temperature Hydrogen Storage
Advisor: Rachel Getman; Northwestern University
Published in The Journal of Physical Chemistry C (2011) Vol. 115 No.5, pp 2066–2075 (Rachel
B. Getman, Jacob H. Miller, Kenneth Wang, and Randall Q. Snurr)
Madhav Mohandas: Effect of Mechanical Forces and Cleavage Plane Orientation on Epithelial
Geometry and Topology
Advisor: Jie Liang; University of Illinois at Chicago
Chicago Region Junior Science and Humanities Symposium Finalist; IJAS Region V Intel
Excellence in Computer Science Award
Daniel Pak: Harmaline and Sodium Benzoate, Food Processing By-Product and Preservative,
Induced Mitochondrial Damages: A Possible Implication in Degerative Diseases
Advisor: Youngmi Kim Pak; Kyung-Hee University
Siemens Competition Regional Semi-Finalist; 70th Annual Intel Science Talent Search Semifinalist
Daniel Pak: Specific Cellular Uptake of Targeted Liposomes in Cancer Cells
Advisor: Seungpyo Hong; University of Illinois at Chicago
Presented at the American Junior Academy of Sciences conference at the American Association
for the Advancement of Science annual conference, Feb.16-20, 2011 in Washington DC
6
Sai Parepally: Auditory and Pheromone Sensing in Trpml3 Knockout Mice
Advisor: Jaime Garcia-Anoveros; Northwestern University
Siemens Competition Regional Semi-Finalist; Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project
Exposition Finalist1
Areen Pitaktong: The Role of MAN2A2 Expression in Glioma Proliferation and Invasivity
Advisors: Roger Kroes, Mary Schmidt, and Joseph Moskal; Northwestern University
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist1
Peter Purnyn: Smartphone Applications
Advisors: Pat Patankar and Namrata Pandya; Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Presented at the International Student Science Fair, September 13-17, 2011 in Adelaide,
Australia
Nishith Reddy: CdS/ZnS Quantum Dot-Photoexcited Glucose Oxidase Biosensor for Ag+
Detection in Contaminated Aqueous Environments
Advisor: Karl Rockne; University of Illinois at Chicago
Chicago Region Junior Science and Humanities Symposium Finalist; Illinois Junior Academy of
Sciences Project Exposition Finalist1
Nicole Runkle: Paracingulate Gyrus Influences Cognition, Negative Symptoms, and Personality
in Schizophrenia
Advisors: Matthew Smith and Lei Wang; Northwestern University
Siemens Competition Regional Semi-Finalist; Presented at the Eighth Annual RITS Super Science
Fair, Nov 1-6, 2010 in Kyoto, Japan; 70th Annual Intel Science Talent Search Semi-finalist
Mehal Shah: Characterizations of BACE1 Endocytosis
Advisors: Virginie Buggia-Prevot and Gopal Thinakaran; University of Chicago
Presented at the American Junior Academy of Sciences conference at the American Association
for the Advancement of Science annual conference, Feb.16-20, 2011 in Washington DC
Mehal Shah: Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates
from Newborn Infants
Advisor: Bill Kabat; Children's Memorial Research Center
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist1
Katherine Shi: Endothelial Cell ICAM-1-dependent Signaling Negatively Regulates MCP-1
Production
Advisor: Guoquan Liu; University of Illinois at Chicago
Co-author of abstract presented at Experimental Biology 2011 April 9-13, 2011, Washington
D.C. (Guoquan Liu, Katherine Shi, Justine Ly, Aaron T. Place, Farnaz Bakshi, Richard D.
Minshall)
Mahi Singh: Effect of Dnmt3b Deficiency on DNA Methylation Status of Myc-induced
Mediastinal Lymphomas
Advisors: Lucy Godley, Janet LePore, and Aparna Vasanthakumar; University of Chicago
Presented at the International Student Science Fair, Sept 13-17, 2010 in Adelaide, Australia
Shruthi Subramanian: The Effects of Cell Demographics on ADDL Binding and Toxicity
Advisor: William Klein, Gina Boylan, Anil Wadhwani and Pascale Lacor; Northwestern
University
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist1
7
Michelle Suh: The Comparison of the Different Radiotherapy Neutron Sources in Various
Facilities for the Optimal Result in Neutron Therapy
Advisor: Thomas Kroc; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist1; IJAS Region V American
Nuclear Society Award; IJAS Region V US Navy Award
Divya Tankasala: Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clinical
Isolates from Newborn Infants
Advisor: Bill Kabat; Children's Memorial Research Center
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist1
Sumana Vardhan: Biology of Bone Development in Leukemia Patients
Advisor: Kimberley Dilley; Northwestern University
Presented at NCSSSMST Student Research Symposium, June 6-9, 2010 in Hoboken, NJ
Kenneth Wang: Metal Alkoxide Functionalization in Metal-Organic Frameworks for Enhanced
Ambient-Temperature Hydrogen Storage
Advisor: Rachel Getman; Northwestern University
Published in The Journal of Physical Chemistry C (2011) Vol. 115 No.5, pp 2066–2075 (Rachel
B. Getman, Jacob H. Miller, Kenneth Wang, and Randall Q. Snurr)
Paul Yuan: Mapping Verbal Memory Through Electrocorticographic Readings of Subdural
Electrodes
Advisor: Vernon L. Towle; University of Chicago
Siemens Competition Regional Semi-Finalist; Presented at the Eighth Annual RITS Super Science
Fair, Nov 1-6, 2010 in Kyoto, Japan; Chicago Region Junior Science and Humanities Symposium
Finalist
Johannes Zhou: Discovery of Novel Phytoconstituents for Anticancer from the Aerial Parts
of Cimicifuga fetida
Advisors: Hongjie Zhang and Norman R Farnsworth; University of Illinois at Chicago
Presented at the Eighth Annual RITS Super Science Fair, Nov. 1-6, 2010 in Kyoto, Japan
1) The Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences (IJAS) State Project Exposition is May 7, 2011 in
Champaign, Illinois
2) The Intel International Science and Engineering Fair is May 8-13, 2011 in Los Angeles,
California
3) The 49th National Junior Science and Humanities Symposium is April 27 – May 1, 2011 in San
Diego, California
8
9
ILLINOIS MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE ACADEMY
The World's Leading Teaching and Learning Laboratory for Imagination and Inquiry
IMSAloquium:
Student Investigation Showcase
April 21, 2011
Schedule of Sessions
7:45 – 8:35 a.m. Poster Session
8:45 - 9:00 a.m. IMSAloquium Session 1
9:10 - 9:25 a.m. IMSAloquium Session 2
9:35 - 9:50 a.m. IMSAloquium Session 3
10:00 - 10:15 a.m. IMSAloquium Session 4
10:25 - 10:40 a.m. IMSAloquium Session 5
10:50 - 11:05 a.m. IMSAloquium Session 6
11:15 - 11:30 a.m. IMSAloquium Session 7
11:30 - 12:30 p.m. Lunch
12:30 - 12:45 p.m. IMSAloquium Session 8
12:55 - 1:10 p.m. IMSAloquium Session 9
1:20 - 1:35 p.m. IMSAloquium Session 10
1:45 - 2:00 p.m. IMSAloquium Session 11
2:10 - 2:25 p.m. IMSAloquium Session 12
10
IMSAloquium Poster Session
Biochemistry Title Start
Time
Room
A01 Vidya Anjur The Effect of Heat Shock Protein 27 on Actin Cytoskeleton Remodulation 10:50 B-148
A02 Yan-Yang Feng The Effects of Detergent Concentration on KRAS-4B Aggregation after
Farnesylation
12:55 A-155
A03 Krishna Kudaravalli Cytoprotective Effects of Nitric Oxide 1:20 B-110
A04 Justin Lee Development of New Environment-Sensitive Fluorescent Probes 9:10 D-110
Sung Hwan Suh
A05 Madhav Mohandas Molecular Cloning of HA-Ubiquitin into pGEX-4T-1 Vector 8:45 A-133
A06 Sarah Salameh
Urmi Sheth
Effect of Syndecan-1 and Syndecan-2 on Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Cell-
Cell Fusion
2:10 B-148
A07 Samir Shah Observing the Genetic Response of H358 and 1703 Adenocarcinoma Cell
Lines to BMP-7 with qRT-PCR
9:35 D-103
A08 Stanley Yuan
Vivian Zhang
Optimization of Sensing Efficacy for Protein Detection 10:25 KidsInst
E-115
Bioengineering Title Start
Time
Room
B01 Lisa Akintilo
Megan Wu
Determining Heat Load of Infrared Laser Radiation through Direct and
Side-Firing Optical Fibers
9:35 A-131
B02 Ramya Babu Exploring the Effects of Adhesion and Programmed Cell Death on Tissue
Morphogenesis
9:35 A-133
B03 Yiyun Cao Design of Genetic Sequences Encoding a Matrix Metalloproteinase-2-
Degradable Synthetic Recombinant Protein
12:30 A-147
B04 Sharon Duval An Ideal Inbred Line of Maize Useful for Producing Transgenic Maize via
Micro Projectile-Mediated Gene Transfer Using Meristemic Tissue
10:50 A-155
B05 Eric Huang Genetic Testing Ontology Construction 2:10 A-135
B06 Nilesh Kavthekar Polystyrene Coating of Microfluidic Devices to Reduce Absorption 10:00 A-113
B07 Samuel Kwak Development and Evaluation of a Prosthetic Ankle that Mechanically
Adapts to Sloped Surfaces
2:10 A-147
B08 Madhav Mohandas Effect of Mechanical Forces and Cleavage Plane Orientation on Epithelial
Geometry and Topology
9:10 A-133
B09 Navdeep Singh Electric Potentials Along Proteins and Their Effects on Ion Movement 8:45 A-121
B10 Sydney Valero Surface Behaviors of HT-29 Colon Cancer Cells on P-/E-Selectin and
Anti-EpCAM
9:35 A-151
B11 Candice Yi Virtual Representation of the Human Central Nervous System 12:55 A-113
Biology Title Start
Time
Room
C01 Wendy Bindeman The Expression of Ecotropic Virus Integration Site-1 in Seven Cancer Cell
Lines
10:25 B-108
C02 Kamila Bond The Function of Sox5 in the Neural Crest 10:00 A-133
C03 Sonya Dave
Carol Gu
Comparing E-cadherin Expression in Cancer Cells with Different Degrees
of Invasiveness Using Immunofluorescence
9:10 B-110
C04 Xin (Danny) Ding The Effects of Hypoxia on Human Dermal Fibroblasts 10:00 B-110
11
Biology Title Start
Time
Room
C05 Sruthi Doniparthi The Effect of 2-Cyano-3,12-Dioxooleana-1,9(11)-Dien-28-Oic Acid
(CDDO) on Transforming Growth Factor-ß Induced Epithelial-
Mesenchymal Transition in A549 Lung Epithelial Cells
11:15 B-133
C06 Xiangyun (Johnny)
Duan
Effects of Modified Murine Runx2 Expression on Embryonic
Osteogenesis
10:25 A-155
C07 Christine Engbretson The Mediation of Tumor Necrosis Factor by the Tight Junction Protein
Occludin
11:15 A-155
C08 Lucija Filipac Expression of Recombinant Malarial Parasite Plasmodium falciparum
Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase in a Yeast-Based Screening System and
Photometric Assays
10:50 A-119
C09 Hana Fouladi The Effect of microRNA-200 on Prostate Cancer 1:20 A-155
James Rea
C10 Nicholas Fung The Effect of a High Fat Diet on Leukotriene B4 Levels in Pancreatic
Lesions in Genetically Altered Mice
11:15 B-116
C11 Mukesh Gande
Kyle Glasper
The Scientific Basis of Disease in Media: Werewolves, Vampires, and
Zombies
11:15 B-148
C12 Andrew Go Characterization of Genetic Pathways Leading to Therapy-Related Acute
Myeloid Leukemia with Abnormalities of Chromosome Five
1:45 A-155
C13 Webster Guan Pro-Inflammatory Regulatory T-cell Expression of a Foxp3 Splice Variant 1:20 B-108
C14 Eaton Guo DNA Sequencing Protocol 10:50 B-110
C15 Dorcas Huang The Effects of Sanitizers on the Survival of Stressed Salmonella
enteritidis on Shelled Eggs
1:45 D-103
C16 Brielle James A Comparison of Activity Budgets and Exhibit Usage of Western
Lowland Gorillas
12:55 KidsInst
E-115
C17 Lakshmi Katta
Rhyston Mays
Cell Starvation in Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells and the Initiation of
Apoptosis in Eukaryotes
10:50 B-108
C18 Yoo (Jenny) Kim
Jongmin Lee
Differential Effects of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors on the Acetylation
of Tubulin on Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Cultures
9:35 B-116
C19 Hannah Koo The Role of Dendritic Cells in the Development of Pro-Inflammatory TRegulatory
Cells in Colorectal Cancer
1:45 B-108
C20 Jacob Lahr
Amanda Sul
MMS21 Reduction in HCT116 Cancer Cells Results in Hypersensitivity
to Camptothecin
2:10 A-117
Connie Wang
C21 Nolan Maloney The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Regulation of MYCN in
Neuroblastoma
1:20 A-115
C22 Janani Mandayam
Comar
Auditory, Olfactory, and Pheromone Sensing in TRPML3 Deficient Mice 11:15 A-151
Sai Parepally
C23 Lydia Matthews Estrogen as an Initiator of Breast Cancer 9:35 A-117
C24 Thitipong
Mongkolrattanothai
The Effect of Ranolazine on T-Tubule Organization, Heart Disease, and
Excitation-Contraction Reactions
10:00 B-133
Mahendra Reddy
C25 Christine Mourafetis The Effect of Fructo-Oligosaccharide on the Growth of Bacillus
coagulans Under Conditions Similar to Those Found in the Digestive
Tract
9:35 B-110
C26 Cassie Parks Vimentin is Required for Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Metastasis 8:45 A-151
C27 Irina Pushel Role of Phosphoinositide 3'-Kinase C2β in Intersectin-Mediated Signaling
in Neuroblastoma
10:00 B-148
C28 Mahi Singh Examining the Functionality of DNA Methyltransferase Protein DNMT3B
in Myc-Driven Cancers in Mice
10:50 A-151
C29 Alexandra Smick Stretch-Induced Gene Regulation 9:10 A-151
12
Biology Title Start
Time
Room
C30 Andrew Ta Effect of the Expression of Histamine Receptors on Mast Cells 1:20 A-121
C31 Aaditya Tolappa Investigating Inducible Resistance Observed in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Strains from Cystic Fibrosis Patients
1:45 A-133
C32 Risun Udawatta The Importance of Accelerated Cell Death 2 in the Mitochondria and
Chloroplasts of Arabidopsis
9:35 D-110
C33 Sumana Vardhan Role of TLR4 in Profibrotic TGF-ß Signal Transduction in Fibrosis 10:50 B-133
C34 Sonam Vyas Identifying the Isoforms of Adenylyl Cyclase in Alveolar Epithelial Cells
of Rattus norvegicus and Homo sapiens by Polymerase Chain Reaction
10:00 A-151
C35 Kelly Wallin Variations in Characteristics of Ginkgo biloba Leaf Litter and
Implications
2:10 A-121
C36 Xun Ming (Jenny)
Wang
The Effect of Smallpox Vaccine-Elicited CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg Cells
Expansion and Massive Accumulation in Infected Tissues and Treg Cell's
Role in Immune Homeostasis Against Tissues Destruction
10:50 D-110
C37 Jordan Williams The Effect of Silver Ion on Sewage Treatment Bacteria 8:45 B-110
C38 Diana Xu The Effects of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate on the Apoptosis of HT-29
Colorectal Cancer Cells
11:15 B-108
C39 Karthik Yarlagadda Comparative Morphology of Lepidotrichia in Pectoral Fins Among Basal
Actinopterygians
9:35 KidsInst
E-115
C40 Candice Yi Identifying Differences Between Normal and Cancerous Stem Cells 1:20 A-113
Business Title Start
Time
Room
D01 Naomi Liu
Si Si
The Correlation Between Start-Up Fund, Product Type, and Monetary
Success in Small Businesses
1:45 A-119
D02 Jay Patel How Power and Status Influence Reactions to Breaches of Trust 1:45 A-115
Vivek Thakkar
Nathan Yan
D03 Glen Richardson The Profitability of Private Equity 8:45 LectHall
B-206
Chemistry Title Start
Time
Room
E01 Matthew Kleinjan The Healthiest Drink: Determining Antioxidant Content of Beverages 1:20 KidsInst
E-115
E02 Mingyang (Jennifer)
Li
Density Functional Theory Study of the Influence of VOx Promotion on
the Mechanism of Alcohol Synthesis on Rhodium Catalysts
1:20 B-116
E03 Pan Luo Effects of Molecular and Macroscopic Surface Modification on Wetting 10:50 A-133
E04 Elizabeth Ott A Greener Catalyst for Biodiesel Synthesis 11:15 D-110
Computer Science Title Start
Time
Room
F01 Jason Chien Heuristic Analysis in Python Programming: Creating a Chess Engine 9:10 A-121
Konrad Wrobel
F02 Samuel Haile The Digital Detriment: Aspects of Computer Illiteracy 10:25 A-121
F03 Shantanu Jain Inquiry into the Applications of Computing, Web Access, and Mobile
Device Integration in the Automotive Environment
10:50 D-103
13
F04
Computer Science
Nilesh Kavthekar
Ted Li
Title
A Statistical Model for Analyzing Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride-Stained
Myocardial Infarcts
Start
Time
10:25
Room
A-113
Joseph Wang
F05 Derrick Miller Fooling the Hacker: A Study of Honeypots 11:15 D-103
F06 Angus Nelson A Look into How to Make the World More Efficient Through Databases 9:35 A-121
F07 Gregary Pergrossi
Zachary Pergrossi
Three-Dimensional Landscape Generation and Erosion Simulation with
Java
10:00 A-121
F08 Kevin Wang Designing Game Design 9:10 LectHall
B-206
Economics Title Start
Time
Room
G01 Paul Cladek Cost-Benefit Analysis and Evaluation of Leadership in Energy and
Environmental Design Certification
12:30 A-151
G02 Caitlyn Collett
Samuel Weitekamp
The Gulf Oil Spill and Its Effects on the Global Economy 9:35 LectHall
B-206
G03 Inga Gurevich Effects of the 9/11 Attacks on the Insurance Industry 8:45 A-155
G04 Joseph Hecker Growth of the Chinese Futures Markets 1:45 LectHall
B-206
G05 Zeno Jeong The Role of the Federal Reserve Bank During the 2007 Recession 9:10 D-107
G06 Harley Wang High-Tech Industries and the Quality of Life: An Investigation of Chinese
Cities
9:10 A-155
Education Title Start
Time
Room
H01 Sonia Bajaj Multisensory Versus One-Modality Instruction in Bilingual Education
with a Focus on Elementary-Aged Spanish Speakers
10:25 A-135
H02 Ayse Cetinkaya Transgender Policies in High Schools 1:20 A-147
H03 Wen Li Chen The Effect of Resident Physician Education on Patient Safety 12:55 D-103
H04 Grace Choi A Study Aimed at Enhancing Students' Understanding of Newton's Three
Laws
12:30 A-117
H05 Francis Cocjin Comparing the Learning Styles of Gifted Monolingual and Bilingual
Students
10:00 A-147
H06 Katia Colin
Chibuzo Obasi
The Importance of English as a Second Language Programs and the
Factors That Affect Their Success
10:50 LectHall
B-206
H07 Eleanor Cory
Allyson Milenkovic
Applying Teaching Models to a Science Curriculum for Elementary
School Students in IMSA's Kids Institute
2:10 A-115
H08 Dominic Gentile
Matthew Gietl
The Dropout Dilemma: Investigating Student Retention at the Illinois
Mathematics and Science Academy
10:00 B-108
H09 Carlos Gomez
Christopher Macias
Why are Hispanics Underrepresented in College? 10:00 AcadPit
A-138
H10 Victoria Lo Student Inquiry and Research at IMSA Chicago 12:55 A-115
H11 Alan Shramuk The Effects of Inquiry-Based Pedagogy on Third Grade Students and
Their Ability to Learn Higher Level Physics Concepts
10:25 LectHall
B-206
14
Engineering Title Start
Time
Room
I01 Yusuf Aktan
Matthew Tsao
Comparison of Dreiding and Universal Force Fields for Metal Organic
Framework Simulation
12:55 A-133
I02 Justin Booth
Brendan Mathias
The Design Process of a Roller Coaster 1:45 KidsInst
E-115
I03 Wen Min Chen The Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Ni2TiIn 10:50 A-149
I04 Dane Christianson
Jongmin Lee
Engineering a Water Filter for Developing Countries: Optimizing Flow Rate
with Respect to Bacterial Sterilization
9:10 B-116
I05 Logan Damiani Far Horizons Near Space Balloons: Creating a Cut-Down System 2:10 A-151
Nathan Geldner
I06 Henry Deng Networks of Ultrasmall Pd/Cr Bilayer Nanowires: A New Type of High
Performance Hydrogen Sensors
2:10 A-131
I07 Saarthak Gupta Alternative Auscultation: The Audible Human Project 2:10 A-155
I08 Kenneth Harvey
Austin Kramer
The Construction of a Model Helicopter with a Unique Set of Interlocking
Blades
12:55 LectHall
B-206
I09 Peter Howes A Design for a More Efficient Vertical Axis Wind Turbine 12:55 D-110
I10 Aditya Karan Understanding the Formation of Toroidal-Spiral Particle 1:45 A-147
I11 Samir Mishra
Shobhit Roy
Optimizing the Conditions of Atomic Layer Deposition of Hafnium Oxide,
HfO2
2:10 A-119
I12 Byron Mui Thermodynamic and Physical Properties of Ni2TiGa 1:20 A-149
I13 Jonathan Munoz Roller Coasters: Pushing Human Limits 2:10 D-103
Samuel Smith
I14 Benjamin
Richardson
Designing a Mixed-Use Facility on a Four Acre Plot of Land 2:10 D-110
I15 Madison Rogers Architecting a Chicago-Based Environmentally Friendly Triplex 2:10 KidsInst
E-115
I16 Yanchen Shi
Douglas Zhu
Exploring Field Programmable Gate Array Time to Digital Converters in
High Energy Physics
10:00 D-107
I17 Hyun Jin Song Changing a Cell's Fate: New Cures for Diseases and Illnesses 9:10 AcadPit
A-138
I18 Michael White How the Ratios of Plastic Acrylic Balls in a Plastic Ball Phantom Affect the
Consistency of the Phantom
1:45 B-148
I19 Joly Wu Nanoelectrode Arrays for Energy Storage and Ultrasensitive Sensing
Application
9:10 KidsInst
E-115
I20 Baihan Yang A Football Design to Enforce a Quick Release by a Quarterback 10:00 LectHall
B-206
English Title Start
Time
Room
J01 Monica Daniels A Continuous Change of the Aspirations of IMSA Students in Writing 9:10 D-103
J02 Kathleen Gundry Writing an Educational and Engaging Script for Third through Fifth Grade
Students
8:45 A-135
J03 Perry Nelson Beginning the Process of Writing a Fantasy Novel 8:45 D-103
15
Environmental Science Title Start
Time
Room
K01 Michael Atten
Rafael Gonzalez
International Collaborative Effort for the Creation of Renewable Energy
Applications and Methodologies: Efficient Wind Power Production
10:50 AcadPit
A-138
Cai O’Connell
K02 Mitchell Bieniek
Garrett Flack
International Collaborative Effort for the Creation of Renewable Energy
Applications and Methodologies: Miscanthus Butanol Conversion
11:15 AcadPit
A-138
K03 Benjamin Kuo Exploring the Synergy of Wastewater Remediation and Bioenergy
Production Through Nannochloropsis Cultivation
8:45 A-119
K04 Neel Patel Lighting of the Future: An Investigation of Light-Emitting Diode Efficiency 1:20 D-110
Seth Zelman
K05 Nishith Reddy CdS/ZnS Quantum Dot-Photoexcited Glucose Oxidase Biosensor for Silver
Ion Detection in Contaminated Aqueous Environments
9:35 A-115
K06 Vanya Yorgova Designing a Building for the IMSA Energy Center that Runs on Only Solar
and Wind Energy
1:45 D-110
Fine Arts Title Start
Time
Room
L01 Megan Czajka
Connor Tomasko
Using Film as a Medium to Create a Documentary About Academic
Integrity at IMSA
1:20 D-103
History Title Start
Time
Room
M01 Shelby Daniel-
Wayman
Emotion in Journalism: Changes in Reporting Disasters and How They
Affect Coverage
12:55 D-107
M02 Joscelyn Garcia Latin American Women in Revolution: Mexico and Nicaragua in the
Twentieth Century
9:35 A-135
M03 Miranda Herzog Paint the Town Red: How Marxism Influences Politics Today 8:45 A-147
M04 Melissa O'Brien Ethics in Legislation: The Search for the Basis of Ethics 8:45 D-107
Kimberly Sherwin
M05 Jeannine Schulz "O Jesus, Through the Immaculate Heart of Mary" Versus "What up, J.C.?":
Protestantism from Reformation to Modern Day
10:50 A-115
M06 Sarah Weitekamp Rural Electrification in the United States and Russia: Causes and Social
Consequences
8:45 B-148
Law Title Start
Time
Room
N01 Jennifer Crawford Politics of Globalization: Crises, Economic Human Rights, and Inequality 1:20 A-117
N02 Diliana Dimitrova A Western Legal Shift to Incorporate Indigenous Intellectual Knowledge 9:10 A-147
N03 Haley Ramirez Mass Incarceration and Its Effects in Society 1:45 A-117
N04 Vamika Venkatesan Mandatory Death Penalty in Africa 1:45 A-121
Mathematics Title Start
Time
Room
O01 Shiladitya
Bhattacharyya
Investigations in Open Symmetric Pentomino Problems 10:00 A-149
James Quigley
Oscar To
O02 Marcelo Diop-
Gonzalez
Questions in Computational Group Theory 8:45 B-116
16
Mathematics Title Start
Time
Room
O03 Derek Hardin On the Coloring of Graph Products 1:45 A-135
O04 Adam Kalinich Flipping the Winner of a Poset Game 1:20 LectHall
B-206
O05 Jisoo Kim Investigating Flat Foldability of Box Pleated Origami Models 9:35 A-149
O06 Corinne Madsen An Extension of the Erdös-Ginzburg-Ziv Theorem: Non-Zero Sums in Zn 1:45 A-149
O07 Matthew Rasmussen Reading Differences Between Printed Books and E-Readers 9:35 A-155
O08 Rose Sloan Stable Expansions of the Integers 10:25 D-107
O09 Michael Teng
Kevin Zhao
The Leader Mentality: The Importance of Scoring First in a Major League
Baseball Game
10:50 A-117
Medicine Title Start
Time
Room
P01 Courtney AmegashieThe Comparison of Motility in Parent Versus High Nitric Oxide Adapted
Cells
9:10 A-115
P02 Omotayo Balogun
Kari Tyler
A Comparison of Zantac and Prevacid in the Treatment of Gastroesophageal
Reflux in Premature Infants Diagnosed with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
10:25 B-116
P03 Madeline Booton Ampicillin Resistance in Escherichia coli: Adaptation or Mutation? 12:30 B-108
P04 Seth Butcher An Investigation of Periodontal Diseases 10:50 A-147
P05 Ajay Chatrath Evaluating Computerized Tomography Scans Ordered from the Emergency
Room for Suspected Pulmonary Embolism
10:25 A-149
P06 James Chen Type 2 Diabetes Risk Factors at IMSA 10:25 B-148
P07 Nitin Chilukuri
Ajay Pius
Genetic Influences on Cellular Debris Handling in Systemic Lupus
Erythematosus
9:35 B-148
Abhinav Reddy
P08 Samantha
Donermeyer
Chest Computerized Tomography Imaging Findings in Patients With
Localized Sarcoma
1:20 D-107
P09 Annie Guo Comparison of Sun Protection Behavior and Tanning Habits in Adolescents
Based on Age, Gender, and Skin Tone
9:10 A-113
P10 Annie Guo What are the Consequences of the Loss of PAX3 Function in Melanoma? 9:35 A-113
P11 Jacob Henry All About Influenza 10:25 B-110
P12 Ingrid Hsiung
Pranusha Pinna
The Role of SRC Family Kinases in SDF-1/CXCR4-Mediated Progenitor
Cell Homing
10:50 A-113
P13 Vijay Jayaram
Thomas Reith
Calculating the Detection Efficiency of Positron Emission Tomography
Systems
1:45 B-133
P14 Alex Kim The Effect of Egr2 on the Cell Markers Lag3, 41BB, and CRTAM in the
Anergic carEGR2 flox/flox TH1 T-cell Clone
12:55 B-110
P15 Jiwon Kim The Role of Two Selective K+ Channels (Kir and Kv) Expressed in
Macrophages in the Secretion of IL-1ß when Macrophages are Induced by
Anthrax Toxin
9:10 A-149
P16 Ifreke King Factors Influencing Successful Weaning from Caffeine in Premature Infants
Born before Thirty-four Weeks of Gestation Treated for Apnea
10:50 A-135
P17 Previn Kumar Defining a Minimal Peptide Within HSP70 Required for Immune Activation 1:45 B-110
P18 Samantha Levin Determining the Conditions Under Which Bioavailability of a Drug
Increases
1:20 A-119
P19 Sarah Lisk Mutations in the Insulin Gene as a Cause of Monogenic Diabetes 12:30 LectHall
B-206
P20 Justine Ly
Katherine Shi
Endothelial Cell Intercellular Molecule Regulation of Monocyte
Chemoattractant Protein-1
8:45 A-117
P21 Daniel Matthews Neonatal Diabetes due to Mutations in the KCNJ11 Gene 11:15 LectHall
B-206
17
Medicine Title Start
Time
Room
P22 Hannah Miller GD3 Synthase Vaccines as a Treatment for Melanoma 2:10 B-110
P23 Christina Momchev Investigation Into Risk Factors of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia 9:35 B-133
P24 Gina Qin The Effect of Therapeutic Hypothermia on Mitochondrial Akt
Phosphorylation and Pim-1 Expression in Murine Hemorrhagic Shock
12:55 B-148
P25 Nishith Reddy The Effect of Transgenic A20 on Inflammation of the Intestinal Epithelium 10:00 A-115
P26 Ashley Ro
Nikita Veera
Computerized Quantification of Pleural Effusion 10:00 KidsInst
E-115
P27 Yasmeni Sandridge Do Widened Pulse Pressures in Premature Infants Signify a Patent Ductus
Arteriosus?
12:55 A-121
P28 Mehal Shah
Divya Tankasala
Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clinical
Isolates in Infants Within the First Thirty Days of Life
2:10 A-133
P29 Kevin Shi Randomized, Prospective Comparison of Performance Using Standard
Laparoscopy, Single-Incision Laparoscopy, and a Novel Bimanual
Triangulating Platform
9:35 D-107
P30 Steven Suh The Influence of Body Mass Index on the Outcome of Patients with Acute
Myelocytic Leukemia Following Chemotherapy
8:45 D-110
Neurobiology Title Start
Time
Room
Q01 Ruchi Aggarwal
Shruthi
The Effects of Cell Demographics on Amyloid-Beta Derived Diffusible
Ligand Binding and Toxicity
8:45 A-115
Subramanian
Q02 Upashruti Agrawal Apolipoprotein E Effects on Synapse Volume in vivo 1:20 A-131
Q03 Christina Cheng Isolation of Cholinesterases from Plaques and Tangles in Alzheimer’s
Disease
10:00 A-135
Q04 Ashley Chong Using Hippocampal Morphometry to Detect Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology
in Primary Progressive Aphasia Patients
11:15 A-119
Q05 Sanggyu (Raymond)
Chong
Effects of Caffeine on Motor Excitability of Skeletal Muscles in the Hand
and Arm as Measured by Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
9:10 A-131
Tonu Pius
Q06 Julianne
Crawford
The Effects of Menstrual Cycle Phase on Memory in Naturally Cycling
Women
1:20 A-151
Q07 Justin Feng Using Resting State Functional Connectivity as a Biomarker to Access the
Treatment Effects in Chronic Stroke Patients
12:30 A-131
Q08 Brinda Gupta Effect of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridnium on Dopamine Neuron Loss in LPS
Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease
11:15 A-131
Q09 Janell Herrera
Jessica
Ventenilla
The Relationship Between Effect-Site Concentration of Propofol and Burst
Suppression of the Electroencephalogram in Patients Undergoing
Cerebrovascular Procedures
1:45 D-107
Q10 Irene Jiang The Effects of Late Life Depression on Executive Function in the Clock
Drawing Test
12:55 A-119
Q11 Harsha
Jujjavarapu
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure: A Study in the Change of Body Mass
Index in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Patients
10:25 A-131
Q12 Harsha
Jujjavarapu
Effect of Neurotoxin MPP+ on Additional Nigral Dopaminergic Neuron
Loss in the MPTP Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease
10:50 A-131
Q13 Timothy Klincewicz The Role of MAN2A2 Expression in Glioma Proliferation and Invasivity 11:15 A-121
Areen Pitaktong
Q14 Alekya Kothamasu
Alexandra Roman
Progression of Performance Obtained During a Revolutionary Balance
Exercise Regimen That Challenges Post-Stroke Survivors Beyond Their
Limits of Stability
8:45 A-149
Q15 Vignessh Kumar Characterization of HuR Overexpression in a Post-Ischemic Penumbra 10:50 B-116
18
Neurobiology Title Start
Time
Room
Q16 Xiaoyu Li Dopamine Regulation of Phosphorylation of Cone-Cone Gap Junctions in
Ground Squirrel Retina
1:45 B-116
Q17 Egle Malinauskaite
Paul Yuan
Mapping Verbal Memory Through Electrocorticographic Readings of
Subdural Electrodes
2:10 A-149
Q18 Pujan Patel Degradation and TRIP8b Maintenance of HCN1 and HCN2 Channels 1:45 A-113
Q19 Pujan Patel Identification of Clathrin and Adapter Protein Interacting TRIP8b Splices 2:10 A-113
Q20 Nicole Runkle Gender Differences of Neural Correlates Supporting Empathy in
Schizophrenia
11:15 A-149
Q21 Shannon Tai Mouse Models in the Genomic Age 1:20 B-148
Kelly Yom
Physics Title Start
Time
Room
R01 Alexander
Abbinante
Searching for a High Mass Standard Model Higgs Boson in 6.3 fb-1 of Data
at the D0 Detector
10:25 A-147
Wesley Bradley
R02 Natasha Arvanitis
Laura Napierkowski
Detecting Cosmic Muons: Calibrating an Efficient Straw Chamber 8:45 AcadPit
A-138
R03 Amber Betzold Modeling the Strong Gravitational Lensing System, Clone, Using Data from
the Hubble Space Telescope
10:25 A-119
R04 Stephanie Cheng The Accuracy of Galaxy Cluster Mass Estimates Based on Weak
Gravitational Lensing Techniques
1:45 A-131
R05 Mohammed Hayat Differentiating Neutrino Events 1:20 A-135
R06 Holly Hernandez Energy Calibration of Electron Antineutrino Using Boron-12 Beta Decays 11:15 A-135
R07 Shantanu Jain Transfer Line Design from the Recycler Ring to the P150 Line for the Mu2e-
Project at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
10:25 D-103
R08 Emil Khabiboulline Modeling Quench Propagation in a System of Interconnected
Superconducting Coils
1:45 AcadPit
A-138
R09 Benjamin Kuo Optimization of Event Selection for the Higgs Boson Sensitivity at the
Collider Detector at Fermilab
9:10 A-119
R10 John Lee Tracking the Construction and Performance of the NOvA Detector 12:30 B-116
R11 Kiwook Lee Optimizing Nanometer-Scale Features 2:10 AcadPit
A-138
R12 Peter Lu Dynamics of Two-Dimensional Granular Gases 2:10 B-116
R13 Erik Luo An Automated Algorithm for Closed Orbit Correction 8:45 B-133
R14 Tuopu Ma Determining the Optimal Silicon Photomultiplier Device to Measure High
Energy Particle Collisions
9:10 B-133
R15 Eric Ordonez Measuring Time Calibrations in Waveform Digitizing for Practical Positron
Emission Tomography Applications
1:20 B-133
R16 Deokgeun Park Calibration of Dark Energy Camera Charge-Coupled Device Images in the
Dark Energy Survey Filter System Using Astronomical Standard Stars
2:10 B-133
R17 Jorge Quero Operating Voltage of the Silicon Detectors in the Collider Detector at
Fermilab
11:15 A-133
R18 Amir Safavi Investigation of Radiation Cool-Down Curves and Development of Tools for
Their Analysis
8:45 KidsInst
E-115
R19 Michelle Suh The Comparison of the Different Radiotherapy Neutron Sources in Various
Facilities for the Optimal Result in Neutron Therapy
1:45 A-151
R20 Gary Wang Using GALFIT and Lenstool to Analyze Gravitational Lenses 10:00 A-119
19
Psychology Title Start
Time
Room
S01 Uchenna Agwuncha Correlation of Print Advertisements, Self-Concept, and Body Image in
Adolescent Girls
11:15 A-113
S02 Jennifer Bailey Examining Differences in Cognitive and Executive Functioning Scores in
Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorders, ADHD, and Co-Occurring
Autism and ADHD
9:35 AcadPit
A-138
S03 Kirthi Banothu
Brendan Wesp
An In-Depth Analysis in Decision Making Based Upon the Decision Making
Index Scale
1:20 A-133
S04 Jessica Grady
Michelle Jardine
Predicting the Mind of a Serial Murderer: The Success of Criminal Profiling
in the Case of the Green River Killer
1:20 AcadPit
A-138
S05 Carly Houdek
Elaina Zintl
Awareness of Being Stared at: Investigations into the Possibility of a Sixth
Sense
10:00 A-117
S06 Ethan Jacobs The Effect of Parental Input on the Language and Reading Development of
Children During Preschool
2:10 B-108
S07 Brittany Kwamin Features of Effective Support Programs for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis 11:15 A-117
Whitney Kwamin
S08 Paloma Ocola d-Amphetamine: Effects on Mood and Speech 2:10 D-107
S09 Patricia Walchessen How Stress Affects Sleep in Elderly People with Cardiovascular Risk
Factors
10:25 D-110
S10 Andrew Wentzel An Exploration into Artificial Intelligence, the Human Mind, and Systems 2:10 LectHall
B-206
Social Science Title Start
Time
Room
T01 Paul Angelillo Nationalism in Spain: Catalonia and the Basque Country 12:55 A-135
Ryan Jordan
Rhett Partida
Rafael Rodriguez
Samuel Simon
T02 Cevdet Dogan
Aditya Suresh
An Analysis of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and its Effect
on Physician Compensation and Health Insurance Companies
9:35 A-147
T03 Jonathan Henricks
Thomas Lightfoot
IMSA, Parents, Expectations: Illinois Massive Stress Academy... Stressing
Out Over Nothing
12:30 KidsInst
E-115
T04 Shawon Jackson
Satoe Sakuma
Cultivating the Gifted Minority Leader 10:25 AcadPit
A-138
T05 Rahul Maheshwari Sharing Needles: The Implementation of a Syringe Exchange Program in
Chicago
11:15 D-107
T06 Sarah Malik Assessing Math Performance of Multilingual IMSA Sophomores 10:25 A-117
Space Science Title Start
Time
Room
U01 David Dailey The Dinosaurs' Demise: An Investigation into the K-T Impact 8:45 A-131
Christopher Sartain
U02 Ian Nodurft Gravitational Interactions in Globular Clusters 12:55 B-133
Theology Title Start
Time
Room
V01 Kristopher
Fernandez
A Comparison of Islam and Christianity: Religion's Institutions 10:25 A-115
20
Poster Map
C135
C133
C142
C145 Stairs
A102
Horwitz
Conference
Room
C132
Offices
C143
C144
Research Conference Room
R04 R05
A R03
R02
P11 P12 P13 P14 P15 P16 P17 P18 P19 P20 P21 P22 P23 P24 P25 P26 P27 P28
P29 P30 Q01 Q02 Q03 Q04 Q05 Q06 Q07 Q08 Q09 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16
Hall between Administrative Offices and Student Life R01
C122A
C121A Offices
C125
C126
C127
Q21 A108
Q17 Q18 Q19 Q20
A107
Diagram not to Scale
* Medicine continued: P11-P30
* Neurobiology: Q01-Q21
* Physics: R01-R05
continued
CAC Office
D
Old Cafeteria/Commons
Diagram not to Scale
* History continued: M04-M06
* Law: N01-N04
* Mathematics: O01-O09
* Medicine: P01-P10
continued
Poster Map
Cafeteria
A01 A07 B05 B11 C06 C12
A02 A08 B06 C01 C07 C13
A03 B01 B07 C02 C08 C14
A04 B02 B08 C03 C09 C15
A05 B03 B09 C04 C10 C16
A06 B04 B10 C05 C11 C17
C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 C24 C25 C26 C27 C28 C29 C30 C31
C32 C33 C34 C35 C36 C37 C38 C39 C40 D01 D02 D03 E01 E02
E03 E04 F01 F02 F03 F04 F05 F06 F07 F08 G01 G02 G03 G04 G05 G06 H01 H02
H03 H04 H05 H06 H07 H08 H09 H10 H11 I01 I02 I03 I04 I05 I06 I07 I08 I09
I14 I15 I16 I17 I18 I19 I20 J01 J02 J03 K01 K02 K03 K04 K05 K06
Old Cafeteria/Commons
I10
I11
I12
I13
L01 M01
M02
Diagram Not to Scale M03
* Biochemistry: A01-A08 * Economics: G01-G06 * History: M01-M03
* Bioengineering: B01-B11 * Education: H01-H11 continued
* Biology: C01-C40 * Engineering: I01-I20
* Business: D01-D03 * English: J01-J03
* Chemistry: E01-E04 * Environmental Science: K01-K06
* Computer Science: F01-F08 * Fine Arts: L01
Poster Map
Math Study Area
A15
1
C166
A145
Copy Room
A147
Classrooms A149
Math Study Area
T03 S07 S01 R15
T02 S06 R20 R14
A148
Classrooms A150 U01 T01 S05 R19 R13
T06 S10 S04 R18 R12
Room
V01 T05 S09 S03 R17 R11 A137B
U02 T04 S08 S02 R16 R10
A138 A137
A144 A144B
Conference
A143
Classrooms A141
Room
Leon Ledeman
Office
Academic Pit
A138 Mail
Room
Stairs to the
President’s Office
C141
Offices
R06 R07 R08 R09
C144
STAIRS
A102
Horwitz Conference Room
A140 A150A G E C
A103 A105 F D B
Diagram not to Scale
* Physics continued: R06-R20
* Psychology: S01-S10
* Social Science: T01-T06
* Space Science: U01-U02
* Theology: V01
25
IMSAloquium Schedule
8:45AM – 9:00AM
Room Poster ID
A-115 Q01 The Effects of Cell Demographics on Amyloid-Beta Derived Diffusible Ligand
Binding and Toxicity
Ruchi Aggarwal, Shruthi Subramanian, Gina Boylan, William Klein
A-117 P20 Endothelial Cell Intercellular Molecule Regulation of Monocyte Chemoattractant
Protein-1
Justine Ly, Katherine Shi, Guoquan Liu
A-119 K03 Exploring the Synergy of Wastewater Remediation and Bioenergy Production
Through Nannochloropsis Cultivation
Benjamin Kuo, Timothy Strathmann, Derek Vardon
A-121 B09 Electric Potentials Along Proteins and Their Effects on Ion Movement
Navdeep Singh, Namrata Pandya, Phadmakar Patankar
A-131 U01 The Dinosaurs' Demise: An Investigation into the K-T Impact
David Dailey, Christopher Sartain, Mark Hammergren
A-133 A05 Molecular Cloning of HA-Ubiquitin into pGEX-4T-1 Vector
Madhav Mohandas, Richard Morimoto
A-135 J02 Writing an Educational and Engaging Script for Third through Fifth Grade
Students
Kathleen Gundry, Manuel Perez
A-147 M03 Paint the Town Red: How Marxism Influences Politics Today
Miranda Herzog, Christian Nokkentved
A-149 Q14 Progression of Performance Obtained During a Revolutionary Balance Exercise
Regimen That Challenges Post-Stroke Survivors Beyond Their Limits of Stability
Alekya Kothamasu, Alexandra Roman, David Brown, Nicole Korda
A-151 C26 Vimentin is Required for Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Metastasis
Cassie Parks, Martha Kidd, Karen Ridge
A-155 G03 Effects of the 9/11 Attacks on the Insurance Industry
Inga Gurevich, Krzysztof Ostaszeski, Richard Stalmack
AcadPit
A-138
R02 Detecting Cosmic Muons: Calibrating an Efficient Straw Chamber
Natasha Arvanitis, Laura Napierkowski, Brendan Casey, Mandy Rominski, Geoffrey
Savage
B-110 C37 The Effect of Silver Ion on Sewage Treatment Bacteria
Jordan Williams, Mark Carlson, Megan Schrementi
B-116 O02 Questions in Computational Group Theory
Marcelo Diop-Gonzalez, Micah Fogel
B-133 R13 An Automated Algorithm for Closed Orbit Correction
Erik Luo, Charles Thangaraj
B-148 M06 Rural Electrification in the United States and Russia: Causes and Social
Consequences
Sarah Weitekamp, Claiborne Skinner
D-103 J03 Beginning the Process of Writing a Fantasy Novel
Perry Nelson, Tracy Townsend
D-107 M04 Ethics in Legislation: The Search for the Basis of Ethics
Melissa O'Brien, Kimberly Sherwin, Lee Eysturlid
26
8:45AM – 9:00AM (continued)
D-110 P30 The Influence of Body Mass Index on the Outcome of Patients with Acute
Myelocytic Leukemia Following Chemotherapy
Steven Suh, Parameswaran Venugopal
KidsInst
E-115
R18 Investigation of Radiation Cool-Down Curves and Development of Tools for Their
Analysis
Amir Safavi, Bruce Brown
LectHall
B-206
D03 The Profitability of Private Equity
Glen Richardson, Darrell Williams
9:10 AM - 9:25 AM
Room Poster ID
A-113 P09 Comparison of Sun Protection Behavior and Tanning Habits in Adolescents Based
on Age, Gender, and Skin Tone
Annie Guo, June Robinson
A-115 P01 The Comparison of Motility in Parent Versus High Nitric Oxide Adapted Cells
Courtney Amegashie, Eftychia Gouvas, James Radosevich
A-119 R09 Optimization of Event Selection for the Higgs Boson Sensitivity at the Collider
Detector at Fermilab
Benjamin Kuo, Eric James, Sergo Jindariani
A-121 F01 Heuristic Analysis in Python Programming: Creating a Chess Engine
Jason Chien, Konrad Wrobel, Mark Hoemmen, Namrata Pandya, Phadmakar Patankar
A-131 Q05 Effects of Caffeine on Motor Excitability of Skeletal Muscles in the Hand and Arm
as Measured by Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Sanggyu (Raymond) Chong, Tonu Pius, Todd Parrish, Xue Wang
A-133 B08 Effect of Mechanical Forces and Cleavage Plane Orientation on Epithelial
Geometry and Topology
Madhav Mohandas, Jie Liang
A-147 N02 A Western Legal Shift to Incorporate Indigenous Intellectual Knowledge
Diliana Dimitrova, William Mock, Christian Nokkentved
A-149 P15 The Role of Two Selective K+ Channels (Kir and Kv) Expressed in Macrophages in
the Secretion of IL-1ß when Macrophages are Induced by Anthrax Toxin
Jiwon Kim, Irena Levitan, Johnson Thomas
A-151 C29 Stretch-Induced Gene Regulation
Alexandra Smick, Karen Ridge, Micah Rogel
A-155 G06 High-Tech Industries and the Quality of Life: An Investigation of Chinese Cities
Harley Wang, Richard Stalmack
AcadPit
A-138
I17 Changing a Cell's Fate: New Cures for Diseases and Illnesses
Hyun Jin Song, Vitali Metlushko
B-110 C03 Comparing E-cadherin Expression in Cancer Cells with Different Degrees of
Invasiveness Using Immunofluorescence
Sonya Dave, Carol Gu, Megan Schrementi
B-116 I04 Engineering a Water Filter for Developing Countries: Optimizing Flow Rate with
Respect to Bacterial Sterilization
Dane Christianson, Jongmin Lee, Mark Carlson
B-133 R14 Determining the Optimal Silicon Photomultiplier Device to Measure High Energy
Particle Collisions
Tuopu Ma, Jacob Anderson, Juliana Whitmore
D-103 J01 A Continuous Change of the Aspirations of IMSA Students in Writing
Monica Daniels, Tracy Townsend
27
9:10 AM - 9:25 AM (continued)
D-107 G05 The Role of the Federal Reserve Bank During the 2007 Recession
Zeno Jeong, Lee Eysturlid, Charles Steele
D-110 A04 Development of New Environment-Sensitive Fluorescent Probes
Justin Lee, Sung Hwan Suh, Daesung Lee, Aditi Patil
KidsInst
E-115
I19 Nanoelectrode Arrays for Energy Storage and Ultrasensitive Sensing Application
Joly Wu, Ralu Divan
LectHall
B-206
F08 Designing Game Design
Kevin Wang, Jason Leigh
9:35 AM - 9:50 AM
Room Poster ID
A-113 P10 What are the Consequences of the Loss of PAX3 Function in Melanoma?
Annie Guo, Deborah Lang, Erica Littlejohn
A-115 K05 CdS/ZnS Quantum Dot-Photoexcited Glucose Oxidase Biosensor for Silver Ion
Detection in Contaminated Aqueous Environments
Nishith Reddy, Karl Rockne
A-117 C23 Estrogen as an Initiator of Breast Cancer
Lydia Matthews, Robert Chatterton, Seema Khan
A-121 F06 A Look into How to Make the World More Efficient Through Databases
Angus Nelson, Namrata Pandya, Phadmakar Patankar
A-131 B01 Determining Heat Load of Infrared Laser Radiation through Direct and Side-
Firing Optical Fibers
Lisa Akintilo, Megan Wu, Agnella Matic, Suhrud Rajguru, Claus-Peter Richter
A-133 B02 Exploring the Effects of Adhesion and Programmed Cell Death on Tissue
Morphogenesis
Ramya Babu, Jie Liang, Hammad Naveed
A-135 M02 Latin American Women in Revolution: Mexico and Nicaragua in the Twentieth
Century
Joscelyn Garcia, Kathryn Kadel, Eric Smith
A-147 T02 An Analysis of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and its Effect on
Physician Compensation and Health Insurance Companies
Cevdet Dogan, Aditya Suresh, Christian Nokkentved
A-149 O05 Investigating Flat Foldability of Box Pleated Origami Models
Jisoo Kim, Vincent Matsko
A-151 B10 Surface Behaviors of HT-29 Colon Cancer Cells on P-/E-Selectin and Anti-
EpCAM
Sydney Valero, Seungpyo Hong, Ja Myung
A-155 O07 Reading Differences Between Printed Books and E-Readers
Matthew Rasmussen, Richard Stalmack
AcadPit
A-138
S02 Examining Differences in Cognitive and Executive Functioning Scores in Patients
with Autism Spectrum Disorders, ADHD, and Co-Occurring Autism and ADHD
Jennifer Bailey, Scott Hunter
B-110 C25 The Effect of Fructo-Oligosaccharide on the Growth of Bacillus coagulans Under
Conditions Similar to Those Found in the Digestive Tract
Christine Mourafetis, Megan Schrementi
B-116 C18 Differential Effects of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors on the Acetylation of Tubulin
on Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Cultures
Yoo (Jenny) Kim, Jongmin Lee, Susan McCormick
28
9:35 AM - 9:50 AM (continued)
B-133 P23 Investigation Into Risk Factors of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
Christina Momchev, Cynthia Fisch, Rada Ivanov
B-148 P07 Genetic Influences on Cellular Debris Handling in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Nitin Chilukuri, Ajay Pius, Abhinav Reddy, Timothy Niewold
D-103 A07 Observing the Genetic Response of H358 and 1703 Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines to
BMP-7 with qRT-PCR
Samir Shah, Jeffrey Borgia
D-107 P29 Randomized, Prospective Comparison of Performance Using Standard
Laparoscopy, Single-Incision Laparoscopy, and a Novel Bimanual Triangulating
Platform
Kevin Shi, Eric Hungness, B. Fernando Santos
D-110 C32 The Importance of Accelerated Cell Death 2 in the Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
of Arabidopsis
Risun Udawatta, Gopal Pattanayak
KidsInst
E-115
C39 Comparative Morphology of Lepidotrichia in Pectoral Fins Among Basal
Actinopterygians
Karthik Yarlagadda, Neil Shubin, Natalia Taft
LectHall
B-206
G02 The Gulf Oil Spill and Its Effects on the Global Economy
Caitlyn Collett, Samuel Weitekamp, Robert Kiely
10:00 AM - 10:15 AM
Room Poster ID
A-113 B06 Polystyrene Coating of Microfluidic Devices to Reduce Absorption
Nilesh Kavthekar, David Thomas Eddington
A-115 P25 The Effect of Transgenic A20 on Inflammation of the Intestinal Epithelium
Nishith Reddy, David Boone
A-117 S05 Awareness of Being Stared at: Investigations into the Possibility of a Sixth Sense
Carly Houdek, Elaina Zintl, David Evenson
A-119 R20 Using GALFIT and Lenstool to Analyze Gravitational Lenses
Gary Wang, Sahar Allam, Huan Lin
A-121 F07 Three-Dimensional Landscape Generation and Erosion Simulation with Java
Gregary Pergrossi, Zachary Pergrossi, Namrata Pandya, Phadmakar Patankar
A-133 C02 The Function of Sox5 in the Neural Crest
Kamila Bond, Carole LaBonne, Kara Nordin
A-135 Q03 Isolation of Cholinesterases from Plaques and Tangles in Alzheimer’s Disease
Christina Cheng, Katherine Gasho, Changiz Geula
A-147 H05 Comparing the Learning Styles of Gifted Monolingual and Bilingual Students
Francis Cocjin, Christian Nokkentved, Purva Rushi
A-149 O01 Investigations in Open Symmetric Pentomino Problems
Shiladitya Bhattacharyya, James Quigley, Oscar To, Vincent Matsko
A-151 C34 Identifying the Isoforms of Adenylyl Cyclase in Alveolar Epithelial Cells of Rattus
norvegicus and Homo sapiens by Polymerase Chain Reaction
Sonam Vyas, Emilia Lecuona, Humberto Trejo, Christine Vohwinkel
AcadPit
A-138
H09 Why are Hispanics Underrepresented in College?
Carlos Gomez, Christopher Macias, Jose Palos
B-108 H08 The Dropout Dilemma: Investigating Student Retention at the Illinois
Mathematics and Science Academy
Dominic Gentile, Matthew Gietl, Donald Dosch, Barbara Miller
29
10:00 AM - 10:15 AM (continued)
B-110 C04 The Effects of Hypoxia on Human Dermal Fibroblasts
Xin (Danny) Ding, Megan Schrementi
B-133 C24 The Effect of Ranolazine on T-Tubule Organization, Heart Disease, and
Excitation-Contraction Reactions
Thitipong Mongkolrattanothai, Mahendra Reddy, James Kelly, Amanda Nahhas,
Matthew O'Toole, Andrew Wasserstrom
B-148 C27 Role of Phosphoinositide 3'-Kinase C2β in Intersectin-Mediated Signaling in
Neuroblastoma
Irina Pushel, John O'Bryan
D-107 I16 Exploring Field Programmable Gate Array Time to Digital Converters in High
Energy Physics
Yanchen Shi, Douglas Zhu, Jin Wu
KidsInst
E-115
P26 Computerized Quantification of Pleural Effusion
Ashley Ro, Nikita Veera, Samuel Armato
LectHall
B-206
I20 A Football Design to Enforce a Quick Release by a Quarterback
Baihan Yang, Matthew Spenko
10:25 AM - 10:40 AM
Room Poster ID
A-113 F04 A Statistical Model for Analyzing Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride-Stained
Myocardial Infarcts
Nilesh Kavthekar, Ted Li, Joseph Wang, Shu Q. Liu
A-115 V01 A Comparison of Islam and Christianity: Religion's Institutions
Kristopher Fernandez, Robert Kiely
A-117 T06 Assessing Math Performance of Multilingual IMSA Sophomores
Sarah Malik, David Evenson, Christopher Kolar
A-119 R03 Modeling the Strong Gravitational Lensing System, Clone, Using Data from the
Hubble Space Telescope
Amber Betzold, Huan Lin
A-121 F02 The Digital Detriment: Aspects of Computer Illiteracy
Samuel Haile, Namrata Pandya
A-131 Q11 Continuous Positive Airway Pressure: A Study in the Change of Body Mass Index
in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Patients
Harsha Jujjavarapu, Sarah Zallek
A-135 H01 Multisensory Versus One-Modality Instruction in Bilingual Education with a
Focus on Elementary-Aged Spanish Speakers
Sonia Bajaj, Cherie Esposito, Jose Palos, Manuel Perez, Aracelys Rios
A-147 R01 Searching for a High Mass Standard Model Higgs Boson in 6.3 fb-1 of Data at the
D0 Detector
Alexander Abbinante, Wesley Bradley, Ryuji Yamada
A-149 P05 Evaluating Computerized Tomography Scans Ordered from the Emergency Room
for Suspected Pulmonary Embolism
Ajay Chatrath, Arun Jagannathan
A-155 C06 Effects of Modified Murine Runx2 Expression on Embryonic Osteogenesis
Xiangyun (Johnny) Duan, Ming Ding, Qiping Zheng
B-108 C01 The Expression of Ecotropic Virus Integration Site-1 in Seven Cancer Cell Lines
Wendy Bindeman, Donald Dosch
30
10:25 AM - 10:40 AM (continued)
B-110 P11 All About Influenza
Jacob Henry, Megan Schrementi
B-116 P02 A Comparison of Zantac and Prevacid in the Treatment of Gastroesophageal
Reflux in Premature Infants Diagnosed with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Omotayo Balogun, Kari Tyler, Maliha Shareef
B-148 P06 Type 2 Diabetes Risk Factors at IMSA
James Chen, Sowmya Anjur, Rebecca Lipton
D-103 R07 Transfer Line Design from the Recycler Ring to the P150 Line for the Mu2e-
Project at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Shantanu Jain, Meiqin Xiao
D-107 O08 Stable Expansions of the Integers
Rose Sloan, David Marker
D-110 S09 How Stress Affects Sleep in Elderly People with Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Patricia Walchessen, Kathryn Reid
KidsInst
E-115
A08 Optimization of Sensing Efficacy for Protein Detection
Stanley Yuan, Vivian Zhang, Liaohai Leo Chen
LectHall
B-206
H11 The Effects of Inquiry-Based Pedagogy on Third Grade Students and Their
Ability to Learn Higher Level Physics Concepts
Alan Shramuk, Tracy Miller
10:50 AM - 11:05 AM
Room Poster ID
A-113 P12 The Role of SRC Family Kinases in SDF-1/CXCR4-Mediated Progenitor Cell
Homing
Ingrid Hsiung, Pranusha Pinna, Gangjian Qin
A-115 M05 "O Jesus, Through the Immaculate Heart of Mary" Versus "What up, J.C.?":
Protestantism from Reformation to Modern Day
Jeannine Schulz, Robert Kiely
A-117 O09 The Leader Mentality: The Importance of Scoring First in a Major League
Baseball Game
Michael Teng, Kevin Zhao, Christopher Kolar
A-119 C08 Expression of Recombinant Malarial Parasite Plasmodium falciparum Acetyl-CoA
Carboxylase in a Yeast-Based Screening System and Photometric Assays
Lucija Filipac, Piotr Gornicki, Robert Haselkorn
A-131 Q12 Effect of Neurotoxin MPP+ on Additional Nigral Dopaminergic Neuron Loss in
the MPTP Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease
Harsha Jujjavarapu, Paul Carvey
A-133 E03 Effects of Molecular and Macroscopic Surface Modification on Wetting
Pan Luo, Gaby Avila-Bront, Steve Sibener
A-135 P16 Factors Influencing Successful Weaning from Caffeine in Premature Infants Born
before Thirty-four Weeks of Gestation Treated for Apnea
Ifreke King, Patricia Hummel, Christine Sajous
A-147 P04 An Investigation of Periodontal Diseases
Seth Butcher, Dean Lodding
A-149 I03 The Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Ni2TiIn
Wen Min Chen, Song Chen, Yoonsung Chung, Susan Meschel, Philip Nash
A-151 C28 Examining the Functionality of DNA Methyltransferase Protein DNMT3B in Myc-
Driven Cancers in Mice
Mahi Singh, Lucy Godley, Janet Lepore, Aparna Vasanthakumar
31
10:50 AM - 11:05 AM (continued)
A-155 B04 An Ideal Inbred Line of Maize Useful for Producing Transgenic Maize via Micro
Projectile-Mediated Gene Transfer Using Meristemic Tissue
Sharon Duval, Eric Johnson
AcadPit
A-138
K01 International Collaborative Effort for the Creation of Renewable Energy
Applications and Methodologies: Efficient Wind Power Production
Michael Atten, Rafael Gonzalez, Cai O'Connell, Glenn "Max" McGee, Aracelys Rios
B-108 C17 Cell Starvation in Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells and the Initiation of
Apoptosis in Eukaryotes
Lakshmi Katta, Rhyston Mays, Donald Dosch
B-110 C14 DNA Sequencing Protocol
Eaton Guo, Jamie Tweedle
B-116 Q15 Characterization of HuR Overexpression in a Post-Ischemic Penumbra
Vignessh Kumar, Agnieszka Ardelt, Randall Carpenter
B-133 C33 Role of TLR4 in Profibrotic TGF-ß Signal Transduction in Fibrosis
Sumana Vardhan, Swati Bhattacharyya, John Varga
B-148 A01 The Effect of Heat Shock Protein 27 on Actin Cytoskeleton Remodulation
Vidya Anjur, Jody Martin, Margaret McShane
D-103 F03 Inquiry into the Applications of Computing, Web Access, and Mobile Device
Integration in the Automotive Environment
Shantanu Jain, James Gerry
D-110 C36 The Effect of Smallpox Vaccine-Elicited CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg Cells Expansion
and Massive Accumulation in Infected Tissues and Treg Cell's Role in Immune
Homeostasis Against Tissues Destruction
Xun Ming (Jenny) Wang, Wei Chen
LectHall
B-206
H06 The Importance of English as a Second Language Programs and the Factors That
Affect Their Success
Katia Colin, Chibuzo Obasi, Paula Altekruse, Rosemary Gabriel
11:15 AM - 11:30 AM
Room Poster ID
A-113 S01 Correlation of Print Advertisements, Self-Concept, and Body Image in Adolescent
Girls
Uchenna Agwuncha, Deborah McGrath
A-117 S07 Features of Effective Support Programs for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis
Brittany Kwamin, Whitney Kwamin, Christopher Kolar
A-119 Q04 Using Hippocampal Morphometry to Detect Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology in
Primary Progressive Aphasia Patients
Ashley Chong, Emily Rogalski, Lei Wang
A-121 Q13 The Role of MAN2A2 Expression in Glioma Proliferation and Invasivity
Timothy Klincewicz, Areen Pitaktong, Roger Kroes
A-131 Q08 Effect of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridnium on Dopamine Neuron Loss in LPS Mouse
Model of Parkinson's Disease
Brinda Gupta, Paul Carvey, Bill Hendey
A-133 R17 Operating Voltage of the Silicon Detectors in the Collider Detector at Fermilab
Jorge Quero, John Freeman, Michelle Stancari
A-135 R06 Energy Calibration of Electron Antineutrino Using Boron-12 Beta Decays
Holly Hernandez, Michelangelo D'Agostino, Maury Goodman
A-149 Q20 Gender Differences of Neural Correlates Supporting Empathy in Schizophrenia
Nicole Runkle, Matthew Smith
32
11:15 AM - 11:30 AM (continued)
A-151 C22 Auditory, Olfactory, and Pheromone Sensing in TRPML3 Deficient Mice
Janani Mandayam Comar, Sai Parepally, Andrew Castiglioni, Jaime Garcia-Añoveros,
Natalie Remis
A-155 C07 The Mediation of Tumor Necrosis Factor by the Tight Junction Protein Occludin
Christine Engbretson, Christopher Weber
AcadPit
A-138
K02 International Collaborative Effort for the Creation of Renewable Energy
Applications and Methodologies: Miscanthus Butanol Conversion
Mitchell Bieniek, Garrett Flack, Glenn "Max" McGee, Aracelys Rios
B-108 C38 The Effects of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate on the Apoptosis of HT-29 Colorectal
Cancer Cells
Diana Xu, Donald Dosch
B-116 C10 The Effect of a High Fat Diet on Leukotriene B4 Levels in Pancreatic Lesions in
Genetically Altered Mice
Nicholas Fung, Kevin Adrian, Paul Grippo
B-133 C05 The Effect of 2-Cyano-3,12-Dioxooleana-1,9(11)-Dien-28-Oic Acid (CDDO) on
Transforming Growth Factor-ß Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in
A549 Lung Epithelial Cells
Sruthi Doniparthi, John Varga, Jun Wei
B-148 C11 The Scientific Basis of Disease in Media: Werewolves, Vampires, and Zombies
Mukesh Gande, Kyle Glasper, Sowmya Anjur
D-103 F05 Fooling the Hacker: A Study of Honeypots
Derrick Miller, James Gerry
D-107 T05 Sharing Needles: The Implementation of a Syringe Exchange Program in Chicago
Rahul Maheshwari, James Victory
D-110 E04 A Greener Catalyst for Biodiesel Synthesis
Elizabeth Ott, Justin Notestein
LectHall
B-206
P21 Neonatal Diabetes due to Mutations in the KCNJ11 Gene
Daniel Matthews, Siri Atma Greeley
12:30 PM - 12:45 PM
Room Poster ID
A-117 H04 A Study Aimed at Enhancing Students' Understanding of Newton's Three Laws
Grace Choi, Linda Brazdil
A-131 Q07 Using Resting State Functional Connectivity as a Biomarker to Access the
Treatment Effects in Chronic Stroke Patients
Justin Feng, Todd Parrish, Xue Wang
A-147 B03 Design of Genetic Sequences Encoding a Matrix Metalloproteinase-2-Degradable
Synthetic Recombinant Protein
Yiyun Cao, Jason Buhrman, Richard Gemeinhart, Mary Tang
A-151 G01 Cost-Benefit Analysis and Evaluation of Leadership in Energy and Environmental
Design Certification
Paul Cladek, Stephen Berry, Theodore Steck
B-108 P03 Ampicillin Resistance in Escherichia coli: Adaptation or Mutation?
Madeline Booton, Donald Dosch
B-116 R10 Tracking the Construction and Performance of the NOvA Detector
John Lee, Jonathan Paley
KidsInst
E-115
T03 IMSA, Parents, Expectations: Illinois Massive Stress Academy... Stressing Out
Over Nothing
Jonathan Henricks, Thomas Lightfoot, Tracy Rogers
33
12:30 PM - 12:45 PM (continued)
LectHall
B-206
P19 Mutations in the Insulin Gene as a Cause of Monogenic Diabetes
Sarah Lisk, Siri Atma Greeley
12:55 PM - 1:10 PM
Room Poster ID
A-113 B11 Virtual Representation of the Human Central Nervous System
Candice Yi, Andreas Linninger
A-115 H10 Student Inquiry and Research at IMSA Chicago
Victoria Lo, Michelle Kolar
A-119 Q10 The Effects of Late Life Depression on Executive Function in the Clock Drawing
Test
Irene Jiang, Melissa Lamar
A-121 P27 Do Widened Pulse Pressures in Premature Infants Signify a Patent Ductus
Arteriosus?
Yasmeni Sandridge, Jonathan Muraskas, Cristina Vega
A-133 I01 Comparison of Dreiding and Universal Force Fields for Metal Organic
Framework Simulation
Yusuf Aktan, Matthew Tsao, Randall Snurr, Chris Wilmer
A-135 T01 Nationalism in Spain: Catalonia and the Basque Country
Paul Angelillo, Ryan Jordan, Rhett Partida, Rafael Rodriguez, Samuel Simon, Jose
Palos, Eric Smith
A-155 A02 The Effects of Detergent Concentration on KRAS-4B Aggregation after
Farnesylation
Yan-Yang Feng, Vadim Gaponenko
B-110 P14 The Effect of Egr2 on the Cell Markers Lag3, 41BB, and CRTAM in the Anergic
carEGR2 flox/flox TH1 T-cell Clone
Alex Kim, Yan Zheng
B-133 U02 Gravitational Interactions in Globular Clusters
Ian Nodurft, Mark Subbarao
B-148 P24 The Effect of Therapeutic Hypothermia on Mitochondrial Akt Phosphorylation
and Pim-1 Expression in Murine Hemorrhagic Shock
Gina Qin, Terry Vanden Hoek
D-103 H03 The Effect of Resident Physician Education on Patient Safety
Wen Li Chen, David Mayer
D-107 M01 Emotion in Journalism: Changes in Reporting Disasters and How They Affect
Coverage
Shelby Daniel-Wayman, James Victory
D-110 I09 A Design for a More Efficient Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Peter Howes, Branson Lawrence
KidsInst
E-115
C16 A Comparison of Activity Budgets and Exhibit Usage of Western Lowland
Gorillas
Brielle James, Debra Kutska
LectHall
B-206
I08 The Construction of a Model Helicopter with a Unique Set of Interlocking Blades
Kenneth Harvey, Austin Kramer, Francisco Ruiz
34
1:20 PM – 1:35 PM
Room Poster ID
A-113 C40 Identifying Differences Between Normal and Cancerous Stem Cells
Candice Yi, Morris Kletzel, Marie Olszewski
A-115 C21 The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Regulation of MYCN in Neuroblastoma
Nolan Maloney, Naohiko Ikegaki, Xao Tang
A-117 N01 Politics of Globalization: Crises, Economic Human Rights, and Inequality
Jennifer Crawford, Steven Ramirez
A-119 P18 Determining the Conditions Under Which Bioavailability of a Drug Increases
Samantha Levin, Robert Kimura
A-121 C30 Effect of the Expression of Histamine Receptors on Mast Cells
Andrew Ta, Paul Bryce, Julie Schweinfurth
A-131 Q02 Apolipoprotein E Effects on Synapse Volume in vivo
Upashruti Agrawal, MaryJo LaDu, Kevin Laxton, Leon Tai
A-133 S03 An In-Depth Analysis in Decision Making Based Upon the Decision Making Index Scale
Kirthi Banothu, Brendan Wesp, Rebecca White
A-135 R05 Differentiating Neutrino Events
Mohammed Hayat, Maury Goodman
A-147 H02 Transgender Policies in High Schools
Ayse Cetinkaya, Daniel Gleason
A-149 I12 Thermodynamic and Physical Properties of Ni2TiGa
Byron Mui, Song Chen, Yoonsung Chung, Susan Meschel, Philip Nash
A-151 Q06 The Effects of Menstrual Cycle Phase on Memory in Naturally Cycling Women
Julianne Crawford, Pauline Maki, Antonia Savarese, Mary Winters
A-155 C09 The Effect of microRNA-200 on Prostate Cancer
Hana Fouladi, James Rea, Olga Volpert
AcadPit
A-138
S04 Predicting the Mind of a Serial Murderer: The Success of Criminal Profiling in the Case
of the Green River Killer
Jessica Grady, Michelle Jardine, James Bondi, Steven Bongardt
B-108 C13 Pro-Inflammatory Regulatory T-cell Expression of a Foxp3 Splice Variant
Webster Guan, Khashayarsha Khazaie
B-110 A03 Cytoprotective Effects of Nitric Oxide
Krishna Kudaravalli, Sumit Sahni, Douglas Thomas
B-116 E02 Density Functional Theory Study of the Influence of VOx Promotion on the Mechanism of
Alcohol Synthesis on Rhodium Catalysts
Mingyang (Jennifer) Li, Randall Meyer
B-133 R15 Measuring Time Calibrations in Waveform Digitizing for Practical Positron Emission
Tomography Applications
Eric Ordonez, Chien Kao
B-148 Q21 Mouse Models in the Genomic Age
Shannon Tai, Kelly Yom, Kay Grennan, Chun-Yu Liu
D-103 L01 Using Film as a Medium to Create a Documentary About Academic Integrity at IMSA
Megan Czajka, Connor Tomasko, Adam Kotlarczyk, Spencer Parsons
D-107 P08 Chest Computerized Tomography Imaging Findings in Patients With Localized Sarcoma
Samantha Donermeyer, James Nachman
D-110 K04 Lighting of the Future: An Investigation of Light-Emitting Diode Efficiency
Neel Patel, Seth Zelman, Branson Lawrence
35
1:20 PM – 1:35 PM (continued)
KidsInst
E-115
E01 The Healthiest Drink: Determining Antioxidant Content of Beverages
Matthew Kleinjan, Anita White
LectHall
B-206
O04 Flipping the Winner of a Poset Game
Adam Kalinich, Lance Fortnow
1:45 PM - 2:00 PM
Room Poster ID
A-113 Q18 Degradation and TRIP8b Maintenance of HCN1 and HCN2 Channels
Pujan Patel, Dane Chetkovich
A-115 D02 How Power and Status Influence Reactions to Breaches of Trust
Jay Patel, Vivek Thakkar, Nathan Yan, Keith Murnighan, Hetal Patel
A-117 N03 Mass Incarceration and Its Effects in Society
Haley Ramirez, James Carey
A-119 D01 The Correlation Between Start-Up Fund, Product Type, and Monetary Success in Small
Businesses
Naomi Liu, Si Si, David Winkin
A-121 N04 Mandatory Death Penalty in Africa
Vamika Venkatesan, Sandra Babcock, Brook Miscoski
A-131 R04 The Accuracy of Galaxy Cluster Mass Estimates Based on Weak Gravitational Lensing
Techniques
Stephanie Cheng, James Annis
A-133 C31 Investigating Inducible Resistance Observed in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains from
Cystic Fibrosis Patients
Aaditya Tolappa, Bill Kabat
A-135 O03 On the Coloring of Graph Products
Derek Hardin, Hemanshu Kaul
A-147 I10 Understanding the Formation of Toroidal-Spiral Particle
Aditya Karan, Ying Liu
A-149 O06 An Extension of the Erdös-Ginzburg-Ziv Theorem: Non-Zero Sums in Zn
Corinne Madsen, Noah Prince
A-151 R19 The Comparison of the Different Radiotherapy Neutron Sources in Various Facilities for
the Optimal Result in Neutron Therapy
Michelle Suh, Thomas Kroc
A-155 C12 Characterization of Genetic Pathways Leading to Therapy-Related Acute Myeloid
Leukemia with Abnormalities of Chromosome Five
Andrew Go, Michelle LeBeau, Angela Stoddart
AcadPit
A-138
R08 Modeling Quench Propagation in a System of Interconnected Superconducting Coils
Emil Khabiboulline, Iouri Terechkine
B-108 C19 The Role of Dendritic Cells in the Development of Pro-Inflammatory T-Regulatory Cells
in Colorectal Cancer
Hannah Koo, Khashayarsha Khazaie
B-110 P17 Defining a Minimal Peptide Within HSP70 Required for Immune Activation
Previn Kumar, Jared Klarquist, Caroline Le Poole, Jeffrey Mosenson
B-116 Q16 Dopamine Regulation of Phosphorylation of Cone-Cone Gap Junctions in Ground
Squirrel Retina
Xiaoyu Li, Steven DeVries
B-133 P13 Calculating the Detection Efficiency of Positron Emission Tomography Systems
Vijay Jayaram, Thomas Reith, Chien Kao
36
1:45 PM - 2:00 PM (continued)
B-148 I18 How the Ratios of Plastic Acrylic Balls in a Plastic Ball Phantom Affect the Consistency of
the Phantom
Michael White, Beverly Lau, Robert Nishikawa
D-103 C15 The Effects of Sanitizers on the Survival of Stressed Salmonella enteritidis on Shelled Eggs
Dorcas Huang, Jill Vogan, Wei Zhang
D-107 Q09 The Relationship Between Effect-Site Concentration of Propofol and Burst Suppression of
the Electroencephalogram in Patients Undergoing Cerebrovascular Procedures
Janell Herrera, Jessica Ventenilla, Mehmet Ozcan, Guy Weinberg
D-110 K06 Designing a Building for the IMSA Energy Center that Runs on Only Solar and Wind
Energy
Vanya Yorgova, Branson Lawrence
KidsInst
E-115
I02 The Design Process of a Roller Coaster
Justin Booth, Brendan Mathias, Brooke Schmidt
LectHall
B-206
G04 Growth of the Chinese Futures Markets
Joseph Hecker, Doug Adams
2:10 PM - 2:25 PM
Room Poster ID
A-113 Q19 Identification of Clathrin and Adapter Protein Interacting TRIP8b Splices
Pujan Patel, Dane Chetkovich, Ye Han
A-115 H07 Applying Teaching Models to a Science Curriculum for Elementary School Students in
IMSA's Kids Institute
Eleanor Cory, Allyson Milenkovic, Julie Dowling
A-117 C20 MMS21 Reduction in HCT116 Cancer Cells Results in Hypersensitivity to Camptothecin
Jacob Lahr, Amanda Sul, Connie Wang, Nathan Ellis, Alex Kwako
A-119 I11 Optimizing the Conditions of Atomic Layer Deposition of Hafnium Oxide, HfO2
Samir Mishra, Shobhit Roy, Christos Takoudis, Runshen Xu
A-121 C35 Variations in Characteristics of Ginkgo biloba Leaf Litter and Implications
Kelly Wallin, Kevin Boyce
A-131 I06 Networks of Ultrasmall Pd/Cr Bilayer Nanowires: A New Type of High Performance
Hydrogen Sensors
Henry Deng, Zhili Xiao
A-133 P28 Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates in
Infants Within the First Thirty Days of Life
Mehal Shah, Divya Tankasala, Bill Kabat
A-135 B05 Genetic Testing Ontology Construction
Eric Huang, Simon Lin
A-147 B07 Development and Evaluation of a Prosthetic Ankle that Mechanically Adapts to Sloped
Surfaces
Samuel Kwak, Stefania Fatone
A-149 Q17 Mapping Verbal Memory Through Electrocorticographic Readings of Subdural
Electrodes
Egle Malinauskaite, Paul Yuan, Vernon Leo Towle
A-151 I05 Far Horizons Near Space Balloons: Creating a Cut-Down System
Logan Damiani, Nathan Geldner, Geza Gyuk, Ken Walczak
A-155 I07 Alternative Auscultation: The Audible Human Project
Saarthak Gupta, Thomas Royston
37
2:10 PM - 2:25 PM (continued)
AcadPit
A-138
R11 Optimizing Nanometer-Scale Features
Kiwook Lee, David Czaplewski
B-108 S06 The Effect of Parental Input on the Language and Reading Development of Children
During Preschool
Ethan Jacobs, Ozlem Ece Demir
B-110 P22 GD3 Synthase Vaccines as a Treatment for Melanoma
Hannah Miller, Jared Klarquist, Caroline Le Poole
B-116 R12 Dynamics of Two-Dimensional Granular Gases
Peter Lu, Justin Burton, Sidney Nagel
B-133 R16 Calibration of Dark Energy Camera Charge-Coupled Device Images in the Dark Energy
Survey Filter System Using Astronomical Standard Stars
Deokgeun Park, Tom Diehl, Douglas Tucker
B-148 A06 Effect of Syndecan-1 and Syndecan-2 on Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Cell-Cell Fusion
Sarah Salameh, Urmi Sheth, Deepak Shukla
D-103 I13 Roller Coasters: Pushing Human Limits
Jonathan Munoz, Samuel Smith, Eric Hawker
D-107 S08 d-Amphetamine: Effects on Mood and Speech
Paloma Ocola, Harriet de Wit, Margaret Wardle
D-110 I14 Designing a Mixed-Use Facility on a Four Acre Plot of Land
Benjamin Richardson, Steven Vasilion
KidsInst
E-115
I15 Architecting a Chicago-Based Environmentally Friendly Triplex
Madison Rogers, Jesse McGrath, Clay Sewell
LectHall
B-206
S10 An Exploration into Artificial Intelligence, the Human Mind, and Systems
Andrew Wentzel, Mike Ososky
38
A01
The Effect of Heat Shock Protein 27 on Actin Cytoskeleton Remodulation
Presenter(s)
Vidya Anjur, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jody Martin, Loyola University
Margaret McShane, Loyola University
The role played by heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) in regulating apoptosis and necrosis in muscle has led
to further research on the mechanism by which expression of Hsp27 increases cell resistance to oxidative
stress. This project examines the cytoskeletal components of cells after they have undergone stress, and
the effects of Hsp27 upon them. Using an actin cytoskeleton in-vivo assay kit, ratios of G- and F-actin
were examined in smooth muscle cells that either have undergone stress or have not. These ratios will
illustrate the integrity of the actin cytoskeleton within cells. Treatments of hydrogen peroxide, an
oxidative stress inducer, and various inhibitors, which prevent the phosphorylation of Hsp27, were
administered to plates of muscle cells. Trials were conducted for different time periods to determine the
change in actin ratios over time. Gel electrophoresis, immunodetection, and NIH image quantification
software were used to analyze the actin and Hsp27 in each condition. After data were analyzed, it was
found that oxidative stress treatments had a greater amount of F actin, but in treatments that had been pretreated
with inhibitor, there was a higher amount of G actin. This work provides more information on the
structural integrity of muscle cells and the mechanisms that prevent cell damage.
A02
The Effects of Detergent Concentration on KRAS-4B Aggregation after Farnesylation
Presenter(s)
Yan-Yang Feng, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Vadim Gaponenko, University of Illinois at Chicago
The post-translational modification of the C-terminus hypervariable region of KRAS-4B is important in
the function of this GTPase as an oncogenic protein, but currently, there are no efficient modes of
preparing complete, post-translationally modified KRAS-4B for biochemical and biophysical studies. The
purpose of this experiment was to explore one mode of preparing fully-modified versions of this protein,
so it can be more easily acquired for further investigation. To mimic the post-translational modification of
KRAS-4B, we added farnesyl-cysteine residues to HVR-C2 peptide, a post-translationally modified
region hypothesized to be most responsible for KRAS-4B's oncogenic behavior. We used
spectrophotometry to evaluate the protein's aggregation behavior after the addition of the farnesylcysteine
residues, and compared the absorbance plots of samples containing different concentrations of
detergent. It was seen that more dilute concentrations of detergent caused the protein aggregation to start
later and to progress at a slower rate. Total aggregation was also diminished as detergent concentrations
were diluted. These results show that varying detergent concentrations may lead us to a more efficient
mode of preparing KRAS-4B. However, further investigation should be done to evaluate the precise
concentrations for optimizing the amount of usable protein.
39
A03
Cytoprotective Effects of Nitric Oxide
Presenter(s)
Krishna Kudaravalli, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Sumit Sahni, University of Illinois at Chicago
Douglas Thomas, University of Illinois at Chicago
Lipid peroxidation and DNA damage can lead to various pathophysiological conditions like cancer and
neurodegenerative disorders. This can occur through the formation of strong oxidizing species such as
hydroxyl radical. Free iron can be dangerous because it can increase the formation of hydroxyl radicals
through its reaction with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Previous studies have shown that the free radical
nitric oxide (NO) can react with cellular iron and thiols to form dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNIC), which
are thought to be inert. We tested this theory by treating cells with NO using the NO-donor molecule
Sper/NO followed by exposure to H2O2. We then measured the formation of hydroxyl radicals using a
specific dye (dihydrorhodamine 123) which reacts with hydroxyl radical. We also measured the ability of
NO to protect against cell death caused by H2O2 treatment. We observed that pretreatment of cells with
nitric oxide (200 μM Sper/NO for 1 hour) lead to a 20% decrease in hydroxyl radical production and a
30% decrease in cell death. This study demonstrates that nitric oxide has antioxidant properties by
suppressing hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress. These results could play a role in the
understanding of diseases that are involved with oxidative stress.
A04
Development of New Environment-Sensitive Fluorescent Probes
Presenter(s)
Justin Lee, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Sung Hwan Suh, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Daesung Lee, University of Illinois at Chicago
Aditi Patil, University of Illinois at Chicago
Cell functions rely heavily on lipids. Fluorophores can be used to monitor these lipids and help
researchers gain a better view of membrane mediated cellular processes. Commercially available
fluorophores are currently used, but they have several limitations. In order to overcome these limitations,
we have taken existing fluorophore cores and used them to synthesize our new fluorophores by altering
functional groups. Our fluorophores are equipped with a group that is capable of reacting with a cystine
on proteins. When the protein binds to a lipid, a change in fluorescence can be observed. To make our
fluorophores, we set up a number of reactions which were monitored by using thin layer chromatography.
After working up the reactions, the products were purified using column chromatography. A number of
fluorescent probes were made and tested in biological systems. Assay results have shown that certain
fluorophores are too big in size to fit in their receptor sites or its fluorescent intensities are too low. On the
basis of the unfavorable behaviors of the fluorophores prepared so far, we are trying to further modify
their structures to improve fluorescent behaviors. The limitations are not overcome, but we are continuing
in our search.
40
A05
Molecular Cloning of HA-Ubiquitin into pGEX-4T-1 Vector
Presenter(s)
Madhav Mohandas, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Richard Morimoto, Northwestern University
Ubiquitin is a regulatory protein, expressed in all eukaryotes, that serves to direct protein disposal and
recycling. In this study restriction enzyme directed ligation is used to clone the gene HA-ubiquitin into
the vector pGEX-4T-1. This serves as a preliminary step to observe the behavior of ubiquitin when placed
in varied environments. Once the gene is successfully inserted into the vector, the resulting plasmid can
be placed in bacterial cells and be used to express the desired protein. Plasmid DNA was gathered by
introducing the plasmid to DH5alpha bacterial cells through transformation. Restriction digestion using
Eco RI/Xho I confirmed the insertion of the ubiquitin encoding gene into the pGEX-4T-1. Sequencing the
plasmid has given good results, and the majority of the base pairs are matching. At this point the plasmid
can be used to express proteins in bacterial cells. Once the protein is gathered and purified, ubiquitin
interaction with other proteins in the cells of different organisms can be observed. The behavior of
ubiquitin in heat shock, or stressed conditions can also be studied.
A06
Effect of Syndecan-1 and Syndecan-2 on Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Cell-Cell Fusion
Presenter(s)
Sarah Salameh, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Urmi Sheth, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Deepak Shukla, University of Illinois at Chicago
Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) utilizes cell-cell fusion to infect several cells at once. The proteoglycans
syndecan-1 and syndecan-2 may help in facilitating cell-cell fusion. A cell-cell fusion assay, in which
effector cells were transfected with the glycoproteins gD, gB and gH-gL and a T7 polymerase and target
cells were transfected with luciferase and nectin-1, displayed cell-cell fusion through expression of
luciferase. A syncytial cell assay was also used, in which the nuclei of target cells were dyed with cyan
fluorescent protein and the cytosols of effector cells were dyed with red fluorescent protein, and the
creation of a syncytial cell is indicated by a cell with red cytoplasm and blue nuclei. Over-expression of
the syndecans on target cells increased cell-cell fusion, while over-expression of the syndecans on
effector cells decreased cell-cell fusion. In general, over-expression of syndecan-1 on target cells
increased cell-cell fusion the most, while over-expression of syndecan-2 on effector cells decreased cellcell
fusion the most. This information could be useful in future medicines that may make use of the
syndecans' effect to slow HSV-1 spread. The cause of these results remains unknown, so future studies
may focus on understanding how syndecan-1 and syndecan-2 can affect cell-cell fusion.
41
A07
Observing the Genetic Response of H358 and 1703 Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines to BMP-7 with
qRT-PCR
Presenter(s)
Samir Shah, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jeffrey Borgia, Rush University Medical Center
Metastasis, the diffusion of cancerous cells through the body and subsequent formation of secondary
tumors, is distinguished by a series of phenotypic metamorphoses that resemble the common cellular
process of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) present in wound healing and embryogenesis.
Bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) is a cytokine known to counteract the EMT pathway whose
activation is distinguishing of epithelial plasticity. In this study we show the effects of BMP-7 treatment
on two adenocarcinoma lines: H358 which has a generally epithelial natural phenotype; and 1703 which
has a naturally mesenchymal phenotype, compared to untreated controls. The cells were processed using
an EDTA-based lysis buffer. RNA extracts were performed with a Qiagen RNeasy mini-kit and then
reverse transcribed into cDNA after an Invitrogen DNase treatment. We visualized the genetic response
of the H358 and 1703 cell lines to exposure of the BMP-7 cytokine with real-time quantitative
polymerase chain reaction. In this review we investigated the genetic effects of the BMP-7 cytokine
which is proposed to be a fundamental messenger within the EMT-based metastasis model. This research
will lead to a better understanding of the mechanism behind cancer metastasis and because exogenous
BMP-7 is known to counteract EMT in vitro, BMP-7 may represent a novel treatment molecule for
malignant plasticities.
A08
Optimization of Sensing Efficacy for Protein Detection
Presenter(s)
Stanley Yuan, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Vivian Zhang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Liaohai Leo Chen, Rush University Medical Center
A target-specific micelle based biosensor is being developed. The sensor platform encapsulates dye
molecules using micelles, which can be released to amplify ligand-receptor or antibody-antigen
complexes in solution in a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Single-variable modifications
allow for construction of standard curves, which may be superimposed to detect the optimal conditions.
These variables include pH, components of buffer mixture, and concentration of dye molecules. Micelles
are obtained from a simultaneous, ongoing study, but are observed through use of an atomic force
microscope to check for proper shape formulation. The expectation is that the optimized micelles will be
a feasible detector for cell surface biomarker proteins in dengue and HIV viruses from human sera
samples.
42
B01
Determining Heat Load of Infrared Laser Radiation through Direct and Side-Firing Optical Fibers
Presenter(s)
Lisa Akintilo, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Megan Wu, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Agnella Matic, Northwestern University
Suhrud Rajguru, Northwestern University
Claus-Peter Richter, Northwestern University
Contemporary cochlear implants use electrical currents to stimulate neurons. Current spread in tissue
makes spatially selective stimulation difficult. Infrared neural stimulation is an alternative method that
may increase the number of independent channels at the implant electrode. Each laser pulse delivered to
tissue deposits heat, which may cause thermal damage. The goal of our study was to determine how to
minimize radiant energy and find the maximum pulse rate of a laser used in this stimulation method.
Thermochromic ink was used as an indicator of temperature change. It was mixed into an agarose
solution. Once gelled, it modeled cochlear tissue. The agar was irradiated through a direct and angled
fiber. Videos of single-pulse and repetitive radiation using a direct fiber were captured and analyzed using
a custom-written MATLAB program. Direct laser videos indicated that single-pulse radiation caused a
narrow, cylindrical-shaped beam profile, while the repetitive radiation caused a wide, circular beam
profile. Side-firing laser videos indicated that due to the reflective properties of air-glass-water interfaces
there is additional radiation in a direction opposite the desired tissue. Our study shows that use of a sidefiring
fiber in a cochlear implant has potential, but its excess stimulation demonstrates a need for
improvement.
B02
Exploring the Effects of Adhesion and Programmed Cell Death on Tissue Morphogenesis
Presenter(s)
Ramya Babu, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jie Liang, University of Illinois at Chicago
Hammad Naveed, University of Illinois at Chicago
Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is an important component in the development of many multicellular
organisms. Cells die in response to a variety of stimuli and during apoptosis they do so in a
controlled, regulated fashion. The goal in this investigation was to explore the effects of cell adhesion and
apoptosis on tissue morphogenesis by incorporating it into an existing computer program that simulated
the growth of Drosophila cell tissue. The first step was to incorporate cell-to-cell adhesion in the
simulation. At this point in the study, incorporating apoptosis into the same program has been completed.
Simulation runs showed clearly that cell adhesion had no effect on the geometric pattern of the cells
within Drosophila tissue. The percentage of cells with different edge counts did not show any noticeable
difference between simulations that included adhesion and those that did not. The effect of apoptosis is
still being studied through simulation runs.
43
B03
Design of Genetic Sequences Encoding a Matrix Metalloproteinase-2-Degradable Synthetic
Recombinant Protein
Presenter(s)
Yiyun Cao, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jason Buhrman, University of Illinois at Chicago
Richard Gemeinhart, University of Illinois at Chicago
Mary Tang, University of Illinois at Chicago
Protein-engineered biomaterials are a promising possibility for targeted drug therapy against glioblastoma
multiforme, a highly invasive brain tumor that causes the overactivation of matrix-metalloproteinases
(MMPs). When MMPs encounter a recombinant protein polymer scaffold consisting of repeating units of
MMP cleavage sites, the scaffold will be degraded, releasing the chemotherapeutic agents contained
within. In this study, the sequence for the protein polymer was generated using primer extension
polymerase chain reaction (PCR), ligated into a cloning vector, and transformed into Escherichia coli.
PCR was then performed on extracted DNA to add the desired restriction enzyme sites, after which the
insert was isolated by digestion in preparation for ligation into an expression vector. Sequences consisting
of up to five repeats were confirmed to have been created and prepared for restriction enzyme digestion.
This result demonstrates that primer extension PCR is a viable, novel method for the expedited creation of
polymer protein genes. In the future, this method will be used to generate sequences of various lengths in
order to determine the optimal length for protein gelling and formation of a scaffold that may become an
effective treatment for brain tumors.
B04
An Ideal Inbred Line of Maize Useful for Producing Transgenic Maize via Micro Projectile-
Mediated Gene Transfer Using Meristemic Tissue
Presenter(s)
Sharon Duval, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Eric Johnson, USDA-ARS
The reproductive organs of a plant cell are found in the second layer of the shoot apical meristem. A
genetic transformation of meristem tissue would result in a gene transformation that would be passed
down to further generations. Seeds were germinated in MS medium and placed on ML1G1 plates for
callus induction. After visible callus induction occurred, the plates were transferred to ML1C2 medium.
Thus far in the investigation, B104 is a strong inbred line of maize that successfully produced callus
material.
44
B05
Genetic Testing Ontology Construction
Presenter(s)
Eric Huang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Simon Lin, Northwestern University
Genetic tests have advanced greatly in terms of availability and popularity in recent years. Several
companies now offer consumers affordable tests that can link single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), a
type of genetic mutation, to risks for diseases, traits, and ancestry. The purpose of this study was to
construct a genetic testing ontology to facilitate effective communication between parties involved in
genetic testing and as a reference for researchers in the field. First, background research was conducted to
understand the central concepts involved in genetic testing. A general structure for the ontology was
planned through the drafting of a flowchart. The ontology, constructed using the Protégé 4 software,
features concepts such as genes, diseases, SNPs, and genotypes. This ontology only serves as a
framework and will be continually amended in the future to take into account new developments in the
field of genetic testing. One proposed method of more efficiently constructing the ontology is to use data
mining in order to gather information, instead of manually researching and inserting it into the ontology.
In the future, a more complete ontology could be implemented in a search engine that allows consumers
to investigate relationships between genetic testing results and their implications.
B06
Polystyrene Coating of Microfluidic Devices to Reduce Absorption
Presenter(s)
Nilesh Kavthekar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
David Thomas Eddington, University of Illinois at Chicago
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a biocompatible and moldable material frequently used for microfluidic
experiments, but is also hydrophobic and porous, and thus absorbs small particles in its fluid channels.
Thin film coating of PDMS with polystyrene (PS) in toluene solution was optimized to best minimize the
absorption of these particles. The channels of standard dual Y-channel PDMS devices were spin coated
with PS solution at variable spin speeds and PS solution concentrations. The device coatings were tested
by flushing rhodamine, a fluorescent, hydrophobic dye, through the channel and quantifying penetration
of the PS coat using ultraviolet imaging. The findings showed that only devices of the highest
concentration tested, 5% solution, significantly reduced rhodamine absorption when compared to control
devices (which lacked PS coating). It was observed that coatings of 5% PS concentration significantly
reduced channel width while lower concentrations did not coat the channel completely. The spin speed of
the coating did not significantly influence coating effectiveness. It was concluded that only using 5% PS
solution when spin coating PDMS would provide coats effective for reducing absorption, but would still
cause significant channel variation. Solutions in the range of 0.5% to 5% PS concentration should be
further investigated for viable coating.
45
B07
Development and Evaluation of a Prosthetic Ankle that Mechanically Adapts to Sloped Surfaces
Presenter(s)
Samuel Kwak, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Stefania Fatone, Northwestern University
Ankle adaptability is lost when a person with transtibial amputation uses a commercially-available
prosthetic ankle, causing stress on leg joints, especially when walking on slopes. This calls for a
prosthetic ankle that mimics the adaptability of a normal human ankle. A prosthetic ankle prototype that
mechanically adapts to sloped surfaces, fitted on a subject with transtibial amputations, walked across
level ground and a 5° ramp with his non-adapting prosthetic ankles and the prototype adaptable ankle.
Skin-mounted markers were used to record the three-dimensional position of various joints. OrthoTrak
and Matlab software were used to generate lower limb joint angles and moments. The subject answered
two questionnaires regarding balance confidence and mobility. When using the adaptable ankle, ankle
motion increased for all walking conditions, knee and hip flexion decreased when going uphill, and a
greater change in set-point on sloped surfaces compared to the non-adapting ankle. The subject reported
having better mobility, but lower balance confidence than his non-adapting prosthetic ankles. Lack of
balance confidence may be due to an infrequent slipping of the clutch mechanism within the adaptable
ankle that reduced performance reliability. Further verification of these results and a redesign of the ankle
to address performance reliability are required.
B08
Effect of Mechanical Forces and Cleavage Plane Orientation on Epithelial Geometry and Topology
Presenter(s)
Madhav Mohandas, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jie Liang, University of Illinois at Chicago
Epithelial geometry and topology is known to be conserved among many diverse groups of organisms.
The dominance of hexagons in simple epithelial sheets has been observed since the start of the twentieth
century. This distribution is also thought to have functional importance in the regulation of
morphogenesis and prevention of cancer formation. Several models that simulate the process of epithelial
morphogenesis have been proposed in the past, which show that this distribution is a direct result of cell
proliferation. These models however, are biologically unrealistic and have many constraints. Here, we
propose a mechanical model that takes into account cell shape, size, and cleavage plane orientation to
accurately simulate the process of cell proliferation. We are able to achieve a very high percentage of
hexagons, characteristic of plant epithelia, which was previously thought to be not possible. Our model
proves that cleavage plane orientation and the forces that act on a cell both have a high influence in the
patterns that govern epithelium. This model stands as an improvement on previous geometric and
topological models for simulating proliferating epithelia.
46
B09
Electric Potentials Along Proteins and Their Effects on Ion Movement
Presenter(s)
Navdeep Singh, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Namrata Pandya, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Phadmakar Patankar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Proteins found in living organisms act on specific substrates in biologically significant ways based on
amino acid sequence. The amino acids comprising a protein become charged in solutions of differing
acidity, and as a result give the protein a net distribution of charge that affects the ways in which it
interacts with its substrate. By analyzing the electrical field lines generated by these charges, electrostatic
forces acting on nearby ions are found. Through the use of computer models, motion of these ions is
predicted and compared with the location of structural motifs of any given protein. The organization of
amino acid sequences and associated charges has been programmed, and three-dimensional coordinates of
proteins are being determined. Through the use of displacement vectors and field equations, electrostatic
force vectors have been computed for a given set of charges and ions, and preliminary effects of charge
on ion motion have been calculated. From this, it can be seen that the organization of charge along a
protein directs an ion in solution to specific locations. Based on this principle, computer aided drug
design and biochemical research can predict and analyze structures of various proteins and modify them
based on electrostatic parameters.
B10
Surface Behaviors of HT-29 Colon Cancer Cells on P-/E-Selectin and Anti-EpCAM
Presenter(s)
Sydney Valero, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Seungpyo Hong, University of Illinois at Chicago
Ja Myung, University of Illinois at Chicago
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) interact with the endothelium in blood vessels during metastasis, causing
CTC extravasation via a physiological process called cell rolling. When a cell circulates in a blood vessel,
its ligands on the cell surface bind with the receptors of an endothelial cell. This binding is weak and
cannot hold the cell against the blood flow. Instead, the cell rolls along the blood vessel wall, making and
breaking multiple interactive bonds. To identify the interaction of HT-29 colon cancer cells with
endothelial cells, biomimetic surfaces were functionalized with P- and E-selectin proteins, which induce
different responses in HT-29. Faster rolling velocities occur on P-selectin than on E-selectin. In
comparison, HT-29 cells showed stationary binding on anti-EpCAM-immobilized surfaces because of
strong bindings of cancer cell antibodies to epithelial cell adhesion molecules. An understanding of
cellular responses on various adhesive proteins is the first step towards developing a CTC detection
device.
47
B11
Virtual Representation of the Human Central Nervous System
Presenter(s)
Candice Yi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Andreas Linninger, University of Illinois at Chicago
Currently, it is difficult to predict how drugs will distribute within the human body to alleviate central
nervous system (CNS) diseases. To create better predictions, a three dimensional model of the
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space around the human spinal was created in addition to a model of the human
brain. This model will be used for future simulations of drug delivery. This model was also exported into
a virtual reality environment where any user can interact with the three dimensional model to better
understand the complex architecture and estimate drug injection locations. This work may eventually lead
towards effective treatment options for patients suffering from brain diseases using computational
models. The model will help students learn about the CNS anatomy, and the virtual world will also enable
users to visualize the complex flow patterns of the CSF within the CNS.
C01
The Expression of Ecotropic Virus Integration Site-1 in Seven Cancer Cell Lines
Presenter(s)
Wendy Bindeman, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Donald Dosch, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
The ecotropic virus integration site-1 (EVI1) gene is a transcriptional repressor implicated in the control
of cell proliferation and frequently over-expressed in cancerous cells. I investigated the expression of this
gene across seven cancer cell lines of varying morphologies. The tested lines included myeloid leukemia
lines Kasumi-3, U-937, MOLT-4, and CEM; breast cancer line MCF-7; colorectal cancer line HT-29; and
glioblastoma line M059K. Kasumi-3 and HT-29 are documented to have high EVI1 expression. Protein
concentrations were normalized with respect to actin using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and
Western blotting. Western blots used to test for expression of the target protein, EVI1, have shown one
unidentified band present in HT-29, though no consistent differences in expression have been detected
among the other lines. The expression of this protein may be below the detection threshold of this blotting
system, making visualization of the protein difficult. Currently, the concentrations are being renormalized
with respect to actin. Following this normalization, final EVI1 blots will be conducted.
48
C02
The Function of Sox5 in the Neural Crest
Presenter(s)
Kamila Bond, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Carole LaBonne, Northwestern University
Kara Nordin, Northwestern University
Sox5 is a gene that codes for a transcription factor that regulates the development of the neural crest, a
migratory cell population which differentiates into diverse groups of important cells in vertebrates. In this
experiment, a domain that allows for dimerization called the coiled-coil domain, was removed to
determine the effect on the neural crest. Xenopus laevis embryos were injected with Sox5 mRNA lacking
the coiled-coil domain and analyzed for changes in the extent of neural crest development. We found that
embryos injected with Sox5 deletion construct mRNA, had a massive increase in ectopic Sox9 expression
within the Xenopus laevis embryos. In stark contrast to this, when wild type Sox5 is injected into
embryos, a reduction in Sox9 expression is visualized in Xenopus laevis embryos. Sox9 is a member of
the SoxE family of proteins that is critical in determining chondrocyte, glial cell, and melanocyte cell
populations. This data suggests that dimeric Sox5 (wild type) represses Sox9 expression whereas when
the dimerization domain is deleted the repression is alleviated.
C03
Comparing E-cadherin Expression in Cancer Cells with Different Degrees of Invasiveness Using
Immunofluorescence
Presenter(s)
Sonya Dave, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Carol Gu, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Megan Schrementi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Recent studies investigating the correlation between tumor invasiveness and the expression of E-cadherin
in cancer cells show conflicting results. In two studies, the glycoprotein E-cadherin, which allows cell-tocell
adhesion, was completely removed from the cell line. The first study showed that E-cadherin
contributes to the inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) phenotype. The second study suggested E-cadherin
loss enables the invasive phenotype of breast cancer, showing that E-cadherin is crucial in suppressing
cancer progression. Our study compares the expression of E-cadherin in the IBC cell line MCF-7 and the
lymphoblastic cell line CEM to determine if a high degree of E-cadherin affects cancer invasiveness.
Adherent MCF-7 cells and non-adherent CEM cells were sustained using standard cell culture procedures.
In immunofluorescent staining, a fluorescently marked secondary antibody binds to the primary antibody,
which binds to the E-cadherin. The fluorescence emitted by the secondary antibody indicates the amount
of E-cadherin present in the cells. The benefit of this research will be a more specific understanding of
cancer progression. We expect that our immunofluorescence results will help determine the relationship
between E-cadherin and cancer cell invasiveness.
49
C04
The Effects of Hypoxia on Human Dermal Fibroblasts
Presenter(s)
Xin (Danny) Ding, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Megan Schrementi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Despite our world's medical advancements, some wounds do not heal without leaving behind scars.
Deciphering the mechanism through which dermal fibroblasts aid in the dermis healing process will
improve wound healing outcomes. The scab that forms on top of a wound functions to protect the wound
from infesting pathogens as well as create a hypoxic (low oxygen levels) environment. This experiment
will test the effect of hypoxia on dermal fibroblasts. Using an in vitro cell culture of dermal fibroblasts
and performing scratch assays will imitate wound formation and as a result, wound healing. By
comparing the growth and migration of dermal fibroblasts in hypoxia and normoxia, I can measure the
effects of hypoxia on these cells. I expect there to be a faster migration towards and across the wound
when the cells are in hypoxia compared to those in normoxia. In addition, I expect the cells in hypoxia to
divide faster than the cells in normoxia. If after counting cells (cell growth) and reviewing the pictures of
the wounds (cell migration), and both of these increase, then I can conclude that dermal fibroblasts work
more efficiently under hypoxia, and wound healing will be more efficient under hypoxia.
C05
The Effect of 2-Cyano-3,12-Dioxooleana-1,9(11)-Dien-28-Oic Acid (CDDO) on Transforming
Growth Factor-ß Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in A549 Lung Epithelial Cells
Presenter(s)
Sruthi Doniparthi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
John Varga, Northwestern University
Jun Wei, Northwestern University
Studies have shown that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) mediates epithelial-mesenchymal
transition (EMT), a process that causes epithelial cells to rapidly differentiate and proliferate into
fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, factors of pulmonary fibrosis. By binding to its receptors, TGF-β induces
Smad2/3 phosphorylation and modulates its target gene expression. A drug, 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-
1,9(11)-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO), shows potential for inhibiting TGF-β's effect on fibroblast
differentiation, and of interest is whether it can inhibit EMT in A549 lung epithelial cells. A549 cells
were cultured in the presence and absence of TGF-β for 24 hours. The epithelial and mesenchyml markers
were measured by real-time qPCR at the mRNA level and by Western blot at the protein level. After
incubation, TGF-β stimulated collagen production by approximately 40-fold showing that EMT was
present. Once CDDO was added, collagen expression was reduced to approximately 20-fold. When
incubated for 30 minutes cells induced by TGF-β in the presence and absence of CDDO, data showed
similar amounts of Smad phosphorylation, which was significantly reduced with CDDO after 24 hours.
The results show that CDDO attenuates the EMT induced by TGF-β in A549 epithelial cells by blocking
Smad phosphorylation.
50
C06
Effects of Modified Murine Runx2 Expression on Embryonic Osteogenesis
Presenter(s)
Xiangyun (Johnny) Duan, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Ming Ding, Rush University Medical Center
Qiping Zheng, Rush University Medical Center
In mammals, endochondral osteogenesis is responsible for long bone formation, and is crucial to fetal
skeletal development. Runx2 plays a major regulatory role in osteoblast differentiation and bone
formation, and its spatial and temporal expression is vital to proper bone formation. Transgenic and
knockout mouse models provided the tools to demonstrate the effects of genetically modified Runx2 in
vivo. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gel electrophoresis indicated mouse genotype using genomic
DNA extracted from the liver, enabling data to be sorted into control and mutant groups. Quantitative
real-time PCR allowed measurement of mRNA levels, which represent gene expression in mutant mice
and their littermate controls. Skeletal staining allowed visual examination, revealing marked differences
in the number of ossification centers, and ossification magnitude. Histological examination of the
epiphyseal plate showed contrast between genotypes in the hypertrophic zone. Statistical analysis with the
unpaired Student's t-test showed significant differences in gene expression between mutant and littermate
control group. The differences shown in the data are supported by histological examination of tissue
samples. The conclusions drawn in this study may have applications in the study of bone disorders, such
as cleidocranial dysplasia or achondroplasia.
C07
The Mediation of Tumor Necrosis Factor by the Tight Junction Protein Occludin
Presenter(s)
Christine Engbretson, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Christopher Weber, University of Chicago
In epithelial cell membranes, various integral proteins form structures called tight junctions which form a
barrier at the intercellular space, and moderate the flux of necessary molecules and ions through
paracellular pathways. One tight junction protein, occludin, appears to be responsible for barrier
modulation by tumor necrosis factor (TNF), an inflammatory cytokine that is increased in diseases, such
as inflammatory bowel disease. In this study, epithelial cells were transfected with occludin siRNA to
create an occludin-knockdown strain; this reduced tight junction barrier function while blocking the
ability of TNF to alter the tight junction barrier. Occludin-knockdown cells were then transfected with a
gene expressing siRNA-resistant occludin tagged with green fluorescent protein which was detected in
post-transfected cells. Expression of occludin restored TER to control levels and restored epithelial
sensitivity to TNF. Therefore, occludin appears to mediate the effect of TNF on tight junction barrier
function.
51
C08
Expression of Recombinant Malarial Parasite Plasmodium falciparum Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase in a
Yeast-Based Screening System and Photometric Assays
Presenter(s)
Lucija Filipac, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Piotr Gornicki, University of Chicago
Robert Haselkorn, University of Chicago
Mosquitoes are constantly developing resistance to commonly used drugs against the malaria parasite
Plasmodium falciparum, creating the need for new, effective drugs that will stop the spread of this deadly
disease. In particular, drugs targeting the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) necessary for parasite
fatty acid synthesis in the liver stage of human infection could prevent the growth of malarial parasites.
To begin in the development of such a drug, my project will accomplish the first step: expression of
recombinant Plasmodium ACC in insect cells and yeast cells, followed up by protein purification and
enzymatic assays. These vectors can then be used as models for the testing of chemical inhibitors of
malaria chosen from chemical libraries. Using a synthesized gene with codons optimized for expression
in insect cells and in yeast, as of yet my experiments have included cutting DNA with restriction
enzymes, separating DNA fragments by gel electrophoresis, ligating DNA together, sequencing DNA
construction to verify its structure, and propagating plasmids in E. coli. The long-term goal of this project,
finding potential chemical inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum, could lead to the development of new
and effective drugs that will fight against malaria.
C09
The Effect of microRNA-200 on Prostate Cancer
Presenter(s)
Hana Fouladi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
James Rea, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Olga Volpert, Northwestern University
In normal prostates, all epithelial cell growth is controlled by testosterone (androgen), which binds and
activates androgen receptor (AR), a transcription factor inside the cells. In prostate cancer, cells fall into
three main categories: androgen-inducible, androgen-independent, and androgen-repressible. Most
therapies available target androgen-inducible cells. These treatments interfere with the making of
testosterone or its activity inside the cells. Although a large portion of the tumor cells die after therapy,
androgen-repressible cells remain and thrive. While we were working in the Volpert lab, the AR anticancer
action was for the first time linked with cellular senescence, which is a special type of cell death.
We identified the molecules turned on by AR, and causing the senescence, as small non-coding RNA,
called microRNA (miRNA). One of the main miRNA induced by AR is miR-200. When introduced in the
prostate cancer cells, called PC-3, that have no AR, it caused senescence. We have generated another
prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP, where we knocked down AR using genetically engineered, safe viral
particles. Now we will introduce miR-200 in these cells. If they die by senescence, it means that miR-200
could be used for the treatment of prostate cancers that are resistant to other therapies.
52
C10
The Effect of a High Fat Diet on Leukotriene B4 Levels in Pancreatic Lesions in Genetically
Altered Mice
Presenter(s)
Nicholas Fung, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Kevin Adrian, Northwestern University
Paul Grippo, Northwestern University
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), a product of arachidonic acid (an omega-6 fatty acid) metabolism employing 5-
lipoxygenase (5-Lox), is a commonly found leukotriene within the pancreas, often associated with
inflammation and the propagation of cancer cells. Past studies have found high levels of LTB4 in cancer
cells and that absence of LTB4 in cultured cells induced apoptosis. In pursuit of further understanding of
LTB4's role in carcinogenesis, genetically altered mice with induced pancreatic precancer lesions were
fed diets high in omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids for 12 and 16 months. We hypothesized that the mice
that were exposed to an omega-6 diet would have higher serum levels of LTB4 than mice administered
omega-3 enriched diets. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we calculated the amount of
LTB4 levels within the mice. In the 12 month FVB6 mice, we observed lower levels of LTB4 in mice
given omega-3 than those given the control and omega-6 diets. However, this effect was not observed in
El-Kras mice, as the levels were similar throughout all three groups. This seems to suggest that expression
of mutant Kras confers resistance to the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on LTB4 levels, which is a
direction of a future study.
C11
The Scientific Basis of Disease in Media: Werewolves, Vampires, and Zombies
Presenter(s)
Mukesh Gande, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Kyle Glasper, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Sowmya Anjur, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Throughout history, there are examples of myths involving terrifying creatures, based on the strange
symptoms of diseases that the people of the time were unable to offer explanations about. A careful
examination of these myths shows that there is some truth behind the legends, and indeed a scientific
basis for the formerly inexplicable diseases. In this study we investigated the connection between the
portrayal of vampires, werewolves and zombies to their corresponding diseases through an analysis of
peer-reviewed articles, movies and historical evidence. Through our research, we found that there was not
much of a connection between werewolves and hypertrichosis which only matched the physical, but not
the mental description of a werewolf. As for vampires and the porphyria diseases, there's some truth in the
history behind vampires but there is not a significant amount of evidence. In recent history, the symptoms
of porphyria have appeared in media, such as photosensitivity, but there are no documented occurrences
before the twentieth century. Zombies have a distinct connection to science with tetrodotoxins, which is
sometimes referenced to as "zombie powder." In conclusion, connections exist between disease
discovered in recent history and representation in media.
53
C12
Characterization of Genetic Pathways Leading to Therapy-Related Acute Myeloid Leukemia with
Abnormalities of Chromosome Five
Presenter(s)
Andrew Go, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Michelle LeBeau, University of Chicago
Angela Stoddart, University of Chicago
Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML), a complication of chemotherapy used for treating
cancers, is often characterized by a deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5 (5q). In order to identify
genes that may cooperate with Egr1 haploinsufficiency, a gene located in the deleted segment of 5q, we
conducted a retroviral mutagenesis screen, which identified a candidate gene, Evi1. Previously, we cloned
retroviral integrations upstream of Evi1 in several Egr1 heterozygous (Egr1+/-) mice. We developed a
polymerase chain reaction method to easily test for integration in myeloid neoplasms in more mice. Evi1
expression was elevated in 16/33 (48%) of Egr1+/- mice, but only 5/17 (29%) of Egr1 wildtype mice, due
to retroviral insertions in most cases. We next wanted to determine if haploinsufficiency of Egr1 and high
Evi1 levels cooperate to promote proliferation and self renewal of hematopoietic stem cells. We
performed a serial replating assay and found that more colonies grew when Egr1 levels were decreased
and Evi1 expression was high. In t-AML, Evi1 is likely a cooperating cancer gene, with haploinsufficient
Egr1, since our in vitro data suggests that Evi1 expression is increased in Egr1+/- diseased mice and selfrenewal
of Evi1-expressing progenitors may be enhanced by haploinsufficiency of Egr1.
C13
Pro-Inflammatory Regulatory T-cell Expression of a Foxp3 Splice Variant
Presenter(s)
Webster Guan, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Khashayarsha Khazaie, Northwestern University
In humans, regulatory T-cells (Tregs) express a Foxp3 isoform, characterized by a splice excision of exon
2, a region that inhibits the expression of RORgt, a transcription factor that drives IL-17 in proinflammatory
Tregs. In mice with polyps, Tregs express RORgt, and therefore we hypothesize that these
Tregs have a similar splice variation of exon 2. We first verified that Tregs from polyp-bearing mice
produce IL-17 while healthy Tregs do not, by transferring these cells into lymphopenic mice and
following the transferred cells in vivo. We detected the transferred cells in the small bowel of recipient
mice and found increased production of IL-17 in the Foxp3 donor cells derived from polyp-bearing mice,
whereas Foxp3 donor cells from healthy mice failed to produce any IL-17. Second, we harvested cDNA
from Tregs from polyp-bearing mice and used polymerase chain reaction to detect the presence of exon 2.
We detected no exon 2 splice variant of the cDNA in the Tregs from either healthy or polyp-bearing mice
by submitting the cDNA to PCR amplification of the region of interest, but quantitatitve PCR data is still
pending. In conclusion, our data suggests that pro-inflammatory Tregs do not express the splice variant.
54
C14
DNA Sequencing Protocol
Presenter(s)
Eaton Guo, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jamie Tweedle, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
DNA sequencing is used to find the order of the nucleotide bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine
in a sequence of DNA. This technique is used for many medical and research applications, such as the
profiling of gene expression. Currently the investigation has been trying to develop a protocol for the
DNA sequencer that students of IMSA and Illinois may use. So far experiments have been conducted
using DNA isolated from different sources such as plant and human as well as different methods of
extracting DNA in order to determine one procedure that will yield the most effective and successful
results, as well as one that will be appropriate enough for students to follow and learn. Results at this
point, however, have been inconclusive due to various problems analyzing data and getting good
sequencing results. In the process, however, much has been learned much about the scientific process and
working with DNA and lab work. In the near future, hopefully the investigation will yield good results on
the sequences so that an effective procedure may be finalized for biology students to learn how DNA
sequencing works and the processes involved.
C15
The Effects of Sanitizers on the Survival of Stressed Salmonella enteritidis on Shelled Eggs
Presenter(s)
Dorcas Huang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jill Vogan, Illinois Institute of Technology
Wei Zhang, Illinois Institute of Technology
All eggs must be sprayed with an approved sanitizer before distribution. However, recent outbreaks of
illness caused by Salmonella enteritidis have been traced to the contamination of shelled eggs. The goal
of this investigation was to examine the effects of a chlorine-based oxidative disinfectant, and a
quaternary ammonium compound, on Salmonella enteritidis on eggshells. Eggs were inoculated with
stationary phase Salmonella enteritidis suspended in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and then dipped
into a 200 ppm bleach sanitizer, 400 ppm bleach sanitizer, 200 ppm quaternary ammonium compound, or
400 ppm quaternary ammonium compound. Each shell was washed with PBS, and shell wash solutions
were diluted and plated on xylose lysine deoxycholate agar. After incubation, the number of colony
forming units on each plate was counted, and the total amount of bacteria on the egg was calculated. No
significant difference was found between the two types of sanitizers. The amount of bacteria on eggs
treated with 200 ppm bleach, 200 ppm quaternary ammonium, and 400 ppm quaternary ammonium
decreased, however the reduction was less than expected. The results indicated that the sanitizers used
were ineffective. The bacteria were also stressed prior to experimentation, which would activate the
stress-induced response genes in the bacteria.
55
C16
A Comparison of Activity Budgets and Exhibit Usage of Western Lowland Gorillas
Presenter(s)
Brielle James, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Debra Kutska, Brookfield Zoo
Western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) are an endangered gorilla species native to Central
Africa. The wild gorillas' day consists of waking, morning feeding, resting, afternoon feeding, sleeping,
and moving throughout the bush. A behavioral study of Brookfield Zoo's gorilla troop was created to
analyze exhibit space usage and whether behavior varied between individuals and time of day. Individual
activity budgets and exhibit usage of six gorillas were compared. Individual gorillas were observed for 45
minute sessions, using focal scan sampling with one minute increments. Specific behaviors, defined by an
ethogram, were recorded along with the exhibit area being used. Data analysis showed that resting is the
main activity for adults, but not juveniles. Expectantly, juveniles were also observed engaging in a larger
variety of activities than adults. Females were seen self-grooming more often than males. Additionally,
time of day was found to have no major effect on behavior - resting and feeding are the first and second
most common activities no matter the time. The exhibit-usage paired activity budgets may provide a
better understanding of gorilla behavior for keeper staff and the analysis of troop's behavior may enhance
the guest experience, outlining times of day when the gorillas are most active.
C17
Cell Starvation in Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells and the Initiation of Apoptosis in Eukaryotes
Presenter(s)
Lakshmi Katta, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Rhyston Mays, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Donald Dosch, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Cells require a variety of nutrients in order to sustain life. This experiment explores the effect of
starvation on both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. E. coli cells were starved in solutions of M9 salts
media that contained dilutions of an essential salt, disodium phosphate. In the first trial, E. coli cells
showed a decline in growth in greater dilutions of disodium phosphate, but the media contained a
precipitate that could have altered the rate of bacterial growth. The eukaryotic cells were grown in RPMI-
1640 and starved by diluting the concentration of fetal calf serum. Numbers of cells after a week's growth
increased roughly proportional to the fetal calf serum concentration until 15%, but the number decreased
at 20% for both U-937 and CEM. Western blot analysis of U-937, CEM, and MCF-7, grown in different
concentrations of FCS, are in progress to determine if apoptosis was initiated.
56
C18
Differential Effects of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors on the Acetylation of Tubulin on Human
Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Cultures
Presenter(s)
Yoo (Jenny) Kim, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Jongmin Lee, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Susan McCormick, University of Chicago
In the United States, many patients who are diagnosed with renal disease require hemodialysis, a
procedure, which utilizes arterio-venous grafts. However, 60.7 percent of all arterio-venous graft results
in failure. The cost for revision of these arterio-venous grafts for the United States is over 1 billion dollars
per year. The majority of these graft failures are caused by stenosis with the underlying cause being
intimal hyperplasia. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have recently been utilized to treat cancer.
Research has shown that the HDACi inhibits proliferation of cancer cells. In this study, human vascular
smooth muscle cells were treated with two different HDACis, MS-275 and Vorinostat. Vorinostat, a pan
inhibitor, inhibits all histone deacetylases while MS-275 preferentially inhibits HDAC1. Western blot
analysis showed that these drugs differentially affected the acetylation of tubulin. These results will be
beneficial in determining which HDACi will be most preferable in the treatment of intimal hyperplasia.
C19
The Role of Dendritic Cells in the Development of Pro-Inflammatory T-Regulatory Cells in
Colorectal Cancer
Presenter(s)
Hannah Koo, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Khashayarsha Khazaie, Northwestern University
Studies have shown that the Tregs present in APC mice, a mouse model of polyposis, fail to control the
pre-cancerous polyp formation while the dendritic cells (DC), which function to drive T cell activation
and differentiation, express high levels of pro-inflammatory surface molecules. In order to establish a
correlation between these two subtypes and their phenotypes in cancer, we used immunofluorescence
staining and microscopy. We first harvested and created frozen sections of the small bowel of both
healthy and polyposis mice and prepared serial sections using a cryostat. These slides were co-stained
with combinations of antibodies, including IL-17 and FoxP3 to verify the presence of pro-inflammatory
Tregs, CD11c and FoxP3 to verify the close proximity of resident DCs and Tregs, or CD11c and OX40L
to verify the presence of pro-inflammatory DCs. We used TissueGnostics to systematically photograph
the samples for subsequent fluorochrome analysis. Our analysis has just recently begun, and we predict
our data will suggest the close proximity of pro-inflammatory dendritic cells with pro-inflammatory Tregs
in polyposis. Our preliminary results suggest a higher frequency of co-localized IL-17 and FoxP3. Once
investigated further, the conclusion of this study would lead to a heightened understanding of the
strangely dysfunctional immune response to cancer.
57
C20
MMS21 Reduction in HCT116 Cancer Cells Results in Hypersensitivity to Camptothecin
Presenter(s)
Jacob Lahr, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Amanda Sul, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Connie Wang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Nathan Ellis, University of Illinois at Chicago
Alex Kwako, University of Illinois at Chicago
Homologous recombination (HR) is a high fidelity mechanism used to repair double strand breaks (DSB)
in DNA. The MMS21 protein is a SUMO E3 ligase protein that functions in HR. In this investigation, we
used small interfering RNA to knock down MMS21 and tested the efficiency of the HR repair pathway in
cancer cells. We treated HCT 116 colon cancer cells with the DNA damaging agent, camptothecin (CPT),
which generates DSBs. Each concentration was plated separately and cell survival was calculated by cell
colony count. The cloning efficiency at each concentration of CPT was divided by the no treatment
cloning efficiency to create a standard efficiency percentage, which was comparable between the four
trials. Preliminary analysis of the data suggests that MMS21 deficiency results in higher CPT-induced cell
death rate. Cells with reduced MMS21 exhibited 28% less colony formation efficiency than the negative
control. The lower efficiency of colony formation in cells with reduced MMS21 indicates a
hypersensitivity to DSBs generated by CPT. These data suggest that MMS21 plays an important role in
DSB repair. Further studies should test whether the hypersensitivity of cells with reduced MMS21 to CPT
is caused by a defect in HR repair.
C21
The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Regulation of MYCN in Neuroblastoma
Presenter(s)
Nolan Maloney, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Naohiko Ikegaki, University of Illinois at Chicago
Xao Tang, University of Illinois at Chicago
Neuroblastoma is a childhood cancer, and amplification of the MYCN proto-oncogene is associated with
the worst outcome of this disease. As MYCN amplification leads to its over-expression, high-level
expression of MYCN is thought to cause aggressive tumor behavior. By using Western blot analysis, we
have identified compounds (FCCP, OSU-03012 and salinomycin,) that destabilize MYCN protein in
neuroblastoma cells. Notably, ascorbic acid, an anti-oxidant, abolishes the effect of these compounds on
MYCN stability. Our recent data also suggest that a common effect of the above compounds appears to be
the inhibition of mitochondrial function. It is known that inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative
phosphorylation increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide,
hydroxyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide. Anti-oxidants are known to quench ROS. Subsequently, we
have found that forced over-expression of pVHL, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, in neuroblastoma cells results in
reduction of MYCN protein levels. Together these data suggest that the effect of the above compounds on
MYCN stability is mediated by ROS and that pVHL is potentially involved in MYCN degradation
initiated by ROS generation. This research will enhance our understanding of the functions of MYCN and
pVHL, laying groundwork for therapeutic strategies against neuroblastoma.
58
C22
Auditory, Olfactory, and Pheromone Sensing in TRPML3 Deficient Mice
Presenter(s)
Janani Mandayam Comar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Sai Parepally, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Andrew Castiglioni, Northwestern University
Jaime Garcia-Añoveros, Northwestern University
Natalie Remis, Northwestern University
TRPML3, a member of the transient receptor potential mucolipin subfamily, is an inwardly-rectifying
Ca2+-permeable cation channel. A gain-of-function mutation of this gene results in the deafness and
vestibular defects in the Varitint-waddler mouse. Consequently, it has been hypothesized that TRPML3
mediates auditory transduction. Reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction,
immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization data confirm cochlear expression and show significant
signal in the olfactory epithelium and vomeronasal organ-sensory organs responsible for auditory,
olfactory, and pheromone sensing respectively. Auditory measures and behavioral tests were used to
detect defects in hearing, pheromone-mediate behavior, and olfaction. We find no differences in overall
behavior; however, the Trpml3-/- mice fail to exhibit decreased latency to attack upon pheromone
exposure, which is observed in Trpml3+/+ counterparts. Furthermore, we find that TRPML3 is not
essential for auditory function, but hearing threshold levels suggest a subtle, frequency-independent
auditory defect. Lastly, the olfactory test showed no difference between Trpml3-/- and Trpml3+/+ mice,
indicating that Trpml3 is not essential for smell.
C23
Estrogen as an Initiator of Breast Cancer
Presenter(s)
Lydia Matthews, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Robert Chatterton, Northwestern University
Seema Khan, Northwestern University
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers among women in the United States. Endogenous
estradiol may promote breast cancer by increasing proliferation. We hypothesize that catechol estrogen
metabolites, which accumulate in the breast, are capable of bringing about errors in DNA synthesis by
oxidative stress and increase in the rate of DNA synthesis. Thus, the resulting mutations may initiate
breast cancer. The mRNA expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) will provide a measure
of the effect of the estrogens on proliferation. The relationship between estrogens and PCNA will be
adjusted statistically for the potentially opposing effects of NRF-1/2, MnSOD, BTG2, and TP53. In order
to investigate the expression patterns of these five genes between high and low-risk group of women, we
have been extracting total RNA from random fine needle aspirate specimens from the two groups, and
checking concentration and quality of eluted RNA, using the a Norgen Biotek purification lit. RNA has
been significantly degraded with RNA integrity numbers less than five. By running reverse transcriptasepolymerase
chain reaction assays, we will be able to determine if the DNA has been mutated, which
would suggest that these metabolites create errors in the DNA and that estrogen may play a role in
initiating breast cancer.
59
C24
The Effect of Ranolazine on T-Tubule Organization, Heart Disease, and Excitation-Contraction
Reactions
Presenter(s)
Thitipong Mongkolrattanothai, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Mahendra Reddy, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
James Kelly, Northwestern University
Amanda Nahhas, Northwestern University
Matthew O'Toole, Northwestern University
Andrew Wasserstrom, Northwestern University
The organizational index value states how close to perfectly straight and evenly spaced the T-tubules of a
heart muscle cell are organized. The organizational index study was based on the hypothesis that Ttubules
of a cell become less organized, and eventually disappear, as the development of heart failure
occurs. The organizational index was found through analysis of cells from a confocal microscope and the
software programs, ImageJ and MatLab. The data showed that an increase in the number of cells with low
T-tubule organization values corresponded with the progression of heart failure. A drug called ranolazine
is currently used to treat chest pain but may actually present a medical breakthrough. The effect of this
drug on the heart was studied mainly through organizational index calculations and echocardiograms.
Initial results suggest that ranolazine affects the development of heart failure by increasing the intensity of
the late sodium ion wave in the T-tubule cell. The increased intensity wave helps the heart return to its
completely relaxed state and prevents the heart from having to work harder with each excitationcontraction
cycle. In rat heart, this slows the progression of heart failure and hypertrophy, an increase in
cell size. The discoveries revealed by this study show that ranolazine could be the key to slowing or
preventing the progression of heart failure, and therefore, could be a drug which will improve
cardiovascular health in the human population.
60
C25
The Effect of Fructo-Oligosaccharide on the Growth of Bacillus coagulans Under Conditions
Similar to Those Found in the Digestive Tract
Presenter(s)
Christine Mourafetis, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Megan Schrementi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
This study focused on the effectiveness of fructo-oligosaccharide in aiding the growth of Bacillus
coagulans, an endospore-forming probiotic found in the human intestine. Previous research has shown
that fructo-oligosaccharide significantly increases the growth of other probiotics, such as various strains
of Lactobacilli, in environments similar to those found in the digestive tract, but research is lacking on
endospore-forming probiotics. The effectiveness of fructo-oligosaccharide on B. coagulans was tested by
cultivating the bacteria with and without fructo-oligosaccharide in solutions similar to intestinal juice and
measuring the bacterial concentration. The effect of fructo-oligosaccharide on the rate of spore
germination was measured by heat-treating bacterial samples with and without fructo-oligosaccharide and
measuring the bacterial concentration after the spore germination. The bacterial concentrations of all
samples were measured with a Spectrophotometer 20. In both experiments, there was positive correlation
in bacterial growth between the samples with and without fructo-oligosaccharide. Based on the results,
fructo-oligosaccharide exhibits no positive or negative effect on the growth of B. coagulans under
conditions found in the digestive tract, or on the rate of endospore germination. Though fructooligosaccharide
positively affects growth of non-endospore-forming probiotics, no effect was found on
the growth rate of B. coagulans.
C26
Vimentin is Required for Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Metastasis
Presenter(s)
Cassie Parks, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Martha Kidd, Northwestern University
Karen Ridge, Northwestern University
Vimentin, an intermediate filament that constitutes a cell's cytoskeleton, is known to be a facilitator of
cell migration. Here, the role of vimentin in non-small cell lung cancer metastasis was studied in terms of
migration and invasion. The Boyden Chamber Assay was used to measure the directional invasive
properties of cells through a porous membrane plated with Matrigel, a synthetic basement membrane.
Fetal bovine serum (10%) was used as a chemoattractant. The assay was run for 24 hours on four
different cell lines: A549, vimentin-null A549, H460, and vimentin-null H460. Western blot analysis,
however, showed that the total expression of vimentin protein was unchanged between the cell lines.
A549 cells have assembled vimentin filaments, where H460 cells have disassembled vimentin, which was
shown through immunoflourescent confocal microscopy. The rate of invasiveness was 10% in A549 cells,
0.4% in H460 cells, and 0.7% and 0.5% in vimentin-null A549 and H460 cells, respectively. These results
show that vimentin, particularly assembled vimentin, is required for cancer cell invasion and migration in
non-small cell lung carcinoma cells.
61
C27
Role of Phosphoinositide 3'-Kinase C2β in Intersectin-Mediated Signaling in Neuroblastoma
Presenter(s)
Irina Pushel, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
John O'Bryan, University of Illinois at Chicago
Intersectin is a protein centrally involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and survival, and has been
observed to play a significant role in the AKT signaling pathway. It has likewise been shown to interact
with phosphoinositide 3'-kinase class 2beta (PI3K C2β), however the question remains of whether this is
the specific PI3K involved in AKT regulation. By using shRNA to knock out PI3K C2β-expresisng genes
in neuroblastoma cells, the effects of this particular PI3K and its interaction with intersectin (ITSN) can
be studied in detail. Throughout the course of this investigation, knockout shRNA was designed and
ordered for three different PI3K oligos, then successfully cloned into the vector pSUPER, and prepared
for preliminary transfection into human embryonic 293T cells. These, together with the IMR-5
neuroblastoma cells, will be used to determine the effects of PI3K C2β and its interaction with ITSN as
well as their role in AKT signaling and cell proliferation. Experimentation will continue within these two
cell lines and in vivo expression of proteins will be monitored, as well as in vitro observation on the
effects of neuroblastoma in tumors of mice with a protein knocked out.
C28
Examining the Functionality of DNA Methyltransferase Protein DNMT3B in Myc-Driven Cancers
in Mice
Presenter(s)
Mahi Singh, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Lucy Godley, University of Chicago
Janet Lepore, University of Chicago
Aparna Vasanthakumar, University of Chicago
DNA methylation is the attachment of a methyl group to specific cytosines in the genome and is known to
be altered in cancer cells. Dnmt3b is a DNA methyltransferase, an enzyme that adds methyl groups to
DNA. It has been shown that aberrant transcription of DNMT3B is common in human cancers. When one
copy of Dnmt3b was removed from the genome of an Eμ-Myc mouse (Eμ-Myc/Dnmt3b+/-), mediastinal
lymphomas developed at a frequency of almost 100%. To understand the mechanism behind this result, it
was important to determine if removing one copy of Dnmt3b affected the functionality of the remaining
Dnmt3b allele. To determine if the remaining allele has acquired any mutations, the sequence of the intact
Dnmt3b allele from the resulting tumors was analyzed. Additionally, the DNA methylation activity was
tested by examining the methylation of repetitive elements. Both the sequence and repetitive element
methylation analyses support the conclusion that there is no difference between the catalytic activity of
Dnmt3b in the Eμ-Myc/Dnmt3b+/- and Eμ-Myc mice. This suggests that although Dnmt3b plays a
significant role in cancer formation, the observed acceleration in Eμ-Myc/Dnmt3b+/- tumors is not due to
a mutation or change in the function of the remaining allele of Dnmt3b.
62
C29
Stretch-Induced Gene Regulation
Presenter(s)
Alexandra Smick, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Karen Ridge, Northwestern University
Micah Rogel, Northwestern University
One of the functions of alveolar epithelial cells is to sustain cyclic stretch during normal breathing. When
lungs are subject to mechanical ventilation, many of the alveolar cells are unable to withstand high
volumes of stretch, leading to cell death. Certain genes may play a role in maintaining cell integrity and
signaling the apoptotic pathway. This experiment aims to determine the expression of the gene vimentin
after varying degrees of mechanical stretch of A549 and PASMC cells. Polymerase chain reaction was
first used to determine the expression of vimentin before and after stretch. Western blots were used to
determine vimentin protein concentration. The live-dead assay was used to determine cell viability during
stretch. PCR results show an increase in vimentin mRNA in stretched A549 cells. Stretch increases
vimentin protein expression in A549 cells as shown by Western blot analysis. Cells remained viable
during stretch as determined by the live-dead assay. These results demonstrate that stretch increases
vimentin gene and protein expression for cytoprotective purposes. Overall, the conclusion that vimentin
expression increases after stretch may play an important role in treating patients who are using
mechanical ventilation systems.
C30
Effect of the Expression of Histamine Receptors on Mast Cells
Presenter(s)
Andrew Ta, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Paul Bryce, Northwestern University
Julie Schweinfurth, Northwestern University
Mast cells are immune cells that, through the release of granules containing histamine, are involved in
allergic responses. Histamine mediates its effects through four receptors: histamine 1 (H1R), histamine 2
(H2R), histamine 3 (H3R), and histamine 4 receptor (H4R). Mast cells express these receptors, whose
functions remain unknown. We are questioning whether autocrine feedback might alter cell development,
growth, or function. Mast cells were generated from bone marrow of mice lacking specific receptors
(H2R, H1R/H2R) or histamine synthesis (histidine decarboxylase). These were counted and checked for
purity each week by histology (toluidine blue staining for morphology) and flow cytometry (for mast cellspecific
surface markers FcεRI, and c-Kit). RNA was also isolated and histamine receptor gene
expression was analyzed through real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The effect of
the various knockouts was compared to wild type mast cells with normal histamine receptor expression.
Initial studies demonstrated that mast cells were able to develop in the absence of the histamine receptors,
suggesting these were not necessary for mast cell development. However, variable numbers of mast cells
were observed. Currently, further experiments on mast cells are ongoing to repeat this and to explore the
effects on mast cell growth rate and function.
63
C31
Investigating Inducible Resistance Observed in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains from Cystic
Fibrosis Patients
Presenter(s)
Aaditya Tolappa, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Bill Kabat, Children's Memorial Research Center
Recent experiments suggested that resistance to certain antibiotics in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is linked
with the over-expression of efflux pump proteins mexA, mexC, mexE, and mexX, of β-lactamase ampC,
and the under-expression of porin oprD. Inducible resistance was observed in Kirby-Bauer assays
inoculated with P. aeruginosa strains from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, between aztreonam and three
carbapenems: imipenem, ertapenem, and miropenem. DNA was extracted from fourteen experimental
strains of P. aeruginosa from CF patients and two control strains using QIAGEN QIAamp kit.
Polymerase chain reaction was conducted on three experimental and two control strains. Preliminary
results revealed that one strain clearly expressed mexX, while the other two and the controls did not.
Additionally, one of the controls clearly expressed mexC, while none of the others did. That control also
appeared to express oprD more prevalently than the other four. Two experimental strains and one control
appeared to express mexE more prominently than did the remaining two isolates. At this time, no
conclusions can be drawn, as PCR procedures so far have yielded ambiguous amplified products that may
have been primer dimers. If the mechanism of inducible resistance is confirmed, it may indicate resistance
gene expression that may have treatment implications for CF patients.
C32
The Importance of Accelerated Cell Death 2 in the Mitochondria and Chloroplasts of Arabidopsis
Presenter(s)
Risun Udawatta, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Gopal Pattanayak, University of Chicago
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a physiological cell death process involved in the selective purging of
cells. PCD occurs due to extreme stress from the environment, which includes loss of nutrients, increased
sunlight, and diseases. In the plant, Arabidopsis, accelerated cell death 2 (ACD2) modulates PCD. When
ACD2 was not present, Arabidopsis was found to have a much shorter lifespan due to an increase of
PCD, and when ACD2 was hyperactive, the plant had a much longer lifespan and little or no PCD. At a
microscopic level, ACD2 localizes to the mitochondria and chloroplast. In order to find whether acd2 is
more important in the mitochondria and chloroplast, two transgenic plants were created - mitochondriatargeted
Arabidopsis and chloroplast-targeted Arabidopsis. Our research so far points towards acd2 being
more important in chloroplasts than mitochondria. Qualitatively, more plant death can be seen in the
mitochondria targeted plants.
64
C33
Role of TLR4 in Profibrotic TGF-ß Signal Transduction in Fibrosis
Presenter(s)
Sumana Vardhan, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Swati Bhattacharyya, Northwestern University
John Varga, Northwestern University
Systemic sclerosis (SSc), a potentially fatal disease of unknown cause, is characterized by fibrosis with
collagenous scar tissue formation in the skin and lungs. The primary collagen-producing cells are
activated by a ubiquitous cytokine transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß), showing that TGF-ß plays a
prominent role in the pathogenesis of SSc. Recent data also show that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)
expression was found to be elevated in SSc patients' skin tissue. This project aims to delineate the role of
TLR4 in TGF-β signaling and skin fibrosis, using real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting. We
found that TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide synergistically enhanced TGF-ß mediated collagen protein
and mRNA production, and stimulated fibroblasts differentiation to myofibroblasts, which also produce
collagen. TLR4 inhibitor, CLI095, blocked collagen stimulation and myofibroblast differentiation.
Moreover, TLR4 mutant mice lacking functional TLR4 produced less collagen. These results suggest the
importance of the role of TLR4 in TGF-ß mediated profibrotic responses. Therefore, blocking TLR4
expression or biological activity using the TLR4 inhibitor CLI095 appears to be a potential strategy to
control pathological fibrogenesis.
C34
Identifying the Isoforms of Adenylyl Cyclase in Alveolar Epithelial Cells of Rattus norvegicus and
Homo sapiens by Polymerase Chain Reaction
Presenter(s)
Sonam Vyas, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Emilia Lecuona, Northwestern University
Humberto Trejo, Northwestern University
Christine Vohwinkel, Northwestern University
Lung edema is caused when too much fluid is present in the lungs. Recent research shows that the second
messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) can be used in the treatment of lung edema. cAMP
is produced by the enzyme adenylyl cyclase (AC). We propose that by identifying which isoforms of AC
are present in the lung cells, a treatment for lung edema can be developed. Human lung cells from the
A549 line and rat lung cells were used. First mRNA was isolated by using an RNeasy kit. The mRNA
was converted into cDNA using the enzyme reverse transcriptase. cDNA was amplified by PCR by the
use of specific primers for each AC isoform. Lastly, results were analyzed by gel electrophoresis. The
results show that the A549 cells expressed isoforms 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 (version 2). The results also show
that rat cells expressed isoforms 2, 6 (version 2), and 7. Other results are pending. These findings can
potentially lead to a future treatment for lung-related problems such as lung edema.
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C35
Variations in Characteristics of Ginkgo biloba Leaf Litter and Implications
Presenter(s)
Kelly Wallin, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Kevin Boyce, University of Chicago
Previous research has demonstrated that variations in the height of Ginkgo biloba trees are translated into
differences in various characteristics of their leaves. This experiment investigated the relationship
between tree height and three properties of leaves: vein density, distal perimeter, and the number of vein
endings. Leaves were collected from two distinct groups of trees; the first included young and small but
rapidly growing trees, and the other a single ancient and stable large specimen. Shed leaves were
collected from the ground in autumn, mimicking the fossil record. Analysis of the gathered data revealed
that the young trees possessed larger leaves with more vein endings and a lower vein density. This
suggests that the small trees have an overbuilt xylem system providing more water to each growing leaf.
Furthermore, the morphologically distinct leaves of actively growing branches are much more common
on the small rapidly growing trees than in the large tree. The variations in these characteristics suggest
that when looking at leaf fossils of Ginkgo and other plants of similar habit, large and small individuals
and overall vegetation type may be distinguishable with an adequate sample size.
C36
The Effect of Smallpox Vaccine-Elicited CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg Cells Expansion and Massive
Accumulation in Infected Tissues and Treg Cell's Role in Immune Homeostasis Against Tissues
Destruction
Presenter(s)
Xun Ming (Jenny) Wang, Northwestern University
Advisor(s)
Wei Chen, University of Illinois at Chicago
Developed and found in the thymus and peripheral lymphoid tissue, natural CD4+CD25+ Foxp3 T
regulatory cells (Treg) typically have the function of regulating the immune homeostasis and maintaining
self tolerance. Recent studies have raised the possibility that Treg cells may be manipulated, either by
increasing Treg numbers or enhancing their suppressive function, for treating autoimmune diseases. I
helped to conduct tests such as immunofluorescent staining, one-color and two-color
immunohistochemistry staining, and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Flow cytometric analysis
showed that there were higher number of Treg cells present in Dryvax-vaccinated (test) group than salinevaccinated
(control) group. Results from the immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry showed
that Treg cells were present in the lymph nodes of the test samples, but absent in those of the control
group. Results from the HE staining showed much damage in the tissue of the control group, while the
tissue from the Dryvax-vaccinated group remained relatively normal. In conclusion, the results show that
Treg cells may possess the ability to enhance the immune system. However, further research must be
conducted to confirm that this is true.
66
C37
The Effect of Silver Ion on Sewage Treatment Bacteria
Presenter(s)
Jordan Williams, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Mark Carlson, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Megan Schrementi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
The commercial and consumer use of silver in nanoparticle and ionic form has increased in recent years
due to its strong antimicrobial properties. This can potentially lead to an increase in the amount of silver
runoff which can end up in municipal waste water treatment facilities. Consequently, this runoff can
affect the bacteria that are used to treat sewage. To analyze this, bacteria were extracted from a drain
build-up remover, grown up in pure culture, and identified using standard biochemical tests. Using these
bacteria, a growth curve was generated to find the effect of silver ion on them. Three flasks were prepared
with media and identified bacteria. Silver nitrate was added to one flask and sodium nitrate was added to
another. Since media already contains sodium, the nitrate in sodium nitrate served as a control for the
nitrate in silver nitrate. Preliminary data showed that silver ion does inhibit bacterial growth. Future
experiments will further quantify the effect of silver ion on the bacteria used in this experiment and
provide a minimal inhibitor concentration value which may in turn impact the waste water industry.
C38
The Effects of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate on the Apoptosis of HT-29 Colorectal Cancer Cells
Presenter(s)
Diana Xu, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Donald Dosch, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a potent antioxidant found in green tea. Antioxidants protect cells
from substances which can induce cancer and cause other diseases. EGCG was introduced to cultures of
HT-29 colorectal cells. The EGCG dosage effect on HT-29 cell growth was determined using
concentrations ranging from 0.05 mM to 0.40 mM. The resulting concentration curve consists of EGCG
at 0.06 mM, 0.12 mM, and 0.30 mM. These cultures were observed for apoptosis and changes in growth.
Western blots are used to find the presence of apoptotic proteins in cells of each concentration. These
apoptotic proteins include c-Jun and caspase-3. Cells were observed for the presence of actin in order to
normalize the cell samples. In general, greater concentrations of EGCG demonstrated less cell growth.
The amount of actin present in each of the concentrations was similar. Currently, Western blots are being
prepared to test for caspase-3 and c-Jun in cells of each of the different concentrations. Natural anticancer
ingredients are significant to cancer research because they do not have as many harmful side
effects as chemotherapy. It would be optimal to find natural anticancer ingredients which fight cancer
aggressively without dangerous side effects.
67
C39
Comparative Morphology of Lepidotrichia in Pectoral Fins Among Basal Actinopterygians
Presenter(s)
Karthik Yarlagadda, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Neil Shubin, University of Chicago
Natalia Taft, University of Chicago
The Actinopterygii, or ray-finned fishes, is the most speciose group of vertebrates with significant
diversity in morphology and behavior. This group is named for the bony fin rays (lepidotrichia) that
support the fins, yet we know very little about these structures. Understanding the morphology of the
lepidotrichia is important because it defines the relative stiffness and flexibility of the fin. The goal of this
study is to examine the morphological variation of lepidotrichia in four species at the base of the
Actinopterygian evolutionary tree. Previous studies have identified three characters that contribute to fin
ray function: the presence or absence of joints, the shape of the lepidotrichia in cross section, and the
presence or absence of distal branching. AMIRA, a software platform, was used to identify and describe
these characters from a computerized tomography scan of a fin from each species: Amia calva, Acipenser
brevirostrum, Lepisosteus osseus, and Polypterus senegalus. So far, one scan has been completely
measured, and the other three are in the process of being measured. We expect that these results will show
that there is a morphological difference between the lengths of the lepidotrichia among these fish.
C40
Identifying Differences Between Normal and Cancerous Stem Cells
Presenter(s)
Candice Yi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Morris Kletzel, Northwestern University
Marie Olszewski, Northwestern University
Stem cells can differentiate into a variety of cells in our bodies and are capable of self-renewal and
proliferation. However, if their growth or proliferation goes unchecked, they may become cancer stem
cells and can cause tumors to return even after chemotherapy treatment. It is unclear how to differentiate
between a cancerous and a normal stem cell, partially because they have more similarities than
differences and because there are no specific markers to identify each. In this study, normal and cancerous
cells were cultured to determine whether they contained stem cells and to identify characteristics that
differed between them. The cells were grown on culture plates and proliferation was observed over an
extended period of time. It was found that the cancerous cells proliferated more compared to the normal
cells. In some weeks, the cell count for cancer cells doubled, whereas the normal's was halved. This stark
difference in growth is a characteristic that sets the cells apart and is also typical of cancer cells -
uncontrolled proliferation. Other characteristics, such as gene expression markers, could be compared for
further differences. The cell samples obtained from the plating experiments can be used for further testing
to show such differences and characteristics of the two cells.
68
D01
The Correlation Between Start-Up Fund, Product Type, and Monetary Success in Small Businesses
Presenter(s)
Naomi Liu, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Si Si, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
David Winkin, Illinois Institute of Technology
Two factors that contribute to the success or failure of a new business are start-up funding and product
type. We looked to determine the correlation between start-up fund, product type, and success in small
businesses by interviewing professionals in various aspects of entrepreneurship, as well as conducting
research on online databases such as Business Source Premier and the Kauffman Foundation website
which contained surveys and qualitative data concerning the success of small businesses. Based on our
interviews, it seems that there are benefits and drawbacks to different kinds of funding. There are no
financial repercussions when receiving venture capitalist funding; however, they expect a greater return
on their contribution than a bank loan. Angel investors too, do not have any repercussions if their
investment fails. However, both venture capitalist and angel funding is difficult to obtain. Consequently,
many businesses often start off with funding from their savings or family contributions. We also found
that most successful businesses currently sell products that are involved in the field of software, because
these products are scalable and grow sales quickly. It seems that receiving funding from venture
capitalists and having a technology-related product are two characteristics that are often found in
successful businesses.
D02
How Power and Status Influence Reactions to Breaches of Trust
Presenter(s)
Jay Patel, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Vivek Thakkar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Nathan Yan, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Keith Murnighan, Northwestern University
Hetal Patel, Northwestern University
The study of organizational behavior largely involves examining interpersonal interactions, a major
component of which is trust. It is believed that parties may be dissimilar on dimensions, such as power
and status, which could affect their reactions to breaches of trust. In light of this, this study utilizes a
variation of the Prisoner's Dilemma game, administered to students across the IMSA campus, in order to
uncover what determines reactions to breaches of trust and how reactions differ when competing against
individuals of varying power and status. In this specific variation, each participant is given the option to
compete or comply with an opponent of differing power and status for a series of twenty rounds. In order
to quantify responses to breaches of trust, the "opponent" is a predetermined program with set orders to
compete at two specific rounds and comply for the rest. It is expected that individuals with higher power
and lesser status, relative to the individual partaking in the simulation, will receive more backlash than
other opponents.
69
D03
The Profitability of Private Equity
Presenter(s)
Glen Richardson, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Darrell Williams, Loop Capital
In the financial world, money managers invest the money of their clients, manage those investments on
behalf of their clients, and liquidate those investments at the appropriate time in order to give those clients
attractive financial returns. There are many money managers within the different asset classes. One of the
main asset classes is "alternative" investments; typically investments made in this class are in private
entities, as opposed to publicly traded stocks and bonds. Within the alternative class, money managers
specialize in real estate, venture capital, private equity, private debt, and other sub-classes. The purpose of
this investigation is to examine why private equity is often considered to be one of the best investment
choices. On the macro level, private equity has proven to be the best investment option when compared to
other major equities. On the micro level, there are a variety of investment strategies that have proven to be
successful. Overall, this study takes an in-depth look at some of the key aspects of private equity.
E01
The Healthiest Drink: Determining Antioxidant Content of Beverages
Presenter(s)
Matthew Kleinjan, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Anita White, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
In numerous studies, antioxidants have been found to give significant health benefits when consumed.
Antioxidants help to neutralize free radicals, which damage cells in the body and can lead to heart
disease, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. Today many beverages advertise that they contain
antioxidants, but which beverage contains the greatest amount? To investigate, I analyzed the antioxidant
content of a variety of beverages. Total phenolic content and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)
were measured in each beverage using a microplate procedure. Preliminary analysis of twelve beverages,
including fruit juices, fruit smoothies, flavored waters, and sports drinks, indicate that pomegranate juice
has the highest antioxidant content with a phenolic content of 14.28 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g of
beverage and 3.01 mmol Fe2 iron reducing equivalents/100 g of drink. In general, fruit juices and
antioxidant branded flavored waters contained the highest amounts of antioxidants while sports drinks
contained almost no antioxidants. My initial findings suggest that pomegranate juice will provide the
greatest health benefit when consumed due to its high levels of antioxidants.
70
E02
Density Functional Theory Study of the Influence of VOx Promotion on the Mechanism of Alcohol
Synthesis on Rhodium Catalysts
Presenter(s)
Mingyang (Jennifer) Li, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Randall Meyer, University of Illinois at Chicago
Rhodium heterogeneous catalysts have been found to display the ability to catalyze alcohol synthesis
from syngas. Understanding the reaction at a molecular level is vital in the process of developing
improved catalysts with higher selectivity to higher alcohols. In this study, calculations using density
functional theory (DFT) have been carried out in order to investigate the efficacy of vanadium oxide
promoted rhodium (Rh) catalyst for alcohol synthesis. Our study focused on two steps in the synthesis
process: CO bond cleavage and carbon insertion, which have previously been identified by Liu and Choi.
We have calculated the thermodynamics for adsorption of different molecules/intermediates atop the
catalyst surface, including CH2O, CH3O, HCO, and COH groups in order to gain insight into the
mechanics of these two important steps. The results show that the carbon insertion step may be more
favorable through formaldehyde rather than through methoxy, contrary to previous claims made by Liu
and Choi. The study will determine why the promotion of vanadium oxide on the Rh (111) complex has a
positive effect on the synthesis of alcohol.
E03
Effects of Molecular and Macroscopic Surface Modification on Wetting
Presenter(s)
Pan Luo, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Gaby Avila-Bront, University of Chicago
Steve Sibener, University of Chicago
Surface wetting is an emerging field that studies the interfacial relationships between liquids and their
solid substrates. It is determined by the properties of the solid surfaces, including their structure,
composition, and functional groups, among other factors. The polymer primarily involved in this study
was poly(styrene-block-methyl methacrylate) [PS-b-PMMA], a diblock copolymer, along with irradiated
PS-b-PMMA. The most notable difference between the two are the empty PMMA domains in the
photomodified version, which were removed upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation. This causes a larger
discrepancy between the heights of the polystyrene domains, resulting in higher corrugation in the
irradiated PS-b-PMMA. PS-b-PMMA was also modified by depositing PbS nanoparticles in order to
examine any change in wettability resulting from a macroscopic modification. Different types of selfassembled
monolayers on gold substrates were studied to observe the effects of molecular modification
on wetting. Atomic force microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy were then used to investigate
the various samples' surface morphologies at a microscopic and molecular level. After measuring the
contact angles formed between a droplet of water and the polymer surfaces, it was found that PS-b-
PMMA yielded angles around 100° and irradiated PS-b-PMMA resulted in contact angles greater than
100°.
71
E04
A Greener Catalyst for Biodiesel Synthesis
Presenter(s)
Elizabeth Ott, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Justin Notestein, Northwestern University
Recently, the demand for biodiesel has grown because of its non-petroleum origins and the ability to use
domestic soy oil, yet the cost and environmental impact of its synthesis remain areas of concern for
commercial use. Two inexpensive solid catalysts, heat-treated eggshell and 1% titanium oxide on silicate,
were used instead of typical sodium methoxide or potassium methoxide soluble catalysts. In small vial
reactors, the variables of time, temperature, catalyst weight loading, methanol to soybean oil ratio, and
method of mixing were examined. Conversion was measured by changes in refractive index. Conversion
increased approximately linearly with time, which may indicate either a zero-order or first-order reaction
mechanism; insufficient data was collected to discriminate models. At 65˚C, the conditions that yielded
the highest conversion were 6:1 methanol:oil, and 9 weight percent catalyst loading. Increasing
temperature to 100˚C was found to be the most effective parameter in increasing biodiesel yield. The data
does suggest that this system performs well with these solid catalysts, but the catalyst identity was less
important. By using these more naturally occurring solid catalysts, the cost and environmental impact of
biodiesel synthesis can be effectively reduced, because using a solid catalyst significantly lessens the
amount of waste produced.
F01
Heuristic Analysis in Python Programming: Creating a Chess Engine
Presenter(s)
Jason Chien, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Konrad Wrobel, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Mark Hoemmen, Sandia National Laboratory
Namrata Pandya, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Phadmakar Patankar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Chess has been a battleground between man and machine. It is a game with simple rules but an
unfathomable number of possibilities; perfect criteria for artificial intelligence programming. This
investigation focuses on understanding the mechanisms chess engines use to select their moves accurately
and efficiently. The Python language was used to program an original engine. First, an interface was
created to allow the engine to communicate with a human. It is a standard chessboard layout with all the
rules of chess incorporated. Then the engine was programmed to employ a minimax function which lets it
analyze a few moves ahead to a terminal position. From there, it works its way backwards, selecting what
it considers the best possible moves by both players along the way. It determines which moves are the
best through a heuristics system. Moves which lead to better positions are given more points and the
move with the highest points is played. This investigation's ultimate goal is to program the engine to be
able to change heuristic values by itself.
72
F02
The Digital Detriment: Aspects of Computer Illiteracy
Presenter(s)
Samuel Haile, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Namrata Pandya, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Computers affect people's lives in several ways, from being used in school or the workforce, to personal
use at home or while traveling. During my investigation, I researched the effects of computer literacy on
the economic, technological, and social aspects of people's lives. I reviewed articles and data pertaining to
how computers used in the workforce affected people's financial status. I also researched the Global
Competitiveness Index (GCI) which measures how innovation in computers and technology affect
countries' economies. In the United States, the results show that those who are computer literate and use
computers at their job make higher salaries compared to those who are computer illiterate; this effect
extends to the international level, where countries with highly innovative and technological labor forces
have a much more successful economy. The positive effects are also present on a social level. In the
public school system, schools that have computers available to students have a higher average graduation
rate than those which do not have computers. As computers become ubiquitous and more powerful, their
impacts on education, society, personal lives, and business will continue to grow. The results from the
GCI show that being able to capably use a computer provides a significant competitive advantage in
today's society.
F03
Inquiry into the Applications of Computing, Web Access, and Mobile Device Integration in the
Automotive Environment
Presenter(s)
Shantanu Jain, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
James Gerry, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
In-car technology has consistently been behind that of mobile devices. Recent powerful mobile devices
such as the Motorola Droid and the iPhone have allowed users constant internet access and a platform on
which to run mobile applications, but the driver has been unable to benefit from these innovations. The
driver remains unable to access information, communications, and entertainment with the ease and
flexibility of a mobile device user. The investigation initially focused on implementing the hardware and
software in a prototype. The investigator proposed a hardware configuration that addressed the issues of
idle-time power consumption, startup and shutdown control, user interface flexibility, and multi-zone
media capabilities. For software, development began on a plug-in for the OpenMobile platform that
linked the navigation software to the user interface. However, after extensive software testing and
exhaustive diagramming and analysis of the flow of data in an automobile's context, it was found that a
cloud-based application platform comprehensively addressed the issues faced in automotive-computing.
This solution leverages rich internet applications such as Pandora and Google Maps to deliver content incar.
By unlocking data from the car and allowing developers to leverage it in their software, this idea
could allow for a new wave of innovation in automotive computing.
73
F04
A Statistical Model for Analyzing Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride-Stained Myocardial Infarcts
Presenter(s)
Nilesh Kavthekar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Ted Li, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Joseph Wang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Shu Q. Liu, Northwestern University
Measuring the ratio between infarcted and intact myocardium is an essential procedure for evaluating the
progression of myocardial infarction. In current research, myocardial infarction is commonly evaluated by
using a hand-tracing method. However, such an approach does not provide accurate and reproducible
measurements because of intra- and inter-observer errors. In this investigation, we developed a
computerized statistical model and a MATLAB language-based program that can be used to measure
myocardial infarcts accurately and reproducibly. The MATLAB language-based program was used to
analyze images of triphenyltetrazolium chloride- (TTC) stained myocardial tissue cross-sections and to
statistically define intact and necrotic tissue based on pixel red/green/blue values in order to estimate the
percentage of the infarcted tissue. Preliminary results suggest that the statistical model determines the
ratio with a higher degree of consistency than the traditional, hand-tracing method. Potential implications
of this study may be widespread use of the statistical model to quantify infarct characteristics, rather than
hand-based methods. This can be significant for research, in which measurements can be made more
accurately, consistently, and reproducibly. The effects of certain stimuli on myocardial infarct
development can be quantified with more certainty.
F05
Fooling the Hacker: A Study of Honeypots
Presenter(s)
Derrick Miller, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
James Gerry, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
With computer exploitation and hacking becoming more prevalent, new techniques must be devised to
gain information on not only the attacks, but the hackers themselves. For this reason, machines explicitly
made to get hacked and log information, known as honeypots, have seen a rise in interest. However, due
to possible legal and security ramifications, honeypots are a touchy subject in the area of computer
security. This investigation follows the creation of a low-level interaction honeypot while determining
what kinds of meaningful data can be safely extracted from an attack. At the same time, all difficulties
and challenges are noted. Using the "honeyd" honeypot program, test servers have been set up on IMSA's
Advanced Computing Association sub-network so they can log any attacks that occur. The entire process
of the honeypot's creation has been documented in detail. In addition, data such as the attacked service,
the attacker's operating system, and even the attacker's top level domain has been able to be gathered
safely. Through the work of this investigation, more comprehensive documentation for the creation and
ethical use of honeypots can be made. With such documentation, honeypots could be seen as a safe and
legitimate tool in the area of network security.
74
F06
A Look into How to Make the World More Efficient Through Databases
Presenter(s)
Angus Nelson, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Namrata Pandya, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Phadmakar Patankar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Databases can be used for organizing and tracking data that can assist a business in its daily operations.
They are meant to be structured and used in a certain fashion. They are almost entirely different from
spreadsheets, although they do look similar. The project consisted of creating a database that would be
easily adaptable to any company that sells a product. Although this database could be modified to meet
any company's needs, I specifically designed one that would tailor to a food catering company similar to
Sodexo. The database was modeled directly after the essential things that they have to track: their
employees, their suppliers, their products, their customers, and their profit. The main aspects of this
investigation revolve around the data that can be quantized; for example keeping track of employee wages
and weekly food supplies. Through research and examining other databases, an ideal structure of a
database was constructed that prevents many common errors such as redundant data and unnecessary
tables. This is important because it means that a user can find the necessary information quickly without
having to browse through useless data, thus making a company more efficient and profitable.
F07
Three-Dimensional Landscape Generation and Erosion Simulation with Java
Presenter(s)
Gregary Pergrossi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Zachary Pergrossi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Namrata Pandya, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Phadmakar Patankar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Game and graphics technology advances all the time, generating new methods to carry out new tasks. In
the computer graphics industry, software-generated environments are used in game worlds and
simulations as a tool to quickly finish hours of tedious work that used to be done by hand. In order to gain
further understanding of how this type of software works, we have programmed a three-dimensional
terrain generator with Java using a Perlin noise weighted random function and a fluid simulation method
we developed. Our generator begins by calculating a land surface using a two-dimensional Perlin noise
function and then simulates erosion to smooth and carve it. Through trial and error, extensive
programming, and research, we have produced a finished graphical application that generates and
displays water and pseudo-random terrain while allowing the user to explore outward in a large area. Our
program is capable of generating a wide variety of software landscapes that demonstrate the advantages
of this common industry technique. Throughout our research we have learned a tremendous amount about
computer programming and software graphics; the result being our finished application.
75
F08
Designing Game Design
Presenter(s)
Kevin Wang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jason Leigh, University of Illinois at Chicago
Due to the growth of the video game industry, it has been increasingly difficult to develop games that
meet the standards of today's gamers. The aim of this study is to understand how to simplify game
development by designing an environment for creating games. This project, Gravity Game Studio,
involved designing a low-level framework that interprets a tree of commands into code and then compiles
the code into an application. This framework was then coupled with a graphical user interface written in
C# that the user can use to design their application visually instead of programmatically. The software
incorporates a visual designer that translates actions into code, making it easier and faster to translate
ideas into application. Since Gravity Game Studio is based on such a low-level system, it allows for
flexible functionality within the usage and hierarchy of the application. This study yielded software that
simplified and sped up the game creation process through the visual editor while maintaining the
flexibility of creating a game from scratch through the low-level framework. This led to the discovery of
new ways to aid in production and will continue to do so throughout the development of this software.
G01
Cost-Benefit Analysis and Evaluation of Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
Certification
Presenter(s)
Paul Cladek, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Stephen Berry, University of Chicago
Theodore Steck, University of Chicago
Despite improvements in efficiency, growing energy needs worldwide has driven the increasing reliance
on non-sustainable international resources; in particular fossil fuels and water. The U.S. Green Building
Council, a non-profit organization of professionals in the building industry, has implemented the
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification system in order to encourage
environmentally-friendly (green) building design in both residential and commercial sectors. I have
undertaken a critique of the LEED program, its present effectiveness, and prospects for the near future.
Through a cost benefit analysis and qualitative study of the policy surrounding green construction
practices, I determined a set of parameters which show where a LEED certification delivers triple market
bottom-line gains. That is, circumstances under which LEED certification promotes environmental,
social, and (most importantly for the program's growth) financial advances. My study identifies
conditions under which LEED green building certification is a prudent and, often times, strong
investment. My results indicate that the growth seen in the LEED program advances an emerging green
building revolution that will cause dramatic shifts in building industry practices. It would seem to be in
the interest of today's building professionals to consider the implications of this emerging paradigm.
76
G02
The Gulf Oil Spill and Its Effects on the Global Economy
Presenter(s)
Caitlyn Collett, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Samuel Weitekamp, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Robert Kiely, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
After researching the oil industry and environmental cleanup, including studying about the history of the
oil industry, oil spill cleanup, oil rig technology, macroeconomic effects, and how geopolitics affect the
oil industry, the study focused on studying how the Gulf of Mexico oil spill effected the geopolitical view
on the oil industry and how life in the United States could change as a result. Through research, the study
found that domestically, most of the changes were reforms of the oil industry in the United States. These
reforms included safety on the rigs, making it so that check-ups on important equipment are more
frequent and environmental reforms so that the effects could be mitigated in the future. This angle showed
how far behind technologies for cleaning up afterwards are behind drilling technologies and how the
moratorium on deepwater Gulf oil could be detrimental because of domestic oil's importance for the U.S.
Geopolitically, the study focused on how the spill changed the perception of other current events like the
wars for democracy erupting throughout Africa. Ultimately the question became whether or not this
disaster can fundamentally change the world's view of oil. In retrospect, the conclusion was that this
disaster had little effect on the perception of oil globally or domestically.
G03
Effects of the 9/11 Attacks on the Insurance Industry
Presenter(s)
Inga Gurevich, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Krzysztof Ostaszeski, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Richard Stalmack, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
On September 11th, 2001 the World Trade Centers in New York collapsed as a result of a terrorist attack
and caused an estimated 40.2 billion dollars in insured losses. My study aimed to see how individual
sectors of the insurance industry were impacted. Most claims came from the following insurance sectors:
personal property, commercial property, business interruption, workers compensation, personal auto, and
commercial auto. To estimate the price changes for the different types of insurance, the Producer Price
Index (PPI) was used. Economic strength was estimated by the US gross domestic product, consumer
confidence index, interest index, investment in bonds index, and the US Dollar Index. The PPI data
showed those insurance types that directly suffered claims due to 9/11 and the ones that were unrelated to
9/11 all followed a similar trend from 1998 to 2005. The biggest rise in prices was between 2001 and
2003. The consumer confidence index, interest index, and the stock market index were all inversely
related to the insurance prices. The only direct result that the catastrophe had on the insurance industry
was the creation of the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act; otherwise it was an indirect influence through the
economy. My results conclude that all sectors of the industry fluctuated in a very similar pattern, even the
ones not affected by the attack.
77
G04
Growth of the Chinese Futures Markets
Presenter(s)
Joseph Hecker, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Doug Adams, Aardvark Trading
When the People's Republic of China first attempted to utilize futures contracts, they experienced many
challenges. However, as the Chinese government and citizens continue to learn from these problems, the
Chinese futures markets have undergone tremendous growth. The purpose of my investigation was to
discover the growth factors of the Chinese futures and financial markets in general, and I observed my
advisor's company as it looked to establish an office in China. My research also involved literary review
and discussions with my advisor on a regular basis. I discovered that commodity consumption in China is
massive, demanding risk management in case the commodities were to ever be negatively affected. The
government would like the markets to increase price transparency, as well as decrease prices in general.
By 2020, China plans for Shanghai to economically rival New York City and London. However, this bold
move calls for the Yuan to be deregulated, in the hope that it will become a global reserve currency in the
future. The current growth path of the Chinese futures markets can provide a success recipe for countries
in economic distress, as well as affect the future of foreign investment in China.
G05
The Role of the Federal Reserve Bank During the 2007 Recession
Presenter(s)
Zeno Jeong, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Lee Eysturlid, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Charles Steele, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
In 2010, the U.S. government formally announced that the aftershock of the 2007-08 financial crisis was
over. During the three years of recession, not only was the U.S. economy damaged, but countries around
the world were similarly affected. The chairman of the Federal Reserve Bank, Ben Bernanke,
implemented numerous monetary policies in order to alleviate the effects of the crisis. The Federal
Reserve's monetary policies were supported by expansionary fiscal policies. By looking at the dates when
the monetary and fiscal policies were implemented and effects on measures such as gross domestic
product, inflation, and unemployment rates, we can evaluate the effectiveness of the policies. So far, we
have studied the pros and cons of the monetary policy and how it works in tandem with fiscal policy.
Also, we found raw data from the websites of the International Monetary Fund and the Federal Reserve
Bank of Chicago. However, we need to learn more about how monetary and fiscal policy work. By
analyzing and evaluating the results of the monetary and fiscal policies used, we can draw implications
and suggest which policies work and which do not for an economy facing recession.
78
G06
High-Tech Industries and the Quality of Life: An Investigation of Chinese Cities
Presenter(s)
Harley Wang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Richard Stalmack, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
This study investigates the correlation and possible relationship between the quality of life and high-tech
industrial sectors present in the Chinese cities of Tianjin, Beijing, and Shanghai; Hainan was selected as a
control city. China's recent economic success has implicated a change in the development of country.
Numerical data was retrieved from the National Bureau of Statistics of China, and scholarly articles were
found at various online sources. The statistics of GDP, healthcare, education, and per capita annual
income are compared against the establishment of high-tech industries, and a correlation can be drafted
and observed. The results of analysis have shown that there is a positive correlation observed between the
independent variable and each dependent one. The correlations, however, were not relatively consistently
high for the test cities in the areas of education and GDP. There was no correlation between the number of
enterprises and healthcare or education for any of the test cities; however the correlation of the control
was relatively high. Based on other investigations, this study is mapping a definite relationship between
the factors involved. The test results also shed light upon the relevance of people's livelihoods to
economic development.
H01
Multisensory Versus One-Modality Instruction in Bilingual Education with a Focus on Elementary-
Aged Spanish Speakers
Presenter(s)
Sonia Bajaj, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Cherie Esposito, McCleery Elementary School
Jose Palos, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Manuel Perez, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Aracelys Rios, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Previous studies indicate that English as a Second Language (ESL) elementary students benefit from
being literate in their native language before learning English. Consequently, the bilingual classes at
McCleery Elementary teach reading and writing in Spanish before introducing English. This study
compares the effectiveness of two teaching methods in the bilingual classroom: One-modality versus
multisensory. In this study, first and second grade students were asked to spell Spanish words after being
taught by either of the two methods. Spelling tests were administered and scores were collected for each
child. Students' results were compared with their method of instruction. Preliminary results suggest the
multisensory method is more effective in teaching Spanish spelling words to bilingual, elementary
students. This is significant because it may enhance bilingual teachers' effectiveness in the classroom.
79
H02
Transgender Policies in High Schools
Presenter(s)
Ayse Cetinkaya, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Daniel Gleason, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Schools function primarily to educate students by providing a safe and hospitable environment conducive
to learning. However, flaws can be found in policies and structures of schools, especially regarding less
well-known issues such as transgender youth. Although schools have an obligation to all students,
regardless of gender expression, most schools lack a specific plan of action regarding transgender
students. Transgender policies specifically in place in high schools were compiled and analyzed for
general themes and overlaps. Organizations experienced with transgender youth were contacted for
specific advice for experience with successful and unsuccessful policies. Using this information, policy
recommendations were made. Transgender rights are a growing movement and must be acknowledged as
a legitimate concern for schools. Ideal policies would stress a choice for the student through equal access
to facilities and activities regardless of assigned gender. The importance of strict anti-harassment and
assault guidelines must be supplemented with staff training and potential student seminars on gender
variance. Transgender individuals cannot be ignored when constructing school policies and as required by
law to protect all students, schools must include facilities, programs, and consequences specifically
geared towards transgender students and transgender violence to ensure the safety and comfort of all
students.
H03
The Effect of Resident Physician Education on Patient Safety
Presenter(s)
Wen Li Chen, University of Illinois at Chicago
Advisor(s)
David Mayer, University of Illinois at Chicago
In 2006, the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) implemented an online reporting system that tracked
adverse events, near misses, and unsafe conditions in order to better understand medical error occurrences
in hopes of improving patient safety. Of the fifteen-hundred reports filed in 2006 to 2008, none of the
reports came from resident physicians. As a response, in 2008, UIC educated resident physicians on
patient safety and reporting. This investigation examined the effect of educational intervention on the
utilization of the online medical resident reporting system by monitoring the number of reports that
resident physicians filed and examining medical scenarios. On average, resident physicians filed twentyfive
reports per quarter during the patient safety course from the first quarter of the 2009 fiscal year to the
fourth quarter of the 2009 fiscal year. After the patient safety course, resident physicians filed an average
of 115 reports per quarter from the first quarter of the 2010 fiscal year to the second quarter of the 2011
fiscal year. In addition, resident physicians were actively reporting which led to changes in hospital
personnel protocol. The increase in the number of reports filed by resident physicians and protocol
changes suggest that education is a valuable tool that promotes patient safety.
80
H04
A Study Aimed at Enhancing Students' Understanding of Newton's Three Laws
Presenter(s)
Grace Choi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Linda Brazdil, Northwestern University
The aim of this inquiry is to develop methods to enhance Chicago Public High School students' learning
of Newton's three laws. This is done by modifying the Meaningful Science Consortium's project-based
tenth grade physics course lessons. Specific modifications included having students draw force body
diagrams that allow students to identify forces, their locations, and their effects on motion and direction,
as well as explanations of the mathematical equations involved. These changes were made because a
fundamental understanding of forces is necessary to fully understand later lessons such as circular motion
and to complete the final project in which students design their own roller coasters. Modifications were
incorporated without changing the flow of the 7E (elicit, engage, explore, explain, elaborate, evaluate,
extend) model of the course. Changes were added into engage, explore, and explain sections to foster
students' thinking. It is expected that these modifications will improve students' abilities to answer
questions on the quarterly exam dealing with balanced and unbalanced forces, those using F=ma, and
those asking for interpretations of diagrams. Teachers will teach half of their classes using unmodified
lessons and the other half using the modified lessons. Their students' responses on specific questions will
then be compared.
H05
Comparing the Learning Styles of Gifted Monolingual and Bilingual Students
Presenter(s)
Francis Cocjin, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Christian Nokkentved, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Purva Rushi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Studies have been performed that establish and delineate the differences in learning styles of monolingual
and bilingual students, but not many have explored the differences between gifted students in both
categories. A survey called the Perceptual Learning Styles Preference Questionnaire created by Dr. Joy
Reid of the University of Maui was distributed to every student currently studying at the Illinois
Mathematics and Science Academy. All students took surveys with the same questions. The survey
produced numerical values for the learning style preference of the participants such as visual, tactile,
kinesthetic, group, individual, and auditory learning. A two-way ANOVA test with one dependent
variable and one independent variable will be performed on the results to see if there is any significant
difference between the learning styles of the two groups. Any findings can be used to help high school
teachers use more effective methods to teach their gifted bilingual students.
81
H06
The Importance of English as a Second Language Programs and the Factors That Affect Their
Success
Presenter(s)
Katia Colin, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Chibuzo Obasi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Paula Altekruse, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Rosemary Gabriel, George B. Swift Elementary School
Unfortunately, providing a good English as a Second Language (ESL) program to the rapidly increasing
number of English language learners is proving difficult for certain schools. In order to provide an
understanding of how different factors affect the success of ESL programs, this study examined three
factors: teacher qualifications, student-specific factors, and type of program implemented. Our study
included surveying a population of high school students in an attempt to correlate specific student-related
factors to student performance and growth. Research showed a trend between teacher qualifications and
type of course. In addition, type of program varied among different student populations. Both research
and field study results demonstrated that student sub-factors like background, process of entering this
country, household income, and age at program enrollment influence their performance. Students who
started younger fared better, as did wealthier students, students whose families came voluntarily, and
students from more developed countries. Overall, the results indicate that for an ESL program to succeed,
as student-specific factors are not likely to change, schools should implement valid programs and hire
qualified teachers mindful of students' situations. In the future, our research could potentially increase
awareness in those responsible for ESL regulation.
H07
Applying Teaching Models to a Science Curriculum for Elementary School Students in IMSA's
Kids Institute
Presenter(s)
Eleanor Cory, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Allyson Milenkovic, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Julie Dowling, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
This investigation studies various teaching models established by educational psychologists and the
inquiry-based teaching styles of current IMSA students teaching within IMSA's Kids Institute program. It
aims to apply these teaching models to new science curriculum, to be taught in the spring in Kids Institute
FunShops to third through sixth grade students. Information on educational psychology was gathered
through reading scholarly articles regarding learning spectrums, inquiry-based learning, and so forth. An
original observation sheet, catering to the unique setting of a Kids Institute classroom, was developed that
addressed topics such as teachers' enthusiasm, preparedness, and the use of questions for clarification. It
can be used to analyze teaching styles and their effects on class participation and understanding. Six new
curricula, written about topics in chemistry and physics, were designed to focus on inquiry-based learning
and will give teachers the opportunity to teach to the class as a whole as well as provide one-on-one
guidance. It is hoped that these curricula will improve class participation and interest in Kids Institute
classes and serve as effective models for teaching scientific concepts to younger students in the future.
82
H08
The Dropout Dilemma: Investigating Student Retention at the Illinois Mathematics and Science
Academy
Presenter(s)
Dominic Gentile, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Matthew Gietl, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Donald Dosch, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Barbara Miller, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
IMSA'S current retention rate is lower than what is expected. Many steps have been taken to increase
retention by implementing programs such as Sophomore Navigation. However, many students still elect
to withdraw from IMSA for academic, social, and personal reasons. In our investigation, we asked
students to give reasons for possible withdrawal in a more specific manner than just academic, personal,
and social reasons. To accomplish this, we created a survey that questioned students about different
aspects of their IMSA experience, and also about their desire to leave IMSA and what steps they have
taken to withdraw. In our data analysis, we took the students' responses to questions about their life at
IMSA and compared them to their desire to withdraw. In this way, we were able to determine what parts
of the IMSA experience, such as living away from home, academic rigor, the social environment, and so
forth. created a desire to leave. With these specific reasons in mind, we looked at IMSA's policies to see
which of them contributed to student withdrawal and suggested ways to modify the practices to boost
retention.
H09
Why are Hispanics Underrepresented in College?
Presenter(s)
Carlos Gomez, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Christopher Macias, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jose Palos, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
The underrepresentation of Hispanics in U.S. colleges is an ongoing issue with many factors that impede
them from following their American dream. We decided to implement a literature investigation to answer
this question. Printed books, online resources such as databases, electronic books and statistics from other
surveys have been located using the extensive resources on IMSA's library website. Some resources
included the United States Census Bureau, Pew Hispanic, the Hispanic Scholarship Fund, the National
Center for Education Statistics, and so forth. We found that the most common reasons for the under
representation of Hispanics in college are due to family views, economic issues, and immigration status.
The family has a great impact on the student's decision when enrolling in a higher education. When it
comes to education, most Hispanics think of it as a privilege and prefer to work before furthering their
education. Hispanics are one of the poorest ethnic groups in the United States. The average income per
family is about $35,000, in comparison to an average of $60,000 for Asians. Finally, a person's
immigration status can affect the student's decision when enrolling in a college. If the student is illegal
then he/she would most likely not be able attend college. A combination of factors accumulate to affect
the under representation of Hispanic students in our nation's universities and colleges.
83
H10
Student Inquiry and Research at IMSA Chicago
Presenter(s)
Victoria Lo, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Michelle Kolar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Currently, the Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy (IMSA) offers students unique research
opportunities through the Student Inquiry and Research (SIR) program. Students participating in the
program complete a year-long investigation, either on-campus or off-campus. SIR investigations are
conducted on Inquiry Days, where students on-campus meet and research with their advisor(s), and
students working off-campus travel to their SIR location and meet and research with their advisor(s).
IMSA Chicago, located in the city, will provide students more access to resources and facilities in
completing off-campus SIR investigations. By studying IMSA Aurora's current SIR program, and other
high schools with an inquiry-based research program, I identified vital components in creating a
recommendation for the SIR program at IMSA Chicago. Through a survey, I collected responses about
students' on-campus SIR experiences versus off-campus SIR experiences. Analyzing this data set, I found
correlations between the time spent on students' SIR investigations, the biggest challenges students face,
and the opportunities students are provided in their on-campus SIR investigations versus off-campus SIR
investigations. Using IMSA's current SIR program and survey responses, I have created a
recommendation for the SIR program at IMSA Chicago.
H11
The Effects of Inquiry-Based Pedagogy on Third Grade Students and Their Ability to Learn
Higher Level Physics Concepts
Presenter(s)
Alan Shramuk, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Tracy Miller, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
The goal of this research is to test and analyze the effect of inquiry-based teaching pedagogy on children,
specifically third-graders, and their ability to understand advanced physics concepts. To test the ability of
students to learn through inquiry-based learning, a lesson plan was researched and prepared. A survey
was also designed for IMSA Fusion, a group of Illinois STEM educators, asking for their professional
opinion and/or experience on teaching children through inquiry-based pedagogy. Various studies and
articles suggest that children can not only learn more easily with inquiry-based teaching methods, but also
are able to learn and understand more difficult concepts. The research team is curious to see whether this
project substantiates these studies. If so, this may lead to a better overall understanding of STEM
education in the student and adult population of the United States and further the study of STEM subjects
in the world at large.
84
I01
Comparison of Dreiding and Universal Force Fields for Metal Organic Framework Simulation
Presenter(s)
Yusuf Aktan, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Matthew Tsao, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Randall Snurr, Northwestern University
Chris Wilmer, Northwestern University
Metal organic frameworks have shown promise in filtering CO2, from the air as a solution to global
warming. However, thousands of possible molecule combinations and framework geometries for these
metal organic frameworks (MOF) must be tested via computer simulation to find the chemical structure
that will maximize CO2 retention. Simulation results of thirteen MOFs from Dreiding and Universal force
field simulation models are compared to actual experimental data to determine the differences between
the two force fields in simulating CO2 behavior in MOFs, and which is more accurate. The initial study
has been expanded to research the process of trapping methane, hydrogen, and nitrogen gasses by similar
molecular simulations. Preliminary results of CO2 retention (at partial pressures ranging from 0.05 bar to
0.5 bar) show agreement between the Dreiding and Universal force field within ~20% in all MOFs except
those containing palladium or vanadium atoms where the predictions vary by a factor of two. Currently,
the full simulation process (with partial pressures ranging from 0.5 bar to 40 bar) is not complete and
results with analysis will not be available until the data is ready for examination.
I02
The Design Process of a Roller Coaster
Presenter(s)
Justin Booth, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Brendan Mathias, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Brooke Schmidt, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Having been on many roller coasters, we were curious as to how they are designed. The purpose of our
project was to determine the steps necessary in designing a roller coaster, and then to design a roller
coaster ourselves. We researched roller coaster designs to see where they started. We began our design by
establishing the height of our initial hill, and using the data we researched, we determined the total energy
the coaster has at the top of the hill. Using this information, we were able to design segments of our
coaster on the program Autodesk Inventor. In the end, we combined all of these separate pieces into one
finished product. By this method, we were able to determine the process by which a roller coaster can be
designed.
85
I03
The Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Ni2TiIn
Presenter(s)
Wen Min Chen, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Song Chen, Illinois Institute of Technology
Yoonsung Chung, Illinois Institute of Technology
Susan Meschel, Illinois Institute of Technology
Philip Nash, Illinois Institute of Technology
Heusler alloys are composed of elements in the form X2YZ where X and Y are transition metals and Z is
a non-magnetic metal or a semiconductor. Compounds based on the Heusler structure have many
interesting properties such as ferromagnetism and thermal or magnetic shape memory. Ni2TiIn, a Heusler
alloy, was first synthesized and then its crystal structure was examined using X-ray diffraction and
electron dispersive analysis. The compound was also subjected to a variety of physical tests (such as
Vickers hardness test) to measure its physical properties. The alloy was found to be very brittle and could
not be subjected to significant stress without cracking. Its thermodynamic properties were measured using
a calorimeter. The heat content of Ni2TiIn was found to be 13 ± 6.7 kJ/mole of atoms and the heat of
reaction for Ni2TiIn was found to be -9.32 ± 0.7 kJ/mole of atoms. Due to the brittle nature and other
properties of Ni2TiIn, only future research will find practical uses for it.
I04
Engineering a Water Filter for Developing Countries: Optimizing Flow Rate with Respect to
Bacterial Sterilization
Presenter(s)
Dane Christianson, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Jongmin Lee, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Mark Carlson, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
The necessity for sanitary water in developing countries is a well-known problem. The purpose of the
investigation is to develop an effective yet economical water filter that supplies at least 40 liters per day,
kills 99.9% of bacteria, and costs less than 20 dollars. Ceramic filters were created using clay mixed with
MetamucilTM or sawdust to make the fired filter more porous. Nanoparticle silver was added as a
germicide. Conical filters were formed by pressing the clay mixture between two plastic funnels. The
filters were later coated with silver and fired in a kiln. After firing, the cones were mounted vertically in 3
inch diameter polyvinyl chloride tubing, into which water was poured. Flow rates and bacterial
disinfection were then analyzed. Previously, our cone filters had shown 99.99% killing at low flow rates.
Our goal this year was to determine whether that could be maintained at higher flow rates. Although
effectiveness did fall with increasing flow, recently a rate of 50 L/day with 99.9% killing was achieved,
meeting our primary goal. A detailed field analysis remains to be conducted under realistic conditions.
Efforts must also be made to increase the water storage capacity of the filter.
86
I05
Far Horizons Near Space Balloons: Creating a Cut-Down System
Presenter(s)
Logan Damiani, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Nathan Geldner, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Geza Gyuk, Adler Planetarium
Ken Walczak, Adler Planetarium
High altitude balloons (HAB) are an inexpensive and effective data-collecting alternative to satellites. The
purpose of this project was to examine and improve upon HAB design. In order to gain greater control of
the descent, a system needed to be developed to jettison the payload from the balloon on command.
Through research, it was found that the safest and most effective method was to run a strong electrical
current through conductive yet highly resistant nichrome wire, rapidly generating heat, allowing it to burn
through the connection between the balloon and the payload. The first design was composed of four
capacitors, a transistor, a length of nichrome wire, and held by composite board. While this cut the
necessary connection, the preparation proved to be arduous and time-consuming. The next step was to
improve the design by making it more easily reproducible, reusable, reliable, and more compact by
transferring the design onto a custom integrated circuit board. This may be used in future HAB launches,
expediting the scientific progress. Simplifying the retrieval of near-space balloons prevents damage to the
payload and in the long term increases the accessibility of HAB missions for research.
I06
Networks of Ultrasmall Pd/Cr Bilayer Nanowires: A New Type of High Performance Hydrogen
Sensors
Presenter(s)
Henry Deng, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Zhili Xiao, Argonne National Laboratory
Hydrogen sensors have become the subject of intensified studies in recent years due to their tremendous
importance to hydrogen fuel applications. Recent studies have shown that nano-palladium sensors are
very quick and efficient; in particular, the research group previously devised a new fabrication method
that allowed for the creation of quick and highly inexpensive nanowire network sensors. In this study,
palladium/chromium (Pd/Cr) nanowire network hydrogen sensors were created using the novel
fabrication method and then tested. This method utilizes the design of commercially available filtration
membranes to create a nanonetwork structure. By layering nanoscopic amounts of palladium and
chromium onto the membrane, a nanowire network structure of palladium/chromium bilayer can be
formed. The results obtained were very promising. The first major advantage the Pd/Cr sensor has is
sensing capabilities from 0.1% hydrogen to 100% hydrogen concentrations; it solves the 3% saturation
issue found in the pure Pd sensor. The second major advantage the new sensor has over the pure Pd
sensor is a significantly shorter response time. Finally, the new sensor costs less to create while still
maintaining the high efficiency design provided by the nanofabrication method.
87
I07
Alternative Auscultation: The Audible Human Project
Presenter(s)
Saarthak Gupta, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Thomas Royston, University of Illinois at Chicago
As the pedagogy of auscultation has declined, a suitable replacement must be found. Piezoelectric sensor
arrays are a viable alternative as they are cheap, easy to use, and more objective than traditional
auscultation methods. The Acoustic and Vibrations Laboratory (AVL) at the University of Illinois at
Chicago is working on software that will make the use of these sensors easier and more visual by
outputting the expected piezoelectric display with specific patient parameters set. A computerized
mechanical model of the human torso was created for this endeavor by using computerized tomography
scans taken from the Visible Human Project. The main structures in the torso were separated, meshed,
and had their mechanical properties differentiated. Going forward, the AVL hopes to apply select
mechanical properties to the geometric model, and eventually use this model in conjunction with
respiration simulation in order to construct an audible "map" of the human torso to aid in disease
detection.
I08
The Construction of a Model Helicopter with a Unique Set of Interlocking Blades
Presenter(s)
Kenneth Harvey, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Austin Kramer, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Francisco Ruiz, Illinois Institute of Technology
The designs of modern helicopters are based on many generations of improvement over Leonardo Da
Vinci's original concept. Unfortunately, they are inefficient; a major problem being that the tail rotor,
which prevents spinning caused by the single main rotor, is wasteful and uses much of the engine's output
that could otherwise be put toward thrust. A model is in development for a dual-interlocking-rotor design
that will not require a tail rotor for stability. An extant, small-scale, electric model had a problem with
two gears designed to synchronize the rotation of the axles and blades. They were too far apart to mesh
correctly, and often skipped teeth. Two new gears are now installed on the current frame that will mount
and mesh properly. The re-mounting of the blades is the only task remaining before the motor housing is
complete. The motors will be tested for speed and power prior to a test flight. If this design passes the
prototype stage, it will improve the efficiency and reduce the size of future helicopters. These effects
could turn air travel into a more practical and common form of transportation.
88
I09
A Design for a More Efficient Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Presenter(s)
Peter Howes, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Branson Lawrence, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Wind power is becoming a more popular source of energy in the world. As fossil fuels run out, wind
turbines are a logical choice for a reliable means of generating power. The purpose of this investigation is
to create and test alternative vertical axis wind turbine designs. Advertised efficiency of vertical-axis
turbines is often higher than the actual efficiency. Research shows the design to be tested results in
electrical production much closer to the advertised number compared to the production of other designs.
Small scale models of the existing turbine and the potential turbine will be tested to observe their
electrical output under realistic wind conditions. The turbine that produces a larger average electrical
output is more efficient and better suited to supply IMSA with energy. Currently, small-scale design
models have been constructed for comparison, and testing will commence shortly. If my investigation is
successful, IMSA will be able to generate more power from nature rather than relying on commercial
sources.
I10
Understanding the Formation of Toroidal-Spiral Particle
Presenter(s)
Aditya Karan, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Ying Liu, University of Illinois at Chicago
For the treatment of complex diseases, such as brain cancer, delivery of multiple compounds with
synergistic effects is ideal. However, no current technology can separately control the release mechanics
while multiple compounds are enclosed. The toroidal-spiral particle's unique internal structure makes it a
candidate for a novel drug delivery system. The goal of this study was to determine the conditions under
which the toroidal-spiral particle forms. Millimeter-sized drops of polyethylene glycol were sedimented
in a solution containing glycerol, ethanol, and water, during which the viscous force sheared the drop to
form the toroidal-spiral structure and the surrounding solution was enveloped into the channel. At higher
Reynolds number and at higher drop heights, the particle was unable to form at the higher viscosity ratios
that lower Reynolds number and lower drop height solutions could form the particle in. This information
is being used in the laboratory to understand the self-loading capabilities and the release mechanics of the
toroidal-spiral particle with the ultimate goal of using it for effective drug delivery.
89
I11
Optimizing the Conditions of Atomic Layer Deposition of Hafnium Oxide, HfO2
Presenter(s)
Samir Mishra, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Shobhit Roy, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Christos Takoudis, University of Illinois at Chicago
Runshen Xu, University of Illinois at Chicago
High k technology is on the verge of replacing traditional SiO films for use in next generation
nanoelectronics, such as complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS) and dynamic randomaccess
memory (DRAM). From all the metal oxides, hafnium oxide (HfO2) is the most favorable in terms
of its large band offset to silicon (1.5 eV), negligible leakage current, and good thermal stability with Si.
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is widely considered as one of the most powerful fabrication techniques
of CMOS devices and DRAM cells due to its precise thickness control and excellent conformal
deposition. In this project, tetrakis(diethylamino) hafnium (TDEAH) with ozone as an oxidizer was used
to deposit ultra thin HfO2 films on Si(100) substrates by ALD. To explore ALD-type growth, we
investigated different deposition conditions, such as the pulse and purge durations of both metal precursor
and ozone and temperatures. The thickness of the deposited film was measured by a spectra ellipsometer.
From our data, we determined the purge and pulse times as well as the ALD temperature window that
would optimize growth rate, indicating that the deposition process is an ALD-type self-limiting growth.
With these conditions, we can develop efficient methods of fabricating HfO2 thin films.
I12
Thermodynamic and Physical Properties of Ni2TiGa
Presenter(s)
Byron Mui, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Song Chen, Illinois Institute of Technology
Yoonsung Chung, Illinois Institute of Technology
Susan Meschel, Illinois Institute of Technology
Philip Nash, Illinois Institute of Technology
This experiment has found thermodynamic and physical properties of the Heusler alloy, Ni2TiGa. This
information will be used as reference for future application of this alloy. The Heusler alloy was first
synthesized through Arc melting and powder pellets. The resulting sample is then inspected up close to
reassure that it is truly the Heusler Alloy. Once that is confirmed, the sample undergoes various tests, for
example calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and many more. Through calorimetry, the measured enthalpy of
formation was 37.7 ± 2.8 kJ/atom. Through X-ray diffraction, the measured lattice parameter was 5.8885
Å. The thermal expansion coefficient, found through dilatometry, was 14.15 x 10-6 per °C. The melting
point, found through differential scanning calorimetry, was around 1100-1150 °C. Through the hardness
test, the measured hardness was 444.96 ± 14.73 Hv. More properties, such as heat content at different
temperatures and stress, still need to be obtained. Overall, Heusler alloys tend to have ferromagnetism and
shape memory, which can be used to make stents, eyeglasses frames, and so forth. But at the same time,
with the brittleness of this alloy, applications are limited. One possible way to overcome this is to mold it
into thin strips which are layered together to increase its strength and hardness.
90
I13
Roller Coasters: Pushing Human Limits
Presenter(s)
Jonathan Munoz, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Samuel Smith, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Eric Hawker, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
As magnetic launchers and steel polymer continue to replace chain lifts and wooden tracks, modern roller
coasters push the limits of human safety by subjecting us to the most physically intensive forces. When
designing these mechanical monsters, engineers must consider a wide range of variables to not only
protect the health of the passengers, but also meet the demands of thrill seekers. Our research explores the
risks posed by the nauseating inversions and physics of steel coasters. We researched and outlined the
physical restrictions of roller coasters, the architectural aspects, and starting mechanisms and then
incorporated our data in a computer-designed model. By simulating the kinematics of roller coasters with
computer software, we researched the ideal roller coaster; one that grants the most satisfying experience
while not exceeding human capacities. Thus far, we applied our background knowledge of human
tolerance levels to various roller coaster elements and maximized their potential. Our current model
mimics the elements typical of a modern day hypercoaster and eases their restricting safety regulations.
While our design is still in progress, we hope our final blueprint will push the limits of inversions, starting
mechanisms, and drops typical in roller coaster construction.
I14
Designing a Mixed-Use Facility on a Four Acre Plot of Land
Presenter(s)
Benjamin Richardson, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Steven Vasilion, Vasilion Architects
We seek to design a practical, efficient, and creative mixed-use facility on a four-acre plot of land. This is
an actual site that is practically empty, and the owner wants to develop it. Our design needs to include
retail and office space, a larger banquet hall to replace the one currently on the site, and condo units
variable in size. Applicable city zoning laws and requirements were identified, and exterior designs were
made using Google Sketchup, and then condensed down to one final layout. Subsequently, designs of the
floor plans for the condo units were begun in AutoCAD. We expect to also have designed the interior
layout for the banquet facility, office and retail spaces, and a lobby for the banquet facility and residential
area. We designed a site that is pleasing to the owner, city, and ourselves, although it was challenging to
get every aspect to fit together. Our results will be presented to the owner and the city, and if the ideas we
had are well-liked, they may be implemented in the near future for the design of the site.
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I15
Architecting a Chicago-Based Environmentally Friendly Triplex
Presenter(s)
Madison Rogers, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jesse McGrath, McGrath Architects, P.C
Clay Sewell, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Multi-family homes make up 18% of residential housing in the U.S. and 21% of carbon emissions come
from residential housing. Environmentally friendly technologies have been invented, which people have
become captivated with, though they have yet to be fully integrated within these complexes. A green
solution has been designed in hopes of making a tri-family complex a Passive House; a net zero energy
building that utilizes solar gain and renewable resources in order to reduce energy costs by 90%. The prefabricated
design will be affordable to all incomes, increasing the availability to the general public. Mayor
Daley's Chicago Green Homes initiative provided a context for this study, in hopes of moving Chicago
towards being a greener city. The complex has been designed to fit on a standard 25 foot x 125 foot
Chicago lot, complying with governmental codes. In addition to the architectural design, a sense of
appreciation for the architectural process has been gained: problem solving while staying true to the
vision and understanding the applications of green technology. It is hoped that this research will enhance
the public's perception of and appreciation for the integration of green technology into residential
housing, thereby limiting one's carbon footprint in the world.
I16
Exploring Field Programmable Gate Array Time to Digital Converters in High Energy Physics
Presenter(s)
Yanchen Shi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Douglas Zhu, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jin Wu, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) are used today in many electronics, including high energy
physics and medical physics detectors. FPGA time to digital converters (TDC) measure small time
differences by measuring signal delays. In our investigation, we tested the signal delay between two
signals in these FPGA TDCs in search of ways to reduce error and increase efficiency. Data were taken
and the signal delays versus standard deviations were graphed in order to observe the level of precision of
the FPGA. Multiple fine structures were observed throughout our plot of signal delays versus standard
deviations; these structures are still to be understood. Overall, our data showed that standard deviation
decreased when the time differences were measured using multiple channels. In addition, using a more
stable power supply also reduced the standard deviation. These results provide design guidelines when
applications of high precision time measurements are necessary.
92
I17
Changing a Cell's Fate: New Cures for Diseases and Illnesses
Presenter(s)
Hyun Jin Song, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Vitali Metlushko, University of Illinois at Chicago
The goal of this research, which is supported with new cancer cell biology, cellular biomechanics, and
high resolution biomedical imaging data, is to find whether different types of cancers can be cured
without using drugs, which often cause side effects. With our capabilities to reproduce the extracellular
matrix (ECM), we investigated how different kinds of ECM topographies affect cells' fate. One of our
goals is to make an ECM topography that could cure cancerous cells. As a first step, we used atomic force
microscopy to image cells in a liquid environment, a normal environment for living human cells. Second,
we employed state of the art electron beam lithography to fabricate ECM topographies that could be used
to test how cells grow and differentiate on them. Finally, our colleagues from the UIC College of
Medicine tested the relationship between different fabricated ECM topographies and how different cells,
ranging from normal to cancerous cells, responded to the fabricated ECM environment. Initial results
demonstrated that fabricated ECM topographies in fact influenced the cells' life. A possible extension to
this experiment would be to influence the ultimate cell types that stem cells become using ECM
topographies.
I18
How the Ratios of Plastic Acrylic Balls in a Plastic Ball Phantom Affect the Consistency of the
Phantom
Presenter(s)
Michael White, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Beverly Lau, University of Chicago
Robert Nishikawa, University of Chicago
Phantoms are used as a replacement to human body parts for the purpose of testing with radiation. The
phantom being used in these experiments was meant to be a substitute for the human breast for testing
mammography and tomosynthesis machines. The β value of these phantoms is a measure of the
phantoms' consistency. We decided to test the extreme ratios: all balls of one out of the five sizes, with
one phantom for each size. We took images using a mammography machine, and then analyzed the β
values given by graphs provided by a Python program. What we found was that the ratios had an effect on
the β values, with averages varying up to 0.22. We also found that the periodograms were never truly
radially symmetrical, while the program used to calculate β assumed radially symmetrical power spectra.
Also, a mixed bag of balls that we tested along with the radicals had a β value about equal to the average
of the β values of the extremes. T-tests still need to be conducted in order to gauge the statistical
significance of the difference in β values. We concluded that ratios of balls do have an effect on β.
93
I19
Nanoelectrode Arrays for Energy Storage and Ultrasensitive Sensing Application
Presenter(s)
Joly Wu, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Advisor(s)
Ralu Divan, Argonne National Laboratory
Typical fabrication processes for nano-architectured electrodes employ lithographic techniques followed
by dry or wet etching. The limited exposure time (40 h/ cm² area by e-beam lithography) for high dense
arrays of nanoelectrodes can be overcome via interference lithography. This technique offers the
advantage of submicron resolution over large sample areas. This project aimed to optimize the parameters
of interference lithography. Substrates (silicon, quartz, glass), coated with positive and negative
photoresists (S1805, SU-8, ma-N 405), resulted in a thickness range of 100 nm -10 μm. Using Lloyd's
two-mirror set-up and a HeCd laser (λ = 325 nm, 30 mW), samples were exposed at different angles (16°,
18°, 20°) and time intervals (10 - 2000 sec) in order to obtain the 250 nm structure size needed for
nanoelectrodes. After development, different hard mask metals (Al, Cr, Pt) were used for silicon etching
via reactive ion etching. Silicon wafers coated with negative resist ma-N 405 and exposed for 2000
seconds at 18° currently produces the combination of parameters easiest to replicate with consistent
results. Thus, a simple, maskless, and efficient way to fabricate silicon nanopillar electrodes has been
developed. The nanoelectrodes fabricated by this optimized process have potential applications in energy
storage and ultrasensitive sensing purposes.
I20
A Football Design to Enforce a Quick Release by a Quarterback
Presenter(s)
Baihan Yang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Matthew Spenko, Illinois Institute of Technology
The goal of this project is to design and develop a novel football which enforces a quick release by the
quarterback. The football measures the time between when it is snapped by the center and released by the
quarterback. This football will be used by recreational players who want to enforce a time limit on the
quarterback and competitive players who need to practice a quick release. To accomplish this, the football
utilizes a PIC® microcontroller that flashes a light-emitting diode if the quarterback holds the ball too
long. A prototype has been developed utilizing a standard football modified with a small circuit. The
prototype is complete and was tested in the field. The trials were not successful due to fabrication issues
regarding the mechanical robustness of the circuit. Specifically, the wires became entangled, which
caused short circuits. Additionally, the PIC® failed during testing due to unknown reasons, and needed to
be reprogrammed. Current work is centered on improving the robustness of the prototype so an accurate
evaluation can be performed. Along with the prototype, we prepared a survey and will obtain feedback to
further improve the design.
94
J01
A Continuous Change of the Aspirations of IMSA Students in Writing
Presenter(s)
Monica Daniels, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Tracy Townsend, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
This investigation focuses on what type of short story would best describe the changes that IMSA
students go through. The genres of stories that I am choosing from are fiction and nonfiction. Interviews
were used to find information to write about. Short stories are written in the two forms to determine
which style gets the idea across better. The investigation was changed to focus more on short stories
rather than a book. An interview consent form has been completed and three subjects were interviewed.
Half of one of the fiction stories has been written. The remainder of that story is being completed, as well
as the other stories.
J02
Writing an Educational and Engaging Script for Third through Fifth Grade Students
Presenter(s)
Kathleen Gundry, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Manuel Perez, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Science and scriptwriting rarely coincide beyond the science fiction. This inquiry focused on writing and
developing an educational script for the 45 minute IMSA on Wheels (IoW) show to effectively teach third
through fifth graders about electricity and magnetism. Altering the current disjointed eleven science
demonstrations into a show with a coherent plot and clear explanations required research into
scriptwriting techniques and educational storytelling. Other aspects of the original script needed altering
or more reviewing for the new script also. Further analysis will hopefully reveal that the revised script
improved the elementary school students' retention and understanding of electricity and magnetism.
Educating the children remains the ultimate objective of this exploration; the show should make learning
about science fun.
95
J03
Beginning the Process of Writing a Fantasy Novel
Presenter(s)
Perry Nelson, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Tracy Townsend, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
This investigation explores the writing process by beginning work on a fantasy novel. Characters and a
plot were developed, as well as a portion of the text, in order that the writer could see how different
aspects of the book fit together. Although the year began with only a detailed setting and structure for the
worlds the story takes place in, through extensive discussion and some research, three-dimensional
characters and a plot that allows them to grow were developed. Joseph Campbell's investigation of the
hero's journey, or the monomyth, was especially helpful. Discussion of various writing approaches led to
a decision to write portions of the novel selectively and out of order to maximize character development.
Many ideas grew out of this method, as well as a greater understanding of the characters and their roles in
the story. The writing and problem-solving skills developed through this inquiry project will allow the
writer to complete this novel and overcome any future challenges to the project.
K01
International Collaborative Effort for the Creation of Renewable Energy Applications and
Methodologies: Efficient Wind Power Production
Presenter(s)
Michael Atten, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Rafael Gonzalez, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Cai O'Connell, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Glenn "Max" McGee, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Aracelys Rios, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
More and more, the world is moving toward cleaner, renewable power sources. This shift in global focus
promises a brighter future for generations to come. In order to move with these shifts, and in an effort to
develop innovative ways for production of this cleaner energy, this investigation focused on wind energy
and turbine blade designs. It examined several variables affecting power output of turbines including
blade surface area, mass, and shape. Measuring voltage and current to find the average power output over
three minutes was the criterion for determining the best blade design. By testing each blade design at
different angles to the wind direction, it was determined that larger surface area, combined with a blade
angle of twenty degrees, produced the highest power output. It was also found that the most powerful
blade shapes had the lowest mass, making those designs economically advantageous. These findings
provide yet another step forward in improving the efficiency of wind turbine design and show promise for
a viable solution to one of the world's greatest problems: clean, renewable power.
96
K02
International Collaborative Effort for the Creation of Renewable Energy Applications and
Methodologies: Miscanthus Butanol Conversion
Presenter(s)
Mitchell Bieniek, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Garrett Flack, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Glenn "Max" McGee, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Aracelys Rios, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Fuel costs and environmental issues have driven the shift towards renewable resources. Butanol
production using bacteria has been suggested as one solution. The fermentation of butanol using glucose
extracted from the switchgrass Miscanthus giganteus was researched. Simple sugars were derived from
50 gram Miscanthus samples using a combination of milling, acid hydrolysis, and high pressure heating.
The first sample was tested quantitatively for glucose through titration and found to be about 16 g/L. The
ideal concentration is 40 g/L, therefore conditions will be varied to optimize production. The bacterium
Clostridium beijerinckii produced butanol from simple sugars anaerobically. The butanol produced in this
study is awaiting analysis by assay, which will be related to the concentration of glucose. Both the
economic feasibility and environmental friendliness of this process were also regarded. Consideration was
given to the starting material selection based on the environmental impact of their syntheses. The power
consumption of the butanol production method we utilized was also estimated, to determine if the process
could be made entirely green. This methodology for producing butanol shows promise as a viable
solution to one of the world's greatest problems: clean, renewable power.
97
K03
Exploring the Synergy of Wastewater Remediation and Bioenergy Production Through
Nannochloropsis Cultivation
Presenter(s)
Benjamin Kuo, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Timothy Strathmann, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Derek Vardon, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Among current world problems, the water and energy crises are two of the biggest. Use of algae has the
potential to impact this. Due to its plant-like nature, algae can participate in the water treatment processes
by helping to remove harmful chemicals from fertilizer run off, such as nitrates, ammonia, and
phosphates. Lipids isolated from algae can also be converted into biofuel. This study focused on the use
of Nannochloropsis, a less studied algae, in both wastewater filtration and biofuel production. The algae
were grown in varying concentrations of wastewater pre-filtered with 0.45-μm membranes to remove
sediments and bacteria that could interfere with results. Neutral lipid levels were tracked fluorometrically
using Red Nile Dye. Nannochloropsis grew only marginally better in concentrations of 75% and 100%
lipid than 25% or 50%, but it was clear that wastewater supports algae growth. Lipid analysis suggests
that higher biomass does not necessarily result in higher lipid contents. The algae also effectively
removed ammonia, though phosphorous tests were inconclusive. Unlike this study, others state higher
concentrations do not necessarily equate to better biomass productions, but they focused on biomass, not
lipid content, which differs here. Further work must clearly be done, but this technology continues to
show promise.
K04
Lighting of the Future: An Investigation of Light-Emitting Diode Efficiency
Presenter(s)
Neel Patel, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Seth Zelman, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Branson Lawrence, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Light-emitting diodes (LED) have become increasingly popular due to their ability to provide sufficient
lighting with only a small amount of power. This project attempted to develop a solution to maximize
energy efficiency in lighting by designing an LED bulb that runs on little energy, while providing an
adequate amount of light. An experiment was conducted to determine the flaws in consumer lighting. A
prototype design was then developed to eliminate the complications identified in these lights using
information gathered from testing incandescent, fluorescent, and LED bulbs. Experiment results showed
that the Accent 1.2 watt bulb proved most efficient with an average of 47.801 lumens per watt compared
to the next highest 44.373 average lumens per watt. The prototype avoided the LED directionality
problem by spreading light throughout the room, though it significantly decreased the average lumens per
watt ratio to 8.682. Results also showed the benefits of adding a diffuser lens to an LED bulb, increasing
the brightness of the prototype from 3.004 average lumens per watt to 8.682 average lumens per watt.
This project proves that LEDs are the new wave of lighting and that they are worth the savings in energy,
despite their initial cost.
98
K05
CdS/ZnS Quantum Dot-Photoexcited Glucose Oxidase Biosensor for Silver Ion Detection in
Contaminated Aqueous Environments
Presenter(s)
Nishith Reddy, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Karl Rockne, University of Illinois at Chicago
The increasing use of silver as an antimicrobial agent in commercial textile and pharmaceutical products
has raised concern for potential cytotoxicity in contaminated groundwater and surface water. The
objective of this study was to develop a biosensor for silver ion (Ag+) detection using CdS/ZnS core-shell
quantum dot-photoexcited glucose oxidase as a biological recognition element with optically quantified
signal transduction by spectroscopy. Biosensors are favored over alternative chemical methods because
they are potentially more sensitive, specific, and timely for on-site analysis. The proposed biosensor is
based upon exploiting the known inhibition of the enzyme glucose oxidase by Ag+ with quantum dot
reporting mechanism. The enzymatic reaction was characterized with absorbance and kinetics. A
significant correlation (R2 = 0.96161, df = 4, p = 0.000560) was established between Ag+ concentration
and D-(+)-glucose absorbance. Photoexcitation by quantum dots resulted in a shorter equilibration time (k
= -0.3262 min-1). The results suggest the feasibility of using a quantum dot-photoexcited glucose oxidase
inhibition biosensor for Ag+ detection. Further interference studies with factors such as enzyme
degradation, pH, temperature, and other contaminants are needed before field applications
K06
Designing a Building for the IMSA Energy Center that Runs on Only Solar and Wind Energy
Presenter(s)
Vanya Yorgova, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Branson Lawrence, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
This scientific investigation is to design a building for the IMSA Energy Center that would be solely
operated on wind and solar energy throughout the year. In order to do this project, solar and wind energy
output totals were recorded from the currently installed equipment at IMSA for all months. Once energy
output data was analyzed, a review of literature was undertaken for ideas with design and practical energy
systems. The combination of data analysis and literature review yielded the best way of passively and
actively constructing the IMSA building from the ground up to conserve as much energy as possible. A
design of the house using Google SketchUp is in progress; this will include a design for the structure of
the building, compass orientation, a floor plan, a passive and active heating system, and an electrical
power system. The importance of this investigation is that the information gathered is essential for the
creation of energy efficient homes across the country. This project also has the potential to result in a
lower carbon footprint for IMSA and others.
99
L01
Using Film as a Medium to Create a Documentary About Academic Integrity at IMSA
Presenter(s)
Megan Czajka, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Connor Tomasko, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Adam Kotlarczyk, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Spencer Parsons, Northwestern University
The goal of this investigation was to investigate how film can be used as a medium to portray a particular
subject or idea. The students created a documentary in order to discover how the visual arts can convey an
idea in a different manner than writing a research paper or essay. Various documentaries and films about
high school students, including The Breakfast Club and High School, helped them gain an understanding
of the process that professional filmmakers often use to express a certain idea. Students and staff at
IMSA, such as Dr. Devol and Ms. Townsend, were interviewed in order to gain many different views and
ideals about academic integrity. The film portrays the nature of IMSA students visually in addition to
verbally through footage of the school. In the final stages, the students created a thoughtful outline of all
of the interviews, and edited them together to formulate a documentary that should successfully depict
their conclusions about academic integrity at IMSA. The skills and knowledge obtained from this
investigation can be used to help students at IMSA utilize film in their own classes in order to evoke
emotion and artistic style from a particular argument or viewpoint.
M01
Emotion in Journalism: Changes in Reporting Disasters and How They Affect Coverage
Presenter(s)
Shelby Daniel-Wayman, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
James Victory, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
After Hurricane Katrina, controversy erupted over the use of emotion in journalism. Some argued that the
coverage of the storm was far less impartial than any journalism before it, while others argued over
whether this emotion was useful. I have compared news articles and video footage from Hurricane
Katrina with those of Hurricane Camille to determine if there has been a change in emotionalism in
reporting and whether this change has affected the quality of the reporting. These videos, as well as a
comparison of the use of emotionally charged words in the articles, led me to conclude that journalists
after Hurricane Katrina were much less reserved. This problem was especially pronounced in the video
coverage, where multiple reporters abandoned objectivity to plead for storm victims on camera. Their
distress prevented them from delivering thorough and accurate coverage of the events. The comparison of
these two storms indicates that journalists must endeavor to return to a less emotional style of reporting if
they wish to provide quality news coverage of disasters.
100
M02
Latin American Women in Revolution: Mexico and Nicaragua in the Twentieth Century
Presenter(s)
Joscelyn Garcia, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Kathryn Kadel, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Eric Smith, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
In the past century there have been two influential revolutionary movements in the Latin American
countries of Mexico and Nicaragua: the Mexican Revolution and the Sandinista Revolution. In both
revolutions, a significant number of women from different backgrounds were involved and had great
influence in the outcomes. This investigation focuses on the opportunities and limitations women had
before and after the revolutionary events, as well as the methods and motives for their involvement. These
women defied the social norms of machismo, where women were expected to be child-bearers and
housewives. Many women broke cultural barriers in the time of change in their countries and displayed
considerable courage. Though their motives might differ, in the end women improved their situation in
the countries as a result of revolutionary activity. Men realized that women were able to accomplish great
things and gave them more respect. Overall, as women showed increasing bravery and challenged their
traditional roles, they were able to improve the effectiveness of the revolutionary movements and their
treatment at home.
M03
Paint the Town Red: How Marxism Influences Politics Today
Presenter(s)
Miranda Herzog, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Christian Nokkentved, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
In 1848, Marx and Engels published The Communist Manifesto, a pamphlet outlining the views of the
young Communist Party. This system of thought took Europe by storm, spawning multiple Socialist and
Communist ideologies which ultimately resulted in the creation of the world's first Marxist state. This
year marks the twentieth anniversary of the collapse of the Soviet Union, but Marxist thought and its
derivations still subtly influence the fields of philosophy and political theory. This investigation is a
literature review of Socialist thought from Marx through the German and Russian Socialists of the mid-
1900s. The texts used in this study include both primary and secondary sources. Through this study, I
have discovered how the theoretical roots of Marxism paved the way for political systems and economic
theories around the world. The examination of these theories reveals how their ideas still permeate
politics today. Ultimately, this is a history of ideas: the story of Socialism told through a spectrum of
Marxist philosophies.
101
M04
Ethics in Legislation: The Search for the Basis of Ethics
Presenter(s)
Melissa O'Brien, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Kimberly Sherwin, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Lee Eysturlid, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Ethics in legislation plays a critical role in today's society because it shapes people's opinions on the
effectiveness of their government. Last year we found that as a result of the perceptions of scandals in
government, people have lost faith in their elected officials. To extend the study, we created surveys
based upon our research and consultation with our outside expert. We distributed surveys to both Illinois
state legislators and Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy parents. Our sample sizes for the parents
and legislators were 158 and thirty-one respectively. Our findings showed a statistically significant
difference in the legislators' and parents' perspectives on the capability of the general public to make
informed decisions. In addition, legislators have less confidence in the public's knowledge of ethics than
IMSA parents, despite the fact that both samples have similar educational backgrounds. This study
suggests that both legislators and citizens are concerned about ethical standards in government but have
distinctly different opinions on how to make improvements in the ethical values of public officials.
M05
"O Jesus, Through the Immaculate Heart of Mary" Versus "What up, J.C.?": Protestantism from
Reformation to Modern Day
Presenter(s)
Jeannine Schulz, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Robert Kiely, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
In matters of faith, it is fundamental to understand where beliefs originated. Modern Protestant values and
ideas stem from the Protestant Reformation and have been continually evolving since the early 1500's.
My study investigates the beginning of Protestantism and its transformation through the centuries into
distinct denominations. Through examining historical and theological accounts, as well as primary texts
written by early Christian forefathers (Luther, Calvin, and so forth), I look at the theology behind Luther's
separation from the Roman Catholic Church. I have explored key biblical texts and their varying
interpretations, and have also found evidence that suggests the initial reasoning for the Protestant
Reformation didn't solely come from varying conclusions made about the texts, but also from the political
controversy in the Catholic Church. The aftermath of this initial division triggered others to break away
from the Catholic Church and/or Luther and start their own denomination of Christianity based on their
personal beliefs. This trend of divisions has continued to the hundreds of different sects and
denominations present in modern day Protestantism.
102
M06
Rural Electrification in the United States and Russia: Causes and Social Consequences
Presenter(s)
Sarah Weitekamp, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Claiborne Skinner, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Electricity's introduction to rural areas drastically alters people's lives. Comparing Russia and the United
States in the first decades of the twentieth century underlines the dramatic social effects of electrification
comprehensively. Through analysis of oral histories, primary sources, and literature reviews, this project
examined the changes electrification brought to rural people. In America, rural electrification's delay
widened the divide between urban and rural societies, yet the transition is more complex than presumed.
Unlike Russia's citizens, rural Americans were ready for grid electrification, thanks to their earlier
exposure to small generators. While private utilities failed to utilize the public market, viewing only
short-term losses, farmers clamored for larger-scale electrification. Created in 1935 by Franklin D.
Roosevelt, the Rural Electrification Administration, along with the Tennessee Valley Authority, served
this purpose, establishing farmer-owned cooperatives and encouraging the production of affordable
appliances. In Russia, however, rural electrification was not widely adopted because small generator use
was not widespread, and therefore that vital first step towards extensive rural electricity consumption
never occurred. Rural electrification's importance is long lasting: while Russia's failure to furnish
agricultural modernization through electrification devastated its agriculture industry, today's American
agriculture industry arose through electrical modernization.
N01
Politics of Globalization: Crises, Economic Human Rights, and Inequality
Presenter(s)
Jennifer Crawford, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Steven Ramirez, Loyola University
The current model of globalization is faulty. The purpose of this research was to determine how politics
continues to influence policies governing globalization, the extent of the infringement on economic
human rights, the political effects and causes of the subprime mortgage crisis, and the extent of growing
inequality between the elite and the average citizens. There are three main problems with globalization
today. First, people cannot move freely, but jobs can. Second, export-led growth has influenced global
inequality and a distorted aggregate demand, increasing incentive for over-consumption in developed
countries. Third, there is a transnational governing class of elites whose interests are separated from those
of the average person. After researching these problems, it is necessary to conclude that a new form of
globalization is needed, one that addresses the needs of the majority. One sound solution is to adapt the
International Monetary Fund to become a global reserve bank that engages in fractional reserve banking
to invest in infrastructure and human rights worldwide, driving a shift from export-led growth to
innovation-led growth. Another sound solution is to empower people to move freely.
103
N02
A Western Legal Shift to Incorporate Indigenous Intellectual Knowledge
Presenter(s)
Diliana Dimitrova, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
William Mock, The John Marshall Law School
Christian Nokkentved, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
The focus of this research project has been on intellectual property rights and concepts in relation to
indigenous knowledge, because indigenous communities often have their information unfairly used by
for-profit corporations. This project provides an analysis of current legal intellectual property concepts in
existence and the need for a shift in order to incorporate indigenous knowledge protection needed by
indigenous communities. The method of investigation has been literature review, and the results have
indicated a need for a new type of intellectual protection. Such methods of protection are already used in
some parts of the world such as Peru, and a proposed solution would be for the establishment of a world
intellectual property database to which indigenous communities could submit their knowledge for
protection and record. This would allow for monetary benefits to indigenous groups, as well as providing
protection and a record of their information that they may not otherwise have. The implications of this
study are wide, for indigenous communities from all over the world have had information unfairly used
by for-profit corporations, and an intellectual property agreement would greatly benefit such
communities.
N03
Mass Incarceration and Its Effects in Society
Presenter(s)
Haley Ramirez, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
James Carey, Loyola University
Currently, the United States boasts the highest incarceration rate in the world with a minority
incarceration rate considerably higher than that of any other country. Chicago has one of the most over
populated prisons in the nation. My research has primarily consisted of literature review focused on the
reasons for the drastic rise in the incarceration, the laws and provisions constructed for this political
atmosphere, and how these affect society. It has also included trips to the courthouse and interviews with
several members of the justice system. Since the 1980s, the United State's incarceration rate has been
rising at an alarming pace (about 975% from 1982 to 1990). Drug crimes are the largest contributor to the
rising incarceration rate. The War on Drugs created laws such as the three-strike law, which caused a rise
in violent crimes as well as created lifelong felons. These felons cannot vote, hold certain jobs, or take
advantage of government programs such as welfare, which makes it hard for those leaving prisons to
support themselves. This population is disproportionally made up of minorities. This creates a sector of
society, mostly minorities, which has no voice in the government.
104
N04
Mandatory Death Penalty in Africa
Presenter(s)
Vamika Venkatesan, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Sandra Babcock, Northwestern University
Brook Miscoski, Northwestern University
If a country has mandatory death penalty, that means that there is a penal code on record and that it is
currently in use. When a country has a mandatory death penalty, courts are required to sentence offenders
to death without considering aggravating and mitigating factors to the offense. This inquiry focused on
researching the mandatory death penalty in Africa. A database was created containing information about
cases and laws from ninety-two countries. Findings showed a gradient of maintaining and implementing a
mandatory death penalty among many countries in Africa. Kenya, Uganda, and Malawi all do not have a
mandatory death penalty because during cases, the courts have deemed the mandatory death penalty
unconstitutional. Lesotho, Botswana, and Zimbabwe use the mandatory death penalty at discretion.
Lesotho rarely ever uses the mandatory death penalty, but Zimbabwe ends up turning to the mandatory
death penalty many times. Other countries like Nigeria, Congo, and Tanzania all have and implement a
mandatory death penalty for a myriad of reasons, including murder, terrorism, and adultery.
Understanding the history and nature of the mandatory death penalty in Africa can help combat the
mandatory death penalty in other African court cases.
O01
Investigations in Open Symmetric Pentomino Problems
Presenter(s)
Shiladitya Bhattacharyya, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
James Quigley, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Oscar To, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Vincent Matsko, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
The fundamental nature of pentominoes has puzzled scholars and recreational enthusiasts alike for
centuries. The twelve pieces, easily envisioned as Tetris pieces with five blocks instead of four, have
given rise to a variety of problems. People have successfully derived rectangles of every possible
dimension, and even determined the number of possible piece arrangements for each rectangle. Solomon
Golomb's 1960 publication, Polyominoes, formalized solution methods for many pentomino problems,
most notably tiling and symmetry arguments. Despite the discovered solutions to many pentomino
problems, a large number of problems still remain unsolved. The focus of our investigation was the twin
pentomino problem, which asked for the maximum height of identical structures made from six
pentominoes. Currently, the maximum known height is h = 16. Our investigation attempted to find
solutions to this problem both through proof and through exhaustion. Over the course of the investigation,
we successfully formalized several arguments regarding the nature of the problem, including the
necessary location of the "I" piece, the impossibility of twins with pieces that are only tangent at one side
unit, and a problem regarding axes of symmetry. Our presentation will be focused on these proofs and the
possibility of determining the maximum height of symmetric twins.
105
O02
Questions in Computational Group Theory
Presenter(s)
Marcelo Diop-Gonzalez, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Micah Fogel, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
While all information about a group is theoretically contained in its finite presentation, it is often difficult
to compute useful facts about a group from a given presentation. For instance, determining whether a
group is finite, or even trivial, from a presentation is known to be computationally complex (NP-complete
or harder, depending on the exact question being asked). During this investigation, we probed the limits
of this complexity by studying groups with very simple presentations and determining just how large and
complex the group could get. In particular, we examined groups with simple presentations to determine
whether they were abelian and whether we could determine the order. This would tell us whether we
could get very large, very complicated groups with very small presentations. While the group presented
by <a, b | a3, ab2a> can be reduced to a group with relatively small order, the group represented by <a, b |
a3, ab2ab> is not easily reducible to a group of small order. If a very small presentation could produce
groups with orders comparable to extremely fast-growing functions such as that of Ackermann, we would
know that the problem of computing information about even the simplest of groups from their
presentation would be computationally infeasible.
O03
On the Coloring of Graph Products
Presenter(s)
Derek Hardin, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Hemanshu Kaul, Illinois Institute of Technology
The chromatic number of graph products has been one of the most studied fields in chromatic graph
theory. The Hedetniemi Conjecture purports to characterize the chromatic number of graph tensor
products as the minimal chromatic number of the factor graphs. This conjecture has gone without a proof,
though substantial progress has been made on subcases and weaker variants. In this paper, the extant
results about the Hedetniemi Conjecture are extended to Mycielski graphs and generalized to subcases of
the repeated application of strong products and Cartesian products to factor graphs. Since graphs possess
unique factorizations over the Cartesian product operation and the strong product operation, a full
characterization of this case would prove the Hedetniemi Conjecture. Throughout the investigation,
inductive proof techniques are developed that might prove applicable in such an extension, mostly
through the investigation of repeated application of the strong and Cartesian product operations. This
project has significant implications for the general chromatic structure of graphs, as well as, on a broader
scale, for bandwidth allocation and scheduling algorithms.
106
O04
Flipping the Winner of a Poset Game
Presenter(s)
Adam Kalinich, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Lance Fortnow, Northwestern University
Partially-ordered set games, also called poset games, are a class of two-player combinatorial games. The
playing field consists of a set of elements, some of which are greater than other elements. Two players
take turns removing an element and all elements greater than it, and whoever takes the last element wins.
Examples of poset games include Nim and Chomp. I investigated the complexity of computing which
player of a poset game has a winning strategy. I gave an inductive procedure that modifies poset games to
change the nim-value which informally captures the winning strategies in the game. For a generic poset
game G, I described a method for constructing a game ¬G such that the first player has a winning strategy
if and only if the second player has a winning strategy on G. This solved the long-standing problem of
whether this construction can be done efficiently. This construction also allowed me to reduce the class of
Boolean formulas to poset games, establishing a lower bound on the complexity of poset games.
O05
Investigating Flat Foldability of Box Pleated Origami Models
Presenter(s)
Jisoo Kim, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Vincent Matsko, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
An origami model is said to be flat foldable if the model can lie on a two-dimensional surface. This trait,
important in creating the basic structures of origami models, is related to the crease pattern formed by the
model. In this investigation, box pleating - origami designing method that uses simple angles - was
studied and used to design origami models. The crease patterns formed by the box pleated models were
then analyzed in terms of their lengths and angles formed. Variations of angular and parity of the creases
were created by changing the initial approach to the box pleating technique. As a result, a simple box
pleating procedure was developed and some of the flat foldable crease patterns were explained in terms of
angle measurements and geometry of the creases. This explanation of flat foldability through twodimensional
mathematic indicates that there may be a way to dictate all the necessary rules to freely
transform a paper into two dimensions, which would lead to more possibilities in designing origami
models in the future.
107
O06
An Extension of the Erdös-Ginzburg-Ziv Theorem: Non-Zero Sums in Zn
Presenter(s)
Corinne Madsen, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Noah Prince, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
The Erdös-Ginzburg-Ziv (EGZ) theorem is an important theorem in additive number theory which states
that any sequence of 2n-1 elements from Zn has a subsequence of length n that sums to 0. The EGZ
theorem has been generalized to Zn
2 by Reiher and to finite abelian groups in a much stronger form by the
Ballobàs-Leader theorem. This investigation was focused on extending the EGZ Theorem to non-zero
sums in Zn. We found that the problem behaved differently in three situations: when n is prime, when n
and x are coprime, and when n and x are not coprime. For the case when n is prime, we proved that, for
any nonzero element x from Zp, a sequence of 2p-2 elements has a p-length sum to x. For the case when n
and x are coprime, we proved that, if q is the smallest prime factor dividing n, a sequence of (n-1)*(n/q)
q-1 elements from Zn has a n-length sum to x. For the third case when n and x are not coprime, we believe
it can be simplified to the form of summing to yh-1 mod yh where r is a prime, for which we conjecture
that 2yh -2 is the sequence length needed.
O07
Reading Differences Between Printed Books and E-Readers
Presenter(s)
Matthew Rasmussen, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Richard Stalmack, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
As e-reading technology improves, more and more people are reading e-books, and perhaps these ereaders
could be adopted for educational use. In order to investigate how well these e-readers can be used
in comparison to printed books and each other, subjects read short stories by F. Scott Fitzgerald on an
iPadTM, a KindleTM, and a printed book. They then took a survey on how comfortable the devices were to
use and read in comparison to one another and the printed book. While the initial goal was to have fifteen
subjects complete testing and surveying in order to have a sufficient body of evidence to determine
differences in reading speed, readability, and comfort, testing has not yet been completed with that many
subjects. However, anecdotal evidence and initial testing results indicate that the iPadTM is more difficult
to read from than the KindleTM or the printed book. Once testing is finished, the data on reading speed,
comfort, and readability will be analyzed using multivariable regression. It will be interesting to see if the
initial observations hold up after multivariable analysis is conducted, and if a difference between the
KindleTM and printed book emerges. The information produced by this investigation could help to indicate
whether or not the adoption of e-readers for use in educational settings would be useful.
108
O08
Stable Expansions of the Integers
Presenter(s)
Rose Sloan, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
David Marker, University of Illinois at Chicago
This investigation examined whether a model with the integers, addition, and a predicate can be stable. In
particular, I added a predicate for powers of two and a predicate for numbers that are equal to two raised
to its own power a whole number of times. I looked at quantifier elimination in these models, looking
particularly at eliminating quantifiers from formulas of the form ∃x(P(x) & P(mx ny)) where m and n are
constants. I was able to find a general solution for formulas of this form when P is a predicate for powers
of two, but it relied on an additional function dependent on ordering. When P is a predicate for two raised
to its own power a whole number of times, many equations of the form ∃x(P(x) & P(mx ny)) have simple
quantifier-free equivalents, but in other cases, quantifier elimination appears to be impossible. In
particular, it is likely impossible to eliminate quantifiers from the formula ∃x(P(x) & P(x y)) where P any
predicate similar to those I looked at. These results show that this problem cannot be solved through a
quantifier elimination approach.
O09
The Leader Mentality: The Importance of Scoring First in a Major League Baseball Game
Presenter(s)
Michael Teng, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Kevin Zhao, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Christopher Kolar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
We investigate the probability of a Major League Baseball team winning a baseball game after scoring
first in that game given different parameters, such as which era the game was played in (for example, the
steroids era versus the post-steroids era) and whether the game was a regular season game or a playoff
game. Using data extracted from Retrosheet's online databases, we find the record of every Major League
Baseball team between 1950 and 2010 after scoring first. We compare these records between and within
years in order to determine the significance of scoring first in a baseball game. We show that the
probability of winning the game after scoring first is approximately 65%, although this fluctuated and
differed between eras. We further show that there is a negative correlation between the number of runs
scored and the significance of scoring first in a game. We present the probability of winning a Major
League Baseball game after scoring first and discuss possible implications this may have on the way the
game of baseball is played and managed.
109
P01
The Comparison of Motility in Parent Versus High Nitric Oxide Adapted Cells
Presenter(s)
Courtney Amegashie, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Eftychia Gouvas, University of Illinois at Chicago
James Radosevich, University of Illinois at Chicago
Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical, recognized for its role in carcinogenesis and tumor growth. Our
laboratory has previously adapted several cancer cell lines to high nitric oxide (HNO) levels by gradually
exposing the cells to increasing concentrations of a NO donor. This cell line model represents what is
seen clinically in NO expression. It has been shown that cell migration rates are a measure of tumor
aggressiveness. In this study, we compare the migration velocity of several cancer cell line pairs to
determine if NO influences tumor cell migration. Overall, the HNO cell lines exhibited a faster migration
rate than their corresponding parent cell lines. The results herein suggest that cells growing in high NO
microenvironments have greater metastatic potential than cells growing in relatively lower NO
microenvironments. Cell migration rates varied among the locations tested, and between pairs. As such,
little can be concluded here about the effect of cell line origin on the migration rates of cancer cells.
Future work will focus on validating the in vivo use of NO expression as a biomarker for predicting the
aggressiveness of tumors as well as several other human tumors.
P02
A Comparison of Zantac and Prevacid in the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux in Premature
Infants Diagnosed with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Presenter(s)
Omotayo Balogun, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Kari Tyler, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Maliha Shareef, Loyola University
We investigated the effectiveness of Prevacid (lansoprazole) in comparison to Zantac (ranitidine) in the
treatment of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in premature infants with chronic bronchopulmonary
dysplasia (BPD). Traditionally, Prevacid is the preferred method of treatment in neonates; however
whether it is truly more effective is unknown. We gathered information between the years of 2005-2009
from the Loyola University Medical's Neonatal Intensive Care Unit database. In order to determine the
effectiveness of the two drugs, we collected information pertaining to: gestational age, delivery method,
Apgar scores (1 and 5 minutes), start and end dates of Prevacid or Zantac treatment, and severity of GER
with regards to apnea and bradycardia for each patient. From an initial analysis of the data, it was
concluded that frequency of apnea and bradycardia would be a better measure of the severity of GER than
incidence of apnea and bradycardia, which we initially collected. In light of this change, the analysis of
the data is ongoing. Our hope is that our study will be able to help doctors choose the best treatment
option for infants inflicted with GER.
110
P03
Ampicillin Resistance in Escherichia coli: Adaptation or Mutation?
Presenter(s)
Madeline Booton, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Donald Dosch, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Wild-type Escherichia coli is a bacterium that is susceptible to ampicillin. Any resistance that E. coli
could demonstrate could either be induced through a physiological change or a genetic mutation. Using
Kirby-Bauer tests, wild-type E. coli was exposed to ampicillin, and colonies exhibiting resistance were
isolated and grown for a three day recovery period without ampicillin. The isolates were then re-exposed
to ampicillin to determine if the resistance had changed. After determining that the resistance to
ampicillin seemed to be a permanent change, the isolated colonies were tested against different antibiotics
that have different mechanisms, like inhibiting cell wall or protein synthesis, and statistical analysis on
the zones of the other antibiotics has been done to gain insight into the mechanism of resistance. Since
antibiotic resistant bacteria are becoming a health issue, knowing and understanding the mechanism of
ampicillin resistance in E. coli could help avoid future problems with antibiotic resistant bacteria.
P04
An Investigation of Periodontal Diseases
Presenter(s)
Seth Butcher, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Dean Lodding, Smiles for Life Dental
Several aspects of periodontal disease were investigated, including discovering the most resilient strains
of disease causing bacteria and determining the usefulness of follow up procedures. A brief excursion was
made into endodontics to search for factors that may lead to root canal procedures. For the periodontal
side, patient dental pocket-depth records were evaluated before and after periodontal treatment to
determine change in depth. These results were then analyzed to determine a connection to the specific
strains of bacteria present before the procedure and the improvement in the patient. The results of this
investigation are preliminary, as more data will have to be collected before any conclusive results can be
found. Thus far, results have only been linked to individual strains of bacteria. Future results will include
connections between improvement and several combinations of bacteria. The investigation should result
in guidelines for periodontal bacteria resilience. Once more data has been analyzed, the investigation will
have obtained resilience strengths of ten different strains of bacteria and the strength of combinations of
those ten strains. This knowledge can be applied to dental offices to determine the severity of patient
conditions and to prescribe treatments of appropriate strength.
111
P05
Evaluating Computerized Tomography Scans Ordered from the Emergency Room for Suspected
Pulmonary Embolism
Presenter(s)
Ajay Chatrath, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Arun Jagannathan, Riverside Medical Center
Although computerized tomography (CT) scans are useful for diagnosing illnesses, there is increasing
concern of overuse throughout the United States, resulting in excessive radiation exposure to patients. CT
scans performed for suspected pulmonary embolism from the emergency room are especially overused,
since approximately only two percent of these scans have a positive result. One hundred of these scans
ordered from one hospital's emergency room were evaluated using the Geneva model. The Geneva model
uses clinical symptoms to assign a numerical value that reflects the probability of the patient having
pulmonary embolism. CT results were correlated with D-dimer tests, which indicate probable blood clot
formation. Although D-dimer tests were positive more often than CT scans, CT scans were much more
accurate. The results suggest that the number of CT scans could be reduced by performing CT scans in
the emergency room when a patient's Geneva model score is greater than two, the patient has a positive
D-dimer result, or the patient cannot have a D-dimer test performed.
P06
Type 2 Diabetes Risk Factors at IMSA
Presenter(s)
James Chen, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Sowmya Anjur, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Rebecca Lipton, University of Chicago
The goal of this study is to construct a questionnaire exploring whether or not a stressful academic
environments such as IMSA's bring with them increased exposure to factors that can potentially
predispose a student to develop type 2 diabetes (T2D) later on in life. Although there are many studies
that detail T2D risk factors, there are few that include non-traditional risk factors like stress, and almost
no examples that relate these risk factors to academic environments. A thorough literature review was
completed, upon which the survey was then based. The survey was constructed by combining Cohen's
Perceived Stress Scale questionnaire with selected questions from the National Youth Risk Behavior
Survey created by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. At present, the survey to assess
diabetes risk factors has been finalized and tested, but data collection has not yet begun. We plan to
administer the survey to current and former IMSA students using an anonymous, web-based format. This
will yield prevalence of self-reported risk factors among participating IMSA members, by age and gender,
which will be discussed during the presentation. Ultimately, this investigation will begin to examine the
connection between academic environments and type 2 diabetes risk factors that literature has implied,
but not confirmed.
112
P07
Genetic Influences on Cellular Debris Handling in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Presenter(s)
Nitin Chilukuri, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Ajay Pius, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Abhinav Reddy, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Timothy Niewold, University of Chicago
Systemic lupus erythematosus, a multi-system autoimmune disorder, has uncertain causes. Although
much research has tried to identify the cause of lupus, no definitive correlations have been made. A
theory exists that certain genetic factors related to the removal of cellular debris may predispose
individuals to lupus. This study examined the race, gender, age, and C-reactive protein (CRP), CR2,
FCγRIIA, and FCγRIIIA gene presence in 287 lupus patients. Logistic regression was used to determine
correlations between these and the cytokine and antibody levels of the patients. Preliminary data analysis
revealed in the African-American patients there were correlations between age and the CR2 gene on antiribonucleoprotein
levels as well as age and the CRP and CR2 genes on anti-DNA levels. In the Hispanic
patients there were correlations between age and the FCγRIIIA gene on the anti-La levels as well as age
and the FCγRIIIA, CRP, and CR2 genes on anti-DNA levels. Analysis is ongoing to confirm these
correlations and will test for similar correlations among Caucasian and Asian patients. These correlations
are potential pathways in determining future prognosis and treatment options, particularly through
considering specific genetic and ancestral factors.
P08
Chest Computerized Tomography Imaging Findings in Patients With Localized Sarcoma
Presenter(s)
Samantha Donermeyer, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
James Nachman, University of Chicago
Some patients with a localized sarcoma (no metastases at diagnosis) develop pulmonary metastases after
going off initial chemotherapy treatment. Lung metastasis after therapy completion is the main cause of
treatment failure. The goal of this study is to assess the benefits and risks of using chest computerized
tomography (CT) scans at defined intervals to search for metastases. Chest CT scans are more sensitive,
less specific, and expose patients to higher doses of radiation compared to chest X-rays. We reviewed all
off therapy chest CT scans for fifty patients whose chest CT at off therapy revealed no pulmonary
nodules. Nine out of fifty (18%) never developed pulmonary nodules. Eight of fifty (16%) had nodules
identified which initially or subsequently met criteria for biopsy and had proven metastatic disease. Thirty
three of fifty (66%) developed at least one pulmonary nodule which never met biopsy criteria. The high
percentage of false positive scans raises the question about the utility of chest CT scanning in off-therapy
patients. A randomized trial of chest X-ray versus CT scanning for off-therapy follow-up is unlikely to be
performed. Therefore, data on more patients followed with CT scans would be helpful in deciding followup
for future patients.
113
P09
Comparison of Sun Protection Behavior and Tanning Habits in Adolescents Based on Age, Gender,
and Skin Tone
Presenter(s)
Annie Guo, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
June Robinson, Northwestern University
Of all skin cancers, melanoma is the deadliest form and the one most linked to sun-related habits and
behaviors in patients. In the past decade, people have become increasingly aware of sun protection. The
objective of this study was to view adolescent perspectives toward tanning habits and sun protection
behavior based on gender, age, and natural skin tone. We surveyed 107 high school students between the
ages of 16-years old and 18-years old attending prom in a western suburb of the Chicagoland region. Our
results demonstrated that younger subjects tended to have healthier Sun habits than older subjects.
Establishing how adolescents take precautionary steps towards sun protection can help future
investigations determine preventative measures for sun safety.
P10
What are the Consequences of the Loss of PAX3 Function in Melanoma?
Presenter(s)
Annie Guo, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Deborah Lang, University of Chicago
Erica Littlejohn, University of Chicago
The transcription factor PAX3 is over-expressed in primary melanoma tumors compared to benign
lesions, and its role in promoting the cancer phenotype is poorly understood. To elucidate the function of
PAX3 in tumor progression we created a melanoma cell line, TR5, that silences PAX3 upon induction.
The TR5 line constitutively expresses a shRNA transcript targeting PAX3 as well as a shRNA repressor.
In the presence of tetracycline the repressor is inhibited and the transcript silences PAX3. During our cell
counts we observed significant growth arrest and no evidence of apoptosis in treated TR5 cells compared
to untreated. Morphology changes were observed when PAX3 was knocked down in the TR5 cells. Their
cytoplasm width and dendritic number and length dramatically changed, resembling a more differentiated
cell type. The data suggests that PAX3 plays a role in melanoma progression by promoting cell growth
and preventing terminal differentiation.
114
P11
All About Influenza
Presenter(s)
Jacob Henry, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Megan Schrementi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Influenza is the leading preventable killer in the world. New shots and drugs are being formed to help kill
the virus by destroying the essential proteins of the virus, neuraminidase and hemagglutinin. New
methods for the flu shot are being developed such as a universal shot that would be able to protect against
all strains of the virus and last for longer than ten years. There is an abundance of research, publications
and reference material accessible. Using the large reference database available at IMSA, I am compiling a
paper that summarizes the different works about influenza and discusses ways of fighting the virus. My
compilation will focus on the infectious process, treatment, and vaccine development. I have focused my
search of these topics, using primary documents and from those I have been able to more thoroughly
explain the causes and problems of influenza. I have also researched more effective ways to treat the
virus. Coming up with ways to relate and assemble information from different articles is the majority of
my work.
P12
The Role of SRC Family Kinases in SDF-1/CXCR4-Mediated Progenitor Cell Homing
Presenter(s)
Ingrid Hsiung, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Pranusha Pinna, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Gangjian Qin, Northwestern University
Ischemic heart disease is one of the leading causes of death in America and caused by ischemic tissue in
the myocardium. CXCR4 is a G protein-coupled receptor with a ligand, stromal cell derived factor 1
(SDF-1), that correlates directly with progenitor cell (PC) mobilization to ischemic tissue. This
experiment focuses on the interaction of cells in the stem cell pathway, particularly, the role of Src family
kinases (SFK) in SDF-1/CXCR4-mediated progenitor cell homing. Using bone marrow mononuclear
cells from CXCR4BAC-eGFP transgenic mice, cell culturing, Western blot, Boyden chamber assay,
fluorescent tags, and histology staining, we found that in vitro, SDF-1/CXCR4 activates SKF and that
SFK phosphorylation is required for PC homing; in vivo, we confirmed that SFK are needed for
recruitment of BM PCs to areas of ischemic myocardium through the SDF-1/CXCR4 pathway. SFK are
crucial in SDF-1/CXCR4-mediated BM progenitor cell homing in respect to the ischemic cardiac tissue
which may prove useful for tissue repair.
115
P13
Calculating the Detection Efficiency of Positron Emission Tomography Systems
Presenter(s)
Vijay Jayaram, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Thomas Reith, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Chien Kao, University of Chicago
Positron emission tomography (PET) detection systems, which detect high frequency gamma rays, are
faced with several major obstacles. While certainly advanced, they commit a great deal of error when
measuring output energy and time data due to the microcosmic nature of particles involved. In our
investigation, we sought to develop a statistical quantification of this error and display it in standard
histogram form. The histogram for energy shows how much the measured light energy deviates from the
ideal 511 keV value, which is the pure energy of one gamma ray emitted by positron-electron
annihilation. The energy resolution that can be calculated from this histogram, measuring the mean
deviance from the expected energy value, was the outcome of our investigation. By setting the maximum
at 511 keV, we could determine a scaling factor for the specific scenario. Using this factor, the same
histogram was generated for the time aspect of detection; thousands of annihilation reactions take place in
a small span and timing resolution should be on the order of picoseconds. Extrapolation from these
statistical tests helped generate a complete picture of PET detection efficiency.
P14
The Effect of Egr2 on the Cell Markers Lag3, 41BB, and CRTAM in the Anergic carEGR2 flox/flox
TH1 T-cell Clone
Presenter(s)
Alex Kim, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Yan Zheng, University of Chicago
Previous studies have shown that certain tumors can cause anergy in T cells, preventing activation. One
gene that has been known to regulate anergy in these T cells is the Egr2 gene. Using micro array, research
has shown that three cell markers, CRTAM, 41BB, and LAG3 are regulated by the Egr2 gene. In this
study, the expression of these cell markers on the mRNA level of development of a wild type T cell and
an Egr2 knock out was determined using real time PCR. The results showed that the upregulation of the
cell markers occurred on cells with the Egr2 gene intact, while upregulation did not occur the cells where
the Egr2 gene was deleted. These results suggest that the three cell markers are Egr2 dependent. The
correlation between the three cell markers and the Egr2 gene suggest that these three cell markers have
something to do with the anergy of T-cells. Future studies can determine the expression on the protein
level of expression and eventually determine the function of the cell markers.
116
P15
The Role of Two Selective K+ Channels (Kir and Kv) Expressed in Macrophages in the Secretion of
IL-1ß when Macrophages are Induced by Anthrax Toxin
Presenter(s)
Jiwon Kim, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Irena Levitan, University of Illinois at Chicago
Johnson Thomas, University of Illinois at Chicago
Anthrax lethal toxin (LeTx), a virulence factor of Bacilillus anthracis, leads to inflammatory responses,
such as increased secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-1ß, in alveolar
macrophages. Previous studies have shown that LeTx exposure causes K+ efflux-mediated increase in IL-
1ß secretion in macrophages through an unknown mechanism. We hypothesize that the two potassium
channels, inwardly-rectifying K+ channel (Kir) and outwardly-rectifying voltage-gated K+ channels (Kv),
which are expressed in macrophages may play a role in LeTx induced IL-1ß secretion. Thus, we
employed the whole-cell patch clamping technique to study Kir and Kv channel activities on LeTx
stimulation (with and without K channels' blockers), and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to
measure IL-1ß secretion on LeTx exposure. Then, we observed that LeTx activates both Kir and Kv
channels and that these channels are required for K+ efflux-mediated IL-1ß secretion in macrophages. We
hope that with our findings, therapeutic agents against these two target channels can be developed in
macrophages to block inflammatory responses involving IL-1ß secretion.
P16
Factors Influencing Successful Weaning from Caffeine in Premature Infants Born before Thirtyfour
Weeks of Gestation Treated for Apnea
Presenter(s)
Ifreke King, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Patricia Hummel, Loyola University
Christine Sajous, Loyola University
Apnea of prematurity is a common problem in premature babies born before 34 weeks of gestation. This
condition, treated with caffeine, improves as the babies get older. Physicians usually try to wean the
infants off caffeine at around 34 weeks but are not always successful. In order to determine what factors
determine successful weaning from caffeine, we collected necessary data on infants from the NICU's
official records on infants born between August 15, 2006 and August 15, 2010. In total, the number of
premature infants was 696. So far in my investigation I have found that the average number of premature
infants that were treated with caffeine was 74.2%, the percentage of infants who failed weaning was 22%.
Attempts to correlate factors with the success rate of weaning are ongoing. Alternatively, the benefits of
moving the weaning date are being considered.
117
P17
Defining a Minimal Peptide Within HSP70 Required for Immune Activation
Presenter(s)
Previn Kumar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jared Klarquist, Loyola University
Caroline Le Poole, Loyola University
Jeffrey Mosenson, Loyola University
Inducible heat shock protein 70 (HSP70i) is over-expressed in stressed cells and plays a vital role in
dendritic cell (DC) initiated auto-immune vitiligo. The purpose of this investigation is to find what region
of HSP70i is critical for accelerated depigmentation and for development of a humoral response to the
molecule. Two functionally different regions of HSP70 were separately introduced into expression
plasmids HSP70i1-377 (AM) and HSP70i320-642 (LV), and used to vaccinate groups of five C57BL/6 mice in
combination with target antigen TRP-2. The DNA was introduced to the mice by weekly gene gun
vaccination in six groups: AM TRP-2, LV TRP-2, HSP70 TRP-2, TRP-2, HSP70 or vector DNA. After
five weeks, the LV TRP-2 but not AM TRP-2 vaccinated mice showed depigmentation far superior to
HSP70 TRP-2. In Western blots, mouse serum was used to probe protein from transfected COS cells. The
HSP70 TRP-2 and LV TRP-2 mice developed antibodies to HSP70, whereas AM TRP-2 vaccinated mice
did not. These data identify the C-terminal, peptide-binding region as vital to autoimmunity. This data is
in concordance with HSP70i435-447 described by this group as a peptide that may be blocked from binding
DCs to prevent autoimmunity.
P18
Determining the Conditions Under Which Bioavailability of a Drug Increases
Presenter(s)
Samantha Levin, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Robert Kimura, Rush University Medical Center
Pharmaceutical companies have trouble designing oral drugs that are absorbed in large enough quantities
to be effective. In most cases the bioavailability, the percentage of the administered drug that reaches the
blood stream, must be greater than thirty percent. By using a mathematical model on the computer that
involves data from a previously performed experiment involving rats, I observed how bioavailability
values changed when I varied certain conditions under which the experiment was run. Variables that were
tested include Vmax, the maximum speed at which metabolism occurs in the intestines; Vmax of the liver;
renal excretion; and the time of absorption. The data was also run for three different scenarios: the drug
given intravenously over thirty minutes, the drug given orally and released over thirty minutes, and the
drug given orally and time released over twelve hours. The first half of my investigation was spent
learning the methodology and derivations behind the computer model which was used. My final results
are currently pending. It is intended that these results give guidance to pharmaceutical companies to the
conditions under which their drug should be administered.
118
P19
Mutations in the Insulin Gene as a Cause of Monogenic Diabetes
Presenter(s)
Sarah Lisk, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Siri Atma Greeley, University of Chicago
As the prevalence of diabetes increases worldwide, a minority of patients are learning that they have a
monogenic form of diabetes caused by mutations in any one of a variety of genes. Such mutations in the
gene encoding insulin (INS) can cause permanent neonatal diabetes (PND) resulting from a deformed
insulin protein leading to increased beta-cell destruction. DNA samples from a family with PND were
screened for INS mutations by amplification by polymerase chain reaction, followed by sequencing and
analysis with Mutation Surveyor software. A heterozygous mutation in exon one of the INS gene, which
caused an amino acid change (G32S), was found in a diabetic mother diagnosed at 9 weeks of age and
was inherited in a dominant fashion by her son who was diagnosed at 52 weeks of age. This supports the
hypothesis that PND can be caused by mutations in the INS gene. Discovery of such an underlying
monogenic cause will inform genetic counseling of familial recurrence risk and could eventually lead to
differences in treatment. Although a specific medication for this type is not currently in use, one that
specifically targets the disease process could lead to improved diabetes control and reduced health care
costs.
P20
Endothelial Cell Intercellular Molecule Regulation of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1
Presenter(s)
Justine Ly, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Katherine Shi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Guoquan Liu, University of Illinois at Chicago
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a protein that induces chemotaxis, a process that attracts
monocytes to areas of inflammation. We hypothesized that intercellular adhesion molecule 1(ICAM-1)
indirectly regulates MCP-1 expression. To test this, we ran Western blots with lung tissue lysates from
wild type and ICAM-1 knockout mice to determine MCP-1 expression. Our results showed greater MCP-
1 expression in ICAM-1 knockout compared to the control, implying that ICAM-1 inhibits MCP-1
production in the lungs. We then used siRNA to silence the ICAM-1 gene in human umbilical vein
endothelial cells (HUVECs). Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, we found that TNFα
induced MCP-1 secretion was increased, suggesting that ICAM-1 inhibits MCP-1 expression in
endothelial cells. Furthermore, transfection of HUVEC with wild type and phospho-mimicking ICAM-1
mutant (Y518D) inhibited TNFα-induced MCP-1 production compared to cells transfected with
phosphorylation-defective ICAM-1 mutant (Y518F). We have extended our study to uncover the proteins
involved in the signaling pathway between ICAM-1 and MCP-1. This data is still pending, but if the
ICAM-1/MCP-1 signaling pathway is uncovered, a pharmaceutical drug to subdue inflammation in the
lungs can be developed.
119
P21
Neonatal Diabetes due to Mutations in the KCNJ11 Gene
Presenter(s)
Daniel Matthews, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Siri Atma Greeley, University of Chicago
Neonatal diabetes diagnosed in the first six months of life is likely to have an underlying monogenic
cause. Mutations may be found in any one of a number genes affecting the insulin producing β-cells in the
pancreas. KCNJ11 is a gene that encodes the Kir6.2 protein that forms part of the ATP-sensitive
potassium channel that is critical for insulin secretion. DNA samples were amplified using PCR and then
checked by gel electrophoresis. Samples were then purified and sequenced and data was analyzed using
Mutation Surveyor software. DNA from both diabetic and non-diabetic individuals in a family with a
history of neonatal diabetes was sequenced. Two diabetic family members, father and daughter, had the
rare heterozygous mutation E227K/E in amino acid 227 in KCNJ11. The non-diabetic mother did not
have this mutation. All family members shared the common polymorphism E23K/E. Since only one allele
is mutated, the daughter inherited the disease-causing E227K mutation in an autosomal dominant fashion.
This supports the hypothesis that neonatal diabetes can be caused by mutations in the KCNJ11 gene,
which may be passed on to children of affected individuals. This has important treatment implications
since their diabetes may respond to oral sulfonylurea medication instead of insulin.
P22
GD3 Synthase Vaccines as a Treatment for Melanoma
Presenter(s)
Hannah Miller, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jared Klarquist, Loyola University
Caroline Le Poole, Loyola University
Melanoma is a deadly skin cancer caused by mutations of melanocytes located primarily in the skin.
Melanoma cells overexpress the molecule ganglioside D3 (GD3). This investigation aims to determine
whether a vaccination of DNA coding for GD3 synthase causes an NKT-cell mediated anti-tumor
response in mice that are injected with melanoma cells. Three groups of mice underwent five weekly
vaccinations of genes coding for human GD3 synthase and adjuvant HSP70i, positive control genes
encoding TRP-1 and HSP70i, or empty vector DNA. Positive control mice showed depigmentation, a
characteristic of autoimmunity, while GD3 synthase-vaccinated mice did not. Eight weeks later the mice
underwent a tumor challenge and tumor development data was analyzed suggesting delayed tumor
development in mice vaccinated with GD3 synthase genes compared to mice vaccinated with empty
vector genes. GD3 synthase vaccination was uniquely associated with natural killer T cell infiltration of
tumors. This suggests that the vaccine can have anti-tumor potential when combined with potent adjuvant
treatment. This is significant, as anti-tumor vaccines such as the positive control used in this
investigation, frequently cause autoimmunity. The lack of depigmentation in GD3 synthase-vaccinated
mice indicates that this treatment can separate autoimmunity from anti-tumor immunity.
120
P23
Investigation Into Risk Factors of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
Presenter(s)
Christina Momchev, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Cynthia Fisch, Resurrection Medical Center
Rada Ivanov, Resurrection Medical Center
Two of the six hospitals in the Resurrection Health Care system have a greater number of patients
experiencing heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). HIT is excessive bleeding after being given a
blood thinner containing heparin. Literature was reviewed to find what puts someone at higher risk for
HIT. Then the information of all the patients with HIT in the six hospitals was compiled and organized in
five categories: patient age/race/gender, primary diagnosis, secondary diagnosis, procedure, and which
anticoagulant was used (heparin or enoxaparin). No significant correlation was found between age,
gender, or race and susceptibility to contracting HIT except that nonwhite females were more at risk in
our patient population. Among the patients, eight out of thirty had septicemia, and nine had renal failure.
In research, neither condition has been mentioned as influencing the onset of HIT. However, we speculate
that patients with septicemia and kidney disease are at high risk for HIT.
P24
The Effect of Therapeutic Hypothermia on Mitochondrial Akt Phosphorylation and Pim-1
Expression in Murine Hemorrhagic Shock
Presenter(s)
Gina Qin, Northwestern University
Advisor(s)
Terry Vanden Hoek, University of Chicago
Current treatments for hemorrhagic shock (HS) are often ineffective. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH), an
effective treatment in other similar diseases, has not been used in clinically treating HS due to the lack of
understanding of its mechanisms. Akt phosphorylation (p-Akt), increased Pim-1 expression, and
improved mitochondria function have been shown to mediate cardioprotection. Using an established
murine HS model, we studied the role of Akt and Pim-1 in TH-induced cardioprotection. TH (33 ± 0.5
°C) was induced at 30 minute HS via surface cooling. Heart tissue was collected at 30 minute
resuscitation and fractionated to measure p-Akt and Pim-1 expression in the cytosolic and mitochondrial
fractions. Compared to sham, 30-minute resuscitation normothermia (R30NT) increased Akt
phosphorylation at both the Threonine308 and Serine473 sites but 30-minute resuscitation hypothermia
(R30TH) did not further increase it in the cytosolic fraction. In the mitochondrial fraction, R30TH
showed a trend of decrease in p-Akt compared to R30NT. Interestingly, R30NT decreased Pim-1
expression compared to sham (0.33 ± 0.13 vs. 3.08 ± 0.22) and R30TH preserved Pim-1 expression in the
mitochondrial fraction. Taken together, TH-mediated cardioprotection may not be associated with
increased p-Akt and targeting mitochondrial Pim-1 expression may be a potential pharmacological
treatment in HS.
121
P25
The Effect of Transgenic A20 on Inflammation of the Intestinal Epithelium
Presenter(s)
Nishith Reddy, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
David Boone, University of Chicago
A20, a cellular factor, has been shown to regulate inflammation of the epithelium during inflammatory
bowel disease. The objective of this study was to characterize the interactions of A20 that result in the
maintenance of the epithelial structure of the intestines and determine whether the expression of
transgenic A20 could improve the condition of the epithelium during homeostatic inflammation. Intestinal
sections of A20 wildtype and villin transgenic A20 mice with inflammatory bowel disease were
characterized for NF-κB activation, A20 expression, grade of inflammation, tight junction architecture,
and cell proliferation. These sections showed preserved epithelial architecture in villin transgenic A20
mice with inflammatory bowel disease when compared to A20 wildtype mice. Non-colocalization of
activated, proinflammatory NF-κB with A20 suggests an inflammatory suppressant effect of A20.
Degradation of tight junction proteins served as another indicator of the suppressed homeostatic
inflammation in villin transgenic A20. As an inflammatory regulator, A20 has potential for therapeutic
implementation in clinical treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
P26
Computerized Quantification of Pleural Effusion
Presenter(s)
Ashley Ro, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Nikita Veera, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Samuel Armato, University of Chicago
Pleural effusion is the abnormal buildup of fluid within the pleural cavity of the lungs, often caused by
congestive heart failure, mesothelioma, lung cancer, and other lung diseases. MATLAB was used to run a
program that can segment pleural effusion and lungs in thoracic computerized tomography (CT) scans.
An in-house program, Abras, was then used to calculate the volumes of these segmented regions. Initially,
preliminary segmentations were run on CT scans without pleural effusion and lung volumes were
calculated from them. Later, the segmentation method was used to find pleural effusion volume as well as
lung volumes in the scans of fifty patients with pleural effusion. Analyses were then completed,
comparing the lung volume and pleural effusion volume, as they should have been inversely proportional.
Knowing that this correlation exists can be used for future studies examining pleural effusion volume.
122
P27
Do Widened Pulse Pressures in Premature Infants Signify a Patent Ductus Arteriosus?
Presenter(s)
Yasmeni Sandridge, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jonathan Muraskas, Loyola University
Cristina Vega, Loyola University
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a heart condition from which many premature infants may suffer. In this
retrospective study conducted at Loyola University Medical Center we will determine if having a widened
pulse pressure is a significant sign of PDA. A widened pulse pressure is defined as the difference of
systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure greater than twenty. Historically, the difference
between widened pulse pressure has been taught to be a classical sign of PDA. In some studies, it has
been shown that having a widened pulse pressure is not a significant sign. In this study data collected
included blood pressures, pulse pressures, and echocardiogram results, and these will be analyzed in
collaboration with a statistician. Currently, the data is under collection and not ready for analysis. If our
results support our hypothesis, this may result in an earlier diagnosis and treatment of PDA.
P28
Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates in Infants Within
the First Thirty Days of Life
Presenter(s)
Mehal Shah, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Divya Tankasala, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Bill Kabat, Children's Memorial Research Center
Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterium which causes infections in various
parts of the body. Two major types of MRSA, community-acquired (CA) and hospital-acquired (HA), are
both resistant to antibiotics, but differ in their transmission method and prognosis. The purpose of this
investigation was to determine the origin of certain clinically-isolated strains of MRSA through
characterizations of all the strains as either CA-MRSA or HA-MRSA using various methods of
identification and analysis. Initially, we isolated a cohort of MRSA isolates from newborn infants. The
isolates were grown and colonized on blood agar plates. A Kirby-Bauer susceptibility assey was
performed using eight antibiotics, and zones of inhibition were measured. Afterwards, pulsed-field gel
electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to separate large DNA molecules. In addition, DNA was extracted from
the isolates and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using various primers, and gel electrophoresis was
performed on the isolates. Our preliminary results show that PCR was more efficient than PFGE analysis
in collecting data. In addition, there are possible demographics that show that specific subtypes may
differ. We are still are in the process of analyzing all the PCR results with all the required primers tested
on the isolates. There may be significant differences in some of the strains analyzed.
123
P29
Randomized, Prospective Comparison of Performance Using Standard Laparoscopy, Single-
Incision Laparoscopy, and a Novel Bimanual Triangulating Platform
Presenter(s)
Kevin Shi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Eric Hungness, Northwestern University
B. Fernando Santos, Northwestern University
Single-incision laparoscopy (SIL) is a novel surgical approach that may be less invasive than the current
gold standard laparoscopy (LAP). However, SIL introduces additional ergonomic challenges and has
previously shown to result in decreased performance on standardized tasks in a simulated setting. This
study was conducted to determine whether a novel bimanual triangulating platform, SPIDER, for SIL
could improve performance compared to the use of existing SIL instruments. Novice test subjects were
randomized to either LAP, SIL (existing technique), or SIL with SPIDER and they performed
standardized tasks on a surgical simulator using their assigned technique. Subjects were tested at baseline
and after completing four training sessions. Task scores will be analyzed according to time (baseline
versus post-training) and instrument type (LAP, SIL, or SPIDER). Learning curves for each technique
will also be quantified and compared. The results will be used to determine whether use of the SPIDER is
associated with improved performance or a shorter learning curve compared to the existing SIL
technique.
P30
The Influence of Body Mass Index on the Outcome of Patients with Acute Myelocytic Leukemia
Following Chemotherapy
Presenter(s)
Steven Suh, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Parameswaran Venugopal, Rush University Medical Center
Although the field of oncology is rapidly expanding with deeper insight into the biology, and utilizing
novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, very little research has been done on the influence of the
physiological characteristics of the patients, such as height and weight, on the outcome of therapy. To
investigate this further, we analyzed the rates of cancer survival in relation to weight according to body
mass index (BMI), calculated by dividing the weight in kilograms by the height in meters squared. We
used data from fifty-three patients with acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) from Rush University Medical
Center, gathering height, weight, response to treatment, and survival duration using a program called
EPIC. Our preliminary review of the data suggests that patients with higher body mass index have worse
outcomes following induction chemotherapy for AML compared to patients with normal BMI. We intend
to continue this study and complete this analysis in the near future.
124
Q01
The Effects of Cell Demographics on Amyloid-Beta Derived Diffusible Ligand Binding and Toxicity
Presenter(s)
Ruchi Aggarwal, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Shruthi Subramanian, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Gina Boylan, Northwestern University
William Klein, Northwestern University
Amyloid beta-derived diffusible ligands (ADDLs) negatively affect neurons in Alzheimer disease (AD).
The interaction of ADDLs and astrocytes is not well known. This investigation will determine how
ADDL binding and induced toxicity is affected by the astrocytes to neurons ratio, in vitro. The
experiment design will manipulate cell culture conditions to create neuron-enriched cultures, mixed
cultures, and astrocyte-enriched cultures, and will then perform ADDL treatments to measure binding and
toxicity. Response to ADDLs by cell type can then be analyzed. Although the experiment is in
development, we hypothesize that ADDL binding and toxicity will be influenced by the presence of
astrocytes. At this time, the type of affect is unknown. Astrocytes offer structural and nutritional support
to neurons, but also release inflammatory factors that are injurious to neurons and they are activated in an
injured AD brain. The neuron-astrocyte interaction is very complex, and little is known about the role of
astrocytes in the ADDL-induced pathology of AD. Further experimentation needs to be conducted before
we have conclusive results. Thus, we hope to optimize cultures to study the effects of ADDLs on different
cell types. Our preliminary findings will lead to more studies on the role of astrocytes in AD.
Q02
Apolipoprotein E Effects on Synapse Volume in vivo
Presenter(s)
Upashruti Agrawal, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
MaryJo LaDu, University of Illinois at Chicago
Kevin Laxton, University of Illinois at Chicago
Leon Tai, University of Illinois at Chicago
The genetics of Alzheimer disease (AD) includes causal factors, specifically autosomal dominant
mutations that increase the 42 amino acid form of amyloid-β (Aβ42) peptide and apolipoprotein E4
(apoE), the primary risk factor compared to apoE3, with apoE2 reducing risk. However, the mechanism
underlying apoE isoform effect on AD susceptibility is unknown. Neuronal synapse degeneration is a key
pathological hallmark of AD, particularly in the hippocampus, an area important for learning and
memory. To determine the effect of apoE on Aβ mediated synapse degeneration, the density and volume
of hippocampal synapses were assessed using state of the art array tomography (AT) microscopy, in
EFAD mice. EFAD mice significantly over-produce Aβ42 and one of the human apoE isoforms (apoE2,
E3, or E4). This is one of the few AD transgenic mouse models where Aβ42 pathology recapitulates the
regional development in humans. AT uses 200 nm tissue slices, which circumvents the limits imposed by
standard immunohistochemistry (>1 μm), and allows for high-resolution synapse identification. The
preliminary results of this study demonstrate that synapse volume is increased in apoE2 compared with
apoE3 or apoE4, while synapse density is similar across isoforms. Further studies will aid in our
understanding of apoE dependent differences in synapse degeneration.
125
Q03
Isolation of Cholinesterases from Plaques and Tangles in Alzheimer Disease
Presenter(s)
Christina Cheng, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Katherine Gasho, Northwestern University
Changiz Geula, Northwestern University
Alzheimer disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that is identified pathologically by the presence of
plaques and tangles in brain tissue which contain acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities.
The purpose of this investigation was to induce the release of cholinesterases from plaques and tangles.
Alzheimer brain sections were incubated in heparin, chondroitin sulphate, trypsin, or buffer alone to
interfere with the extracellular matrix that may attach cholinesterases to tissue in order to release the
cholinesterases. We then performed assays on the buffer to determine how the different chemicals and
concentrations affected the release of cholinesterases. We used cholinesterase histochemistry to determine
if the cholinesterases were released from plaques and tangles. In biochemical assays we observed that
trypsin was the most effective in releasing cholinesterases from the tissue. A significant difference in
activity was seen with trypsin present compared to samples with only buffer. The amount of
cholinesterase released was dose-dependent. We are currently working on analyzing the histochemical
tests. These results indicate that cholinesterases are released from Alzheimer's brains and may be
specifically released from plaques and tangles.
Q04
Using Hippocampal Morphometry to Detect Alzheimer Disease Pathology in Primary Progressive
Aphasia Patients
Presenter(s)
Ashley Chong, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Emily Rogalski, Northwestern University
Lei Wang, Northwestern University
Patients with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) are limited daily by their progressively deteriorating
deficit of language. My research question is: Do PPA patients undergo severe atrophy in the
hippocampus, the memory center of the brain? Magnetic resonance images of seventy-two PPA patients
and thirty-eight healthy control participants were processed with the FreeSurfer software package to
produce left hippocampal volume. The hippocampus' volumes were analyzed with the statistical analysis
program SPSS, in order to see if PPA patients had significantly smaller hippocampal volumes than that of
healthy controls. Thirty-eight controls' left hippocampal volumes were compared with that of seventy-two
PPA patients, and a significant difference was found through an independent t-test (p=0.000). A second
analysis with an independent t-test of sixteen patients of the agrammatic variant (PPA-G) and twentythree
of the logopenic variant (PPA-L) concluded there was no significant difference between the left
hippocampal volumes (p=0.074). There are currently no biomarkers for PPA, so this investigation would
be one of the small important steps toward finding a biomarker for the underlying pathology.
126
Q05
Effects of Caffeine on Motor Excitability of Skeletal Muscles in the Hand and Arm as Measured by
Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Presenter(s)
Sanggyu (Raymond) Chong, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Tonu Pius, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Todd Parrish, Northwestern University
Xue Wang, Northwestern University
Caffeine is one of the most commonly used drugs worldwide, and it is thought to help one focus mentally
and physically. To further understand the physical consequences of caffeine intake, we measured the
effect of caffeine on motor excitability of a muscle in the hand called abductor policis brevis. Transcranial
magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to provoke an involuntary muscle reaction in the abductor policis
brevis, and the magnitude and latency of the reaction was measured through the use of electromyography.
Subjects were injected with caffeine upon first visit and saline, a control fluid, upon second visit, and the
TMS data was collected before, during, and after both injections. We hypothesized that caffeine as a drug
will cause a stronger and/or faster reaction than saline. The motor threshold varied between the caffeine
and the saline data, so normalization by the baseline of threshold was done to compare the two. The
analysis of the normalized data showed that caffeine always produced responses greater than the baseline
data, and compared to saline, caffeine caused steeper changes. The data from the analysis confirmed that
the injection of caffeine produced an effect on the motor excitability of the skeletal muscles in the hand.
Q06
The Effects of Menstrual Cycle Phase on Memory in Naturally Cycling Women
Presenter(s)
Julianne Crawford, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Pauline Maki, University of Illinois at Chicago
Antonia Savarese, University of Illinois at Chicago
Mary Winters, University of Illinois at Chicago
Estrogen has been shown to impact various aspects of cognition. A prior study, utilizing a within-subjects
design, reported that menstrual cycle phase does not have an impact on verbal memory in naturally
cycling women, as measured by the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT). The CVLT is a sixteenitem
word list, and is a commonly used measure of immediate and long-term memory. To remove the
confound of practice effects between sessions, the present study measured CVLT performance in a
between-subjects design with fifty-two naturally cycling women, ages 18-40, either during the follicular
phase (low estrogen levels, n = 27) or midluteal phase (n = 25) of the menstrual cycle. There was a
significant difference in hormone levels between groups, with significantly higher levels of estrogen in
the midluteal group. Inconsistent with the work of Mordecai, et al., the midluteal group performed better
than the follicular group on measures of immediate learning, CVLT Trial 1 (p=.05) and Trial B (p=.04).
No significant difference between groups was observed on CVLT delayed or cued recall trials. Thus, the
present study indicates that naturally cycling women in the midluteal phase may have an advantage for
tasks specifically related to immediate learning.
127
Q07
Using Resting State Functional Connectivity as a Biomarker to Access the Treatment Effects in
Chronic Stroke Patients
Presenter(s)
Justin Feng, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Todd Parrish, Northwestern University
Xue Wang, Northwestern University
Chronic stroke patients suffer from brain damage caused by the cranial disturbance of blood. In my
experiment, I determined the effects of therapy by analyzing resting-state connectivity of the brain of
stroke patients. The structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of forty-seven chronic
stroke patients were taken twice at Northwestern University, before and after physical therapy. During
each imaging session, the patients were to perform a simple motor task for two sessions (280
seconds/session) with a block design of 30 seconds of task and 30 seconds of rest. The rest periods were
extracted and concatenated for further analysis. Functional MRI images were motion corrected,
smoothed, and normalized to a standard template. Twenty-seven regions of interest, including motor,
premotor cortex, caudate, and so forth, were selected and correlated with the rest of the brain. Intrinsic
correlated functional circuitry in stroke patient has been discovered. From there, we analyzed the regions
of interest, specifically the precentral and postcentral cortexes, as well as other major areas, and
performed various statistical tests on them, including paired t-tests and correlation analysis. After these
steps were completed, behavioral measures were correlated with the network measures to predict who
would recover. Further analysis will be performed to investigate the treatment effect.
128
Q08
Effect of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridnium on Dopamine Neuron Loss in LPS Mouse Model of
Parkinson's Disease
Presenter(s)
Brinda Gupta, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Paul Carvey, Rush University Medical Center
Bill Hendey, Rush University Medical Center
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurological disorder, characterized by degeneration
of dopamine (DA) neurons within the substantia nigra (SN). 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-
tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is nontoxic, passes through blood-brain barrier (BBB), and produces murine
PD models. The purpose of this experiment was to analyze effects of the MPTP toxic metabolite 1-
methyl-4-phenylpyridnium (MPP+) on DA neurons in mice with prenatally injected lipopolysaccharide
(LPS). LPS was hypothesized to compromise BBB, allowing tail-vein injected MPP+ to be taken up via
the dopamine transporter, going into the neuronal synapses. Twenty-one C57/BL6 male mice were given
saline or LPS prenatally (5 mg/kg). At eleven months, mice had MPP+ or LPS injected via the tail vein
(120 μg/mL). All mice were perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde, fixed for 24 hours, and sliced into
series of 40 μm sections. After, they were tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH-ir) stained, and
examined using StereoInvestigator to evaluate TH-ir neurons within the SN. Average DA count for
saline/saline and saline/MPP+ mice was significantly higher than LPS/saline and LPS/MPP+.
saline/saline, saline/MPP+, LPS/saline, and LPS/MPP+ mice had 10362.41, 10834.19, 8813.42 and
8387.11 DA neurons respectively. LPS plays a role in DA degeneration. Toxins destroy DA neurons
because they pass through compromised BBB, allowing for new PD pathogenesis.
Q09
The Relationship Between Effect-Site Concentration of Propofol and Burst Suppression of the
Electroencephalogram in Patients Undergoing Cerebrovascular Procedures
Presenter(s)
Janell Herrera, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Jessica Ventenilla, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Mehmet Ozcan, University of Illinois at Chicago
Guy Weinberg, University of Illinois at Chicago
In a brain aneurysm surgery, brain protection is provided by propofol. The degree of brain protection is
measured by burst suppression ratio (BSR) on electroencephalogram (EEG). The propofol effect-site
concentration (Ce) to achieve a specific BSR is unknown. We determined the BSR in a range of propofol
Ce. Forty-two patients having brain aneurysm surgery between the ages of 18-80 were recruited. Patients
were divided into three groups depending on their remifentanil dosing. Propofol Ce was increased step
wise until the BSR of greater than 90% was achieved. BSR was recorded continuously with an EEG
monitor. In a sample patient, BSR was first observed at propofol Ce of 6 μg/ml and BSR was greater than
90% at propofol Ce of 8μg/ml. The study is open until 2012 and recruitment of patients is ongoing. We
expect to determine the propofol Ce range that can achieve a clinically needed level of brain protection. In
addition, we expect to determine the potential synergistic or additive effects between remifentanil and
propofol in achieving brain protection.
129
Q10
The Effects of Late Life Depression on Executive Function in the Clock Drawing Test
Presenter(s)
Irene Jiang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Melissa Lamar, University of Illinois at Chicago
The Clock Drawing Test (CDT) is a well-known, widely used neuropsychological test that measures
aspects of executive function, visuospatial abilities, and graphomotor processing. Executive function is
impaired in subjects with late-life depression (LLD), and we can look to the CDT as an assessment of
executive dysfunction. Sixty-three subjects were taken from two studies being conducted within the
University of Illinois at Chicago Department of Psychiatry; thirty-two healthy controls (HC) of age =
65.50 ± 3.95 years and thirty-one LLD of age = 65.39 ± 6.94 years. During the CDT, subjects drew a
command clock setting the time to ten minutes after eleven, and copied a clock set to the same time. Both
were drawn using a digitizing pen that photographed output at a rate of 80 times/second. Data was
uploaded onto a computer and scored for executive function measures of planning ('hooklet' from the end
of one stroke and 'hooking' toward the next) and mental manipulation (time setting). There was a
significant difference between HC and LLD groups in the number of hooklets in command and copy
(p≤0.05), but no differences in mental manipulation as measured by time setting. These results indicate
impaired planning and executive function in LLD making it possible to use the CDT as a quick and
accurate test for LLD.
Q11
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure: A Study in the Change of Body Mass Index in Obstructive
Sleep Apnea Syndrome Patients
Presenter(s)
Harsha Jujjavarapu, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Sarah Zallek, St.Francis Medical Center
The risk for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) goes up as one's weight goes up. Weight loss is an
effective treatment for OSAS; OSAS can contribute to weight gain. One mechanism of weight gain is by
disabling leptin, a hormone that signals satiety. Treatment of OSAS with continuous positive airway
pressure (CPAP) can improve leptin function and may contribute to weight loss. The purpose of this study
was to find whether or not OSAS patients lost weight after regular CPAP usage over a span of ten years,
and if those who did not regularly adhere to CPAP would lose less weight than those who adhered to it
regularly. Subjects who used CPAP for an average of greater than seven hours per night for at least 85%
of the nights were considered treatment subjects. Control subjects were patients who used CPAP for an
average of less than four hours per night. The change in body mass index (BMI) between treatment and
control subjects was not significantly different after one year of CPAP treatment (P=0.966). However,
BMI did significantly increase in both groups (P=.024). In this study, both the treatment and control
subjects gained a significant amount of weight. Other factors may affect weight in CPAP patients.
Another experiment with more patients may produce different results.
130
Q12
Effect of Neurotoxin MPP+ on Additional Nigral Dopaminergic Neuron Loss in the MPTP Mouse
Model of Parkinson's Disease
Presenter(s)
Harsha Jujjavarapu, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Paul Carvey, Rush University Medical Center
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that progressively impairs motor skills.
Symptoms are mainly caused by a selective loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra. Current
thought hypothesizes that a compromised blood brain barrier (BBB) may allow peripheral immunological
or neurotoxic invasion into the brain resulting in additional dopamine neuron loss. The 1-methyl-4-
phenyl-1,2,3,6,-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model is a well-established acute model for
parkinsonism. MPTP metabolizes into 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), a neurodegenerative
molecule which causes selective dopaminergic neuron death. The ionic MPP+ does not cross the BBB.
Twenty-four retired male C57/BL6 mice were treated with MPTP (9 mg/kg) or saline. Saline or MPP+
(120 mg/120 ml) was injected intravenously on day five. Mice were sacrificed at day ten and brains were
fixed, sliced, immunohistochemically stained for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and examined
stereologically. MPP+ is expected to cross the BBB and further progress dopaminergic neuronal damage.
Bilateral TH immunoreactivity count for the saline/saline and saline/MPP+ mice was significantly higher
than the MPTP/saline and MPTP/MPP+ groups (12032, 12176, 8762, 6769), including a statistically
significant difference between saline/saline and MPTP/saline (p= .016). No statistical difference was
found between MPTP/MPP+ and MPTP/salinel despite an additional 16.5% dopamine neuron loss.
131
Q13
The Role of MAN2A2 Expression in Glioma Proliferation and Invasivity
Presenter(s)
Timothy Klincewicz, Community High School District 117
Areen Pitaktong, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Roger Kroes, Northwestern University
The surfaces of cells are strewn with myriads of glycoconjugates - carbohydrate structures bound to cells'
external lipids and proteins. These glycoconjugates dominate interactions between cells, including
cell:cell communication and adhesion. Altering these structures has been shown to affect the invasiveness
and proliferation of cancer cells. A previous microarray analysis of glyco-gene expression demonstrated
that, among several other genes, levels of MAN2A2 expression in normal brain cells was significantly
higher than that in gliomas. Towards the development of potential therapeutics, we initially cloned the
protein coding region of the human MAN2A2 gene from normal human brain by standard reverse
transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Because this region is relatively large, we amplified two
overlapping amplicons and, following ligation of the complementary regions, reamplified the single,
contiguous large cDNA by polymerase chain reaction. Following direct sequence validation, we ligated
the insert into the pcDNA3 mammalian expression vector and stably transfected the resulting MAN2A2-
expressing construct into the human U373MG glioma cell line. We then demonstrated successful
transfection into five of the resulting cell lines, in which each expressed higher levels of MAN2A2
mRNA (normalized to GAPDH, a control gene) relative to controls. An in vitro comparison of invasive
behavior between these cell lines will demonstrate the potential relationship between MAN2A2 gene
expression and resulting cell invasiveness and proliferation.
132
Q14
Progression of Performance Obtained During a Revolutionary Balance Exercise Regimen That
Challenges Post-Stroke Survivors Beyond Their Limits of Stability
Presenter(s)
Alekya Kothamasu, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Alexandra Roman, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
David Brown, Northwestern University
Nicole Korda, Northwestern University
Hemiplegia, resulting from stroke, is a condition in which the limbs on one side of the body become
impaired, worsening balance. This investigation uses the KineAssist® (KA), a robotic assistive device
that allows physical therapists to push patients past their limits of stability, while keeping them safe, in
contrast to the conservative approach usually taken in the clinic. Participants were placed in one of three
condition groups where they worked on a set of nine balance exercises over six weeks. In group 1, they
completed the exercises while using the KA and worked at their maximum level of difficulty (MLD). In
group 2, the participants worked with a physical therapist and worked at their MLD. In group 3, they used
the KA to complete exercises at levels above their MLD. Progressive performance variables for each
exercise consisted of level changes and success percentage (SP) measured per week. Analyses found
significant improvement in MLD for each training group, and SP increases in group 2 over the six week
period while SP decreased for group 3. These results demonstrate that stroke survivors succeeded in
improving balance performance with challenging exercises, and support the idea that the regimen can be
tolerated and beneficial.
Q15
Characterization of HuR Overexpression in a Post-Ischemic Penumbra
Presenter(s)
Vignessh Kumar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Agnieszka Ardelt, University of Chicago
Randall Carpenter, University of Chicago
Stroke is the third leading cause of death and the leading cause of disability in the United States.
Currently, there are limited therapies that help patients regain lost muscle control. This investigation
examines the transgenic expression of an mRNA binding protein, HuR, in astrocytes and assesses
whether it can aid in functional recovery after stroke, and determines whether ischemia and estrogen
treatment regulate the expression of a HuR-FLAG transgene in mice. Immunofluorescent imaging was
conducted using antibodies targeting a FLAG epitope bound to overexpressed HuR. This project used
immunofluorescent staining protocols to stain coronal mouse brain sections in order to determine the
FLAG response to ischemic stroke in three subpopulations of transgenic mice: males, hormonally intact
females, and ovariectomized (OVX) females with placebo or estrogen treatment. Initial observations
detailed an increase in FLAG expression in the ischemic hemisphere 24 hours after reperfusion. A higher
increase in FLAG was observed in hormonally intact females compared to males. However, OVX females
treated with estrogen did not have a significant difference in FLAG expression compared to the placebo
group. This led to the conclusion that another hormone present in females, such as progesterone, may
cause the regulation of the transgene due to ischemia.
133
Q16
Dopamine Regulation of Phosphorylation of Cone-Cone Gap Junctions in Ground Squirrel Retina
Presenter(s)
Xiaoyu Li, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Steven DeVries, Northwestern University
Cone photoreceptors are electrically coupled such that when the electrical potential in one cell changes, it
also changes in adjacent, coupled cells. Phosphorylation of the cone gap junction protein, connexin 36
(Cx36), determines whether a coupling channel is open or closed. Cx36-containing gap junctions are
phosphorylated in the open state and dephosphorylated in the closed state. Cone-cone gap junction
modulation has not been extensively studied, however, the presence of rod-cone gap junction modulation
raises the possibility that the same is true for cone pairs. Pieces (2 x 2 mm) of thirteen-lined ground
squirrel retina were removed from the eye and incubated for 2 hrs at room temperature in a solution that
contained either dopamine (100 μM) or dopamine antagonist (spiperone and SCH23390, 10 μM each).
After incubation, the tissue was cut into 100 μm thick slices, fixed, and labeled with separate antibodies
to Cx36 and phosphorylated Cx36. Cone-cone gap junctions were then imaged in the tissue slices using a
Zeiss LSM 510 confocal microscope. The colocalization of the antibody labels under the two conditions
was quantified using MetaMorph software. Preliminary analysis suggests that the ratio of
dephosphorylated to phosphorylated gap junctions is higher in dopamine versus the dopamine antagonist
treated tissue. The results are consistent with the idea that dopamine, which is released during the
daytime, induces dephosphorylation and thus closes gap junctions.
Q17
Mapping Verbal Memory Through Electrocorticographic Readings of Subdural Electrodes
Presenter(s)
Egle Malinauskaite, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Paul Yuan, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Vernon Leo Towle, University of Chicago
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that causes individuals to experience recurrent and potentially
disabling seizures. When pharmacological treatment is ineffective, some patients must choose surgery in
order to have the epileptic focus removed. Unfortunately, many patients experience a post-surgical
decline in verbal memory. The electrocorticographic patterns of twelve patients with surgically implanted
subdural electrodes were studied. During a forty-minute testing period, patients underwent various tasks
involving long- and short-term memory, mathematical calculations, conversational questions, and word
repetition. The tracking of language processing and verbal memory was hypothesized to be done through
high frequency power and low frequency coherence. Localized increases in high gamma band power (70-
100 Hz) were observed in response to warning tones, presented words, and the patient's verbal response.
Increases in high gamma band power were observed during language processing but were absent during
verbal memory. Analysis of inter-electrode theta band (4-8 Hz) coherence dynamics suggested
communication between the temporal and frontal lobes during memory scanning. Future studies will
utilize Granger causality as an alternate form of analysis. Locating and understanding areas important to
verbal memory may improve surgical outcomes and alleviate cognitive decline for epilepsy patients.
134
Q18
Degradation and TRIP8b Maintenance of HCN1 and HCN2 Channels
Presenter(s)
Pujan Patel, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Dane Chetkovich, Northwestern University
Deficiencies, mutations, and mislocalizations of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-regulated
(HCN) channels, nervous ion channels responsible for maintaining membrane polarization for signaling
on dendrites, have been noted in epilepsy, hippocampal seizures, and several electrocardial disorders. The
adapter protein tetratricopeptide-repeat containing Rab8b interacting protein (TRIP8b) has been looked to
as a potential drug therapy for these HCN channel disorders. In this study, we test for the underlying
relationship between TRIP8b and HCN channels. We do so through the hypothesis that HCN channels are
fated to degrade within the cell and that TRIP8b prevents this degradation, and localizes HCN channels,
by binding to HCN channels specifically on only the dendrites. We are testing the use of HaloTagTM
fusion protein technology and a pulse-chase analysis. HaloTagTM fusion proteins were fused with HCN1
and HCN2 through cloning, and then tested for proper expression in human embryonic kidney cells, so as
to measure them with pulse-chase analysis. Knowing the relationship of TRIP8b and HCN channels and
showing how it can maintain these channels may lead to the development of drug therapies for these fatal
diseases.
Q19
Identification of Clathrin and Adapter Protein Interacting TRIP8b Splices
Presenter(s)
Pujan Patel, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Dane Chetkovich, Northwestern University
Ye Han, Northwestern University
The adapter protein tetratricopeptide-repeat containing Rab8b interacting protein (TRIP8b) has been
identified in the regulation of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-regulated (HCN) ion channels
via cellular membrane trafficking. TRIP8b occurs in nine isoforms that interact with the endocytosis
protein clathrin and adapter proteins 1 and 2 (AP1 and AP2). This study wishes to identify which
isoforms of TRIP8b interact with the clathrin and adapter proteins to the indentify those that are
specifically involved in the downregulation and upregulation of HCN channels. Interactions were tested
with yeast two-hybrid screens and GST-pulldown assays. All interactions were tested first with the yeast
two-hybrid screening protocol, and did get data suggesting interactions between TRIP8b and clathrin and
AP1 and AP2, however they were inconclusive due to the interactions in our positive controls. The main
finding has been that the yeast two-hybrid method is difficult to perform on the specific constructs we
developed to test the interactions. Testing was continued with GST pulldown assays, which are currently
in progress. Identifying which isoforms of TRIP8b downregulate and upregulate HCN channels is critical
in developing possible drug therapies for epilepsy and hippocampal seizures, which observe a
pathophysiology that includes the loss of HCN channels.
135
Q20
Gender Differences of Neural Correlates Supporting Empathy in Schizophrenia
Presenter(s)
Nicole Runkle, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Matthew Smith, Northwestern University
Research shows that schizophrenia patients (SCZ) have empathy deficits. Regions of brain activation
while performing empathy-based tasks include the anterior insula (AI), temporoparietal junction (TPJ),
and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Prior studies show that when compared to controls (CON), SCZ
have reduced activation in these regions while performing empathy-based tasks. Research also shows that
when compared to males, females show stronger activation in the AI and ACC regions, while males show
stronger activation than females in the TPJ. Few studies have examined gender differences in empathy
neural networks in SCZ. We assessed neural correlates of empathy using functional magnetic resonance
imaging (fMRI) techniques. Analysis of functional neuroimages (AFNI) was used to preprocess and
analyze fMRI data. Analysis-of-variance was used to examine between-group differences in the bloodoxygen-
level-dependent (BOLD) response across the brain. This whole-brain analysis showed that female
SCZ had a stronger BOLD response in the right TPJ, while male SCZ had a stronger BOLD response in
the AI. No differences were found in the ACC. These findings suggest that gender differences previously
found in CON were not consistent in SCZ. This also suggests that although SCZ have empathy deficits,
males and females have a reduced BOLD response in distinct regions.
Q21
Mouse Models in the Genomic Age
Presenter(s)
Shannon Tai, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Kelly Yom, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Kay Grennan, University of Chicago
Chun-Yu Liu, University of Chicago
Telomeres are DNA-protein complexes that can be found at the end of each chromosome and are
important for protecting genes. Here, we tested the correlation between age and telomere length in
laboratory mice. DNA from the left cerebellum and blood was extracted from groups of laboratory mice
of different ages. This DNA was then analyzed with quantitative polymerase chain reaction to determine
the relative telomere lengths of the various groups. No significant difference was observed between the
telomere lengths of the different age groups. This means that aging is unlikely to be related to telomere
length in laboratory mice. Furthermore, a significant difference was found between the telomere lengths
in the left cerebellum and those of the blood, which may mean that the telomere lengths in the brain are
not able to accurately represent the telomere lengths in the blood, and vice versa. These results are
important because these mice models may be able to be used to predict the behavior of telomere lengths
in humans or other mammals. In the future, this data can facilitate investigations in microarray gene
expression to observe the changes that occur in the brains of laboratory mice after the addition of a
stressor.
136
R01
Searching for a High Mass Standard Model Higgs Boson in 6.3 fb-1 of Data at the D0 Detector
Presenter(s)
Alexander Abbinante, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Wesley Bradley, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Ryuji Yamada, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
In the Standard Model of particle physics, two problems that are left unaccounted for are electroweak
symmetry breaking and the large masses of the W and Z bosons. The predominant theory to explain these
is the Higgs mechanism, which predicts the existence of a massive scalar boson now known as the Higgs
boson. The particle has never been directly observed, and doing so is the main goal of the collider
experiments at Fermilab's Tevatron. This analysis describes a search for a high mass Standard Model
Higgs boson by the D0 detector at the Tevatron collider. Proton-antiproton collisions with a center-ofmass
energy of 1.96 TeV totaling 6.3 fb-1 of data are examined. Our work is centered on the decay mode
WH → W(WW) → lv(jj·jj), where H is the Higgs boson, W is a W boson, lv is a lepton-neutrino pair, and
jj·jj represents four jets, with a specific focus on Higgs masses in the range of 175-185 GeV. Covered
extensively is the development of an analysis framework written in the ROOT programming language and
used to model and compare simulations to data. The result is a program which can be used to search for
evidence of the Higgs across multiple channels.
R02
Detecting Cosmic Muons: Calibrating an Efficient Straw Chamber
Presenter(s)
Natasha Arvanitis, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Laura Napierkowski, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Brendan Casey, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Mandy Rominski, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Geoffrey Savage, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
We worked on detector research and development for a tracking detector as a part of the muon g-2
experiment. The g-2 experiment is designed to make high-precision measurements of the magnetic
moment of the muon in order to test the validity of the Standard Model of particle physics. Our objective
was to maximize the efficiency of a straw chamber. A straw consists of a long metallic cylinder with a
sense wire in the middle. When a particle passes through the straw, it ionizes the gas inside and allows the
sense wire to send a signal to electronics, which do preliminary data filtration and output the data to a text
file. Hardware and software were both used to filter out as much noise as possible. The optimal settings
were found to be 1700 and 1680 V for the triggering photomultiplier tubes, 1600 V for the straws, one
microsecond delay, and low vacuum pressure. It was found that filtering out any events with more than
fifty hits eliminated the majority of the obvious noise events. The methods we developed and the
programs we created will be used by the muon g-2 collaboration as they create and test new tracking
detectors.
137
R03
Modeling the Strong Gravitational Lensing System, Clone, Using Data from the Hubble Space
Telescope
Presenter(s)
Amber Betzold, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Huan Lin, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
The strong gravitational lensing system nick-named the clone was originally discovered as SDSS
J120602.09 514229.5 in the Sloan Bright Arcs Survey. The system consists of a luminous red galaxy and
its smaller neighbors (z = 0.422) lensing a bright background galaxy (z = 2.001). A small luminous
satellite galaxy present near the Einstein radius splits the arc. We modeled the system based on several
different exposures from the Hubble Space Telescope at wavelengths 450, 606, and 814 nm, using two
previously existing programs, galfit and lensview. Using the outputs from these programs, we were able
to generate information about the surface mass density, luminosity, and dark matter content of the system.
Using a singular isothermal ellipsoid model for the lens yields an Einstein radius of 3.8 inches and a mass
within that radius of 2.87 x 10¹² solar masses. We calculated a total mass to light ratio of about 19 solar
masses per solar luminosity. Our results are comparable with those obtained in previous studies of the
system, but we have made new measurements of the dark matter fraction in the system. Our results
support the growing evidence of high ratios of dark matter to luminous matter present in these systems.
R04
The Accuracy of Galaxy Cluster Mass Estimates Based on Weak Gravitational Lensing Techniques
Presenter(s)
Stephanie Cheng, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
James Annis, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Weak gravitational lensing is the bending of light due to the pull of large bodies such as galaxy clusters.
In analyzing these distortions, mass estimates of the cluster can be made. However, because weak lensing
affects all galaxies in the same part of the sky, estimates might erroneously include objects outside of the
cluster. The purpose of this study is to determine how accurately one can recover the true mass of a
cluster using weak lensing techniques. To do this, I calculated estimates for high mass (M200 > 5x1013),
low redshift (z < 0.25) clusters simulated by the Dark Energy Survey project. By using simulated clusters,
I could then compare my estimates to the true masses. Current results show estimates to differ by +/- 20-
30% from the true masses. This indicates that neighboring objects may be a significant source of error in
weak lensing techniques. Unlike other techniques, mass estimates from weak lensing account for the dark
matter in a galaxy cluster. By gaining accurate mass estimates, one can determine the amount of dark
matter in a cluster. With improved lensing techniques, astrophysicists can better understand dark matter
and its role in the Universe.
138
R05
Differentiating Neutrino Events
Presenter(s)
Mohammed Hayat, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Maury Goodman, Argonne National Laboratory
A significant fact about neutrinos is that they have non-zero masses. Neutrinos are detected through
experiments in which detectors full of scintillator display particle paths. Each neutrino has a
characteristically unique way of being identified through detectors; muon neutrinos through
distinguishable linear regression of muons, electron neutrinos through scattered linear regressions of
electrons, and pions, though similar to electrons, through two electromagnetic streaks, which are the plots
of gammas formed from a single decaying pion. Identifying neutrinos through visual algorithms may
prove to be difficult graphically due to similarities between particles, but creating patterns and algorithms
increase the probability of identifying a particle correctly. This study investigates the creation of visual
and computer algorithms to assist in differentiating these particles from one another. At Argonne National
Laboratory, visual algorithms were created; results include calculated figure of merits, efficiency of
algorithms, and compared and contrasted differentiating algorithms. These results conclude that muon
neutrinos are the easiest to detect, whereas electron neutrinos in combination with pions are the hardest to
differentiate. These results will allow scientists to differentiate neutrinos efficiently.
R06
Energy Calibration of Electron Antineutrino Using Boron-12 Beta Decays
Presenter(s)
Holly Hernandez, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Michelangelo D'Agostino, Argonne National Laboratory
Maury Goodman, Argonne National Laboratory
Seventy years ago, Enrico Fermi hypothesized the existence of a massless, chargeless particle, called the
neutrino. Neutrinos come in three different flavors: electron, muon, and tau. In the 1990's, physicists
found that neutrinos oscillate, or change into other flavors, and so they must have mass. This
contradiction of the Standard Model of particle physics inspired dozens of new neutrino experiments. One
of those experiments is Double Chooz, where electron antineutrinos from a nuclear reactor are detected in
two identical detectors. As scientists try to distinguish how many antineutrinos disappear between the two
detectors, they measure the amount of scintillation light created when neutrinos interact in each reaction
containment vessel. However, the light output is not as important the amount of energy that was initially
possessed by the neutrino. To determine the relationship between observed light and energy, this study
measured beta decays of Boron 12, which has a well known energy spectrum. The objective is to
determine which formula most accurately calculates the amount of energy released and how precisely we
can calibrate the energy with this method. Using data from Monte Carlo simulations, histograms were
generated and analyzed the information with the help of the ROOT programming language.
139
R07
Transfer Line Design from the Recycler Ring to the P150 Line for the Mu2e- Project at Fermi
National Accelerator Laboratory
Presenter(s)
Shantanu Jain, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Meiqin Xiao, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
With the opening of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, Fermilab's Tevatron will be shut down, freeing
three storage rings. Under the proposed Mu2e- project, this infrastructure will be reused to convert muons
to electrons. This project requires that 8-GeV protons be transferred from the Booster to the Antiproton
source (Pbar). Dr. Meiqin Xiao's original design offered insufficient room between the new line and the
recycler ring and P150 line. Mathematically, the transfer line is represented by a matrix of lattice
functions, which represent various parameters of the transfer line, such as the Twiss functions, βx, βy, αx,
and αy, dispersion functions Dx, Dpx, Dy, and Dpy, and phase advances μx, and μy. Since the design
requires that the transfer line inject the beam with predetermined parameters, the Methodical Accelerator
Design program was used to match the extraction point's matrix to the injection point's matrix, while
holding the strength of the magnets constant. This resulted in reduced distances between the magnetic
elements of the FODO-cell, allowing for sufficient space between the magnets and other nearby
hardware. Once implemented, the line will enable Pbar to become a set of proton storage rings as part of
the Mu2e- project, a setup that would create original research opportunities.
R08
Modeling Quench Propagation in a System of Interconnected Superconducting Coils
Presenter(s)
Emil Khabiboulline, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Iouri Terechkine, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Superconducting magnets yield a wide scope of useful applications, but they must account for the
development of quenches, a phenomenon through which the energy stored in the magnetic field dissipates
in a concentrated location. This process not only causes the loss of superconductivity, but can also
severely damage the magnet and its surroundings. Computer modeling of quench propagation allows for
the analysis of protection techniques that limit the negative effects of quenches. In this research, several
variations of a program based on the MATLAB computing language were created to model quench
propagation in a system of superconducting focusing solenoids planned for future use at Fermilab. The
investigation yielded results regarding the effects of dump resistor placement and resistance on quench
propagation. Data such as maximum temperature, voltage to ground, energy dissipation, and current
decay was acquired through the computer programs. Currently, modeling and data collection has been
completed for two quench protection schemes, with both models taking into account the location of the
quench's origin. Further analysis has determined which of these techniques should be implemented for
most effective protection. The results of this work may influence the design of future devices using
superconducting solenoids, such as particle accelerators.
140
R09
Optimization of Event Selection for the Higgs Boson Sensitivity at the Collider Detector at
Fermilab
Presenter(s)
Benjamin Kuo, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Eric James, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Sergo Jindariani, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
The Standard Model (SM) of particle physics, proposed in the 1960s, is a quantum field theory which
describes the world of elementary particles and laws of their interactions, and most of its predictions have
been tested and confirmed experimentally. The only unobserved particle in the SM today is the Higgs
boson which facilitates the interaction in the Higgs Field that creates mass. The search for this particle is
difficult due to large backgrounds - other particles producing signatures similar to that of the Higgs boson
in the detectors. In this Monte Carlo simulation-based study we aimed to demonstrate that the signal to
background ratio can be significantly improved by the use of a program to compare and contrast
information from two independent subsystems of the Collider Detector at Fermilab - the tracker and
calorimeter. We applied many cuts to calorimeter data such as muon correction, lepton selection, and
invariant mass limits. With these cuts, we hope to find true discrepancies that facilitate with Higgs
identification with the tracker. Currently, running this program on testing sets, background noise is
reduced. Ideally, after some revision, it can be run over other real data sets to filter through data needed to
be analyzed, making the search easier.
R10
Tracking the Construction and Performance of the NOvA Detector
Presenter(s)
John Lee, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jonathan Paley, Argonne National Laboratory
The NOvA detector is a particle physics detector that is used to observe neutrinos and measure neutrino
oscillations. The main focus of this investigation is to track the construction and performance of the
NOvA detector. As the NOvA detector is part of a $270 million project, it is critical to track its
construction and performance. To do so, we have written a computer program using the computer
language Python to extract data from several databases to generate progress reports and plots for quality
control of detector components and overall performance of the operations of the detectors in the
experiment. These progress reports and plots are critical to optimizing detector performance.
141
R11
Optimizing Nanometer-Scale Features
Presenter(s)
Kiwook Lee, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
David Czaplewski, Argonne National Laboratory
Electron beam lithography is a key technology to create precise nanometer structures as designed.
Through e-beam lithography, electrons are focused into a resist layer to create the design. However, some
electrons are scattered back to the resist causing changes in the original pattern. In order to create precise
patterns, the pattern must account for the additional dose of the backscattered electrons. A silicon-oninsulator
wafer was coated by negative resist, patterned by e-beam lithography, and developed by
chemicals to keep only the exposed parts. The pattern consisted of a large annulus with a small pillar at
the center. A pillar height, influenced by the radius of the annulus and the amount of electron dose, was
measured by atomic force microscope. Pillar heights with the 350 μC/cm² electron dose stayed to full
height until 14.5 μm radius and dropped rapidly after. Without the proximity effect, the first pillar was
formed at 893 μC/cm² electron dose with a height of 125 nm and its height increased as the electron dose
increased. The data points from these patterns were then inserted into a Gaussian equation to calculate the
constant beta. This beta constant will be used to optimize features of 100 nm or larger.
R12
Dynamics of Two-Dimensional Granular Gases
Presenter(s)
Peter Lu, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Justin Burton, University of Chicago
Sidney Nagel, University of Chicago
Granular gases are composed of nearly identical particles that are large enough for inter-molecular forces
to be negligible, for example, sand. In these gases, particles undergo inelastic collisions and lose kinetic
energy upon impact. Thus, the total kinetic energy of the gas decreases with time. However, a large-scale
laboratory model of a granular gas has yet to be realized. We have constructed such an experiment using a
very flat, smooth, aluminum plate with sloped boundaries. The granular particles are pellets of solid
carbon dioxide (dry ice), which float on a cushion of gas due to sublimation near the metal surface
(Leidenfrost effect), essentially forming a two-dimensional granular gas. Computer simulations of
granular gases reveal striking clustering patterns where particles bunch together in dense regions.
Preliminary results show that clustering depends on the initial positions and velocities of the particles and
tends to occur near the boundaries of the plate, but can sometimes occur in the center. To accompany the
experiment, we compare our results to computer simulations of a two-dimensional granular gas with
reflecting boundaries, which qualitatively shows the same behavior as the experiment. This clustering
may have implications for phenomena such as structure and planet formation in large dust clouds.
142
R13
An Automated Algorithm for Closed Orbit Correction
Presenter(s)
Erik Luo, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Charles Thangaraj, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
In modern accelerators, beam steering deals with particles as they travel down a beamline along a specific
path, and how beam position monitors and dipole corrector magnets are used to change their path. Due to
the machine's environment, particle drift, and external influences, the orbit is often not where it is desired,
so correctors must apply a "kick" in order to steer the orbit into position. Reviewing articles and papers on
this topic, I studied how matrix techniques including singular value decomposition (SVD) use beamline
data to calculate the precise corrector values needed to correct the global orbit. Using the Octave
programming language, I created programs that calculate these values and identify where they need to be
applied. I discovered the details to generate successful SVD results and improve their accuracy, as well as
how to interpret the results. This technique was compared to local orbit correction, in which particles are
bumped out of orbit along a small section of the beamline. I am investigating other techniques to increase
the efficiency of these programs using selected data. By testing and comparing different algorithms, I can
provide physicists a model for automatic closed orbit correction.
R14
Determining the Optimal Silicon Photomultiplier Device to Measure High Energy Particle
Collisions
Presenter(s)
Tuopu Ma, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jacob Anderson, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Juliana Whitmore, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) are analog devices that measure light intensity. Currently, the Compact
Muon Solenoid (CMS) is in need of a replacement device. The purpose of this investigation has been to
evaluate various models of existing and theoretical SiPM devices and to determine the most effective one
that can be used to measure the energy of particle collisions at CMS. Fifteen types of SiPMs, including
eight existing and seven non-existent models, with various capabilities were tested using a computer
program that simulated particle collisions. In the analysis of the mean and RMS values, results revealed
that four theoretical devices met the optimal conditions, but only two existing ones satisfied requirements.
These six devices also all used an optical detector unit (ODU) rather than an electrical detector unit
(EDU). However, it should be noted that ODUs have the disadvantage that they are more difficult to
construct. As a result, it is difficult to definitively choose either an ODU or EDU for SiPMs. With respect
to the devices, though, the main factors that affect viability are the response times and the total number of
pixels. These results will greatly assist CMS in determining the SiPM device that meets its specifications.
143
R15
Measuring Time Calibrations in Waveform Digitizing for Practical Positron Emission Tomography
Applications
Presenter(s)
Eric Ordonez, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Chien Kao, University of Chicago
This Student Inquiry and Research investigation is a research endeavor in positron emission tomography
(PET). PET is a medical imaging technique that uses gamma ray detection to reconstruct images of the
human body. Specifically, efforts were focused on learning the specifications and capabilities of the
DRS4 waveform digitizing chip and its applications to PET. Utilizing waveform digitizing in PET
detectors is an innovative design. Because of experimental limitations, this investigation featured
extensive research and analysis of other studies and publications to discuss the possibility of using the
said chip and the future implications of such a design. This research project yielded a fundamental
understanding of PET and the physics and mechanisms associated with the process. Because of their
relevance to the DRS4, time was dedicated to learning the physical phenomena involved in PET detection
as well as the workings of circuits and analog-to-digital conversion. Based on the current progress of the
research, the initial conclusion has been made that waveform digitizing could drastically reduce PET
detector size and costs in addition to greatly increasing timing accuracies and reconstructed image
resolutions. The next step would be to test the chip in a detector to confirm its compatibility in such a
design.
R16
Calibration of Dark Energy Camera Charge-Coupled Device Images in the Dark Energy Survey
Filter System Using Astronomical Standard Stars
Presenter(s)
Deokgeun Park, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Tom Diehl, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Douglas Tucker, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Astronomical images taken from a telescope must go through image processing to remove instrumental
signatures. The Dark Energy Survey (DES), which will start operations in 2012, will use a 570 megapixel
dark energy camera (DECam) to study the mystery of the acceleration of the expanding universe. The
DECam will use DES filters, and 74 of a new type of astronomical CCD that is particularly efficient in
detecting near-infrared light. Together, the DES filters and DECam CCDs are optimized for the
measurement of redshifts of distant galaxies. In preparation for the DES, data were collected from the 1m
telescope, at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) in Chile, using a DES filter set and a
DECam CCD as a test set for the initial analysis of data. Here, these CTIO-1m data were used to
determine the relationship between the apparent brightness of star's of known brightness (standard stars)
and the amount of air the telescope looks through (angular distance from the zenith or airmass). This
relationship was tested against the results from other telescopes using similar filters. Finally, this
relationship was used to calibrate the brightness of stars that were also observed in the CTIO 1 m data set.
144
R17
Operating Voltage of the Silicon Detectors in the Collider Detector at Fermilab
Presenter(s)
Jorge Quero, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
John Freeman, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Michelle Stancari, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Out of the several sub-detectors in the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF), the silicon detectors, are the
most exposed to radiation damage from collided particles. As radiation damage increases, the operating
voltage across the sensors must be raised to accommodate it. In order to know what operating voltage is
necessary for each individual sensor, many sets of previously measured depletion voltages were
extrapolated to gain a reasonable estimate. The first task was to predict the required operating voltages for
the next year, and raise them accordingly; the other task was to find when the sensors will reach 170
volts, the maximum safe operating voltage. The results reveal that all of the sensors in the first layer of
the silicon detector will require above-maximum operating voltage at approximately 18 inverse
femtobarns. In addition, half of them will be at about 14 inverse femtobarns. The silicon detectors play a
vital role in taking data for the CDF, especially as the closest detectors to the particle collision point. This
project is necessary for optimizing the efficiency of the silicon detectors so that they can take the most
accurate data possible and how long they can run efficiently without breaking.
R18
Investigation of Radiation Cool-Down Curves and Development of Tools for Their Analysis
Presenter(s)
Amir Safavi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Bruce Brown, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Since the 1930's, physicists have built accelerators which can produce radiation for scientific study. As a
byproduct, accelerator facilities can have locations where ionizing radiation poses a hazard to workers.
Not only do Fermilab accelerators produce radioactivity at the target area, but also at where the beam is
lost. In this study, radiation cool down curves were analyzed to determine the ratio of different isotopes
that make up the radioactive material created. From one radiation curve, we calculated that the percentage
of isotopes was 63 % manganese56, 27 % manganese54, and 10 % manganese52. To automate this process,
computer software was created using Microsoft Visual Basic and Excel. In addition, a Geiger counter was
built to learn practical techniques such as soldering. Furthermore, it will be used to collect data. The
results of an analysis on the Main Injector C307 Collimator, the methods used, and software created were
published so that people could perform analyses on other sources of radiation. During the investigation, I
learned the theory behind particle showers, gamma radiation, and creation of isotopes. The study and
outcomes will help people at Fermilab to keep radiation exposure low by predicting levels of radiation in
the areas where work is planned.
145
R19
The Comparison of the Different Radiotherapy Neutron Sources in Various Facilities for the
Optimal Result in Neutron Therapy
Presenter(s)
Michelle Suh, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Thomas Kroc, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
This study strived to understand to what extent neutron spectra from various neutron therapy facilities
influence the clinical results of neutron therapy for treating cancer. Measuring the effectiveness of a
certain radiotherapy treatment method is difficult due to numerous factors that influence the results. Thus,
this investigation aimed to solely compare the difference in energy spectra of four neutron therapy
facilities: in Seattle and Detroit, at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), and at Fermilab.
MCNPX, a Monte Carlo computer program, was used to emulate the interaction of the incident proton or
deuteron beam with the target of each neutron source. As expected, higher energy incident beam
produced higher energy neutrons. Fermilab, which uses the highest energy incident beam, generated a
higher energy spectrum than the facilities in Seattle and at UCLA did. The facility in Detroit produced the
highest energy neutrons, but the quantity was insignificant. For now, we are uncertain of what kind of
result leads to the best radiotherapy treatment. These results can be further pursued to identify whether
there is a correlation between the energy spectra and the clinical results of neutron therapy. The discovery
of a correlation can become a basis to finding the most efficient neutron source for the best treatment
result and for the improvement of neutron therapy overall.
R20
Using GALFIT and Lenstool to Analyze Gravitational Lenses
Presenter(s)
Gary Wang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Sahar Allam, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Huan Lin, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Outer space remains as a mysterious new frontier for mankind, so we turn to unique methods to obtain
information on distant galaxies and stars, such as gravitational lensing. This investigation looked at
analyzing the Clone lensing system and determined the best model as well as the distribution of dark
matter in the system. GALFIT, animage analysis software, was used to model the individual galaxies
within the system and an image of the background galaxy of the lensing system. The system was then
analyzed with Lenstool, which modeled the mass distribution of the galaxy. The results obtained from
GALFIT and Lenstool have had chi squared values close to one, meaning that they were relatively good
fits. Chi squared values from the GALFIT analyses were χ2 = 1.029, χ2 = 1.116, and χ2 = 1.162. The best
model obtained from Lenstool so far was the elliptical singular isothermal sphere model for all four
galaxies in the system. The results from this investigation provide some insight into the distribution of
dark matter throughout our Universe. Although only one system was analyzed in this investigation, future
work could involve other lensing systems and the comparisons of the models of each respective system.
146
S01
Correlation of Print Advertisements, Self-Concept, and Body Image in Adolescent Girls
Presenter(s)
Uchenna Agwuncha, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Deborah McGrath, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
The average American woman is 5' 4'' tall and weighs 140 pounds, whereas the average American model
featured in advertisement campaigns is a mere 115 pounds and 5' 11'' tall. A study by the American
Psychological Association found that after three minutes spent looking at a fashion magazine including
such models, 70% of women of all ages feel depressed, guilty, and unpleased. This study seeks to
correlate women's physical appearance as presented in print magazines advertisements with poor selfimage
and body image in adolescent girls. Information has been gathered from female students at IMSA
through an electronic survey with topics based on previous research and studies. Extensive research and
critical documentary reviews have allowed for the creation of the questionnaire. The primary purpose of
the survey is to gain understanding of what IMSA female students believe about the role that the media
through advertisements plays in one's self concept and decisions made regarding our body.
S02
Examining Differences in Cognitive and Executive Functioning Scores in Patients with Autism
Spectrum Disorders, ADHD, and Co-Occurring Autism and ADHD
Presenter(s)
Jennifer Bailey, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Scott Hunter, University of Chicago
Autism spectrum disorders are becoming more and more commonplace in our country. These disorders
are also being diagnosed along with other disorders quite frequently. This investigation focused on one of
those disorders, attention defici hyperactivity disoreder (ADHD), and its relationship to autism spectrum
disorders in neuropsychological testing. Patient data from the University of Chicago Comer Children's
Hospital Pediatric Neuropsychology Service was used to run a correlation analysis between three
neuropsychological tests that are important in diagnosing both disorders. The three tests, WISC-IV,
BASC 2, and BRIEF, use a combination of parental feedback and examinations to assess a child's
executive functioning and intelligence quotient. Through analysis, a positive correlation between WISCIV
verbal comprehension and BRIEF metacognitive index was found for patients with only an autism
spectrum disorder. For patients with only ADHD, a negative correlation was found between the same two
tests. When the two disorders occurred together, a positive correlation was found between WISC-IV
verbal comprehension and the BRIEF global executive composite score. This suggests that in patients
with autism spectrum disorders, executive functioning improves as language skills improve. However, in
patients with ADHD, their level of executive functioning decreases as their language skills increase,
suggesting that autism spectrum disorders are more affected by a child's language skills.
147
S03
An In-Depth Analysis in Decision Making Based Upon the Decision Making Index Scale
Presenter(s)
Kirthi Banothu, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Brendan Wesp, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Rebecca White, University of Chicago
This study compares the effectiveness of different styles of decision making and the implications it has
for an individual’s future decisions. The three different styles that will be analyzed are analytical,
intuitive, and regret. The authors will administer the decision making index assessment (DMI) to all the
participants as a means to gauge their style of decision making. After completing the DMI, the
participants will take part in a complex decision task, namely a horse-race betting simulation. Participants
are presented with different pieces of information about horses (for example, the name of the horse) and
are asked to choose which information to view in order to choose which horse they think will be most
likely to win a race. The participants bet on multiple rounds in order to collect information in regards to
how a decision will change. They are currently no results because the experiment is still in progress. The
results will help individuals better understand how and why they make the decisions that they do. The
implications of this are that there is a possible ability to determine what style of decision making is most
effective in the world and leads to the most success and least amount of regret.
S04
Predicting the Mind of a Serial Murderer: The Success of Criminal Profiling in the Case of the
Green River Killer
Presenter(s)
Jessica Grady, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Michelle Jardine, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
James Bondi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Steven Bongardt, Federal Bureau of Investigation
Criminal profiling is a procedure that determines possible personality traits, demographics, geographic
locations, and behavioral characteristics of an unidentified offender or offenders based on features of a
crime scene. It is a tool frequently used by detectives and the Federal Bureau of Investigation to aide in
creating or narrowing down a list of suspects after all other methods have proven unsuccessful. However,
criminal profiling is met with much controversy. In order to determine if profiling is a useful tool, a
literature review-based case study on Gary Ridgway, a prolific serial murderer more commonly known as
the Green River Killer, was conducted. By looking at how and why he killed as well as the contents of the
profile and how it was used in the investigation, we determined that criminal profiling was moderately
successful. While the profile helped narrow down a list of suspects that included Ridgway and aspects of
the profile correctly modeled him, the profile hindered the investigation. The way this case developed
suggests that as long as the profile is correctly created and used, criminal profiling can be an asset to
investigators.
148
S05
Awareness of Being Stared at: Investigations into the Possibility of a Sixth Sense
Presenter(s)
Carly Houdek, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Elaina Zintl, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
David Evenson, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
There is that nudge of awareness, something slight that pokes at the senses and serves as a sign of
recognition that someone is staring at you. We explored the extent to which the sense of being stared at is
part of a psychological sixth sense. There are differing views of extra senses, ranging from anecdotal
accounts to more serious research studies. Using that research, we separated the differing views and then
used unobtrusive observation to measure human perception of a stare. We stared at students, recorded
response times, and then created an experimental design using slight deception to measure the
phenomenon and link our findings to a psychological sixth sense. At this point, the experiment is
underway. Through unobtrusive observation of subjects we have collected data that seems to be
significant, supporting the presence of the sense, and showing differences in response time due to gender
and environment. We look forward to seeing the outcome of the controlled study and whether it will
confirm our initial observations. If so, then further research in this area of human perception is warranted.
S06
The Effect of Parental Input on the Language and Reading Development of Children During
Preschool
Presenter(s)
Ethan Jacobs, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Ozlem Ece Demir, University of Chicago
During the years of preschool, children engage in different activities with their parents that might prepare
them later for emerging academic challenges in the school environment. General measures of parental
language input are often used as a later predictor of children's language performance. However, not much
is known about the early parental predictors of children's literacy-related skills, such as decoding or
reading comprehension. In the current investigation, through the study of naturalistic parent-child
interactions, we examined the links between early parent utterances about literacy and children's later
reading skills. Parents and children were videotaped at child age thirty and fifty months in 90-minute
organic sessions in their homes, and sessions were transcribed. The transcripts were then coded for
pertinent utterances about literacy, including book-reading episodes, the pairing of letter sounds,
corresponding letter forms, and so forth. Changes in parental input over time were analyzed using an
ANOVA statistical test. Children's decoding and reading comprehension skills were then assessed at
kindergarten and first grade using Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement. Relations between early
parental literacy input and later child outcomes were examined using regression analysis.
149
S07
Features of Effective Support Programs for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis
Presenter(s)
Brittany Kwamin, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Whitney Kwamin, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Christopher Kolar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that attacks the central nervous system that typically
affects people between their twenties and forties. About 5 percent of multiple sclerosis patients are
diagnosed before the age of eighteen. Although there are many support programs available, pediatric MS
is rare and demands a different type of attention. Our goal is to create an outline resource that will alter
the current support systems to meet the needs of pediatric MS patients. We released a survey that was
available for ten days on a website called patientslikeme.com. Our results showed that people want to see
more clubs or accessible websites strictly for men and women with adolescent onset of multiple sclerosis.
We hope to use our research to advocate for this rare community, and show society what programs are
effective for the entire MS community.
S08
d-Amphetamine: Effects on Mood and Speech
Presenter(s)
Paloma Ocola, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Harriet de Wit, University of Chicago
Margaret Wardle, University of Chicago
The psychostimulant drug, d-amphetamine, is associated with increased focus and feelings of euphoria.
Increased sociability and talkativeness could be factors that cause people to use amphetamine
recreationally. In our study, we observed how amphetamine affected speech and word use, as well as
evaluating potential moderators of these effects like gender and personality. Thirty participants attended a
double blind study, comprised of four sessions at which they received placebo, 5 mg, 10 mg or 20 mg of
amphetamine. At each session, participants talked about an important person in their life for five minutes
to female experimenters. These speeches were transcribed and then coded using the Linguistic Inquiry
and Word Count program, which counted words in different categories such as positive words, pronouns,
and so forth. Even though amphetamine increased feelings of elation, it did not increase word count
overall, or the number of positive words, negative words, or first person singular pronouns used.
However, amphetamine's effects depended on the gender of the participant. While word counts remained
the same across placebo and amphetamine conditions in women, men talked significantly more on
amphetamine than placebo. Thus, there was a modest, gender-dependent effect of amphetamine on
talking. This could indicate amphetamine's effects depend on social conditions such as opposite-sex
versus same-sex situations.
150
S09
How Stress Affects Sleep in Elderly People with Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Presenter(s)
Patricia Walchessen, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Kathryn Reid, Northwestern University
This study looks at how stress affects sleep quality in the elderly, categorized as having low
cardiovascular risk factors. Stress has been reported to decrease sleep quality according to studies of
people aged 4 to 40. However, very few studies have focused on the elderly population. Examining the
results of a perceived stress survey with various indicators of sleep quality enables a better understanding
of how stress affects sleep. Preliminary analysis indicates no association between stress and sleep quality
in my sample of the elderly population. Based on sleep quality indicators such as duration of sleep, the
percent mobile, fragmentation, and sleep efficiency, there appears to be no association between sleep and
stress. However, my preliminary analysis does not control for gender or age. To date, my analysis
suggests results that are different from previous studies of other populations and how stress affects their
sleep. This study highlights the importance of further research of elderly sleep habits and how the elderly
respond to stress.
S10
An Exploration into Artificial Intelligence, the Human Mind, and Systems
Presenter(s)
Andrew Wentzel, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Mike Ososky, Applied Computer Tech.
There are hundreds of different theories regarding artificial intelligence. The real question that needs to be
asked is what similarities an artificial intelligence system will have with the system of the human mind.
This can only be explained through reading various works of contemporaries in the field of artificial
intelligence, such as Douglas Hofstadter, Daniel Dennett, Ray Kurzweil, and many others. For our
investigation, we decided to focus on self-organizing, adaptive systems that utilize recursion as a method
of achieving intelligence. Self-organization of a system is necessary to achieve the complexity to be
adaptive; this complexity is based on the use of recursion. Through this study, we have found that the
similarities between the human mind and possible artificial intelligence are so great that a sufficiently
powerful system would be able to pass itself off for human.
151
T01
Nationalism in Spain: Catalonia and the Basque Country
Presenter(s)
Paul Angelillo, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Ryan Jordan, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Rhett Partida, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Rafael Rodriguez, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Samuel Simon, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jose Palos, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Eric Smith, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Nationalism is one's identification with a nation of peers on cultural or ethnic grounds. In Spain, the term
nationalism does not always apply to the state itself, but rather to the various regions of the country. The
two comunidades autónomas (autonomous communities) of Spain with the greatest expression of
nationalist sentiments are Catalonia and the Basque Country. The group studied these two communities
extensively, using books such as Homage to Catalonia and Foundations of National Identity, and internet
articles from Spanish magazines including Cambio. The group also interviewed Catalonian citizens and a
professor at the University of Barcelona to expand their understanding of the cultural basis of these
nationalist movements. The group then determined that the source of Catalanismo and Vascuencismo (the
two nationalist movements) were distinct. Catalanismo is primarily a result of the different language and
history shared by the Catalonian people, whereas Vascuencismo is based mainly on the concept that raceethnic
Basques are of Celtic origins, and therefore are genetically different from other Spaniards. The
most extreme form of the Basque movement after the Franco regime was associated with the terrorist
activities of Euskadi Ta Askatasuna, a nationalist organization, while Catalanismo gained more autonomy
for Catalonia via politics. Currently, the European Union is entertaining a policy of regionalism, which
would be the fastest avenue to Catalan and Basque independence.
152
T02
An Analysis of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and its Effect on Physician
Compensation and Health Insurance Companies
Presenter(s)
Cevdet Dogan, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Aditya Suresh, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Christian Nokkentved, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
On March 23, 2010, President Barack Obama's Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act became law,
providing the framework for a new health care reform. The new legislation amended many aspects of the
healthcare system of the United States, but was met by some criticism from insurance companies and
practicing physicians. Through peer-reviewed journals and opinionated articles from both sides of the
argument, researchers looked for possible consequences of the legislation and any detrimental effects it
might have on insurance companies and practicing physicians. Insurance companies worried about the
new obligations to cover pre-existing conditions, to accept all customers, and to continue coverage of
children until age 26 on their parent's insurance. Physicians criticized the bill because of worries of
getting paid less despite gaining more patients. However, it was found that in the long run, insurance
companies would profit as the new influx of patients would increase the profit made from premiums. As
for physician compensation, the effects of the bill will vary depending on the physician specialty. The
effects of the new healthcare reform may seem harsh at first, but insurance company profits and physician
compensation will remain mostly safe and might even increase from the changes.
T03
IMSA, Parents, Expectations: Illinois Massive Stress Academy... Stressing Out Over Nothing
Presenter(s)
Jonathan Henricks, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Thomas Lightfoot, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Tracy Rogers, Northern Illinois University
Students at the Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy are faced with a unique opportunity. Totally
immersed in an academic environment, the students live on-campus amongst their fellow students. The
students at this institution often complain of stress and our investigation makes an attempt to identify the
major sources of student pressure as determined by the student body. We gathered our information
through a survey sent to the students, and our survey asked questions pertaining to academic pressures;
social pressures in terms of relationships with parents, siblings, and classmates; as well as the time
constraints caused by extracurricular activities and sports. Once we gathered all of the student's responses
we found that ninety-six percent of students believe that their fellow classmates are stressed and that
students find homework, tests, and personal motivation as their three largest sources of stress and
pressure. It is our hope that from this data our residence counselors will be able to come up with better
and more efficient ways to help students deal with stress.
153
T04
Cultivating the Gifted Minority Leader
Presenter(s)
Shawon Jackson, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Satoe Sakuma, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Purva Rushi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Leadership, being such a complex topic, is perceived in a wide variety of ways. Despite the distinct
perceptions of which characteristics define a leader, however, there still exists a set of common traits
amongst all effective leaders. The purpose of this investigation is to determine whether or not gifted
African-American and Hispanic students perceive leaders differently than other ethnic groups.
Additionally, we aim to learn which traits and behaviors the aforementioned groups recognize as needed
to be an effective leader. In order to do so, students at residential academies were surveyed, in which they
answered questions about what traits they recognize in effective leaders, as well as determining which
behaviors and actions an effective leader portrays. If we find that African-American and Hispanic
students fail to recognize core leadership traits, then we will make recommendations that involve
implementing leadership education programs for said groups, in hopes that they will develop a greater
understand of how to be an effective leader in their home communities, high schools, and the workforce.
T05
Sharing Needles: The Implementation of a Syringe Exchange Program in Chicago
Presenter(s)
Rahul Maheshwari, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
James Victory, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
This study views the utility of a syringe exchange program (SEP) implementation in the Chicago area.
SEPs provide a method for injecting drug users to exchange used needles for sterile ones. Numerous
studies conducted by the National Institutes of Health have demonstrated that SEPs are integral in
combating the spread of blood-borne diseases such as HIV and hepatitis C in urban settings in a costeffective
manner. This study conducted phone surveys involving various free clinics in the Chicago area
to gauge the potential impact an implementation of an SEP may have. Additionally, quantitative and
qualitative analyses of existing SEPs in other locations were performed to better understand the logistics
of an SEP, as well as understand existing legislation that governs these types of programs. The outcome
of this project is a model of an SEP applicable to the Chicago area.
154
T06
Assessing Math Performance of Multilingual IMSA Sophomores
Presenter(s)
Sarah Malik, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
David Evenson, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Christopher Kolar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
This study focuses on analyzing the math performance of multilingual IMSA sophomores verses those
who are only proficient in English. The idea behind this study is that mathematics is often thought of as a
language, so perhaps knowledge of more than one language contributes to success in mathematical
computation. While all IMSA students are above average in mathematics, this study focuses on
sophomores since they are least exposed to the unique learning environment at IMSA. This study profiles
sophomores from the fall semesters of 2008-2010; about 360 students are profiled. Each student's gender,
ethnicity, SAT math score, and IMSA math course grades are considered. This is done in order to identify
specifically how different groups of multilingual and unilingual students perform in mathematics. Minitab
14 was used to run analyses such as multivariate regression, stepwise regression, R² values to evaluate the
strength of correlation, and significance between variables. The study was most concerned with
multilingual students; seen as not significant with a p-value of 0.725. The variables which showed
significance were Asian race and SAT math score. The study showed that in gifted students, such as
IMSA sophomores, being multilingual does not affect ability in mathematics.
U01
The Dinosaurs' Demise: An Investigation into the K-T Impact
Presenter(s)
David Dailey, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Christopher Sartain, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Mark Hammergren, Adler Planetarium
Sixty-five million years ago, an asteroid impacted a location near present day Chicxulub, Mexico. It is
generally agreed upon that this event caused the mass extinction of the dinosaurs and other species.
During our investigation, we researched a possible mechanism of the extinction, the Firestorm Theory.
This data was collected by researching the known distributions of tektite densities. Tektites are a more
specific glass form of ejecta that is formed by impacts. Using the programming language IDL, a launch
program was created with K-T impact data that created a global distribution. Then, using the mass and
velocities from the simulation and tektite densities, the kinetic energy was calculated. A five percent
luminous efficiency will be used to find the thermal radiation per area. The simulation is almost complete,
and most of the data to create a K-T distribution has been found. Preliminary data and calculations
indicate that the energies released by the impact are near those needed for global firestorm ignition. This
data appears to support the physical underpinning of the K-T mass extinction.
155
U02
Gravitational Interactions in Globular Clusters
Presenter(s)
Ian Nodurft, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Mark Subbarao, Adler Planetarium
My research involves study into the evolution of globular star clusters due to gravity. These clusters are
some of the oldest objects in the Universe, and are very dense, containing in the order of hundreds of
thousands of stars. I looked at the length of time it takes for a cluster to stabilize and also its mass loss
rate. I used Processing, a language based on Java, to create an n-body simulation of stars in two
dimensions. At every time step, I calculaed each particle's velocity and how the gravity of all the particles
is affecting each other. I have been outputting all of the necessary data to an excel file to analyze the total
kinetic energy of the cluster and mass loss rate over time. The research I am conducting will help us to
better understand the dynamics of globular clusters.
V01
A Comparison of Islam and Christianity: Religion's Institutions
Presenter(s)
Kristopher Fernandez, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Robert Kiely, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
My study has been a historical comparison of Islam and Christianity, specifically asking what differences
have their respective revelations made on their institutions, leaders, and rules? To answer this question, a
significant amount of reading has been done. So far, I have read the Qur'an, most of the Bible, and I've
begun a study on Christian heresies. I plan to read more books and have more extensive discussions with
my advisor. Thus far, the institutions appear to be different because they reflect the differences in the
religion. Islam is founded on the Qur'an, which is a book that mostly contains rules. The institution has
faced very few schisms because the revelation has nothing to interpret. On the other hand, Christianity
maintains that orthodoxy is the most important aspect of piety. Because of that, there is always debate on
what the Christian is supposed to believe. The Christian institution is composed of many different types
of belief, but Islamic institution is virtually uniform, with varying degrees of extremism.
156
2009-2010 Student Recognition
The below accomplishments are a summary from the 2009-2010 academic year
Ruchi Aggarwal: How Does the Trafficking Motif Affect the Rate of BACE 1 Endocytosis?
Advisors: Virginie Buggia-Prevot, Gopal Thinakaran; University of Chicago
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences State Project Exposition Gold Award Winner, Intel International
Science and Engineering Fair Third Place Winner
Vashti Aguliar: Mercury Contamination in Lake Michigan and its Impact (SIR 2009)
Advisor: Robert Kiely; Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Presented at the International Water Forum, March 17-22, 2010, Kyoto, Japan
Sara Akgul: Validity of Gap Triggers in the CDF Detector
Advisor: Ricardo Eusebi; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Chicago Region Junior Science and Humanities Symposium Finalist
Lisa Akintilo: Induction of Triggered Activity by Spontaneous Intracellular Calcium Release in Whole
Heart – Experimental and Modeling Studies
Advisor: J. Andrew Wasserstrom; Northwestern University
Co-author of manuscript in preparation (J. Andrew Wasserstrom, Yohannes Shiferaw, Satvik
Ramakrishna, Heetabh Patel, James E. Kelly, Matthew J. O’Toole, Amanda Pappas, Nimi Chirayali,
Nikhil Bassi, Lisa Akintilo, Meghan Wu, Rishi Arora, Gary L. Aistrup)
Amishi Bajaj: Delayed Use of Calcineurin Inhibitors and High Dose Mycophenolate Mofetil as Initial
Immunosuppressive Therapy for Liver Transplant Recipients with Pre-Transplant Renal
Dysfunction
Advisor: Josh Levitsky; Northwestern University
2010 sanofi-aventis International BioGENEius Challenge Illinois State Finalist, Illinois Junior Academy of
Sciences Paper Exposition Finalist1, Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist,
Chicago Region Junior Science and Humanities Symposium Finalist, Intel International Science and
Engineering Fair Finalist
Shelly Bhanot: Effects of Surfactant on the Survival Rate and Incidence of Intraventricular Hemorrhages
in Infants with Birth Weight Equal or Less Than 1000 Grams During Three Different Periods in a
Single Tertiary Center (SIR 2009)
Advisor: Christine Sajous; Loyola University
Presentation at the Midwest Society of Pediatric Research, October 7-9, 2009, Chicago, IL
Grace Chan: The Effects of Pioglitazone on Glucose Uptake in C6 Glioma Cells
Advisors: Douglas Feinstein, Anthony Sharp; University of Illinois at Chicago
Presented at the Seventh Annual Japan RITS Super Science Fair, Oct. 29- Nov. 5, 2009, Kyoto, Japan
Advisor: Stephen Yau; University of Illinois at Chicago
Irene Chen: Coordinate-Free Characterization of Homogeneous Polynomials with Isolated Singularities
69th Annual Intel Science Talent Search Semi-finalist
Stephanie Cheng: Stellar Nursery: The Relationship between a Spiral
Galaxy's Bar and Its Star Formation
Advisors: Lucy Fortson, Geza Gyuk, and Mark Subbarao; Adler Planetarium
Presented at NCSSSMST Student Research Symposium, June 6-9,2010 in Hoboken, NJ
Dane Christianson: Developing World Water Filter Project: Flow Rate Characteristics
Advisors: Mark Carlson, Sarah O’Leary; Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences State Project Exposition Gold Award Winner, IJAS State Illinois
Engineering Council Achievement in Engineering Winner, IJAS State Illinois Section of the American
Water Works Association Outstanding Science Fair Project Winner
157
David Derry: Magnetic Quantum Dot Cellular Automata and its Applicability in Replacing Transistors
Advisors: Viatli Metlusho, Josh Sautner; University of Illinois at Chicago
Presented at the Seventh Annual Japan RITS Super Science Fair, Oct. 29- Nov. 5, Kyoto, Japan,
Presented at the American Junior Academy of Sciences conference at the American Association for the
Advancement of Science annual conference, Feb. 17-21, 2010, San Diego, CA
Amber Farrell: Removal of Organic Nitrogen Present in Wastewater Effluents to Prevent Drinking Water
Sources Contamination
Advisors: Marina Arnaldos, Krishna Pagilla; Illinois Institute of Technology
Co-presenter at National Academy of Engineering Grand Challenges Summit, April 21, 2010, Chicago, IL
Michael Gleeson: Developing World Water Filter Project: Flow Rate Characteristics
Advisors: Mark Carlson, Sarah O’Leary; Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Presented at the International Water Forum, March 17-22, 2010, Kyoto, Japan Illinois Junior Academy of
Sciences State Project Exposition Gold Award Winner, IJAS State Illinois Engineering Council
Achievement in Engineering Winner, IJAS State Illinois Section of the American Water Works Association
Outstanding Science Fair Project Winner
Shravanthy Gumidyala: Determining Latencies of Event-related Potentials from Verbal Memory Tasks
Using Gamma Frequency Band Analysis
Advisors: Brent Parris, Vernon Leo Towle; University of Chicago
Presented at the American Junior Academy of Sciences conference at the American Association for the
Advancement of Science annual conference, Feb. 17-21, 2010, San Diego, CA
Mohammed Hayat: Neutrino Oscillations and the NOvA Experiment
Advisors: Maury Goodman, Sarah Budd, and Michelangelo D'Agostino; Argonne National Laboratory
Presented at NCSSSMST Student Research Symposium, June 6-9, 2010 in Hoboken, NJ
Eric Huang: Proteasome Inhibition of Lithocholic Acid Derivatives
Advisor: Chin Ho Chen; Duke University
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences State Project Exposition Gold Award Winner
Bonny Jain: Modification of Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films to Increase Cation Selectivity
Advisor:
69th Annual Intel Science Talent Search Semi-finalist
Merlin Bruening; Michigan State University
Sara Johnson: The Mathematics Behind Geodesic Models
Advisor: Vincent Matsko
Presented at the Illinois Section of the Mathematical Association of America Annual Conference
Jisoo Kim: Designing Origami Models
Advisor: Vincent Matsko
Presented at the Illinois Section of the Mathematical Association of America Annual Conference
Vladislav Kontsevoi: Enhancement of Thermoelectric Properties of Lead Telluride by Doping
Siemens Competition Semi-finalist, 69th Annual Intel Science Talent Search Semi-finalist, Presented at
American Physical Society annual conference, March 15-19, 2010, Portland, OR, Chicago Region Junior
Science and Humanities Symposium Finalist
Advisors: Arthur Freeman, Jung-Hwan Song; Northwestern University
Anusha Kumar: Evidence for Evolutionary Reductions in the β-adrenergic System of the Texas Toad,
Bufo speciosus
Siemens Competition Semi-finalist, 69th Annual Intel Science Talent Search Semi-finalist, 2010 sanofiaventis
International BioGENEius Challenge Illinois State Finalist , Presented at the Society for
Integrative and Comparative Biology National Conference, Jan. 3-7, 2010, Seattle, Washington, (A.
Kumar, R. Larson, C. Brown, J.A. Carr), Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Paper Exposition Finalist,
Chicago Region Junior Science and Humanities Symposium Finalist
Advisor: James Carr; Texas Tech University
158
Anusha Kumar: Conservation Tillage as a Carbon Wedge
Advisors: Willa Shultz, Audrey Wells; Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Presented at the Keystone Energy Board annual meeting, Oct. 14, 2009, Washington, DC
Anusha Kumar: The Role of PS-1 in Adult Neurogenesis
Advisor: Orly Lazarov; University of Illinois at Chicago
Presented at the American Junior Academy of Sciences conference at the American Association for the
Advancement of Science annual conference, Feb. 17-21, 2010 San Diego, CA
Allison Larrabee: Building Self-Esteem and Confidence in Young Children
Advisor: David Evenson; Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Presented at the Illinois Association of Gifted Children Conference, Feb. 7-9, 2010, Chicago, IL
Lucy Li: Designing Origami Models
Advisor: Vincent Matsko
Presented at the Illinois Section of the Mathematical Association of America Annual Conference
Santina Lin: Designing Origami Models
Advisor: Vincent Matsko
Presented at the Illinois Section of the Mathematical Association of America Annual Conference
Iris Liu: Study of Neutrinos from Active Galactic Nuclei
Advisor: Maury Goodman; Argonne National Laboratory
Presented at the American Junior Academy of Sciences conference at the American Association for the
Advancement of Science annual conference, Feb. 17-21, 2010, San Diego, CA
Jonathan Loucks: An Analysis of Illinois Public Schools: An Examination of Factors that Contribute to
the Narrowing of the Socioeconomic Achievement Gaps
Advisor: Glenn “Max” McGee; Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Presented at the American Junior Academy of Sciences conference at the American Association for the
Advancement of Science annual conference, Feb. 17-21, 2010, San Diego, CA
Jonathan Loucks: Predicting Protein Secondary Structure: An Analysis of PSSP Methodologies and their
Accuracies
Advisor: Sarah O'Leary, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences State Project Exposition Gold Award Winner; IJAS State National
Anti-Vivisection Society’s Award for Best Advancement in the Humane or Alternative to the Use of Animals
in Research Winner
Madhav Mohandas: Climate-based Predictive Modeling of Seasonal Influenza Outbreaks
Advisor: Guanglin Li; Northwestern University
Chicago Region Junior Science and Humanities Symposium Finalist
Peter Nebres: The Applicability of Magnetic Quantum Cellular Automata as an Alternative to Transistors
Advisors: Vitali Metlushko, Josh Sautner; University of Illinois at Chicago
Presented at the American Junior Academy of Sciences conference at the American Association for the
Advancement of Science annual conference, Feb. 17-21, 2010, San Diego, CA
Peter Nebres: The Potential of Fe/Au Nanoparticles as a Magnetic Refrigerant
Advisor: Ronald P. Andres; Purdue University
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences State Project Exposition Gold Award Winner, IJAS State Lyell J and
Ethyl M Thomas Scholarship Winne, IJAS State Best in Category for Materials Science Winner
159
Liana Nicklaus: The Sloan Nearby Cluster Weak Lensing Survey
Advisors: Jeffrey Kubo, James Annis, Donna Kubik, Albert Stebbins; Fermi National Accelerator
Laboratory
Published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Volume 702, Issue 2, pp. L110-L113 (2009;
(J. M. Kubo, J. Annis, F.M. Hardin1, D. Kubik, K. Lawhorn1, H. Lin, L. Nicklaus, D. Nelson, Dylan;
R.R.Reis, H-J. Seo, M. Soares-Santos, A. Stebbins, T. Yunker1)
Daniel Pak: Specific Cellular Uptake of Targeted Liposomes in Cancer Cells
Advisors: Seungpyo Hong, Su-Eon Jin; University of Illinois at Chicago
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences State Project Exposition Gold Award Winner, Intel International
Science and Engineering Fair Finalist
Jonathan Park: Determining the Mechanisms of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Ocular Cell Infection (SIR
2009)
Advisors: Christopher O'Donnell, Deepak Shukla; University of Illinois at Chicago
Siemens Competition semi-finalist; Presented at the American Junior Academy of Sciences conference at
the American Association for the Advancement of Science annual conference, Feb. 17-21, 2010, San Diego,
CA
Varun Pilla: Increase in Prevalence of CTX-M-Producing E. coli Recovered from Outpatient Urine
Cultures
Advisor: Qi Chao; Northwestern University
Chicago Region Junior Science and Humanities Symposium Finalist
Shyam Saladi: Structural Examination of Na+ Channels
Advisor: Sarah O’Leary; Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences State Paper Exposition Gold Award Winner; IJAS State Best in
Category Cellular and Molecular Biology
Shyam Saladi: Post-Myocardial Infartion Repair and Angiogenesis
Advisors: David Simpson, Samuel Dudley; University of Illinois at Chicago
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences State Project Exposition Gold Award Winner; IJAS State Best in
Category Health Science Winner
Sidanth Sapru: Neurogenesis Permissive Chromatin in Neural Crest Cells as Novel Epigenetic Marks
During Mouse Neural Tube Closure
Advisor: Chandra Mayanil; Northwestern University
Co-author of abstract presented at the Experimental Biology Meeting of the American Society of
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology April 18-22, 2009, New Orleans, LA (S. Ichi, Y. Shen, H. Nakazaki,
S. Sapru, B. Mania-Farnell, T. Tomita, D.G. McLone, C. S. K. Mayanil)
Mehal Shah: How Does the Trafficking Motif Affect the Rate of BACE 1 Endocytosis?
Advisors: Virginie Buggia-Prevot, Gopal Thinakaran; University of Chicago
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences State Project Exposition Gold Award Winner, Intel International
Science and Engineering Fair Third Place Winner
Caroline Shin: Post-Myocardial Infartion Repair and Angiogenesis
Advisors: David Simpson, Samuel Dudley; University of Illinois at Chicago
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences State Project Exposition Gold Award Winner, IJAS State Best in
Category Health Science Winner
Yiru Tao: Developing World Water Filter Project: Flow Rate Characteristics and Germicidal Properties
Advisors: Mark Carlson, Sarah O’Leary; Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Presented at the International Water Forum, March 17-22, 2010, Kyoto, Japan, Illinois Junior Academy of
Sciences State Project Exposition Gold Award Winner, IJAS State Illinois Engineering Council
Achievement in Engineering Winner, IJAS State Illinois Section of the American Water Works Association
Outstanding Science Fair Project Winner
160
Shilpa Topudurti: Effects of Surfactant on the Survival Rate and Incidence of Intraventricular
Hemorrhage in Infants with Birth Weight Equal or Less Than 1000 Grams During Three
Different Periods in a Single Tertiary Center (SIR 2009)
Advisor: Christine Sajous; Loyola University
Presentation at the Midwest Society of Pediatric Research, October 7-9, 2009
Sumana Vardhan: Biology of Bone Development in Leukemia Patients
Advisor: Kimberley Dilley; Northwestern University
Presented at NCSSSMST Student Research Symposium, June 6-9,2010 in Hoboken, NJ
John Wang: A Model of Semi-Rational Behavior in Asset Markets
Advisor: Noah Prince
Presented at the 27th Annual Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology Undergraduate Mathematics Conference
Anderson West: The Search for Dark Matter: Using Strong Gravitational Lenses to Quantify the Dark
Matter in Two Galaxy Clusters
Advisor: Thomas Diehl; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Presented at the Seventh Annual Japan RITS Super Science Fair, Oct. 29- Nov. 5, Kyoto, Japan
Megan Wu: Induction of Triggered Activity by Spontaneous Intracellular Calcium Release in Whole
Heart – Experimental and Modeling Studies
Advisor: J. Andrew Wasserstrom; Northwestern University
Co-author of manuscript in preparation (J. Andrew Wasserstrom, Yohannes Shiferaw, Satvik
Ramakrishna, Heetabh Patel, James E. Kelly, Matthew J. O’Toole, Amanda Pappas, Nimi Chirayali,
Nikhil Bassi, Lisa Akintilo, Meghan Wu, Rishi Arora, Gary L. Aistrup)
Nancy Yu: The Activation Kinetics of CD4 and CD8 T Cells in Response to Listeria monocytogenes
Infection
Advisors: Mark Miller, Baomei Wang; Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine
Siemens Competition Semi-finalist
Weili Zheng: Determining Latencies of Event-related Potentials from Verbal Memory Tasks Using
Gamma Frequency Band Analysis
Advisors: Brent Parris, Vernon Leo Towle; University of Chicago
Presented at the American Junior Academy of Sciences conference at the American Association for the
Advancement of Science annual conference, Feb. 17-21, 2010, San Diego, CA
Weili Zheng: Developing World Water Filter Project: Flow Rate Characteristics
Advisors: Mark Carlson, Sarah O’Leary; Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences State Project Exposition Gold Award Winner, IJAS State Illinois
Engineering Council Achievement in Engineering Winner, IJAS State Illinois Section of the American
Water Works Association Outstanding Science Fair Project Winner
Amy Zhou: New Battles against Complex Infections: Synergy Studies Against Methicillin-Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
Advisor: William Kabat; Children’s Memorial Hospital
Chicago Region Junior Science and Humanities Symposium Finalist
1) IMSA Class of 2009
161
Index
Poster
Number
Page Number Name Time Room
R01 136 Alexander Abbinante 10:25 A-147
Q01 124 Ruchi Aggarwal 8:45 A-115
Q02 124 Upashruti Agrawal 1:20 A-131
S01 146 Uchenna Agwuncha 11:15 A-113
B01 42 Lisa Akintilo 9:35 A-131
I01 84 Yusuf Aktan 12:55 A-133
P01 109 Courtney Amegashie 9:10 A-115
T01 151 Paul Angelillo 12:55 A-135
A01 38 Vidya Anjur 10:50 B-148
R02 136 Natasha Arvanitis 8:45 Acad Pit A-138
K01 95 Michael Atten 10:50 Acad Pit A-138
B02 42 Ramya Babu 9:35 A-133
S02 146 Jennifer Bailey 9:35 Acad Pit A-138
H01 78 Sonia Bajaj 10:25 A-135
P02 109 Omotayo Balogun 10:25 B-116
S03 147 Kirthi Banothu 1:20 A-133
R03 137 Amber Betzold 10:25 A-119
O01 104 Shiladitya Bhattacharyya 10:00 A-149
K02 96 Mitchell Bieniek 11:15 Acad Pit A-138
C01 47 Wendy Bindeman 10:25 B-108
C02 48 Kamila Bond 10:00 A-133
I02 84 Justin Booth 1:45 Kids Inst E-115
P03 110 Madeline Booton 12:30 B-108
R01 136 Wesley Bradley 10:25 A-147
P04 110 Seth Butcher 10:50 A-147
B03 43 Yiyun Cao 12:30 A-147
H02 79 Ayse Cetinkaya 1:20 A-147
P05 111 Ajay Chatrath 10:25 A-149
P06 111 James Chen 10:25 B-148
H03 79 Wen Li Chen 12:55 D-103
I03 85 Wen Min Chen 10:50 A-149
Q03 125 Christina Cheng 10:00 A-135
R04 137 Stephanie Cheng 1:45 A-131
F01 71 Jason Chien 9:10 A-121
P07 112 Nitin Chilukuri 9:35 B-148
H04 80 Grace Choi 12:30 A-117
Q04 125 Ashley Chong 11:15 A-119
Q05 126 Sanggyu (Raymond) Chong 9:10 A-131
I04 85 Dane Christianson 9:10 B-116
G01 75 Paul Cladek 12:30 A-151
H05 80 Francis Cocjin 10:00 A-147
162
H06 81 Katia Colin 10:50 Lect Hall B-206
G02 76 Caitlyn Collett 9:35 Lect Hall B-206
H07 81 Eleanor Cory 2:10 A-115
N01 102 Jennifer Crawford 1:20 A-117
Q06 126 Julianne Crawford 1:20 A-151
L01 99 Megan Czajka 1:20 D-103
U01 154 David Dailey 8:45 A-131
I05 86 Logan Damiani 2:10 A-151
M01 99 Shelby Daniel-Wayman 12:55 D-107
J01 94 Monica Daniels 9:10 D-103
C03 48 Sonya Dave 9:10 B-110
I06 86 Henry Deng 2:10 A-131
N02 103 Diliana Dimitrova 9:10 A-147
C04 49 Xin (Danny) Ding 10:00 B-110
O02 105 Marcelo Diop-Gonzalez 8:45 B-116
T02 152 Cevdet Dogan 9:35 A-147
P08 112 Samantha Donermeyer 1:20 D-107
C05 49 Sruthi Doniparthi 11:15 B-133
C06 50 Xiangyun (Johnny) Duan 10:25 A-155
B04 43 Sharon Duval 10:50 A-155
C07 50 Christine Engbretson 11:15 A-155
Q07 127 Justin Feng 12:30 A-131
A02 38 Yan-Yang Feng 12:55 A-155
V01 155 Kristopher Fernandez 10:25 A-115
C08 51 Lucija Filipac 10:50 A-119
K02 96 Garrett Flack 11:15 Acad Pit A-138
C09 51 Hana Fouladi 1:20 A-155
C10 52 Nicholas Fung 11:15 B-116
C11 52 Mukesh Gande 11:15 B-148
M02 100 Joscelyn Garcia 9:35 A-135
I05 86 Nathan Geldner 2:10 A-151
H08 82 Dominic Gentile 10:00 B-108
H08 82 Matthew Gietl 10:00 B-108
C11 52 Kyle Glasper 11:15 B-148
C12 53 Andrew Go 1:45 A-155
H09 82 Carlos Gomez 10:00 Acad Pit A-138
K01 95 Rafael Gonzalez 10:50 Acad Pit A-138
S04 147 Jessica Grady 1:20 Acad Pit A-138
C03 48 Carol Gu 9:10 B-110
C13 53 Webster Guan 1:20 B-108
J02 94 Kathleen Gundry 8:45 A-135
P09 113 Annie Guo 9:10 A-113
P10 113 Annie Guo 9:35 A-113
C14 54 Eaton Guo 10:50 B-110
Q08 128 Brinda Gupta 11:15 A-131
163
I07 87 Saarthak Gupta 2:10 A-155
G03 76 Inga Gurevich 8:45 A-155
F02 72 Samuel Haile 10:25 A-121
O03 105 Derek Hardin 1:45 A-135
I08 87 Kenneth Harvey 12:55 Lect Hall B-206
R05 138 Mohammed Hayat 1:20 A-135
G04 77 Joseph Hecker 1:45 Lect Hall B-206
T03 152 Jonathan Henricks 12:30 Kids Inst E-115
P11 114 Jacob Henry 10:25 B-110
R06 138 Holly Hernandez 11:15 A-135
Q09 128 Janell Herrera 1:45 D-107
M03 100 Miranda Herzog 8:45 A-147
S05 148 Carly Houdek 10:00 A-117
I09 88 Peter Howes 12:55 D-110
P12 114 Ingrid Hsiung 10:50 A-113
C15 54 Dorcas Huang 1:45 D-103
B05 44 Eric Huang 2:10 A-135
T04 153 Shawon Jackson 10:25 Acad Pit A-138
S06 148 Ethan Jacobs 2:10 B-108
R07 139 Shantanu Jain 10:25 D-103
F03 72 Shantanu Jain 10:50 D-103
C16 55 Brielle James 12:55 Kids Inst E-115
S04 147 Michelle Jardine 1:20 Acad Pit A-138
P13 115 Vijay Jayaram 1:45 B-133
G05 77 Zeno Jeong 9:10 D-107
Q10 129 Irene Jiang 12:55 A-119
T01 151 Ryan Jordan 12:55 A-135
Q11 129 Harsha Jujjavarapu 10:25 A-131
Q12 130 Harsha Jujjavarapu 10:50 A-131
O04 106 Adam Kalinich 1:20 Lect Hall B-206
I10 88 Aditya Karan 1:45 A-147
C17 55 Lakshmi Katta 10:50 B-108
B06 44 Nilesh Kavthekar 10:00 A-113
F04 73 Nilesh Kavthekar 10:25 A-113
R08 139 Emil Khabiboulline 1:45 Acad Pit A-138
P14 115 Alex Kim 12:55 B-110
O05 106 Jisoo Kim 9:35 A-149
P15 116 Jiwon Kim 9:10 A-149
C18 56 Yoo (Jenny) Kim 9:35 B-116
P16 116 Ifreke King 10:50 A-135
E01 69 Matthew Kleinjan 1:20 Kids Inst E-115
Q13 131 Timothy Klincewicz 11:15 A-121
C19 56 Hannah Koo 1:45 B-108
Q14 132 Alekya Kothamasu 8:45 A-149
I08 87 Austin Kramer 12:55 Lect Hall B-206
164
A03 39 Krishna Kudaravalli 1:20 B-110
P17 117 Previn Kumar 1:45 B-110
Q15 132 Vignessh Kumar 10:50 B-116
K03 97 Benjamin Kuo 8:45 A-119
R09 140 Benjamin Kuo 9:10 A-119
B07 45 Samuel Kwak 2:10 A-147
S07 149 Brittany Kwamin 11:15 A-117
S07 149 Whitney Kwamin 11:15 A-117
C20 57 Jacob Lahr 2:10 A-117
R10 140 John Lee 12:30 B-116
I04 85 Jongmin Lee 9:10 B-116
C18 56 Jongmin Lee 9:35 B-116
A04 39 Justin Lee 9:10 D-110
R11 141 Kiwook Lee 2:10 Acad Pit A-138
P18 117 Samantha Levin 1:20 A-119
E02 70 Mingyang (Jennifer) Li 1:20 B-116
F04 73 Ted Li 10:25 A-113
Q16 133 Xiaoyu Li 1:45 B-116
T03 152 Thomas Lightfoot 12:30 Kids Inst E-115
P19 118 Sarah Lisk 12:30 Lect Hall B-206
D01 68 Naomi Liu 1:45 A-119
H10 83 Victoria Lo 12:55 A-115
R12 141 Peter Lu 2:10 B-116
R13 142 Erik Luo 8:45 B-133
E03 70 Pan Luo 10:50 A-133
P20 118 Justine Ly 8:45 A-117
R14 142 Tuopu Ma 9:10 B-133
H09 82 Christopher Macias 10:00 Acad Pit A-138
O06 107 Corinne Madsen 1:45 A-149
T05 153 Rahul Maheshwari 11:15 D-107
T06 154 Sarah Malik 10:25 A-117
Q17 133 Egle Malinauskaite 2:10 A-149
C21 57 Nolan Maloney 1:20 A-115
C22 58 Janani Mandayam Comar 11:15 A-151
I02 84 Brendan Mathias 1:45 Kids Inst E-115
P21 119 Daniel Matthews 11:15 Lect Hall B-206
C23 58 Lydia Matthews 9:35 A-117
C17 55 Rhyston Mays 10:50 B-108
H07 81 Allyson Milenkovic 2:10 A-115
F05 73 Derrick Miller 11:15 D-103
P22 119 Hannah Miller 2:10 B-110
I11 89 Samir Mishra 2:10 A-119
A05 40 Madhav Mohandas 8:45 A-133
B08 45 Madhav Mohandas 9:10 A-133
P23 120 Christina Momchev 9:35 B-133
165
C24 59 Thitipong Mongkolrattanothai 10:00 B-133
C25 60 Christine Mourafetis 9:35 B-110
I12 89 Byron Mui 1:20 A-149
I13 90 Jonathan Munoz 2:10 D-103
R02 136 Laura Napierkowski 8:45 Acad Pit A-138
F06 73 Angus Nelson 9:35 A-121
J03 95 Perry Nelson 8:45 D-103
U02 155 Ian Nodurft 12:55 B-133
M04 101 Melissa O'Brien 8:45 D-107
K01 95 Cai O'Connell 10:50 Acad Pit A-138
H06 81 Chibuzo Obasi 10:50 Lect Hall B-206
S08 149 Paloma Ocola 2:10 D-107
R15 143 Eric Ordonez 1:20 B-133
E04 71 Elizabeth Ott 11:15 D-110
C22 58 Sai Parepally 11:15 A-151
R16 143 Deokgeun Park 2:10 B-133
C26 60 Cassie Parks 8:45 A-151
T01 151 Rhett Partida 12:55 A-135
D02 68 Jay Patel 1:45 A-115
K04 97 Neel Patel 1:20 D-110
Q18 134 Pujan Patel 1:45 A-113
Q19 134 Pujan Patel 2:10 A-113
F07 74 Gregary Pergrossi 10:00 A-121
F07 74 Zachary Pergrossi 10:00 A-121
P12 114 Pranusha Pinna 10:50 A-113
Q13 131 Areen Pitaktong 11:15 A-121
P07 112 Ajay Pius 9:35 B-148
Q05 126 Tonu Pius 9:10 A-131
C27 61 Irina Pushel 10:00 B-148
P24 120 Gina Qin 12:55 B-148
R17 144 Jorge Quero 11:15 A-133
O01 104 James Quigley 10:00 A-149
N03 103 Haley Ramirez 1:45 A-117
O07 107 Matthew Rasmussen 9:35 A-155
C09 51 James Rea 1:20 A-155
P07 112 Abhinav Reddy 9:35 B-148
C24 59 Mahendra Reddy 10:00 B-133
K05 98 Nishith Reddy 9:35 A-115
P25 121 Nishith Reddy 10:00 A-115
P13 115 Thomas Reith 1:45 B-133
I14 90 Benjamin Richardson 2:10 D-110
D03 68 Glen Richardson 8:45 Lect Hall B-206
P26 121 Ashley Ro 10:00 Kids Inst E-115
T01 151 Rafael Rodriguez 12:55 A-135
I15 91 Madison Rogers 2:10 Kids Inst E-115
166
Q14 132 Alexandra Roman 8:45 A-149
I11 89 Shobhit Roy 2:10 A-119
Q20 135 Nicole Runkle 11:15 A-149
R18 144 Amir Safavi 8:45 Kids Inst E-115
T04 153 Satoe Sakuma 10:25 Acad Pit A-138
A06 40 Sarah Salameh 2:10 B-148
P27 122 Yasmeni Sandridge 12:55 A-121
U01 154 Christopher Sartain 8:45 A-131
M05 101 Jeannine Schulz 10:50 A-115
P28 122 Mehal Shah 2:10 A-133
A07 41 Samir Shah 9:35 D-103
M04 101 Kimberly Sherwin 8:45 D-107
A06 40 Urmi Sheth 2:10 B-148
P20 118 Katherine Shi 8:45 A-117
P29 123 Kevin Shi 9:35 D-107
I16 91 Yanchen Shi 10:00 D-107
H11 83 Alan Shramuk 10:25 Lect Hall B-206
D01 68 Si Si 1:45 A-119
T01 151 Samuel Simon 12:55 A-135
C28 61 Mahi Singh 10:50 A-151
B09 46 Navdeep Singh 8:45 A-121
O08 108 Rose Sloan 10:25 D-107
C29 62 Alexandra Smick 9:10 A-151
I13 90 Samuel Smith 2:10 D-103
I17 92 Hyun Jin Song 9:10 Acad Pit A-138
Q01 124 Shruthi Subramanian 8:45 A-115
R19 145 Michelle Suh 1:45 A-151
P30 123 Steven Suh 8:45 D-110
A04 39 Sung Hwan Suh 9:10 D-110
C20 57 Amanda Sul 2:10 A-117
T02 152 Aditya Suresh 9:35 A-147
C30 62 Andrew Ta 1:20 A-121
Q21 135 Shannon Tai 1:20 B-148
P28 122 Divya Tankasala 2:10 A-133
O09 108 Michael Teng 10:50 A-117
D02 68 Vivek Thakkar 1:45 A-115
O01 104 Oscar To 10:00 A-149
C31 63 Aaditya Tolappa 1:45 A-133
L01 99 Connor Tomasko 1:20 D-103
I01 84 Matthew Tsao 12:55 A-133
P02 109 Kari Tyler 10:25 B-116
C32 63 Risun Udawatta 9:35 D-110
B10 46 Sydney Valero 9:35 A-151
C33 64 Sumana Vardhan 10:50 B-133
P26 121 Nikita Veera 10:00 Kids Inst E-115
167
N04 104 Vamika Venkatesan 1:45 A-121
Q09 128 Jessica Ventenilla 1:45 D-107
C34 64 Sonam Vyas 10:00 A-151
S09 150 Patricia Walchessen 10:25 D-110
C35 65 Kelly Wallin 2:10 A-121
C20 57 Connie Wang 2:10 A-117
R20 145 Gary Wang 10:00 A-119
G06 78 Harley Wang 9:10 A-155
F04 73 Joseph Wang 10:25 A-113
F08 75 Kevin Wang 9:10 Lect Hall B-206
C36 65 Xun Ming (Jenny) Wang 10:50 D-110
G02 76 Samuel Weitekamp 9:35 Lect Hall B-206
M06 102 Sarah Weitekamp 8:45 B-148
S10 150 Andrew Wentzel 2:10 Lect Hall B-206
S03 147 Brendan Wesp 1:20 A-133
I18 92 Michael White 1:45 B-148
C37 66 Jordan Williams 8:45 B-110
F01 71 Konrad Wrobel 9:10 A-121
I19 93 Joly Wu 9:10 Kids Inst E-115
B01 42 Megan Wu 9:35 A-131
C38 66 Diana Xu 11:15 B-108
D02 68 Nathan Yan 1:45 A-115
I20 93 Baihan Yang 10:00 Lect Hall B-206
C39 67 Karthik Yarlagadda 9:35 Kids Inst E-115
B11 47 Candice Yi 12:55 A-113
C40 67 Candice Yi 1:20 A-113
Q21 135 Kelly Yom 1:20 B-148
K06 98 Vanya Yorgova 1:45 D-110
Q17 133 Paul Yuan 2:10 A-149
A08 41 Stanley Yuan 10:25 Kids Inst E-115
K04 97 Seth Zelman 1:20 D-110
A08 41 Vivian Zhang 10:25 Kids Inst E-115
O09 108 Kevin Zhao 10:50 A-117
I16 91 Douglas Zhu 10:00 D-107
S05 148 Elaina Zintl 10:00 A-117
April 2012
Dear IMSA Friends:
This year, the Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy® (IMSA) is celebrating its twenty-fifth
anniversary; encouraging our students to go “Beyond Knowledge” as we strive “to ignite and nurture
creative, ethical, scientific minds that advance the human condition.” The Student Inquiry and
Research (SIR) Program exemplifies what “beyond knowledge” means. Through SIR and its
partnerships, IMSA students engage in rich opportunities to pursue compelling questions of interest,
conduct investigations, engage with extraordinary advisors, communicate findings, and ultimately
impact society. This abstract book reflects our students’ infinite potential for exploring their unique
passions, pursuing new interests, and both asking and answering profound questions. Their research
experiences develop the habits of mind in thinking and learning that prepare them for careers that may
well not yet exist.
Through SIR, IMSA provides a mechanism that engages students in personalized learning to pursue
solutions to problems and issues that challenge our global community. Partnerships with distinguished
professionals at colleges and universities, research institutions, businesses, and museums allow our
students to gain experience in real-world problem solving, collaboration, and scholarship. The ability
to work with professionals is life-changing for our students. Evidence of our students’ excellence, in all
fields, is found within this proceedings book of our twenty-fourth annual IMSAloquium. Many of our
students have already, in high school, published and presented at local, national, and international
venues. These students exemplify a tradition of excellence. We set high expectations for our students,
and you will find that IMSA students far exceed these expectations for accomplishments and
contributions to society. They are well-prepared to solve the challenges that we will face in the future.
In just twenty-five years, IMSA has become one of the premier institutions of its kind in our state, our
nation, and the world. As such, we have a responsibility to share our expertise with others. Toward
this end, we are aggressively delivering services around the state for teachers and students to assist with
developing the “next generation” of talent and leadership in science, technology, engineering, and
mathematics. We host educators from as close as neighboring districts and as far as Australia and
China in both formal and informal conversations to advance teaching and learning for the State of
Illinois. We look forward to our next twenty-five years going “Beyond Knowledge.”
The strength of our Student Inquiry and Research program lies with collaborative partnerships, and we
are deeply appreciative of our students’ advisors and their institutions. We thank all the experts and
leaders who join us in boldly applying innovative ways to nurture learners’ talents and guide them as
they reach extraordinary levels of achievement. When working together as a collective community, we
have the vision, resources, and influence to shape education in ways that truly enable students to “learn
how to learn” so they can confront present and future challenges that impact our local and global
communities and most certainly “advance the human condition.”
Sincerely,
Glenn W. “Max” McGee, Ph.D. Judith A. Scheppler, Ph.D.
President Coordinator of Student Inquiry & Research
1
Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
The World's Leading Teaching and Learning Laboratory for Imagination and Inquiry
Twenty-fourth Annual IMSAloquium
April 25, 2012
Table of Contents
Student Inquiry and Research ……………………….…………………………………………….…. 2
Student Accomplishments…………………..……………………………………………………... 3 - 8
Schedule of Activities ……………………………………………………………………................... 9
Poster Session ….......…………………………..……………………………………………..... 11 - 20
Poster Session Maps ………………………………………………………………….. 21 - 24
Time and Room Schedule for Presentations ………………………………………….…………25 - 37
Student Abstracts, organized by topic…………………………………..………….………….. 38 - 156
• A Biochemistry 38 - 40
• B Bioengineering 41 - 45
• C Biology 46 - 71
• D Business 71
• E Chemistry 72 - 76
• F Computer Science 77 - 79
• G Economics 80 - 82
• H Education 83 - 84
• I Engineering 85 - 91
• J English 92
• K Environmental Science 92 - 96
• L Fine Arts 97
• M History 98 - 99
• N Law 100
• O Mathematics 101
• P Medicine 102 - 118
• Q Neurobiology 119 - 134
• R Physics 135 - 144
• S Psychology 145 - 150
• T Social Science 151 - 156
• U Space Science 157
SIR 2010-11 Summary ……………………………………………………………………………..158 - 162
Index of Student Presenters Referenced to Time, Room, and Abstract Number …………………. 163 - 169
Inside Back Cover – IMSA Map with Room Locations Highlighted
IMSAloquium cover designer is Chris Reader, IMSA staff member.
The cover was inspired by Science (August 12, 2011).
IMSAloquium logo design by Stephanie Chang and Hon Lung Chu (IMSA Class of 2007).
2
Student Inquiry and Research
The Student Inquiry and Research (SIR) program has been an integral part of student personalized learning
at IMSA since the 1989 academic year. Since its inception with seven students, SIR has grown into a
program that encompasses all disciplines and participation by 92.5% of the class of 2012. Our students’
accomplishments have flourished. They do not have to wait until they graduate from college to begin to
make significant contributions to science, mathematics, the humanities, and the world around them.
IMSA’s young apprentice investigators open our eyes to what is possible, and the World is paying
attention. Accomplishments by students participating in Student Inquiry and Research are numerous!
Authorship or Co-authorship in Publications (partial list)
• The Astrophysical Journal Letters
• Information Processing Letters
• Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
• Journal of Comparative Neurology
• Journal of Experimental Secondary Science
• Journal of Physical Chemistry
• Nature
“Student Inquiry and Research: Developing Students' Authentic Inquiry Skills” authored by Judith A.
Scheppler, Susan Styer, Donald Dosch, Joseph Traina, and Christopher Kolar, is among only eighteen
inquiry-based programs nation-wide to have a chapter in the National Science Teachers Association book
Inquiry: The Key to Exemplary Science (2009, NSTA Press).
“Student Inquiry at the Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy,” authored by Judith A. Scheppler,
Donald Dosch, Susan Styer, and Steve Rogg, is among only fifteen high school models in the nation to
have chapters in the National Science Teachers Association book, Exemplary Science in Grades 9-12
(2005, NSTA Press).
Portraits of Great American Scientists (2001, Prometheus Books) contains biographies of fifteen
American men and women motivated to excel in diverse fields of science. This book was the collaborative
student effort of fifteen participants in IMSA's Student Inquiry and Research Program.
Presentations (partial list)
• American Physical Society
• American Society of Cell Biology
• American Society of Microbiology
• 10th Annual Dabrowski Conference
• Junior Academy of Science at AAAS
• Eighth Annual Lewis Landsberg Research Day at Northwestern University
• NCSSSMST Student Research Symposium
• University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry Clinic and Research Day
Competitions (partial list)
• iBioGENEius
• Intel International Science and Engineering Fair
18 finalists since 2008
1 fourth place (individual) category award, 1 (team) third place category award
• Intel Science Talent Search
41 semi-finalists and 11 finalists since 1989
Finalists have placed first (1993), fifth (1998), third (1999), and second and sixth (2005)
• Junior Science and Humanities Symposium
• Neuroscience Research Prize
• Siemens Westinghouse (established 1998-99)
49 regional semi-finalists resulting in 6 regional finalists and 1 national semi-finalist
3
2011-2012 Student Recognition
Please join us in the Academic Pit at 12:30 for our Student Recognition Ceremony
Hosted By
Dr. Glenn “Max” McGee, IMSA President
Soham Ali: Analysis of Colorectal Cancer Risk Factors in E-Cadherin in Diverse Patient Populations
Advisors: Nathan Ellis, Shilpa Ravella; University of Illinois at Chicago
Presented at the International Student Science Fair, April 30 – May 4, 2012 in Winnipeg, Manitoba,
Canada
Courtney Amegashie: Concentration Effect of Chemically-Induced Hypoxia on the Metastasis of High
Nitric Oxide Adapted and Non-Adapted Cancer Cells
Advisor: James Radosevich; University of Illinois at Chicago
Presented at the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry Clinic and Research Day, March
8, 2012 in Chicago, Illinois; DuPage County ACT-SO (Afro-Academic, Cultural, Technological and
Scientific Olympics) gold medal winner in biochemistry4
Courtney Amegashie: The Comparison of Motility in Parent Versus High Nitric Oxide Adapted Cells
Advisor: James Radosevich; University of Illinois at Chicago
DuPage County ACT-SO (Afro-Academic, Cultural, Technological and Scientific Olympics) Competition
gold medal winner in biology3
Wendy Bindeman: The Expression of MDS1 and EVI1 Complex Locus in Seven Cancer Cell Lines
Advisor: Don Dosch, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Presented at the American Junior Academy of Sciences conference at the American Association for the
Advancement of Science annual conference, February 15-19, 2012 in Vancouver, British Columbia,
Canada
Yiyun Cao: Regulation and Role of Regulator of G-protein Signaling-1 in Celiac Disease Pathogenesis
Advisors: Bana Jabri, Cezary Ciszewski; University of Chicago
Siemens Competition Regional Semi-Finalist; Intel Science Talent Search semi-finalist; Illinois Junior
Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist1; Intel International Science and Engineering Fair
finalist2; Chicago Region Junior Science and Humanities Symposium Finalist: Chicago Region third
place winner
Henry Deng: Networks of Ultrasmall Pd/Cr Nanowires as High Performance Hydrogen Sensors
Advisors: Zhi-Li Xaio, Hsien-Hau Wang, and Michael Latimer; Argonne National Laboratory
Published in ACS Nano, 2011, 5 (9), pp 7443–7452; Publication Date (Web): August 22, 2011 (Article)
DOI: 10.1021/nn2023717 (Xiao-Qiao Zeng, Yong-Lei Wang, Henry Deng, Michael L. Latimer, Zhi-Li
Xiao, John Pearson, Tao Xu, Hsien-Hau Wang, Ulrich Welp, George W. Crabtree, and Wai-Kwong
Kwok)
Presented at the American Junior Academy of Sciences conference at the American Association for the
Advancement of Science annual conference, February 15-19, 2012 in Vancouver, British Columbia,
Canada
4
Sruthi Doniparthi: CDDO Inhibits TGF-Beta-Induced EMT in A549 Lung Epithelial Cells via the
P13K/AKT Pathway
Advisors: Jun Wei and John Varga; Northwestern University
Siemens Competition Regional Semi-Finalist; Chicago Region Junior Science and Humanities
Symposium Finalist
Johnny Duan: Runx2 Contributes to Murine Col10a1 Gene Regulation Through Direct Interaction with
Its Cis-Enhancer
Advisor: Qiping Zheng; Rush University Medical Center
Published in Journal of Bone and Mineral Research (2011). 26 (12) pp 2899-2910. (Feifei Li, Yaojuan
Lu, Ming Ding, Dobrawa Napierala, Sam Abbassi, Yuqing Chen, Xiangyun Duan, Siying Wang, Brendan
Lee, and Qiping Zheng)
Nicholas Fung: The Effect of Poly I:C on Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGFβ)-Induced Fibrotic
Responses
Advisors: Feng Fang and John Varga; Northwestern University
Co-presented at the Eighth Annual Lewis Landsberg Research Day at Northwestern University, April 5,
2012 in Chicago, Illinois (Feng Fang, Nicholas Fung, John Varga)
Annie Guo: Institutional Review Board Unanticipated Problems Involving Risks to Subjects or
Others Reports Lack Sufficient Information to Determine Causality
Advisors: Steven Belknap, Debra Tice Gobson, Dennis West; Northwestern University
Co-author of poster presented at the Eighth Annual Lewis Landsberg Research Day at Northwestern
University, April 5, 2012 in Chicago, Illinois (Mai, Guo, Belknap, Tice Gibson, West)
Brinda Gupta: Effect of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridnium (MPP+) on Dopamine Neuron Loss in LPS
Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease
Advisors: Paul Carvey, Bill Hendey; Rush University Medical Center
Presented at the American Junior Academy of Sciences conference at the American Association for the
Advancement of Science annual conference, February 15-19, 2012 in Vancouver, British Columbia,
Canada
Jennifer Huang: Development of an Improved Soft Agar Method
Advisors: Kim Elseth, Benjamin Vesper, Maaly Bassiony, Bulent Aydrogan, and James Radosevich;
University of Illinois at Chicago
Poster co-presented at the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry Clinic and Research
Day, March 8, 2012 in Chicago, Illinois (Jennifer Huang, Melissa Kim, Kim M. Elseth, Benjamin J.
Vesper, Maaly Bassiony, Bulent Aydrogan, James A. Radosevich)
Aadam Ibraham: FTIR in Pharmacology
Advisor: Carol Hirschmugl; University of Wisconsin at Madison
Poster presented at the 2011 Synchrotron Radiation Center Users' Meeting, September 16-17, 2011 at the
University of Wisconsin at Madison, Wisconsin
Taylor Imburgia: Examining the Levels of Overexcitabilities of IMSA Sophomores
Advisors: Christopher Kolar, Deb McGrath, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Presentation at the 10th Annual Dabrowski Conference, July 19-21, 2012 in Denver, Colorado
5
Adam Kalinich: Flipping the Winner of a Poset Game
Advisor: Lance Fortnow; Northwestern University
Published in Information Processing Letters (2012). 86, pp 86-89. (Adam Kalinich)
Intel Science Talent Search Semi-Finalist and Finalist
Nilesh Kavthekar: Collagen-Hyaluronic Acid Membranes for Tissue Regeneration
Advisor: Justin Liu; Northwestern University
Siemens Competition Regional Semi-Finalist; Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition
Finalist1; IJAS Region V Special Award: U.S. Army Special Award for Engineering; Intel International
Science and Engineering Fair finalist2
Emil Khabiboulline: Modeling of Quench Protection Techniques in Superconducting Solenoid Magnets
Advisor: Iouri Terechkine; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Siemens Competition Regional Semi-Finalist; Presented at the American Junior Academy of Sciences
conference at the American Association for the Advancement of Science annual conference, February 15-
19, 2012 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Melissa Kim: Development of an Improved Soft Agar Method
Advisors: Kim Elseth, Benjamin Vesper, Maaly Bassiony, Bulent Aydrogan, and James Radosevich;
University of Illinois at Chicago
Poster co-presented at the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry Clinic and Research
Day, March 8, 2012 in Chicago, Illinois (Jennifer Huang, Melissa Kim, Kim M. Elseth, Benjamin J.
Vesper, Maaly Bassiony, Bulent Aydrogan, James A. Radosevich)
Jenny Lee: Gold Ion–Angiotensin Peptide Interaction by Mass Spectrometry
Advisor: Bao-Shiang Lee; University of Illinois at Chicago
Published in the Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry (2012) published online February 2012;
Doi: 10.1007/s13361-011-0328-0 (Jenny Lee, Lasanthi P. Jayathilaka, Shalini Gupta, Jin-Sheng Huang, Bao-
Shiang Lee)
John Lee: Characterization of Linear-Dendron Based Micelle Formulations
Advisor: Jonathan Paley; Argonne National Laboratory
Presented at the Ninth Annual RITS Super Science Fair, Nov. 19-17, 2011 in Kyoto, Japan
Shelly Li: Thymoquinone Inhibits Cigarette Smoke Extract-Induced SiHa Cell Invasion
Advisor: Kenneth Alexander, University of Chicago
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist1; IJAS Region V Special Award: Naval
Science Award
Xiaoyu Li: Organizational Motifs for Ground Squirrel Cone Bipolar Cells
Advisor: Steven DeVries; Northwestern University
Published in the Journal of Comparative Neurology. (online February, 2012). Adam C. Light, Yongling
Zhu, Jun Shi, Shannon Saszik, Sarah Lindstrom, Laura Davidson, Xiaoyu Li, Vince A. Chiodo, William
W. Hauswirth, Wei Li and Steven H. DeVries. (DOI: 10.1002/cne.23068)
Xiaoyu Li: Dopamine Regulation of Cone-Cone Gap Junctions in Ground Squirrel Retina
Advisor: Steven DeVries; Northwestern University
Published in the Journal of Experimental Secondary Science, October 2011
6
Claire Liang: Modeling Spatial Growth Dynamics of Stem Cell in Tissue Growth and Regeneration
Advisors: Qing Nie and Youfang Cao; University of California at Irvine and University of Illinois at
Chicago
Co-author of paper presented at the Illinois Workshop on Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering,
November 18, 2011; Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist1
Peter Lu: Nonequilibrium Dynamics in Cuprate Superconductors Using Transient Grating Spectroscopy
Advisors: Nuh Gedik and Fahad Mahmood; Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Siemens Competition Regional Semi-Finalist
Rahul Maheswari: IL-10 Expression Surrounding Neuromuscular Junctions in the mSOD1 Mouse
Model of ALS
Advisor: Nichole Mesnard; University of Illinois at Chicago
Poster presented at the American Association of Anatomists regional meeting, February 25, 2012, Rush
University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; Second Place Award in the High School Student Poster
Competition
Anuj Marathe: Heat Shock Protein 70 Regulates Interleukin 10 Producing Regulatory T Cells
Advisors: Eugene Chang, Yunwei Wang; University of Chicago
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist1; Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences
Paper Exposition Finalist1; Intel International Science and Engineering Fair finalist2; Chicago Region
Junior Science and Humanities Symposium Finalist and Chicago Region runner-up
Sarah Martin: TNFα Expression Surrounding Neuromuscular Junctions in the mSOD1 Mouse Model of
ALS
Advisor: Nichole Mesnard; University of Illinois at Chicago
Poster presented at the American Association of Anatomists regional meeting, February 25, 2012, Rush
University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
Aalap Mehta: The Role of RBP2 in MCF-7 Cancer Cell Drug Resistance
Advisor: Elizaveta Benevolenskaya; University of Illinois at Chicago
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist1; IJAS Special Award: Society for In
Vitro Biology Award; Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Paper Exposition Finalist1
Thitipong Mongkolrattanothai: Ranolazine Inhibition of the Late Sodium Ion Current Slows the
Progression of Heart Failure, Disorganization of T-tubules, and Hypertrophy of the Heart
Advisors: James Kelly, Amanda Nahhas, Matthew O’Toole, and J. Andrew Wasserstrom; Northwestern
University
Presented at the International Student Science Fair, October 8-15, 2011, in Bangkok, Thailand
Laura Napierkowski: R&D for the Tracking Detector for the Muon g-2 Experiment at Fermi National
Accelerator Laboratory
Advisor: Mandy Rominsky; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Presented at the American Physical Society April Meeting 2012, March 31 - April 3, 2012, Atlanta,
Georgia
7
Deokgeun Park: Initial Calibration of CCD Images for the Dark Energy Survey
Advisors: H. Thomas Diehl and Douglas Tucker; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Published in the Journal of Experimental Secondary Science, October 2011; Illinois Junior Academy of
Sciences Region V Project Exposition participant; IJAS Region V Special Award: U.S. Air Force Special
Award; Chicago Region Junior Science and Humanities Symposium Finalist
Shivani Patel: Immunohistochemical Localization of HCN1-4 Channels in the Mouse Brain
Advisor: Dane Chetkovich; Northwestern University
Presented at the International Student Science Fair, April 30 – May 4, 2012 in Winnipeg, Manitoba,
Canada
Nishith Reddy: The Effect of Transgenic MA20 on Inflammation of the Intestinal Epithelium
Advisor: David Boone; University of Chicago
Siemens Competition Regional Semi-Finalist; Presented at the American Junior Academy of Sciences
conference at the American Association for the Advancement of Science annual conference, February 15-
19, 2012 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Sarah Salameh: Early Events in Herpes Simplex Virus Lifecycle with Implications for an Infection of
Lifetime
Advisor: Deepak Shukla; University of Illinois at Chicago
Published in The Open Virology Journal (2012) Vol. 6, pp 1-6 (Sarah Salameh, Urmi Sheth, and Deepak
Shukla)
Urmi Sheth: Early Events in Herpes Simplex Virus Lifecycle with Implications for an Infection of
Lifetime
Advisor: Deepak Shukla; University of Illinois at Chicago
Published in the Open Virology Journal (2012) Vol. 6, pp 1-6 (Sarah Salameh, Urmi Sheth, and Deepak
Shukla)
Yanchen Shi: A Low-Power Wave Union TDC Implemented in FPGA
Advisor: Jinyuan Wu; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Co-author of paper presented at the Topical Workshop on Electronics for Particle Physics 2011
(TWEPP-11), September 26-30, 2011 in Vienna, Austria (Jinyuan Wu, Yanchen Shi, Douglas Zhu)
Rose Neiberg Sloan: Stable Expansions of the Integers
Advisor: David Marker; University of Illinois at Chicago
Intel Science Talent Search semi-finalist
Michelle Suh: The Comparison of the Different Radiotherapy Neutron Sources in Various Facilities for
the Optimal Result in Neutron Therapy
Advisor: Thomas Kroc; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Presented at the International Student Science Fair, October 8-15, 2011, in Bangkok, Thailand;
Presented at the American Junior Academy of Sciences conference at the American Association for the
Advancement of Science annual conference, February 15-19, 2012 in Vancouver, British Columbia,
Canada
8
Shannon Tai: Increased Heterogeneity of Calcium Cycling in Myocytes from Failing Hearts
Advisor: J. Andrew Wasserstrom; Northwestern University
Presented at the Ninth Annual RITS Super Science Fair, Nov. 19-17, 2011 in Kyoto, Japan
Lee Tang: Modulation of the Akt/Protein Kinase B Pathway in Human Neutrophils Through the
Inhibition of Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog and PH Domain Leucine-Rich Repeat Protein
Phosphatase
Advisor: Xiangdong Zhu; University of Chicago
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Paper Exposition participant
Jordan Williams: The Effect of Silver Ion on Sewage Treatment Bacteria
Advisors: Megan Schrementi and Mark Carlson, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Presented at the Ninth Annual RITS Super Science Fair, Nov. 19-17, 2011 in Kyoto, Japan
Summer Wu: Characterization and Manipulation of Nanorods via an Applied Magnetic Field
Advisors: Shih-han Lo, Vinayak Dravid; Northwestern University
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist1;IJAS Region V Special Awards: Mu
Alpha Theta Award and Yale Science and Engineering Association, Inc. (YSEA) Science Fair Award;
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Paper Exposition Finalist1; Midwest Research Competition: Positive
Impact finalist4
Douglas Zhu: A Low-Power Wave Union TDC Implemented in FPGA
Advisor: Jinyuan Wu; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Co-author of paper presented at the Topical Workshop on Electronics for Particle Physics 2011
(TWEPP-11), September 26-30, 2011 in Vienna, Austria (Jinyuan Wu, Yanchen Shi, Douglas Zhu)
1) The Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences (IJAS) State Paper and Project Expositions are May 5 & 6, 2012 in
Champaign, Illinois
2) The Intel International Science and Engineering Fair is May 13-18, 2012 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
3) ACT-SO National Finals will be held at the NAACP National Convention in Houston, Texas July 2012
4) Midwest Research Competition: Positive Impact is April 13, 2012 at Wheeling High School
9
ILLINOIS MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE ACADEMY
The World's Leading Teaching and Learning Laboratory for Imagination and Inquiry
IMSAloquium:
Student Investigation Showcase
April 25, 2012
Schedule of Sessions
7:45 AM - 8:35 AM Poster Session
8:45 AM - 9:00 AM IMSAloquium Session 1
9:10 AM - 9:25 AM IMSAloquium Session 2
9:35 AM - 9:50 AM IMSAloquium Session 3
10:00 AM - 10:15 AM IMSAloquium Session 4
10:25 AM - 10:40 AM IMSAloquium Session 5
10:50 AM - 11:05 AM IMSAloquium Session 6
11:15 AM - 11:30 AM IMSAloquium Session 7
11:30 AM - 12:30 PM Lunch
12:30 PM - 12:45 PM IMSAloquium Session 8
12:55 PM - 1:10 PM IMSAloquium Session 9
1:20 PM - 1:35 PM IMSAloquium Session 10
1:45 PM - 2:00 PM IMSAloquium Session 11
2:10 PM - 2:25 PM IMSAloquium Session 12
10
11
IMSAloquium Poster Session
Biochemistry Title Start
Time
Room
A01 Osazomon
Imarenezor
The Effects of Varying Concentrations of Permanent Hair Relaxer
Components on Human Fibroblasts Cells
12:55 A-135
A02 Jenny Lee Gold Ion-Protein Interaction by Mass Spectrometry 10:50 A-133
A03 Nolan Maloney Mechanism of MYCN Destabilization in Neuroblastoma 1:20 A-119
A04 Madhav
Mohandas
Comparative Analysis of Protein Cargo Selection During Intracellular
Trafficking Under Normal and Heat Stressed Conditions
9:35 B-110
A05 Kyle Mou Effects of Modifications to Hsp27 on Viability of Smooth Muscle Cells
Under Oxidative Stress
9:35 D-107
Bioengineering Title Start
Time
Room
B01 Eaton Guo Incorporating Apoptosis in a Cell Proliferation Simulation Program 1:20 A-151
B02 Nilesh
Kavthekar
Design and Characterization of Three Dimensional Bioplotted Natural
Biopolymer Constructs for Tissue Engineering Applications
10:00 A-113
B03 Akram Khaja Role of the Prefrontal Cortex in Trace Eye-Blink Conditioning 8:45 A-121
B04 Krishna
Kudaravalli
Ajay Pius
Using the Laser Diode to Determine the Stapedius Reflex 10:25 A-121
B05 John Lee Micelle Formulations of Dendron-Based Block Copolymers with Various
Surface Groups
9:10 A-133
B06 Claire Liang Modeling Spatial Population Dynamics of Stem Cells in Tissue Growth 12:55 B-148
B07 Nishith Reddy Microbial Dynamics in Methane Oxidation for Biochar-Amended Landfill
Covers
10:50 B-133
B08 Nathan Suek Effect of Cleaning Methods on Hydrophilicity of Different Thicknesses of
TiO2 Layers
9:35 A-131
B09 Matthew Tsao Visualization of Functional Group Selection in Creating Hypothetical Metal-
Organic Frameworks
11:15 A-135
B10 Nathaniel White
Brent Wu
Frequency Detection in Deaf Cats 11:15 A-121
Biology Title Start
Time
Room
C01 Soham Ali Analysis of Colorectal Cancer Risk Factors in E-Cadherin in Diverse Patient
Populations
8:45 B-133
C02 Lydia Auch
Christine
Darabaris
The Effects of Plyometric Strength Training on Running Economy 1:20 A-155
C03 Yiyun Cao Regulation and Role of Regulator of G-protein Signaling-1 in Celiac Disease
Pathogenesis
12:30 A-117
C04 Francis Cocjin
Egle
Malinauskaite
Bacterial Species Identification Using Polymerase Chain Reaction 10:25 B-148
C05 Shelby Daniel-
Wayman
Hypoxia and Starvation Promote Autophagy as a Survival Mechanism 12:55 B-133
C06 Sonya Dave
Andrew Ta
Aaditya Tolappa
Characterizing Tolerance in Pediatric Food Allergy 1:45 Acad. Pit
A-138
12
Biology Title Start
Time
Room
C07 Sruthi
Doniparthi
Dimethylfumurate Inhibits Tumor Growth Factor-Beta-Induced
Myofibroblast Differentiation in Dermal Fibroblasts via the Nrf2 Pathway
9:10 A-115
C08 Sruthi
Doniparthi
CDDO Inhibits TGF-Beta-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in
A549 Lung Epithelial Cells via the PI3K/AKT Pathway
8:45 A-115
C09 Nicholas Fung The Effect of Poly I:C on Transforming Growth Factor-β-Induced Fibrotic
Responses
9:35 A-115
C10 Beatrice Go Functional Central Polypurine Tract Provides Downstream Protection of
HIV-1 Genome from Editing by APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F
9:35 A-151
C11 Ashima Gupta HOXA10 Regulates Transcription of Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 in Myeloid
Cells
9:35 B-108
C12 Katherine
Havighorst
Brooke
Kottkamp
A Correlation Between Anticipatory Behaviors and Feeding Times in
Captive Animals
1:45 B-108
C13 Dorcas Huang Action of Estrogen on Tumorigenic and Non-Tumorigenic Rat Prostate
Epithelial Progenitor Cells
1:45 A-149
C14 Jennifer Huang
Melissa Kim
Biological Properties of Cancer Cells Through Soft Agar Cloning 10:25 A-117
C15 Jimmy Huang The Effect of the Modified Base m6A on the Splicing of a Pre-mRNA
Transcript
10:50 A-131
C16 Seneca Hutson
Amanda Magyar
Leaf Variation in Agathis robusta as an Indicator of Forest Structure for
Fossil Plants
12:55 D-103
C17 Tejas Joshi Efficiency of Magnetic Bead and Gel Insert Preparation in Vector Cloning 10:00 B-148
C18 Kaylee
Karumanchi
Loss of miR-145 in Colon Cancer Upregulates Direct Target ADAM17 10:25 D-107
C19 Jiwon Kim The Effects of Iodine on the Ghost Shrimp Palaemonetes kadiakensis 10:50 B-148
C20 Hannah Koo The Effects of Cholesterol Level Manipulations in Model Lipid Bilayers 10:25 A-149
C21 Dipen Kumar The Effect of the Enteric Biome on Lysosomal Hydrolase Activity 1:20 B-133
C22 Vignessh Kumar Investigation of the Expression Pattern of Thioredoxin Domain Containing 9
in Developing Zebrafish
1:45 D-103
C23 Shannon Kurian
Monica Patel
The Role of SGK1 in Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in Endometriotic Cells 1:20 A-117
C24 Sarah Lisk An Examination of Nutritional Stress in a Nineteenth Century Skeletal
Population From Peoria, Illinois
8:45 D-110
C25 Christine Liu Characterizing the Ideal Antibody Isotype Distribution Against Influenza 8:45 B-110
C26 Sirisha Manam The Effects of HSP70 antibodies in an Anti-Tumor Response 10:25 A-115
C27 Anuj Marathe Heat Shock Protein 70 Regulates Interleukin 10 Producing Regulatory T Cells 8:45 A-147
C28 Aalap Mehta The Role of RBP2 in MCF-7 Cancer Cell Drug Resistance 9:35 B-133
C29 Aalap Mehta Transcriptional Regulation by Retinoblastoma Binding Protein 2 10:00 B-133
C30 Vamsikrishna
Naidu
Frequency of Periosteal Reactions in a Nineteenth Century Skeletal
Population From Peoria, Illinois
10:50 D-110
C31 Areen Pitaktong The Glycobiology of Prostate Cancer 11:15 Acad. Pit
A-138
C32 Nishith Reddy The Effect of Vector Backbones on PCR Cloning of Green Fluorescent
Protein
11:15 B-133
C33 Sabrina Roberts How Does the Silencing Mediator of Retinoid and Thyroid Hormone
Receptors Affect Glucocorticoid Receptor Action?
1:45 A-121
C34 Sarah Salameh
Urmi Sheth
The Role of Protein Vpx in HIV Inhibitor SAMHD1 Degradation 8:45 A-149
C35 Navika Shukla The Role of the Receptor Nectin-1 in Viral Spread of Herpes Simplex Virus-1 1:20 A-113
C36 Steven Suh The Selection of Resistance in E. coli 9:35 B-148
13
Biology Title Start
Time
Room
C37 Shannon Tai Increased Heterogeneity of Calcium Cycling in Ventricular Myocytes from
Failing Hearts
10:50 A-113
C38 Arjun Tambe An Analysis of the Effects of Azelaic Acid on Principal Gene Expression and
Root Growth in Arabidopsis thaliana
1:20 A-135
C39 Lee Tang Modulation of the Akt/Protein Kinase B Pathway in Human Neutrophils
Through the Inhibition of Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog and PH Domain
Leucine-Rich Repeat Protein Phosphatase
10:00 B-110
C40 Riva Trivedi Comparison of Drosophila cmi and Human MLL/ALR Type 3 PHD Fingers 1:45 A-131
C41 Malia Wenny Population Structure of Avian Chewing Lice Brueelia laticeps on Two
Toucan Genera Andigena and Aulacorhynchus
10:00 A-149
C42 Andrew Wentzel Phase Behavior in Cell-Free Membrane Vesicles 10:25 A-147
C43 Shannon Tai
Shohei
Yamakawa
Satya Yerrabolu
Triggered Intracellular Ca2+ Release in Failing Canine Atrial Myocytes 11:15 A-113
C44 Karthik
Yarlagadda
Comparison of the Sutural Morphologies of the Lungfish Taxa Neoceratodus
and its Close Relatives
10:50 B-108
C45 Kelly Yom The Role of the Silencing Mediator of Retinoid and Thyroid Hormone
Receptor in Regulating 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Receptor Activity
2:10 A-121
C46 Jeffrey Zhao CD1-d Expression in Breast Cancer Progression 1:20 B-148
Business Title Start
Time
Room
D01 Evan Yin A Nonlinear Portfolio Building Model in Futures Trading Strategy 8:45 Lect. Hall
B-206
Chemistry Title Start
Time
Room
E01 Brian Chen Characterization of Electron Beam-Induced Deposited Nanoparticles in
Liquid Medium
10:25 A-155
E02 Sanggyu
(Raymond)
Chong
Michelle Suh
Determining the Global Minimum Binding Energy of the Interaction Between
Different Gas Molecules and Functional Groups in Metal-Organic Framework
Using Quantum Chemistry Calculations
1:45 A-117
E03 Yan-Yang Feng
Mingyang
(Jennifer) Li
Comparing the Antioxidant Contents of Blueberries, Grapes, and Acai Berries 2:10 Kids Inst.
E-115
E04 Nishita Kumar An Investigation into Solid Catalysts for Biodiesel Conversion Using Fresh
Soy Oil
12:55 D-107
E05 Joshua Lam Standardization of Chinese Medicinal Herbs by Thin Layer and High
Performance Liquid Chromatography
2:10 B-148
E06 Grace Li
Lily Lou
Thin Layer and High Performance Liquid Chromatography of Chinese
Medicinal Herbs
1:45 B-148
E07 Jingfei Li Search for an Anti-Bird Flu Agent From Southeastern Asian Plants 8:45 D-107
E08 Ashley Radee An Investigation into Solid Catalysts for Biodiesel Synthesis from Used
Fryer Oil
11:15 D-107
E09 Richard Shen Spectroscopic Analysis of Chemical Intermediates of Lithium-Air Batteries 1:20 B-108
E10 Yuanhao Wang Crystallization of Electronic and Magnetic Molecule-Based Materials 10:50 D-103
14
Computer Science Title Start
Time
Room
F01 Brian Chien Extracting Key Words from News Articles to Find Appropriate Sites 10:25 A-113
F02 Mosab Elagha
Ivan Zlatanov
TitanOS: The Student Operating System 1:45 A-147
F03 Joshua Fornek Modeling the Motions of High Altitude Balloons 9:35 D-103
F04 Jason Lin Autonomous Flight of an Android Piloted Plane 9:35 A-135
F05 Andrew Wentzel An Exploration into Artificial Intelligence: The Mind as a Complex, Adaptive
System
2:10 Acad. Pit
A-138
F06 Matthew Yang Graphics Processing Unit-Accelerated Proton Collision Modeling in C++ and
CUDA
2:10 A-147
Economics Title Start
Time
Room
G01 Yusuf Aktan Analysis of Market-Based Water Conservation Methods in the United States 10:00 B-108
G02 Henry Deng Modeling and Forecasting the Price of Gold Futures: Comparing the Black-
Scholes Equation Against a Multi-Factor Linear Regression Model, Time-
Series Analysis, and More Complex Stochastic Models
11:15 A-133
G03 Saarthak Gupta Combating Corruption and Spreading Financial Services via Technology in
Himalayan Economies
10:25 A-135
G04 Irene Jiang The Great Recession: A Clarification 9:35 D-110
G05 Samuel
Kaufman
Matthew
Tennenhouse
Determining the Value of a Baseball Player 1:20 Kids Inst.
E-115
Education Title Start
Time
Room
H01 Karina Banda
Joscelyn Garcia
Mariela
Rodriguez
A Case Study Comparing Parent Involvement Indicators and Factors Between
Two Elementary Schools of Different Socioeconomic Levels.
10:00 A-147
H02 Morgan Ashley
Craft
Ashley
Washington
The Self-Perceptions of Academic Achievement Amongst Racially Diverse
Gifted Students
9:35 Kids Inst.
E-115
H03 Margaret Daly
Sandy Perez
Preparedness of Ninth and Tenth Grade Mathematics Teachers for
Implementing Common Core State Standards
9:10 A-155
H04 Lucija Filipac
Sonam Vyas
Improving American Mathematics and Science Education for Global Success
Using the Programme for International Student Assessment Results, Surveys,
and Interviews
8:45 Acad. Pit
A-138
Engineering Title Start
Time
Room
I01 Jorge Acosta
Ayun Brown
Methods for Reduction of Power Consumption in Display Electronics 11:15 B-108
I02 Paul Bogdan Development of a Field Programmable Gate Array Block for Real Time Pulse
Analysis with Applications in High Energy Physics
8:45 B-148
I03 Gary Chen The Physical, Structural, and Chemical Properties of Ni2ZrIn 10:0 A-121
I04 Sanggyu
(Raymond)
Chong
Finding Hydrophobic Chemical Structure That Enables the Adsorption of
Ammonia
2:10 A-117
15
Engineering Title Start
Time
Room
I05 Aditya Karan Optimizing the Conjugation and Separation of Linear Chains of
Polyphosphates
1:45 A-151
I06 Keith
Kimberling
Determining the Feasibility of Using Polymer Electrode Membrane Fuel Cells
as a Household Power Source
1:45 A-155
I07 Benjamin Kuo Designing a Water Filter for Developing Nations 11:15 D-103
I08 Byron Mui
Justin Sass
Designing a Mixed-Use Facility in a Semi-Urban Environment 1:45 A-119
I09 Zoe Phillips Properties of the Heusler Alloy Ni2GaZr 9:35 A-121
I10 Amir Safavi Improving the Design of a Dual Intermeshing Rotor Helicopter 11:15 A-155
I11 Robert Schurz A Transimpedance Amplifier Under Cryogenic Temperatures 12:30 A-131
I12 Hyun Jin Song
Jennifer Zhang
Changing Cell Fate: A New Method to Treat Colon Cancer Without the Side
Effects of Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy
9:10 A-119
I13 Kyle Stanevich IMSA Students' Motivations to use Electricity Generating Bikes 12:55 Kids Inst.
E-115
I14 Summer Wu Characterization and Manipulation of Nanorods via an Applied
Magnetic Field
11:15 A-117
English Title Start
Time
Room
J01 Brianna
Collender
Karolyn
Stromdahl
"The One Sin the Gods Never Forgive Us is That of Being Born Women:" A
Study of Women in Popular Modern Fantasy
11:15 A-151
Environmental Science Title Start
Time
Room
K01 Mitchell Bieniek
Christopher
Sartain
Samuel Walder
Comparing the Effectiveness of Natural and Chemical LaboratoryWaste
Water Treatment Methods: An International Collaborative Effort
9:10 Acad. Pit
A-138
K02 Ty Bottorff
Kenzo Esquivel
Olivia Legan
The Plausibility of Creating Green Energy Farms From Blemished Crops 11:15 D-110
K03 Christina Cheng
Harsha
Jujjavarapu
Energy Efficiency of Hand Dryers Compared to Paper Towels and Their
Effect on Energy Consumption on the IMSA Campus
1:20 D-110
K04 Grace DiCecco The Optimization of Cellulosic Ethanol Production from Corn Stover, Mixed
Prairie Plants, and Switchgrass
9:10 B-110
K05 Logan Dodd
Bryan Hoffman
The Potential of Vertical Farming 10:00 D-107
K06 Christian
Fitzsimmons
Indices of Sustainability 11:15 A-149
K07 Clare Leahy
Elaina Zintl
Acceleration and Expansion of Diversity in the Illinois Mathematics and
Science Academy Prairie
12:55 Lect. Hall
B-206
K08 Ashwin Mitra The Efficiency of Green Roofs as a Method of Insulation for Urbanized
Buildings
1:45 D-110
K09 Hyun Bin Park Determining Toxicity of Sediment in the North Shore Channel 1:45 A-135
16
Fine Arts Title Start
Time
Room
L01 Carol Gu Understanding Music Structure and Form with the Intent of Composing
Music
2:10 D-110
L02 Henry Ward Original Analysis of Webern's Variations for Piano, Op. 27 9:10 A-113
History Title Start
Time
Room
M01 Luis Gomez French Colonial North America 2:10 D-107
M02 Connor Kasch The Effect of the Arab Spring on Egypt's Government, Diplomatic Relations,
and its Economy
1:45 A-115
M03 Mia Leckie
Agnel Philip
The Rise and Fall of Great Powers 1:45 D-107
M04 Caitlin Walczyk Post World War II German Identity, From Pride to Problem 9:10 D-110
Law Title Start
Time
Room
N01 Jennifer Bailey
Katia Colin
An Analysis of the Death Penalty Worldwide 9:35 Lect. Hall
B-206
N02 Mindy Jian
Heidi Warning
Criminal Minds?: A Psychological and Legal Analysis of the Insanity
Plea's Credibility
8:45 A-155
Mathematics Title Start
Time
Room
O01 Austin Gonzalez
Erik Luo
Educating the World with Game Theory 10:00 A-135
O02 David Wang 2- ε Devils Trap an Angel of Power 2 12:55 A-133
Medicine Title Start
Time
Room
P01 Courtney
Amegashie
Effect of Chemically-Induced Hypoxia on the Metastasis of High Nitric
Oxide Adapted and Parent Cancer Cell Microenvironments
9:35 A-117
P02 Courtney
Amegashie
The Effect of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Chemotaxis on the Metastasis of
Cancer Cell Microenvironments
10:00 A-117
P03 Wendy
Bindeman
The Effect of Ccl22 on Regulatory T Cells and Skin Depigmentation in Mice 10:00 A-115
P04 Seth Butcher Qualitative Assessment of Modern Dental Products 2:10 A-151
P05 Alice Chang
Jiachen Wang
An Assessment of the Benefits of a Spinal Surgery Simulator on the Learning
and Growth of Neurosurgical Residents
1:20 A-147
P06 Ajay Chatrath Reducing Radiation from Diagnosing Patients with Suspected Ischemic
Stroke
10:25 D-103
P07 Kevin Chong
Jackson
Michuda
Associations Between HIV Susceptibility and Mutations in the Vif-
Associated APOBEC3G Proteasomal Complex
1:20 A-115
P08 Breanna
Dachsteiner
A Literature-Based Study on Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis 9:10 D-103
P09 Sonya Dave Investigating Beta-Catenin and Calretinin as Possible Markers for Recurrence
or Transformation of Glioneuronal Tumors in Pediatric Patients
12:30 A-147
P10 Annie Guo Institutional Review Board Unanticipated Problems Involving Risks to
Subjects or Others Reports Lack Sufficient Information to Determine
Causality
2:10 B-108
17
Medicine Title Start
Time
Room
P11 Rachel Hermes Comparison in the Need for Resuscitation in Spontaneous Vaginal Births
Versus Cesarean Sections
9:10 A-151
P12 Rae Hohle
Aditi Warhekar
Exploring the Relationship Between Metabolic Acid-Base Status and the
Number of Apnea, Bradycardia, and Desaturation Alarms in Infants 27-32
Weeks Gestation in the First Two Weeks of Life
1:45 A-133
P13 Eun Ji Jeong The Stimulatory Effect of Atractylodiol on the Spontaneous Contractility of
Rat Distal Colon
8:45 A-151
P14 Vignessh Kumar Defining the Sleep and Cardio-Metabolic Phenotypes of Individuals with
Age-Related Insomnia
2:10 D-103
P15 Shelly Li Thymoquinone Inhibits Cigarette Smoke Extract-Induced Invasiveness of
Cultured Cervical Cancer Cells
8:45 A-117
P16 Xiaoyu Li Effect of Laser Photocoagulation Therapy on the General Morphology of
Mouse Retina
1:45 A-113
P17 Daniel
Matthews
Douglas Zhu
Characterizing Recent Patent Activity Related to Diagnostic Genetic Testing 10:50 A-155
P18 Tahir Mohideen Controlling the Release and Targeting Kinetics to Cancer Cells of a Folic
Acid-Targeted Delivery System
10:00 A-133
P19 Viveka Patel Priming of Alveolar Macrophages by Lipopolysaccharides Augments
Inflammatory Response When Stimulated by Anthrax Lethal Toxin
12:30 B-108
P20 Saieesh Rao Tumor-Associated Mastocytosis in Human Ulcerative Colitis Leading to
Colon Cancer
12:55 A-121
P21 Brooke Ray Comparing Invasive and Non-Invasive Blood Pressure Recordings in
Premature Patients Less than Thirty Seven Weeks Gestational Age with
Diagnosis of Patent Ductus Arteriosus
1:20 A-121
P22 Mahendra
Reddy
Role of Foxc1 and Foxc2 in Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells to
Vascular Endothelial Cells.
1:45 B-133
P23 Ross Skelly Characterization of Liver-Detargeted Oncolytic Adenoviruses 9:10 B-108
P24 Nicholas
Srivastava
The Effect of Cardiac Reoperation on Ventricular Function 1:20 A-131
P25 Adekore Taiwo HIV: The Trojan Horse 10:25 Lect. Hall
B-206
P26 Rohan Verma Modulation of Stem Cell Marker (DCAMKL1) Expression During Colon
Cancer Chemoprevention
2:10 A-131
P27 Rheanna
Vimawala
More Factors Influencing Successful Weaning From Caffeine and Outcomes
of Infants Who Failed Weaning From Caffeine
2:10 A-133
P28 Yifu Zhang Effects of Fatty Acids on Pancreatic Cancer Cells 8:45 A-119
Neurobiology Title Start
Time
Room
Q01 Megan Bacani
Dhruv Patel
Measuring Cerebrovascular Reactivity in Patients With and Without Brain
Disorders
10:25 A-119
Q02 Ashley Chong Correlation of Hippocampal Asymmetric Index and Nonverbal Memory
Performance for Primary Progressive Aphasia Patients
9:10 Lect. Hall
B-206
Q03 Zi-Ning Choo
Ted Li
Laboratory Techniques for Studying Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 10:00 Acad. Pit
A-138
Q04 Zi-Ning Choo
Ted Li
Areen Pitaktong
Aberrant Alternative Splicing in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 10:50 Acad. Pit
A-138
Q05 Mary Do Investigation of Language Networks Using fMRI with Auditory and Visual
Stimuli
10:50 A-119
18
Neurobiology Title Start
Time
Room
Q06 Mary Do
Joan Shang
Water Diffusion as an Effective Biomarker to Evaluate Efficacy of Brain
Treatment Performance
11:15 A-119
Q07 Dominic Gentile
Previn Kumar
Using Hippocampal Structure to Differentiate Between Mild Cognitive
Impairment Types
10:00 Lect. Hall
B-206
Q08 Brinda Gupta The Effects of Methamphetamine and Dopamine Receptor Antagonists on the
Neurovasculature
9:10 B-133
Q09 Grant Herrman Moderate Ethanol Preconditioning Induction of Heat Shock Protein 70 in
Non-Primary Neuronal Cell Lines and its Correlation to Neuroprotection
11:15 B-148
Q10 Kevin Hong Vasogenic Edema as a Mechanism of Transgenic Human Antigen R-Mediated
Increase in Ischemic Lesion Size in a Mouse Stroke Model
11:15 Kids Inst.
E-115
Q11 Lakshmi s
Maura Slattery
Identifying Interesting Genes that Show Difference in Healthy and Diseased
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Transgenic Mice at Different Stages of
Disease Progression
10:25 Acad. Pit
A-138
Q12 Kathryn Kim Clustering Depressive Symptoms in Aging: Group Differences and White
Matter Correlates
12:55 D-110
Q13 Sooyeon Kim
Sidra Salman
Mouse Model for the Study of Axonal Degeneration in Huntington's Disease 9:35 A-155
Q14 Rahul
Maheshwari
Sarah Martin
IL-10 Expression Surrounding Neuromuscular Junctions in the mSOD1
Mouse Model of ALS
1:45 Lect. Hall
B-206
Q15 Rahul
Maheshwari
Sarah Martin
Tumor Necrosis Factor α Expression Surrounding Neuromuscular Junctions
in the mSOD1 Mouse Model of ALS
2:10 Lect. Hall
B-206
Q16 Bindi Patel Acute Seizure-Induced Microglia Activation in the Hippocampus of Postnatal
Day 14 Mice
10:50 A-151
Q17 Shivani Patel Immunohistochemical Localization of Hyperpolarization-Activated and
Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Nonselective Cation Channels (HCN1-4) in the
Mouse Brain
9:10 A-147
Q18 Tonu Pius Measuring Hemodynamic Response Function in Patients and Healthy
Controls
10:00 A-119
Q19 Abhinav Reddy Characterization of Neuronal Human Antigen-R Protein Expression 12:30 Kids Inst.
E-115
Q20 Carrie Sha Comparing Mathematical and Verbal Semantic Memory in Epileptic Patients
Through Invasive Neurophysiologic Brain Mapping
9:35 A-133
Q21 Kalyani
Sonarikar
The Development of Arithmetic Skills in an Epileptic Patient 8:45 A-135
Q22 Shruthi
Subramanian
Modulation of Calcium Homeostasis on Amyloid-Beta Derived Diffusible
Ligand-Treated Astrocytes
12:30 A-151
Q23 Amanda Sul
Connie Wang
Using a Drosophila Melanogaster Model to Study ALS 12:30 Lect. Hall
B-206
Q24 Rebecca Wu Effects of Misregulation of GABRB3 Gene Expression in Relationship to
Autism Related Behavior
10:50 A-149
Q25 Vivian Zhang The Role of Protein X in Eliminating SOD1 in Fibroblasts Derived from
SOD1-G93A Transgenic Mice
1:20 Acad. Pit
A-138
19
Physics Title Start
Time
Room
R01 Vidya Anjur Photomultiplier Tube Calibration for the Use of Solid Xenon as a Particle
Detector
12:55 A-113
R02 Wesley Beck Determination of the Future of Neutrino Mass Hierarchy Experiments 9:35 A-149
R03 Emily Camras Minimizing Electrical Noise in the MicroBooNE Liquid Argon Time
Projection Chamber and Developing an Algorithm for Event Classification
2:10 A-113
R04 Kathleen
Chinetti
Searching for Dark Matter Using Charge Coupled Devices 2:10 A-155
R05 Jasmine Davila
Quinn
Gingerevans
The Future Now: Using Developing Rocket Technologies to Create the
Ultimate Thrill Ride
1:20 D-107
R06 Arjun Garg Testing Correlations Between Nuclear Decay Rates and Earth-Sun Distance 12:55 A-155
R07 Ethan Gordon Searching for the Standard Model Higgs Boson in the WH→WWW→lvjjjj
Channel
10:25 A-131
R08 Jimmy Huang Computer Simulation of Quenching in the High Field Superconducting
Accelerator Magnet Made with Nb3Sn Cable
11:15 A-131
R09 Aadam Ibrahim Fourier Transform Infrared Imaging in Determining the Effectiveness of
Trehalose as a Protectant
2:10 A-135
R10 Aadam Ibrahim Recycling Carbon Dioxide: Following Algae Response to High Concentration
Carbon Dioxide Environments
1:20 D-103
R11 Emil
Khabiboulline
Optimization of Focusing Lenses through Computational Modeling and
Analysis of Related Quench Protection Issues
8:45 A-133
R12 Akram Khaja Studying Silicon Annealing Effects on the Collider Detector at Fermilab 9:10 A-121
R13 Jingfei Li Screening For Contamination From Alpha Particle Decay In Materials for the
Cryogenic Dark Matter Search
10:25 B-110
R14 Emily Lindgren Deflection Studies on the g-2 Vacuum Test Chamber Before and After
Adding New Grooves
8:45 A-131
R15 Joshua Love Developing a Neutrino Interaction Identification Algorithm 10:25 B-108
R16 Peter Lu A Laboratory Model of Two-Dimensional Granular Collisions 10:50 A-135
R17 Kirti Munjeti Exploring Alternate Explanations for Dark Matter's Claims: Long Term
Activation of Radiated Sodium Iodide Crystal
2:10 A-119
R18 Laura
Napierkowski
R&D for the Tracking Detector for Fermilab's Muon g-2 Experiment 9:10 A-131
R19 Deokgeun Park Analysis of the Globular Cluster NGC1851 Using the Dark Energy Survey
Filter Set
10:50 A-117
R20 Savanna Rutas Measurement of Galaxy Masses via Galaxy-Galaxy Lensing in the Sloan
Digital Sky Survey Data
9:35 A-113
Psychology Title Start
Time
Room
S01 Wei-en Chu
Cherish Kim
Alexandra
Maffei
IMSA Students' Attitudes Towards Interracial Relationships 8:45 Kids Inst.
E-115
S02 Victoria
Etherton
Effects of Personality, Gender, and Age on Spatial Relations Ability 1:20 Lect. Hall
B-206
S03 Mallory Giger The Effects of Previous Drug Experience on Responses to 3,4-
methylenedioxymethamphetamine
10:00 A-151
S04 Riley Helm Determination of Factors that Affect the Success of Rumors 9:10 D-107
S05 Corey Hornbeck Perceptual Learning in Synthetic Speech with Interference 2:10 A-115
20
Psychology Title Start
Time
Room
S06 Taylor Imburgia Examining the Levels of Overexcitabilities of IMSA Sophomores 1:45 Kids Inst.
E-115
S07 Eva Meyer How Self Perception Differs From Observer Perception in Classmates 10:50 Lect. Hall
B-206
S08 Jennifer Ren Culture and Color: Evidence for Cultural Diversity in Color Perception 11:15 Lect. Hall
B-206
S09 Natalie Runkle The Relationship of Daily Activities to the States of Mind and Academic
Performances of Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy Students
Enrolled in Physiology and Disease or Biophysics Courses
8:45 D-103
S10 Sydney
Tomasko
The Influence of Anticipated Gender-Specific Roles on the Career Aspirations
of Female IMSA Students
9:10 Kids Inst.
E-115
S11 Jessica
Ventenilla
Ways of Discussing Mother Nature: Differences in Sharing Learned
Information About the Menstrual Cycle Among Adolescent Girls in
Residential Versus Commuter Schools
10:25 Kids Inst.
E-115
S12 Kevin Zhang The Effect of Homelessness on Executive Functions in Homeless Youth 2:10 A-149
Social Science Title Start
Time
Room
T01 Michael Atten Culture Shocked: A Study of How Differences in Cultural Values Impact
International Collaboration
9:35 Acad. Pit
A-138
T02 Sophia
Baramidze
An Examination of the Polish American Experience 1:20 A-149
T03 Sharadyn Ciota The State of Somalia: The United Nations in Practice and in Theory Since the
Decolonization Era
1:20 A-133
T04 Richard Fafara
Alexander
Stratton
An International Energy Assessment: The Benefits and Pitfalls of Nuclear
Power in the Modern Age
12:55 A-115
T05 Inga Gurevich
Alexandra
Roman
Eurovision, the Ultimate European Song Contest: Talent or Politics? 10:25 D-110
T06 Gina Jung
Madison
Schroeder
Beauty Advertisement and its Effects on the Body Image of Female IMSA
Students
10:00 Kids Inst.
E-115
T07 Itzel Lopez
Uriel Ramirez
The Significance of the Latino Vote in the Presidential Election of 2012 12:
55
A-119
T08 John McGuire IMSA's Understanding of the Abortion Issue 10:50 Kids Inst.
E-115
T09 Perry Nelson The Representation of Female and Male Cross-Dressing in Popular Culture 9:10 A-149
T10 Maura Slattery
Hannah
Swerbenski
The Veteran Struggle: Returning to Civilian Life 9:35 A-147
T11 Ian Wilkinson Invisible Wounds: The Implications of Closed Head Injury Caused by High
Explosives
10:50 A-147
T12 Stanley Yuan Education Systems in China and Their Effect on Leadership Development 10:50 A-115
Space Science Title Start
Time
Room
U01 Jose Hernandez Connection Between Pressure and Molecular Hydrogen in Galaxies 2:10 B-133
Poster Map
Cafeteria
A01 B02 B08 C04 C10 C16
A02 B03 B09 C05 C11 C17
A03 B04 B10 C06 C12 C18
A04 B05 C01 C07 C13 C19
A05 B06 C02 C08 C14 C20
B01 B07 C03 C09 C15 C21
C22 C23 C24 C25 C26 C27 C28 C29 C30 C31 C32 C33 C34 C35
C36 C37 C38 C39 C40 C41 C42 C43 C44 C45 C46 D01 E01 E02
E03 E04 E05 E06 E07 E08 E09 E10 F01 F02 F03 F04 F05 F06 G01 G02 G03 G04
G05 H01 H02 H03 H04 I01 I02 I03 I04 I05 I06 I07 I08 I09 I10 I11 I12 I13
K03 K04 K05 K06 K07 K08 K09 L01 L02 M01 M02 M03 M04 N01 N02 O01
Old Cafeteria/Commons
I14
J01
K01
K02
O02 P01
P02
Diagram Not to Scale P03
* Biochemistry: A01-A05 * Economics: G01-G05 * History: M01-M04
* Bioengineering: B01-B10 * Education: H01-H04 * Law: N01-N02
* Biology: C01-C46 * Engineering: I01-I14 * Mathematics: O01-O02
* Business: D01 * English: J01 * Medicine: P01-P03
* Chemistry: E01-E10 * Environmental Science: K01-K09 continued
* Computer Science: F01-F06 * Fine Arts: L01-L02
Old Cafeteria/Commons
Diagram not to Scale
* Medicine continued: P04-P28
* Neurobiology: Q01
continued
Poster Map
C135
C133
C142
C145 Stairs
A102
Horwitz
Conference
Room
C132
Offices
C143
C144
Research Conference Room
S01 S02
A R20
R19
Q02 Q03 Q04 Q05 Q06 Q07 Q08 Q09 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 Q19
Q20 Q21 Q22 Q23 Q24 Q25 R01 R02 R03 R04 R05 R06 R07 R08 R09 R10 R11 R12
Hall between Administrative Offices and Student Life R18
C122A
C121A Offices
C125
C126
C127
R17 A108
R13 R14 R15 R16
CAC Office A107
D
Diagram not to Scale
* Neurobiology continued: Q02-Q25
* Physics: R01-R20
* Psychology: S01-S02 …continued
Poster Map
Math Study Area
A15
1
C166
A145
Copy Room
A147
Classrooms A149
Math Study Area
T08 T02 S08
U01 T07 T01 S07
A148
Classrooms A150 T12 T06 S12 S06
T11 T05 S11 S05
Mail
Room
T10 T04 S10 S04 A137B
T09 T03 S09 S03
A138 A137
A144 A144B
Conference
A143
Classrooms A141
Mail
Room
Leon Ledeman
Office
Academic Pit
A138 Mail
Room
Stairs to the
President’s Office
C141
Offices
C144
STAIRS
A102
Horwitz Conference Room
A140 A150A G E C
A103 A105 F D B
Diagram not to Scale
* Psychology continued: S03-S12
* Social Science: T01-T12
* Space Science: U01
25
Time and Room Schedule for Presentations
08:45 - 09:00
Room Poster
ID
A-115 C08 CDDO Inhibits TGF-Beta-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in A549 Lung
Epithelial Cells via the PI3K/AKT Pathway
Sruthi Doniparthi, John Varga, Jun Wei
A-117 P15 Thymoquinone Inhibits Cigarette Smoke Extract-Induced Invasiveness of Cultured
Cervical Cancer Cells
Shelly Li, Kenneth Alexander
A-119 P28 Effects of Fatty Acids on Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Yifu Zhang, Paul Grippo
A-121 B03 Role of the Prefrontal Cortex in Trace Eye-Blink Conditioning
Akram Khaja, Craig Weiss
A-131 R14 Deflection Studies on the g-2 Vacuum Test Chamber Before and After Adding New
Grooves
Emily Lindgren, Brendan Casey, Mandy Rominsky
A-133 R11 Optimization of Focusing Lenses through Computational Modeling and Analysis of
Related Quench Protection Issues
Emil Khabiboulline, Michael Tartaglia, Iouri Terechkine
A-135 Q21 The Development of Arithmetic Skills in an Epileptic Patient
Kalyani Sonarikar, Vernon Leo Towle
A-147 C27 Heat Shock Protein 70 Regulates Interleukin 10 Producing Regulatory T Cells
Anuj Marathe, Eugene Chang, Yunwei Wang
A-149 C34 The Role of Protein Vpx in HIV Inhibitor SAMHD1 Degradation
Sarah Salameh, Urmi Sheth, Thomas Hope
A-151 P13 The Stimulatory Effect of Atractylodiol on the Spontaneous Contractility of Rat Distal
Colon
Eun Ji Jeong, KyuYong Jung
A-155 N02 Criminal Minds?: A Psychological and Legal Analysis of the Insanity Plea's Credibility
Mindy Jian, Heidi Warning, Colin Miller
Acad.
Pit
A-138
H04 Improving American Mathematics and Science Education for Global Success Using the
Programme for International Student Assessment Results, Surveys, and Interviews
Lucija Filipac, Sonam Vyas, Glenn "Max" McGee
B-110 C25 Characterizing the Ideal Antibody Isotype Distribution Against Influenza
Christine Liu, Patrick Wilson
B-133 C01 Analysis of Colorectal Cancer Risk Factors in E-Cadherin in Diverse Patient
Populations
Soham Ali, Nathan Ellis, Archana Krish
B-148 I02 Development of a Field Programmable Gate Array Block for Real Time Pulse Analysis
with Applications in High Energy Physics
Paul Bogdan, Mircea Bogdan, Henry Frisch
D-103 S09 The Relationship of Daily Activities to the States of Mind and Academic Performances
of Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy Students Enrolled in Physiology and
Disease or Biophysics Courses
Natalie Runkle, Christopher Kolar, Deborah McGrath
D-107 E07 Search for an Anti-Bird Flu Agent From Southeastern Asian Plants
Jingfei Li, Hongjie Zhang
26
08:45 - 09:00 (continued)
D-110 C24 An Examination of Nutritional Stress in a Nineteenth Century Skeletal Population
From Peoria, Illinois
Sarah Lisk, Anne Grauer
Kids
Inst.
E-115
S01 IMSA Students' Attitudes Towards Interracial Relationships
Wei-en Chu, Cherish Kim, Alexandra Maffei, David Evenson
Lect.
Hall B-206
D01 A Nonlinear Portfolio Building Model in Futures Trading Strategy
Evan Yin, Doug Adams
09:10 - 09:25
Room Poster
ID
A-113 L02 Original Analysis of Webern's Variations for Piano, Op. 27
Henry Ward, Michael Keyton, Mario Pelusi
A-115 C07 Dimethylfumurate Inhibits Tumor Growth Factor-Beta-Induced Myofibroblast
Differentiation in Dermal Fibroblasts via the Nrf2 Pathway
Sruthi Doniparthi, John Varga, Jun Wei
A-119 I12 Changing Cell Fate: A New Method to Treat Colon Cancer Without the Side Effects of
Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy
Hyun Jin Song, Jennifer Zhang, Vitali Metlushko
A-121 R12 Studying Silicon Annealing Effects on the Collider Detector at Fermilab
Akram Khaja, Kyle Knoepfel
A-131 R18 R&D for the Tracking Detector for Fermilab's Muon g-2 Experiment
Laura Napierkowski, Brendan Casey, Mandy Rominsky
A-133 B05 Micelle Formulations of Dendron-Based Block Copolymers with Various Surface
Groups
John Lee, Seungpyo Hong
A-147 Q17 Immunohistochemical Localization of Hyperpolarization-Activated and Cyclic
Nucleotide-Gated Nonselective Cation Channels (HCN1-4) in the Mouse Brain
Shivani Patel, Dane Chetkovich
A-149 T09 The Representation of Female and Male Cross-Dressing in Popular Culture
Perry Nelson, Daniel Gleason
A-151 P11 Comparison in the Need for Resuscitation in Spontaneous Vaginal Births Versus
Cesarean Sections
Rachel Hermes, Richard Kampanatkosol, Jonathan Muraskas
A-155 H03 Preparedness of Ninth and Tenth Grade Mathematics Teachers for Implementing
Common Core State Standards
Margaret Daly, Sandy Perez, Tracy Miller
B-133 Q08 The Effects of Methamphetamine and Dopamine Receptor Antagonists on the
Neurovasculature
Brinda Gupta, Paul Carvey, Bill Hendey
Acad.
Pit
A-138
K01 Comparing the Effectiveness of Natural and Chemical Laboratory Waste Water
Treatment Methods: An International Collaborative Effort
Mitchell Bieniek, Christopher Sartain, Samuel Walder, Glenn "Max" McGee, Aracelys Rios
B-108 P23 Characterization of Liver-Detargeted Oncolytic Adenoviruses
Ross Skelly, Prem Seth
B-110 K04 The Optimization of Cellulosic Ethanol Production from Corn Stover, Mixed Prairie
Plants, and Switchgrass
Grace DiCecco, Margaret Workman
27
09:10 - 09:25 (continued)
D-103 P08 A Literature-Based Study on Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Breanna Dachsteiner, Sowmya Anjur
D-107 S04 Determination of Factors that Affect the Success of Rumors
Riley Helm, Sarah O'Leary-Driscoll
D-110 M04 Post World War II German Identity, From Pride to Problem
Caitlin Walczyk, Christian Nokkentved
Kids
Inst.
E-115
S10 The Influence of Anticipated Gender-Specific Roles on the Career Aspirations of
Female IMSA Students
Sydney Tomasko, David Evenson
Lect.
Hall
B-206
Q02 Correlation of Hippocampal Asymmetric Index and Nonverbal Memory Performance
for Primary Progressive Aphasia Patients
Ashley Chong, Emily Rogalski, Lei Wang
09:35 - 09:50
Room Poster
ID
A-113 R20 Measurement of Galaxy Masses via Galaxy-Galaxy Lensing in the Sloan Digital Sky
Survey Data
Savanna Rutas, Huan Lin, Marcelle Soares-Santos
A-115 C09 The Effect of Poly I:C on Transforming Growth Factor-β-Induced Fibrotic Responses
Nicholas Fung, Feng Fang, John Varga
A-117 P01 Effect of Chemically-Induced Hypoxia on the Metastasis of High Nitric Oxide Adapted
and Parent Cancer Cell Microenvironments
Courtney Amegashie, Kim Elseth, James Radosevich, Benjamin Vesper
A-121 I09 Properties of the Heusler Alloy Ni2GaZr
Zoe Phillips, Philip Nash
A-131 B08 Effect of Cleaning Methods on Hydrophilicity of Different Thicknesses of TiO2 Layers
Nathan Suek, Christos Takoudis
A-133 Q20 Comparing Mathematical and Verbal Semantic Memory in Epileptic Patients Through
Invasive Neurophysiologic Brain Mapping
Carrie Sha, Vernon Leo Towle
A-135 F04 Autonomous Flight of an Android Piloted Plane
Jason Lin, Namrata Pandya
A-147 T10 The Veteran Struggle: Returning to Civilian Life
Maura Slattery, Hannah Swerbenski, James Victory
A-149 R02 Determination of the Future of Neutrino Mass Hierarchy Experiments
Wesley Beck, Maury Goodman
A-151 C10 Functional Central Polypurine Tract Provides Downstream Protection of HIV-1
Genome from Editing by APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F
Beatrice Go, Eun-Young Kim
A-155 Q13 Mouse Model for the Study of Axonal Degeneration in Huntington's Disease
Sooyeon Kim, Sidra Salman, Rodolfo Gatto, Gerardo Morfini
Acad.
Pit
A-138
T01 Culture Shocked: A Study of How Differences in Cultural Values Impact International
Collaboration
Michael Atten, Glenn "Max" McGee
B-108 C11 HOXA10 Regulates Transcription of Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 in Myeloid Cells
Ashima Gupta, Elizabeth Eklund, Chirag Shah
28
09:35 - 09:50 (continued)
B-110 A04 Comparative Analysis of Protein Cargo Selection During Intracellular Trafficking
Under Normal and Heat Stressed Conditions
Madhav Mohandas, Sue Fox, Richard Morimoto, Anan Yu
B-133 C28 The Role of RBP2 in MCF-7 Cancer Cell Drug Resistance
Aalap Mehta, Elizaveta Benevolenskaya
D-103 F03 Modeling the Motions of High Altitude Balloons
Joshua Fornek, Mark Subbarao
D-107 A05 Effects of Modifications to Hsp27 on Viability of Smooth Muscle Cells Under Oxidative
Stress
Kyle Mou, Jody Martin, Margaret McShane
D-110 G04 The Great Recession: A Clarification
Irene Jiang, Lee Eysturlid
Kids
Inst.
E-115
H02 The Self-Perceptions of Academic Achievement Amongst Racially Diverse Gifted
Students
Morgan Ashley Craft, Ashley Washington, Adrienne Coleman
Lect.
Hall
B-206
N01 An Analysis of the Death Penalty Worldwide
Jennifer Bailey, Katia Colin, Sandra Babcock, Delphine Lourtau
B-148 C36 The Selection of Resistance in E. coli
Steven Suh, Donald Dosch
10:00 - 10:15
Room Poster
ID
A-113 B02 Design and Characterization of Three Dimensional Bioplotted Natural Biopolymer
Constructs for Tissue Engineering Applications
Nilesh Kavthekar, Karen Chien, Ramille Shah
A-115 P03 The Effect of Ccl22 on Regulatory T Cells and Skin Depigmentation in Mice
Wendy Bindeman, Jonathan Eby, Hee-Kap Kang, Caroline Le Poole
A-117 P02 The Effect of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Chemotaxis on the Metastasis of Cancer
Cell Microenvironments
Courtney Amegashie, Kim Elseth, James Radosevich, Benjamin Vesper
A-119 Q18 Measuring Hemodynamic Response Function in Patients and Healthy Controls
Tonu Pius, Jennie Chen, Todd Parrish, Xue Wang
A-121 I03 The Physical, Structural, and Chemical Properties of Ni2ZrIn
Gary Chen, Philip Nash
A-133 P18 Controlling the Release and Targeting Kinetics to Cancer Cells of a Folic Acid-
Targeted Delivery System
Tahir Mohideen, Seungpyo Hong, Suhair Sunoqrot
A-135 O01 Educating the World with Game Theory
Austin Gonzalez, Erik Luo, Namrata Pandya
A-147 H01 A Case Study Comparing Parent Involvement Indicators and Factors Between Two
Elementary Schools of Different Socioeconomic Levels.
Karina Banda, Joscelyn Garcia, Mariela Rodriguez, Jose Palos, Aracelys Rios
A-149 C41 Population Structure of Avian Chewing Lice Brueelia laticeps on Two Toucan Genera
Andigena and Aulacorhynchus
Malia Wenny, Shannon Hackett, Heather Skeen, Jason Weckstein
29
10:00 - 10:15 (continued)
A-151 S03 The Effects of Previous Drug Experience on Responses to 3,4-
methylenedioxymethamphetamine
Mallory Giger, Harriet de Wit, Matt Kirkpatrick
Acad.
Pit
A-138
Q03 Laboratory Techniques for Studying Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Zi-Ning Choo, Ted Li, Pembe Hande Ozdinler
B-108 G01 Analysis of Market-Based Water Conservation Methods in the United States
Yusuf Aktan, Sabina Shaikh
B-110 C39 Modulation of the Akt/Protein Kinase B Pathway in Human Neutrophils Through the
Inhibition of Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog and PH Domain Leucine-Rich Repeat
Protein Phosphatase
Lee Tang, Xiangdong Zhu
B-133 C29 Transcriptional Regulation by Retinoblastoma Binding Protein 2
Aalap Mehta, Elizaveta Benevolenskaya
B-148 C17 Efficiency of Magnetic Bead and Gel Insert Preparation in Vector Cloning
Tejas Joshi, David Boone
D-107 K05 The Potential of Vertical Farming
Logan Dodd, Bryan Hoffman, Sarah O'Leary-Driscoll
Kids
Inst
E-115
T06 Beauty Advertisement and its Effects on the Body Image of Female IMSA Students
Gina Jung, Madison Schroeder, Amanda Gray, Lauren Lutz
Lect.
Hall
B-206
Q07 Using Hippocampal Structure to Differentiate Between Mild Cognitive Impairment
Types
Dominic Gentile, Previn Kumar, Kate Alpert, Adam Christensen, Lei Wang
10:25 - 10:40
Room Poster
ID
A-113 F01 Extracting Key Words from News Articles to Find Appropriate Sites
Brian Chien, Larry Birnbaum, Patrick McNally, Shawn O'Banion
A-115 C26 The Effects of HSP70 antibodies in an Anti-Tumor Response
Sirisha Manam, Caroline Le Poole, Jeffrey Mosenson
A-117 C14 Biological Properties of Cancer Cells Through Soft Agar Cloning
Jennifer Huang, Melissa Kim, Kim Elseth, James Radosevich, Benjamin Vesper
A-119 Q01 Measuring Cerebrovascular Reactivity in Patients With and Without Brain Disorders
Megan Bacani, Dhruv Patel, Jennie Chen, Todd Parrish, Xue Wang
A-121 B04 Using the Laser Diode to Determine the Stapedius Reflex
Krishna Kudaravalli, Ajay Pius, Claus-Peter Richter
A-131 R07 Searching for the Standard Model Higgs Boson in the WH→WWW→lvjjjj Channel
Ethan Gordon, Michael Cooke, Ryuji Yamada
A-135 G03 Combating Corruption and Spreading Financial Services via Technology in Himalayan
Economies
Saarthak Gupta, Eric Smith
A-147 C42 Phase Behavior in Cell-Free Membrane Vesicles
Andrew Wentzel, Adam Hammond
A-149 C20 The Effects of Cholesterol Level Manipulations in Model Lipid Bilayers
Hannah Koo, Adam Hammond
30
10:25 - 10:40 (continued)
A-155 E01 Characterization of Electron Beam-Induced Deposited Nanoparticles in Liquid
Medium
Brian Chen, Ralu Divan, Leonidas Ocola
Acad.
Pit
A-138
Q11 Identifying Interesting Genes that Show Differences in Healthy and Diseased
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Transgenic Mice at Different Stages of Disease
Progression
Lakshmi Katta, Maura Slattery, Pembe Hande Ozdinler
B-108 R15 Developing a Neutrino Interaction Identification Algorithm
Joshua Love, Shulamit Moed Sher
B-110 R13 Screening For Contamination From Alpha Particle Decay In Materials for the
Cryogenic Dark Matter Search
Jingfei Li, Lauren Hsu
B-148 C04 Bacterial Species Identification Using Polymerase Chain Reaction
Francis Cocjin, Egle Malinauskaite, Donald Dosch
D-103 P06 Reducing Radiation from Diagnosing Patients with Suspected Ischemic Stroke
Ajay Chatrath, Arun Jagannathan
D-107 C18 Loss of miR-145 in Colon Cancer Upregulates Direct Target ADAM17
Kaylee Karumanchi, Bruce Bissonnette, Reba Mustafi
D-110 T05 Eurovision, the Ultimate European Song Contest: Talent or Politics?
Inga Gurevich, Alexandra Roman, Lee Eysturlid, Christian Nokkentved
Kids
Inst.
E-115
S11 Ways of Discussing Mother Nature: Differences in Sharing Learned Information
About the Menstrual Cycle Among Adolescent Girls in Residential Versus Commuter
Schools
Jessica Ventenilla, Sowmya Anjur, David Evenson, Christopher Kolar
Lect.
Hall
B-206
P25 HIV: The Trojan Horse
Adekore Taiwo, Minh Dinh
10:50 - 11:05
Room Poster
ID
A-113 C37 Increased Heterogeneity of Calcium Cycling in Ventricular Myocytes from Failing
Hearts
Shannon Tai, Andrew Wasserstrom
A-115 T12 Education Systems in China and Their Effect on Leadership Development
Stanley Yuan, Robert Kiely
A-117 R19 Analysis of the Globular Cluster NGC1851 Using the Dark Energy Survey Filter Set
Deokgeun Park, Tom Diehl, Douglas Tucker
A-119 Q05 Investigation of Language Networks Using fMRI with Auditory and Visual Stimuli
Mary Do, Todd Parrish, Xue Wang
A-131 C15 The Effect of the Modified Base m6A on the Splicing of a Pre-mRNA Transcript
Jimmy Huang, Joseph Piccirilli
A-133 A02 Gold Ion-Protein Interaction by Mass Spectrometry
Jenny Lee, Shalini Gupta, Bao-Shiang Lee
A-135 R16 A Laboratory Model of Two-Dimensional Granular Collisions
Peter Lu, Justin Burton, Sidney Nagel
A-147 T11 Invisible Wounds: The Implications of Closed Head Injury Caused by High Explosives
Ian Wilkinson, James Victory
31
10:50 - 11:05 (continued)
A-149 Q24 Effects of Misregulation of GABRB3 Gene Expression in Relationship to Autism
Related Behavior
Rebecca Wu, Williams Dietz, Laura Herzing
A-151 Q16 Acute Seizure-Induced Microglia Activation in the Hippocampus of Postnatal Day 14
Mice
Bindi Patel, Patrick Fox, Sookyong Koh, Lauren Mlsna
A-155 P17 Characterizing Recent Patent Activity Related to Diagnostic Genetic Testing
Daniel Matthews, Douglas Zhu, Brandon Pierce
Acad.
Pit
A-138
Q04 Aberrant Alternative Splicing in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Zi-Ning Choo, Ted Li, Areen Pitaktong, Pembe Hande Ozdinler
B-108 C44 Comparison of the Sutural Morphologies of the Lungfish Taxa Neoceratodus and its
Close Relatives
Karthik Yarlagadda, Justin Lemberg, Neil Shubin
B-133 B07 Microbial Dynamics in Methane Oxidation for Biochar-Amended Landfill Covers
Nishith Reddy, Jean Bogner
B-148 C19 The Effects of Iodine on the Ghost Shrimp Palaemonetes kadiakensis
Jiwon Kim, Vicki Burgholzer
D-103 E10 Crystallization of Electronic and Magnetic Molecule-Based Materials
Yuanhao Wang, John Schlueter
D-110 C30 Frequency of Periosteal Reactions in a Nineteenth Century Skeletal Population From
Peoria, Illinois
Vamsikrishna Naidu, Anne Grauer
Kids
Inst.
E-115
T08 IMSA's Understanding of the Abortion Issue
John McGuire, David Evenson
Lect.
Hall
B-206
S07 How Self Perception Differs From Observer Perception in Classmates
Eva Meyer, Joan Chiao, Mark Schurgin
11:15 - 11:30
Room Poster
ID
A-113 C43 Triggered Intracellular Ca2+ Release in Failing Canine Atrial Myocytes
Shannon Tai, Shohei Yamakawa, Satya Yerrabolu, Andrew Wasserstrom
A-117 I14 Characterization and Manipulation of Nanorods via an Applied Magnetic Field
Summer Wu, Vinayak Dravid, Shih-Han Lo
A-119 Q06 Water Diffusion as an Effective Biomarker to Evaluate Efficacy of Brain Treatment
Performance
Mary Do, Joan Shang, Jennie Chen, Todd Parrish, Xue Wang
A-121 B10 Frequency Detection in Deaf Cats
Nathaniel White, Brent Wu, Agnella Matic, Claus-Peter Richter
A-131 R08 Computer Simulation of Quenching in the High Field Superconducting Accelerator
Magnet Made with Nb3Sn Cable
Jimmy Huang, Ryuji Yamada
A-133 G02 Modeling and Forecasting the Price of Gold Futures: Comparing the Black-Scholes
Equation Against a Multi-Factor Linear Regression Model, Time-Series Analysis, and
More Complex Stochastic Models
Henry Deng, John Bonie, Eric Smith
32
11:15 - 11:30 (continued)
A-135 B09 Visualization of Functional Group Selection in Creating Hypothetical Metal-Organic
Frameworks
Matthew Tsao, Randall Snurr, Chris Wilmer
A-149 K06 Indices of Sustainability
Christian Fitzsimmons, Michael Horn
A-151 J01 "The One Sin the Gods Never Forgive Us is That of Being Born Women:" A Study of
Women in Popular Modern Fantasy
Brianna Collender, Karolyn Stromdahl, Adam Kotlarczyk
A-155 I10 Improving the Design of a Dual Intermeshing Rotor Helicopter
Amir Safavi, Francisco Ruiz
Acad.
Pit
A-138
C31 The Glycobiology of Prostate Cancer
Areen Pitaktong, Roger Kroes, Joseph Moskal, Mary Schmidt
B-108 I01 Methods for Reduction of Power Consumption in Display Electronics
Jorge Acosta, Ayun Brown, Lucas Sturnfield
B-133 C32 The Effect of Vector Backbones on PCR Cloning of Green Fluorescent Protein
Nishith Reddy, David Boone
B-148 Q09 Moderate Ethanol Preconditioning Induction of Heat Shock Protein 70 in Non-
Primary Neuronal Cell Lines and its Correlation to Neuroprotection
Grant Herrman, Michael Collins, Donald Dosch
D-103 I07 Designing a Water Filter for Developing Nations
Benjamin Kuo, Mark Carlson
D-107 E08 An Investigation into Solid Catalysts for Biodiesel Synthesis from Used Fryer Oil
Ashley Radee, Justin Notestein
D-110 K02 The Plausibility of Creating Green Energy Farms From Blemished Crops
Ty Bottorff, Kenzo Esquivel, Olivia Legan, Branson Lawrence
Kids
Inst.
E-115
Q10 Vasogenic Edema as a Mechanism of Transgenic Human Antigen R-Mediated Increase
in Ischemic Lesion Size in a Mouse Stroke Model
Kevin Hong, Agnieszka Ardelt, Randall Carpenter
Lect.
Hall
B-206
S08 Culture and Color: Evidence for Cultural Diversity in Color Perception
Jennifer Ren, Joan Chiao
12:30 - 12:45
Room Poster
ID
A-117 C03 Regulation and Role of Regulator of G-protein Signaling-1 in Celiac Disease
Pathogenesis
Yiyun Cao, Cezary Ciszewski, Bana Jabri
A-131 I11 A Transimpedance Amplifier Under Cryogenic Temperatures
Robert Schurz, Rene Padilla
A-147 P09 Investigating Beta-Catenin and Calretinin as Possible Markers for Recurrence or
Transformation of Glioneuronal Tumors in Pediatric Patients
Sonya Dave, Veena Rajaram
A-151 Q22 Modulation of Calcium Homeostasis on Amyloid-Beta Derived Diffusible Ligand-
Treated Astrocytes
Shruthi Subramanian, William Klein, Pascale Lacor
33
12:30 - 12:45 (continued)
B-108 P19 Priming of Alveolar Macrophages by Lipopolysaccharides Augments Inflammatory
Response When Stimulated by Anthrax Lethal Toxin
Viveka Patel, Irena Levitan, Johnson Thomas
Kids
Inst.
E-115
Q19 Characterization of Neuronal Human Antigen-R Protein Expression
Abhinav Reddy, Agnieszka Ardelt, Randall Carpenter
Lect.
Hall
B-206
Q23 Using a Drosophila Melanogaster Model to Study ALS
Amanda Sul, Connie Wang, Xiaoping Chen, Jane Wu, Mengxue Yang
12:55 - 01:10
Room Poster
ID
A-113 R01 Photomultiplier Tube Calibration for the Use of Solid Xenon as a Particle Detector
Vidya Anjur, Jonghee Yoo
A-115 T04 An International Energy Assessment: The Benefits and Pitfalls of Nuclear Power in the
Modern Age
Richard Fafara, Alexander Stratton, Robert Kiely
A-119 T07 The Significance of the Latino Vote in the Presidential Election of 2012
Itzel Lopez, Uriel Ramirez, Juan Andrade, Marcos Popovich
A-121 P20 Tumor-Associated Mastocytosis in Human Ulcerative Colitis Leading to Colon Cancer
Saieesh Rao, Mohammad Khan, Khashayarsha Khazaie
A-133 O02 2- ε Devils Trap an Angel of Power 2
David Wang, Mark Fischler
A-135 A01 The Effects of Varying Concentrations of Permanent Hair Relaxer Components on
Human Fibroblasts Cells
Osazomon Imarenezor, Anita White
A-155 R06 Testing Correlations Between Nuclear Decay Rates and Earth-Sun Distance
Arjun Garg, Vadim Rusu
B-133 C05 Hypoxia and Starvation Promote Autophagy as a Survival Mechanism
Shelby Daniel-Wayman, Laura Dada, Markus Queisser
B-148 B06 Modeling Spatial Population Dynamics of Stem Cells in Tissue Growth
Claire Liang, Youfang Cao, Qing Nie
D-103 C16 Leaf Variation in Agathis robusta as an Indicator of Forest Structure for Fossil Plants
Seneca Hutson, Amanda Magyar, Kevin Boyce
D-107 E04 An Investigation into Solid Catalysts for Biodiesel Conversion Using Fresh Soy Oil
Nishita Kumar, Justin Notestein
D-110 Q12 Clustering Depressive Symptoms in Aging: Group Differences and White Matter
Correlates
Kathryn Kim, Mailynn Grajewski, Laura Korthauer, Melissa Lamar
Kids
Inst.
E-115
I13 IMSA Students' Motivations to use Electricity Generating Bikes
Kyle Stanevich, Branson Lawrence
Lect.
Hall
B-206
K07 Acceleration and Expansion of Diversity in the Illinois Mathematics and Science
Academy Prairie
Clare Leahy, Elaina Zintl, Donald Dosch
34
1:20 - 1:35
Room Poster
ID
A-113 C35 The Role of the Receptor Nectin-1 in Viral Spread of Herpes Simplex Virus-1
Navika Shukla, Tibor Valyi-Nagy
A-115 P07 Associations Between HIV Susceptibility and Mutations in the Vif-Associated
APOBEC3G Proteasomal Complex
Kevin Chong, Jackson Michuda, Sudhir Penugonda
A-117 C23 The Role of SGK1 in Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in Endometriotic Cells
Shannon Kurian, Monica Patel, Serdar Bulun, Diana Monsivais
A-119 A03 Mechanism of MYCN Destabilization in Neuroblastoma
Nolan Maloney, Naohiko Ikegaki, Xao Tang
A-121 P21 Comparing Invasive and Non-Invasive Blood Pressure Recordings in Premature
Patients Less than Thirty Seven Weeks Gestational Age with Diagnosis of Patent
Ductus Arteriosus
Brooke Ray, Cristina Vega
A-131 P24 The Effect of Cardiac Reoperation on Ventricular Function
Nicholas Srivastava, Jia Raman
A-133 T03 The State of Somalia: The United Nations in Practice and in Theory Since the
Decolonization Era
Sharadyn Ciota, Eric Smith
A-135 C38 An Analysis of the Effects of Azelaic Acid on Principal Gene Expression and Root
Growth in Arabidopsis thaliana
Arjun Tambe, Nicolas Cecchini, Jean Greenberg
A-147 P05 An Assessment of the Benefits of a Spinal Surgery Simulator on the Learning and
Growth of Neurosurgical Residents
Alice Chang, Jiachen Wang, Aruna Ganju
A-149 T02 An Examination of the Polish American Experience
Sophia Baramidze, James Victory
A-151 B01 Incorporating Apoptosis in a Cell Proliferation Simulation Program
Eaton Guo, Jie Liang, Hammad Naveed
A-155 C02 The Effects of Plyometric Strength Training on Running Economy
Lydia Auch, Christine Darabaris, Steven Sadowsky
Acad.
Pit
A-138
Q25 The Role of Protein X in Eliminating SOD1 in Fibroblasts Derived from SOD1-G93A
Transgenic Mice
Vivian Zhang, Hasan Arrat, Faisal Fecto, Teepu Siddique
B-108 E09 Spectroscopic Analysis of Chemical Intermediates of Lithium-Air Batteries
Richard Shen, Hsien-Hau Wang
B-133 C21 The Effect of the Enteric Biome on Lysosomal Hydrolase Activity
Dipen Kumar, Glyn Dawson
B-148 C46 CD1-d Expression in Breast Cancer Progression
Jeffrey Zhao, Ming Zhang
D-103 R10 Recycling Carbon Dioxide: Following Algae Response to High Concentration Carbon
Dioxide Environments
Aadam Ibrahim, Mark Carlson, Carolyn Hirschmugl
D-107 R05 The Future Now: Using Developing Rocket Technologies to Create the Ultimate Thrill
Ride
Jasmine Davila, Quinn Gingerevans, Eric Hawker
35
1:20 - 1:35 (continued)
D-110 K03 Energy Efficiency of Hand Dryers Compared to Paper Towels and Their Effect on
Energy Consumption on the IMSA Campus
Christina Cheng, Harsha Jujjavarapu, Branson Lawrence
Kids
Inst.
E-115
G05 Determining the Value of a Baseball Player
Samuel Kaufman, Matthew Tennenhouse, Christopher Kolar
Lect.
Hall
B-206
S02 Effects of Personality, Gender, and Age on Spatial Relations Ability
Victoria Etherton, Joan Chiao, Mark Schurgin
1:45 - 2:00
Room Poster
ID
A-113 P16 Effect of Laser Photocoagulation Therapy on the General Morphology of Mouse
Retina
Xiaoyu Li, Xiaorong Liu
A-115 M02 The Effect of the Arab Spring on Egypt's Government, Diplomatic Relations, and its
Economy
Connor Kasch, Robert Kiely
A-117 E02 Determining the Global Minimum Binding Energy of the Interaction Between
Different Gas Molecules and Functional Groups in Metal-Organic Framework Using
Quantum Chemistry Calculations
Sanggyu (Raymond) Chong, Michelle Suh, Ki Chul Kim, Randall Snurr
A-119 I08 Designing a Mixed-Use Facility in a Semi-Urban Environment
Byron Mui, Justin Sass, Steven Vasilion
A-121 C33 How Does the Silencing Mediator of Retinoid and Thyroid Hormone Receptors Affect
Glucocorticoid Receptor Action?
Sabrina Roberts, Ronald Cohen
A-131 C40 Comparison of Drosophila cmi and Human MLL/ALR Type 3 PHD Fingers
Riva Trivedi, Andrew Dingwall, Claudia Zraly
A-133 P12 Exploring the Relationship Between Metabolic Acid-Base Status and the Number of
Apnea, Bradycardia, and Desaturation Alarms in Infants 27-32 Weeks Gestation in the
First Two Weeks of Life
Rae Hohle, Aditi Warhekar, Patricia Hummel
A-135 K09 Determining Toxicity of Sediment in the North Shore Channel
Hyun Bin Park, Jean-Francois Gaillard
A-147 F02 TitanOS: The Student Operating System
Mosab Elagha, Ivan Zlatanov, James Gerry
A-149 C13 Action of Estrogen on Tumorigenic and Non-Tumorigenic Rat Prostate Epithelial
Progenitor Cells
Dorcas Huang, Dan-Ping (Grace) Hu, Wen-Yang Hu, Gail Prins
A-151 I05 Optimizing the Conjugation and Separation of Linear Chains of Polyphosphates
Aditya Karan, Ying Liu
A-155 I06 Determining the Feasibility of Using Polymer Electrode Membrane Fuel Cells as a
Household Power Source
Keith Kimberling, Brooke Schmidt, Promod Vohra
Acad.
Pit
A-138
C06 Characterizing Tolerance in Pediatric Food Allergy
Sonya Dave, Andrew Ta, Aaditya Tolappa, Ashley Dyer, Ruchi Gupta
36
1:45 - 2:00 (continued)
B-108 C12 A Correlation Between Anticipatory Behaviors and Feeding Times in Captive Animals
Katherine Havighorst, Brooke Kottkamp, Debra Kutska, Jason Watters
B-133 P22 Role of Foxc1 and Foxc2 in Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells to Vascular
Endothelial Cells.
Mahendra Reddy, Anees Fatima, Tsutomu Kume
B-148 E06 Thin Layer and High Performance Liquid Chromatography of Chinese Medicinal
Herbs
Grace Li, Lily Lou, Chun-Tao Che, Ming Zhao
D-103 C22 Investigation of the Expression Pattern of Thioredoxin Domain Containing 9 in
Developing Zebrafish
Vignessh Kumar, Eric Schroeter
D-107 M03 The Rise and Fall of Great Powers
Mia Leckie, Agnel Philip, Claiborne Skinner
D-110 K08 The Efficiency of Green Roofs as a Method of Insulation for Urbanized Buildings
Ashwin Mitra, Branson Lawrence
Kids
Inst.
E-115
S06 Examining the Levels of Overexcitabilities of IMSA Sophomores
Taylor Imburgia, Christopher Kolar, Deborah McGrath
Lect.
Hall
B-206
Q14 IL-10 Expression Surrounding Neuromuscular Junctions in the mSOD1 Mouse Model
of ALS
Rahul Maheshwari, Sarah Martin, Nichole Mesnard, Julie Rowin
2:10 - 2:25
Room Poster
ID
A-113 R03 Minimizing Electrical Noise in the MicroBooNE Liquid Argon Time Projection
Chamber and Developing an Algorithm for Event Classification
Emily Camras, Brian Rebel
A-115 S05 Perceptual Learning in Synthetic Speech with Interference
Corey Hornbeck, Shannon Heald
A-117 I04 Finding Hydrophobic Chemical Structure That Enables the Adsorption of Ammonia
Sanggyu (Raymond) Chong, Ki Chul Kim, Randall Snurr
A-119 R17 Exploring Alternate Explanations for Dark Matter's Claims: Long Term Activation of
Radiated Sodium Iodide Crystal
Kirti Munjeti, Hugh Lippincott
A-121 C45 The Role of the Silencing Mediator of Retinoid and Thyroid Hormone Receptor in
Regulating 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Receptor Activity
Kelly Yom, Ronald Cohen, Margo Emont, Michael Landeche
A-131 P26 Modulation of Stem Cell Marker (DCAMKL1) Expression During Colon Cancer
Chemoprevention
Rohan Verma, Mart DeLa Cruz, Ramesh Wali
A-133 P27 More Factors Influencing Successful Weaning From Caffeine and Outcomes of Infants
Who Failed Weaning From Caffeine
Rheanna Vimawala, Patricia Hummel, Christine Sajous
A-135 R09 Fourier Transform Infrared Imaging in Determining the Effectiveness of Trehalose as
a Protectant
Aadam Ibrahim, Carolyn Hirschmugl
A-147 F06 Graphics Processing Unit-Accelerated Proton Collision Modeling in C++ and CUDA
Matthew Yang, Walter Giele, Gerben Stavenga
37
2:10 - 2:25 (continued)
A-149 S12 The Effect of Homelessness on Executive Functions in Homeless Youth
Kevin Zhang, Scott Hunter
A-151 P04 Qualitative Assessment of Modern Dental Products
Seth Butcher, Dean Lodding
A-155 R04 Searching for Dark Matter Using Charge Coupled Devices
Kathleen Chinetti, Thomas Schwarz
Acad.
Pit
A-138
F05 An Exploration into Artificial Intelligence: The Mind as a Complex, Adaptive System
Andrew Wentzel, Mike Ososky
B-108 P10 Institutional Review Board Unanticipated Problems Involving Risks to Subjects or
Others Reports Lack Sufficient Information to Determine Causality
Annie Guo, Steven Belknap, Debra Gibson Tice, Dennis West
B-133 U01 Connection Between Pressure and Molecular Hydrogen in Galaxies
Jose Hernandez, Robert Feldmann, Nick Gnedin
B-148 E05 Standardization of Chinese Medicinal Herbs by Thin Layer and High Performance
Liquid Chromatography
Joshua Lam, Chun-Tao Che
D-103 P14 Defining the Sleep and Cardio-Metabolic Phenotypes of Individuals with Age-Related
Insomnia
Vignessh Kumar, Hrayr Attarian, Roneil Malkani, Kathryn Reid
D-107 M01 French Colonial North America
Luis Gomez, Claiborne Skinner
D-110 L01 Understanding Music Structure and Form with the Intent of Composing Music
Carol Gu, Peter Dong
Kids
Inst.
E-115
E03 Comparing the Antioxidant Contents of Blueberries, Grapes, and Acai Berries
Yan-Yang Feng, Mingyang (Jennifer) Li, Deborah Scarano
Lect.
Hall
B-206
Q15 Tumor Necrosis Factor α Expression Surrounding Neuromuscular Junctions in the
mSOD1 Mouse Model of ALS
Rahul Maheshwari, Sarah Martin, Nichole Mesnard, Julie Rowin
38
A01
The Effects of Varying Concentrations of Permanent Hair Relaxer Components on Human
Fibroblasts Cells
Presenter(s)
Osazomon Imarenezor, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Anita White, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
The damage of permanent hair relaxers, ranging from skin irritation to flesh burns, can vary depending on
the chemical and its concentration. This study focuses on the damaging concentrations of commonly used
chemicals in these permanent hair relaxers such as sodium hydroxide, ammonium thioglycolate,
guanidine hydroxide, and ammonium sulfite. A human fibroblast cell line, M059K, was selected to test
the damaging effects of these substances. Cells were incubated with different concentrations of each
chemical for different exposure times. Following exposure, cell viability was measured using the
methylthiazol tetrazolium assay and neutral red tests. Preliminary results suggest 15 minutes of cell
exposure to 2.5% sodium hydroxide is completely toxic to the fibroblast cell line. Further studies will
address the effects of lower concentration of sodium hydroxide and the effects of the other chemicals. Our
objective is to educate the population on the potential hazards of beauty products.
A02
Gold Ion-Protein Interaction by Mass Spectrometry
Presenter(s)
Jenny Lee, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Shalini Gupta, University of Illinois at Chicago
Bao-Shiang Lee, University of Illinois at Chicago
Increased interest in gold containing compounds for cancer treatment and ambiguity over the mechanisms
of these drugs have spurred the investigation of gold ion and protein interactions by mass spectrometry.
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry detects singly/multiply
charged ions for insulin, myoglobin, carbonic anhydrase, albumin, and Immunoglobulin G, which have
molecular weights ranging from 5700-150000 daltons. Cyanogen bromide, trypsin, and V8 digestions of
proteins revealed that there are loosely bound and tightly bound gold molecules. Furthermore, the
addition of a reducing agent strips the protein of any attached gold, proving that the gold ion-protein
reaction is noncovalent. The number of gold ions attached to the protein increases with the size of the
protein because there are more available binding sites on larger proteins. Higher gold ion concentration
enhances the number of gold molecules attached to the proteins. However, too high of a gold
concentration leads to the degradation and/or aggregation of the protein. Collision-induced disassociation
experiments of the gold-attached peptide ions for insulin show that the binding sites are in the vicinity of
histidine and the basic residue arginine of the ß chain of insulin. Similar findings are also observed in
myoglobin, carbonic anhydrase, albumin, and immunoglobulin G.
39
A03
Mechanism of MYCN Destabilization in Neuroblastoma
Presenter(s)
Nolan Maloney, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Naohiko Ikegaki, University of Illinois at Chicago
Xao Tang, University of Illinois at Chicago
Neuroblastoma is one of the most common pediatric cancers. The outcome of neuroblastoma is highly
dependent on the levels of MYCN present in the cell, a transcription factor encoded by the MYCN protooncogene.
We have identified three compounds (salinomycin, FCCP, and OSU-03012) that rapidly
destabilize MYCN and also lead to growth suppression. Recently, we showed that treatment of
neuroblastoma cells with meta-iodobenzylguanidine and metformins, inhibitors of mitochondrial
respiration, and combinations of these have an additive effect on MYCN and MYC expression. The
mechanism of action we proposed begins with drug-induced inhibition of mitochondrial functions,
leading to production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are known to hydroxylate proline residues,
which are present in high concentration on MYCN. The binding of the Von-Hippel Lindau (VHL) tumor
suppressor protein is known to be oxygen-dependent, and thus we have proposed that degradation of
MYCN occurs due to a protein-protein interaction between MYCN and pVHL. Our data, generated by
Western blot analysis and a pull-down assay suggests that a relationship between MYCN and pVHL
exists. By elucidating the mechanism by which drugs suppress neuroblastoma tumor cell growth, this
work will lay the foundations for developing additional methods of treatment for neuroblastoma.
40
A04
Comparative Analysis of Protein Cargo Selection During Intracellular Trafficking Under Normal
and Heat Stressed Conditions
Presenter(s)
Madhav Mohandas, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Sue Fox, Northwestern University
Richard Morimoto, Northwestern University
Anan Yu, Northwestern University
Recent studies have identified clathrin adaptor (AP) complexes as potential regulators of polyglutamine
protein aggregation in C. elegans. Protein aggregation is one of the hallmarks of neurodegenerative
disorders and leads to the progressive loss of essential cellular functions. The central roles of the AP
complexes are to transport proteins between different cellular compartments and across the plasma
membrane. Here, we investigate whether under a cellular stress condition such as heat stress, the clathrin
AP complex will transport stress-induced protein cargos that may play important roles in regulating stress
responses. In this study we use a glutathione-S-transferase fusion protein pull-down procedure to detect
and identify protein-protein interactions. We use C. elegans as a model organism, and identify interacting
partners of our bait protein, the cargo recruiting mu2 adaptin of clathrin AP 2 complex, using proteins
extracted from normal or heat stressed worms. Through mass spectrometry analysis, we identified four
interacting partners of our bait that only appear under the heat shock condition. These four proteins are
known to play a significant role in the heat shock response. The identification of novel interacting
partners of clathrin AP complexes provides valuable information in understanding the pathways that
govern the heat shock response.
A05
Effects of Modifications to Hsp27 on Viability of Smooth Muscle Cells Under Oxidative Stress
Presenter(s)
Kyle Mou, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jody Martin, Loyola University
Margaret McShane, Loyola University
Heat shock proteins serve to protect cells under stress by facilitating the proper folding of other proteins.
The small heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) protects the cytoskeleton by preventing filamentous actin from
being cleaved to globular actin. We investigated the effects of various modifications to both the Hsp27
protein and its level of expression on cell death in A7r5 smooth muscle cells exposed to hydrogen
peroxide. The cells were treated with phosphorylation-inhibiting drugs and recombinant adenoviruses
expressing Hsp27 in its non-phosphorylatable form. Cell viability was determined by colorimetric assays.
We found that overexpression of Hsp27 increased cell viability significantly, while overexpression of the
non-phosphorylatable form slightly increased cell viability. Our data for the use of phosphorylation
inhibitors was inconclusive. This implies that expression of Hsp27 is protective for our model of
oxidative stress of smooth muscle cells. These results may be useful for treatment of vascular disease
caused by noxious stresses.
41
B01
Incorporating Apoptosis in a Cell Proliferation Simulation Program
Presenter(s)
Eaton Guo, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jie Liang, University of Illinois at Chicago
Hammad Naveed, University of Illinois at Chicago
In my investigation, I have been using Visual Studio to modify a program developed by my SIR advisors
that models the proliferation of epithelial cells. The program does not currently account for the variable of
cell death in its simulations, and my goal is to incorporate it. My methods include researching scientific
articles on apoptosis, and strengthening my background in C through books and online resources. In order
to understand the program better, I have been reviewing it part by part with my advisor. So far through
research and the help of my advisor, I have found a reliable figure for the rate of cell death which I will
later use when adding apoptosis to the program. I have also read through the program's essential methods
and structure, so that when I begin modifying it I will know what kinds of functions and variables to use.
By running the program using four different built-in methods of cell division, I have reached the same
conclusion that the largest-angle division method is the most accurate in comparison to experimental data.
By my current progress, I conclude that I have learned a lot and should be ready to modify the program
soon.
B02
Design and Characterization of Three Dimensional Bioplotted Natural Biopolymer Constructs for
Tissue Engineering Applications
Presenter(s)
Nilesh Kavthekar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Karen Chien, Northwestern University
Ramille Shah, Northwestern University
The enormous global demand for tissue and organ transplants has increased interest in technologies that
can regenerate functional tissues and organs outside the body. This investigation explored one such
technology: scaffolding made with natural biopolymers including soy protein isolate (SPI) and collagen.
In this investigation, optimal parameters to produce porous scaffolds with three-dimensional bioplotting
technology, a type of three-dimensional printing, were established. These parameters were used to
fabricate one-layer scaffold constructs of the two material types and in square and triangle spatial pore
configurations. Surface morphology and construct dimensions were characterized using scanning electron
microscopy. The proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) seeded onto the constructs was
studied qualitatively (using confocal microscopy) and quantitatively (using PicoGreen DNA
quantification assay) over fourteen days. Imaging showed that hMSCs were establishing confluent layers
on the pore surfaces. Both SPI and collagen scaffolds maintained cell viability and induced growth
between seven and fourteen days. On collagen scaffolds, cell growth caused scaffold constriction after
seven days. Although trends have been observed concerning how the pore shape and material type
influence cell proliferation, further experimentation is necessary. This investigation has demonstrated the
feasibility of using SPI and collagen three-dimensional bioplotted constructs for tissue engineering
purposes.
42
B03
Role of the Prefrontal Cortex in Trace Eye-Blink Conditioning
Presenter(s)
Akram Khaja, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Craig Weiss, Northwestern University
The way the brain creates, stores, and retrieves memory is not well understood. Some parts of the brain,
namely the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus, have known functions in memory consolidation, but
the circuitry and importance of each part is still unclear. To help answer the question, neural activity is
recorded from the locations while a rabbit learns a memory task called trace eye-blink conditioning.
Whisker vibrations and air puffs are paired and eventually, the rabbit starts to associate them and blink in
response to the whisker vibrations prior to the air puff. Any trends that are found in the firing rate of
neurons in the different regions are analyzed and taken into consideration along with results of other
studies. In the end, it was found that the hippocampal neurons had elevated firing rates during the start of
training while the prefrontal cortex neurons had low firing rates. After the rabbit learned the task, the
firing rates were switched. This implies that memory is initially coded in the hippocampal region but is
moved to the prefrontal cortex for permanent storage. Knowing the importance of each structure for
memory can help move towards solving memory problems and diseases in the future.
B04
Using the Laser Diode to Determine the Stapedius Reflex
Presenter(s)
Krishna Kudaravalli, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Ajay Pius, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Claus-Peter Richter, Northwestern University
The stapedius reflex, an involuntary muscle contraction of the tensor tympani, occurs as a response to
high intensity sound. By finding the intensity at which this reflex occurs, one can determine the upper
threshold for the comfortable loudness range for ideal hearing. This can be useful in calibrating hearing
devices for individuals. In the past, people have measured this reflex through invasive procedures that use
either electrical or acoustic measuring device, but we want to measure this reflex with a non-invasive
procedure using laser interferometry. This study included measuring the reflex in anesthetized guinea pigs
using both electric and acoustic devices stimulation and comparing it with results of the laser
measurements. It also involved constructing a laser measurement device, consisting of a laser, a laser
diode, and an amplifier. The results show and prove the apparatus in principle. The device is able to
accurately detect the vibrations of some surfaces. By placing our apparatus in the ear and shining the laser
on the tensor tympani, in principle, we can measure the stapedius reflex. Using the laser diode is possible,
but the device has still to be tested on the guinea pig ear prior to testing on humans.
43
B05
Micelle Formulations of Dendron-Based Block Copolymers with Various Surface Groups
Presenter(s)
John Lee, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Seungpyo Hong, University of Illinois at Chicago
Dendron-based block copolymers have attracted much scientific interest due to their ability to merge the
advantages of dendrimers with those of linear-block copolymers. These amphiphilic polymers have the
capacity to form a vast array of self-assembled structures including micelles, vesicles, and cylindrical
structures depending on their structural components. Here were present the self-assembled structures
formed from three types of linear dendron-based copolymers with varied surface charges
(positive/negative/neutral). Using dynamic light scattering, we show that all micelle preparations formed
self-assembled structures less than 100 nm in diameter. Surface charges were quantitatively measured as
zeta potential. Positively charged micelles were found to have the largest hydrodynamic radius and
negatively charged micelles had the smallest measured radius. Micelle formulations that possess a neutral
or negative charge are most promising for uses in further biological studies due to their biocompatibilities.
Surface functionalization of dendron-based micelles offers numerous future opportunities to tailor the
properties of these nanocarrier platforms for targeted drug delivery.
B06
Modeling Spatial Population Dynamics of Stem Cells in Tissue Growth
Presenter(s)
Claire Liang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Youfang Cao, University of Illinois at Chicago
Qing Nie, University of California at Irvine
Understanding cell populations allows insight into control mechanisms of developing mammalian tissues.
Negative feedback loops regulate the cell type populations by maintaining equilibrium on the dynamics of
populations for tissue proliferation control involving stem cells. Previously, spatial information was
neglected, and the feedback controls were unrealistically population based. Our Matlab and C model
expresses the shape, growth, and division of each cell using realistic geometry in which the plane is
controlled by shape and tension forces. Inhibited growth rate, proliferation, and differentiation
probabilities of individual cells are modeled through feedback loops controlled by secretions of
neighboring cells within a proper diffusion radius. The division type is selected by Monte Carlo sampling.
Our model of temporal-spatial population dynamics demonstrates how feedback loops control the growth
of tissues and characterizes cell population dynamics and temporal-spatial relationships of cells within
tissue. Stochastic events of symmetric and asymmetric cell divisions of differentiating cells are in our
growth model as well. Our model shows that with proper strengths of inhibitions to growth and division
types of differentiating cells, the tissue can achieve homeostatic size control. The model can be applied to
issues on tissue development and pattern formation in stem cell and cancer research.
44
B07
Microbial Dynamics in Methane Oxidation for Biochar-Amended Landfill Covers
Presenter(s)
Nishith Reddy, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jean Bogner, University of Illinois at Chicago
Anaerobic degradation in soils accounts for large-scale emissions of landfill gases such as methane. The
association of methane with the greenhouse effect has caused global concern for climate change. Soil
methanotrophs undergo two major processes for methane degradation, the ribulose monophosphate
pathway and the serine pathway, which are implicated in the oxidation and mitigation of methane
emissions. However, limited research exists on the specific characteristics of the microbial activity. This
study used simulated column experiments with varying methanotroph content to analyze the effect of
bacterial growth on methane oxidation. Biochar was used as a mechanism for fostering the additional
microbe proliferation. DNA and RNA analysis in this research found that methanotrophic bacteria show
non-bias molecular activity in methane mitigation and are consistently more active near the soil surface.
This biochar amended soil cover can be used as a methane-mitigating cover in existing landfills.
B08
Effect of Cleaning Methods on Hydrophilicity of Different Thicknesses of TiO2 Layers
Presenter(s)
Nathan Suek, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Christos Takoudis, University of Illinois at Chicago
Failure of implants because of poor integration results in wasted money, time, and a poorer quality of life
for patients. Improving the hydrophilicity of the implant can improve integration of the implant with bone
to prevent failure (osseointegration). This study examines the effects of different cleaning methods on the
contact angle as a measure of hydrophilicity. We compared Ti-II (commercially pure titanium) or Ti-V
(alloy) with a TiO2 layer deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The contact angles were compared
after the following conditions: 1) after wash with deionized water and dried by N2 or air, 2) after
sonication with methanol and dried by N2 or air. It was found that there is no significant difference
between N2 and air drying. Contact angle measurements after ALD for Ti-V with 2 nm coating are also
not significantly lower when compared to 2 nm coated TiO2 coated Ti-II. Contact angle measurements
after ALD for Ti-V with 10 nm coating are significantly lower when compared to Ti-II and Ti-V with 2
nm coating. After finding an optimal method for improving hydrophilicity of the substrate, we hope to
examine infection control methods such as silver nanoparticles, covalently bonded antibiotics, and ZnO
coatings.
45
B09
Visualization of Functional Group Selection in Creating Hypothetical Metal-Organic Frameworks
Presenter(s)
Matthew Tsao, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Randall Snurr, Northwestern University
Chris Wilmer, Northwestern University
Carbon dioxide storage has been a common method in reducing the amount of greenhouse gasses in the
atmosphere. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown promise in storing and retaining carbon
dioxide gas. The permutations of the functional groups that make up these MOFs result in thousands of
possible frameworks. In order to find the most effective framework to store carbon dioxide, the Snurr
research group is writing a computer program that generates hypothetical frameworks and subsequently
tests them for their carbon dioxide retention rates. Contributions from this SIR investigation have been
computer programs that will function as pieces of the research group's final code. These programs include
a visual three-dimensional functional group selection program that allows a user to select the desired
groups for molecular permutation, as well as the generation of dummy variable files to join functional
groups together. These programs will help the Snurr group finish their MOF retention efficiency program
by making the interface more efficient, as entering commands will take significantly less time.
B10
Frequency Detection in Deaf Cats
Presenter(s)
Nathaniel White, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Brent Wu, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Agnella Matic, Northwestern University
Claus-Peter Richter, Northwestern University
In order to distinguish between different sounds, both cats and humans must differentiate their
frequencies. This experiment tests for the frequency equivalent of cochlear implants in the ears of deaf
cats in order to determine if the implants are functional. Electrodes are placed on the cochlea to stimulate
certain frequency regions so that the cat should hear tones of these frequencies. In order to test the
implant, the cat is placed in a feeder system in which various tones are played through a MATLAB
program, but only one tone is the correct one. If the cat hears this correct sound and presses on a lever in
the feeder, a food reward is given to it; otherwise, no reward is given if the lever is pressed for an
incorrect tone. A running MATLAB code that plays different tones and responds to lever presses has been
applied to the feeder system. Experimental data will be provided after test trials. The response of the cat
to the correct tone and the delay time for the response will be analyzed. If the cats are able to distinguish
the correct tone for the majority of the experiment, then the cochlear implants should be functional.
46
C01
Analysis of Colorectal Cancer Risk Factors in E-Cadherin in Diverse Patient Populations
Presenter(s)
Soham Ali, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Nathan Ellis, University of Illinois at Chicago
Archana Krish, University of Illinois at Chicago
The overall goal of this project is to identify and characterize genetic risk factors that confer susceptibility
to colorectal cancer (CRC). Of all the American ethnic groups, African Americans have the highest risk
of CRC. In genome-wide association students of Caucasians, genetic associations between two single
nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs9929218 and rs1862748, in a genomic region that contains
CDH1were identified in CRC (Houlston et al., 2007). These two SNPs were not associated with CRC in a
study of two African American CRC groups (Kupfer et al., 2010). To find out the SNP's related to
Americans of African descent, I have analyzed the CDH1 region of genomes of sixty-four samples of that
ethnic group from Chicago, and found about 851 different single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CDH1
region, while there are around 689 distinct SNPs in the 246 African cases found in three populations on
1000 Genomes online database. Using fixation index (Fst) comparisons, the variance between SNPs of
the three 1000 Genome populations and the sample from Chicago were analyzed. The resulting value will
indicate the strength of the similarities between the four data sets. Then, using linkage disequilibrium
(LD) analysis, the sets will be compared to identify the shared SNPs. Significant variation in Fst and LD
when comparing Chicago African Americans with other populations of African descent might indicate
important differences in the structure between these populations, which could influence the SNPs related
with disease.
C02
The Effects of Plyometric Strength Training on Running Economy
Presenter(s)
Lydia Auch, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Christine Darabaris, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Steven Sadowsky, Northwestern University
Running economy (RE) is the efficiency with which athletes use the oxygen they take in when running at
a given speed. This topic is of increasing value to athletes because of its strong association with distance
running performance. Based on random assignment to control and intervention groups, subjects
performed two sub-maximal exercise tests six weeks apart using the first three stages of the Bruce
sequence. During the intervening period, members of the control group maintained their normal training
schedule (at least twenty miles running per week), and the intervention group completed a plyometric
training regime in addition to the normal training schedule. All subjects are currently completing their
training programs. After retesting, data will be analyzed to calculate an initial RE value and an ending RE
value. Subsequently, two tailed t-tests will be performed to determine if statistically significant
differences exist between the groups. The investigators anticipate obtaining a better understanding of the
factors affecting RE and how those might be employed to improve athletes' running performances.
47
C03
Regulation and Role of Regulator of G-protein Signaling-1 in Celiac Disease Pathogenesis
Presenter(s)
Yiyun Cao, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Cezary Ciszewski, University of Chicago
Bana Jabri, University of Chicago
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by oversensitivity to gluten. A recent
genome-wide association study has linked regulator of G-protein signaling-1 (RGS1) to CD, and single
nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which collectively represent either a celiac susceptibility or protective
haplotype have been identified. This investigation focused on how these SNPs affect RGS1 expression at
the promoter, transcriptional, and translational levels in response to interferon- α (IFN-α), interferon-β, or
interleukin-15, which are highly expressed in CD. The functional significance of RGS1 was also studied
in lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity assays. At the promoter level IFN-β significantly upregulated
expression in the protective SNP, but not in the susceptibility SNP. IFN-β also increased transcriptional
and translational levels of RGS1. In cytotoxicity assays, IFN-β increased cytotoxicity, likely through
upregulation of RGS1. These results suggest a new framework for the role of RGS1 in CD pathogenesis.
Although it increases cytotoxicity, higher levels of expression in the protective SNP imply that RGS1 has
beneficial effects, potentially through prevention of viral infections which can trigger CD or by reduction
of autoantibody production.
C04
Bacterial Species Identification Using Polymerase Chain Reaction
Presenter(s)
Francis Cocjin, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Egle Malinauskaite, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Donald Dosch, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Bacterial identification on a genomic level has been shown to be more accurate than common
physiological methods. This investigation focused on developing a protocol that can be used to identify
bacteria based on their DNA sequence. Small ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes were studied for their
frequency and sequence heterogeneity between species. A DNA extraction protocol was optimized with
the use of lysozyme to account for cell wall differences. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol was
optimized with an annealing temperature of 62oC to account for the unique sequence of the primers used.
The application of restriction endonucleases to the PCR products showed differences between Gram
positive and Gram negative bacterial strains, however, the technique was limited by its inability to
accurately identify all species. These results can be used to overcome technique limitations and test the
bacteria in the future through DNA sequencing to identify them more effectively.
48
C05
Hypoxia and Starvation Promote Autophagy as a Survival Mechanism
Presenter(s)
Shelby Daniel-Wayman, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Laura Dada, Northwestern University
Markus Queisser, Northwestern University
Cells undergoing periods of nutrient and/or oxygen deprivation (hypoxia) activate autophagy in order to
break down unnecessary or damaged proteins and organelles and reuse their parts. AMP kinase (AMPK)
recognizes fluctuations in the ATP levels and is activated by phosphorylation during periods of low
energy. When phosphorylated, it causes the formation of autophagosomes around aggregates of misfolded
proteins. The p62 protein creates these aggregates by attaching to proteins marked for degradation and
then attaching to other p62 molecules. Bcl-2 and nineteen-kilodalton interacting protein-3 (BNIP3) also
acts downstream of AMPK to upregulate autophagy. In this study, we aimed to determine the molecular
mechanism involved in hypoxia-induced autophagy in lung epithelial cells. We exposed lung epithelial
(A549) cells to normoxia (21%O2) and hypoxia (1.5% O2) in the absence of nutrients for up to 24 hours
and assessed the expression of AMPK, BNIP3, and p62 by Western blot. AMPK exhibited a biphasic
activation, while BNIP3 steadily increased and p62 significantly decreased from 0 to 24 hours. Cells
exposed to hypoxia in the absence of nutrients showed increased formation of autophagosomes as
assessed by p62 immunoflourescence. These data suggest that in lung epithelial cells hypoxia causes
autophagy mediated by activation of AMPK leading to increased BNIP3 and the formation of p62
containing autosomes.
49
C06
Characterizing Tolerance in Pediatric Food Allergy
Presenter(s)
Sonya Dave, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Andrew Ta, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Aaditya Tolappa, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Ashley Dyer, Northwestern University
Ruchi Gupta, Northwestern University
Previous studies have estimated rates of tolerance to various food allergens, but they have focused on
single allergens and have analyzed relatively small sample populations; few have investigated potential
associations between demographic factors and tolerance development. This study aimed to report rates for
the development of tolerance to various food allergens, and to identify contributing factors for
development of tolerance during childhood. A cross-sectional, population-based survey was distributed
for nine months starting in June 2009 to a sample representative of U.S. households with children.
Logistic regression models of collected data examined tolerance development in comparison to child and
household characteristics, as well as to food allergy severity and symptoms. Preliminary analyses
revealed associations between the development of tolerance and individual factors such as race, gender,
and symptoms associated with food allergy. Observed rates of tolerance by age ten were 45% for milk,
55% for egg, 19% for peanuts, and 13% for shellfish. Further findings may provide insight into possible
predictors for food allergy tolerance. Future studies should implement longitudinal observational
measures to gain a more accurate understanding of when and how children develop tolerance, and to
directly compare tolerance development of different allergens.
50
C07
Dimethylfumurate Inhibits Tumor Growth Factor-Beta-Induced Myofibroblast Differentiation in
Dermal Fibroblasts via the Nrf2 Pathway
Presenter(s)
Sruthi Doniparthi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
John Varga, Northwestern University
Jun Wei, Northwestern University
Studies suggest that the signal molecule transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) induces fibroblast
activation and myofibroblast differentiation, which can cause fibrosis. Previous studies show that nuclear
factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor which plays an important role in antioxidative
responses and detoxification, abrogates TGF-β-induced fibroblast activation and myofibroblast
differentiation. Dimethylfumurate (DMF) is the active agent in BG-12, a drug which currently treats
multiple sclerosis by activating Nrf2. To test whether DMF can suppress TGF-β-induced myofibroblast
differentiation, dermal fibroblasts were cultured in the presence and absence of DMF and TGF-β for 48
hours. Immunofluoresence showed that DMF suppressed TGF-β-induced collagen synthesis. Real-time
qPCR and Western blots compared myofibroblast marker expression at the mRNA and protein level,
respectively. DMF suppresses TGF-β-induced collagen by approximately 48% and reduces α-smooth
muscle actin by approximately 52% at the mRNA level. Results also suggest that at the protein level,
DMF stimulates Nrf2. Luciferase shows that an increase in Nrf2 transcriptional activity in fibroblasts in
the presence of DMF. Therefore, DMF inhibits TGF-β-induced fibroblast activation and myofibroblast
differentiation dependent of the Nrf2 pathway. This may lead to a potential treatment for fibrotic diseases,
such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and systemic sclerosis.
51
C08
CDDO Inhibits TGF-Beta-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in A549 Lung Epithelial
Cells via the PI3K/AKT Pathway
Presenter(s)
Sruthi Doniparthi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
John Varga, Northwestern University
Jun Wei, Northwestern University
Studies suggest that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition
(EMT), a process in which epithelial cells trans-differentiate and proliferate into mesenchymal cells such
as fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, factors of pulmonary fibrosis. TGF-β regulates collagen and connective
tissue transcription via the Smad-dependent and independent pathways. The compound 2-cyano-3,12-
dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO) has been shown to be an anti-inflammatory and anticancerous
drug and has potential to also be an anti-fibrosis drug. The effect of CDDO on TGF-β-induced
EMT was measured by culturing A549 lung epithelial cells in the presence and absence of CDDO and
TGF-β for 48 h. Real-time qPCR and Western blots compared epithelial and mesenchymal marker
expression at the mRNA and protein level, respectively. Cell migration and immunofluorescence showed
change in cell motility and morphology, respectively. Results suggest that CDDO suppresses TGF-β-
induced EMT. Luciferase was used to test Smad activity in cells; however, no significant difference was
found in cells cultured in the presence of CDDO. Western blot results showed that CDDO inhibits TGF-
β-induced PI3K, a TGF-β-induced Smad-independent pathway. Therefore, CDDO inhibits TGF-β's
effects on epithelial and mesenchymal expression, motility, and morphology, independent of Smad, by
blocking the PI3K/AKT pathway. This may lead to a potential therapeutic treatment for pulmonary
fibrosis.
52
C09
The Effect of Poly I:C on Transforming Growth Factor-β-Induced Fibrotic Responses
Presenter(s)
Nicholas Fung, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Feng Fang, Northwestern University
John Varga, Northwestern University
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) serve to mediate the initial immune response to antigenic ligands and
endogenous cell signaling. Past studies have shown that abnormal TLR signaling plays an important role
in chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. However, not much is known about its contributions to
fibrotic development. In pursuit of further understanding of TLRs’, specifically TLR3’s, role in fibrosis,
skin tissue was treated with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), a synthetic double-stranded RNA
that acts as a TLR3 ligand, on a dose and time-dependent basis. Poly I:C inhibited the expression of type I
collagen and alpha smooth muscle actin genes in the human fibroblasts by real time-PCR and Western
blot assays, while promoting the synthesis of interferon β molecules. When similar tests were run on
transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) activated fibroblasts, the administration of poly I:C drastically
reduced fibrotic signaling. This, coupled with previous microarray analyses, suggests that poly I:C
attenuates TGF-β-induced profibrotic signaling. These results provide a hopeful sign that poly I:C may be
an effective anti-fibrotic candidate for the patients with abnormal TLR3 expression.
C10
Functional Central Polypurine Tract Provides Downstream Protection of HIV-1 Genome from
Editing by APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F
Presenter(s)
Beatrice Go, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Eun-Young Kim, Northwestern University
The human apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing, enzyme-catalytic, polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3) catalyzes
the G to A mutation. When viral infectivity factor (Vif) is present, APOBEC3 undergoes proteasomalmediated
degradation. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) utilizes the central polypurine tract
(cPPT) for reverse transcription. In this study, we measured the level of protection of the cPPT in HIV-1
through its effectiveness in preventing the editing by APOBEC3. We analyzed the wild type (HIV-1VH12)
and vif deficient mutants (HIV-1VH17) with and without functional cPPT and APOBEC3G/F by using
PCR, cloning, and sequencing. The electropherogram of HIV-1VH12 sequencing showed significant
similarity to the reference HIV-1HXB2. The HIV-1VH17 transfected with APOBEC3G/F showed G to A
hypermutation in the viral DNA. In HIV-1VH12 with functional cPPT, the cDNA replication continued
with little to no mutations from APOBEC3 editing. The HIV-1VH17 that carried nonfunctional cPPT under
the presence of APOBEC3 showed disruption of the central DNA flap, causing the reduction of cDNA
extension and interruption of HIV-1 replication. This study shows how viruses escape from the host
defenses. Understanding of the host and virus defense mechanisms creates insight of effective strategies
to cure HIV/AIDS.
53
C11
HOXA10 Regulates Transcription of Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 in Myeloid Cells
Presenter(s)
Ashima Gupta, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Elizabeth Eklund, Northwestern University
Chirag Shah, Northwestern University
HOXA10 is a member of a family of transcription factors that are involved in definitive hematopoiesis
and implicated in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). During normal hematopoiesis,
HOXA10 facilitates myeloid cell expansion and impedes differentiation of the same subset. To better
understand the molecular mechanisms that control these events, our research mainly focuses to identify
and characterize HOXA10 target genes. FGF2 was identified as one of the target genes for HOXA10, and
we validated this by subcloning 2kb fragment from the 5` promoter of FGF2 in pGL3 basic vector. Using
this construct, we performed a series of transfection studies in combination with and without HOXA10
cloned in pcDNAmp. Post transfection, the cells were cultured in the lab and harvested to perform
luciferase and β-galactosidase enzyme assay. Our data suggests that HOXA10 transcriptionally activates
FGF2 in myeloid progenitor cells and differentiation phagocytes in the U937 cell line. This activation of
FGF2 may be the cause of improved cell proliferation and increased hypersensitivity to cytokines as
observed in a subset of targeted AML patients with leukemogenesis. Therapeutic targeting of FGF2-
stimulated signaling pathways might be a rational approach to the poor prognosis subset of AML
leukemogenesis.
C12
A Correlation Between Anticipatory Behaviors and Feeding Times in Captive Animals
Presenter(s)
Katherine Havighorst, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Brooke Kottkamp, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Debra Kutska, Brookfield Zoo
Jason Watters, Brookfield Zoo
Mexican Grey Wolves (Canis lupus baileyi) and Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus) are both endangered
native North American predators. We created a study to assess the behaviors of these animals in
comparison to their daily feeding schedules. We observed two bear individuals and a pack of eight
wolves, paying specific attention to behaviors such as pacing and waiting by their enclosure door. In over
thirteen periods of one hour and sixteen minutes, we observed each species in our study. Then we
recorded these behaviors in conjunction with species-specific ethograms. Subsequently we found a direct
correlation between animal behaviors and keeper interactions. The same was true between behavior and
time of day. The juvenile polar bear was anticipatory of the keeper's schedule, causing him to pace and
wait at the door in accordance with the time of day. The wolves became more alert when their keepers
were nearby, and howled at the end of the day when the keepers began preparing their food. Awareness of
these captivity-induced behaviors will help the keepers improve both the animal's condition and guest
experience.
54
C13
Action of Estrogen on Tumorigenic and Non-Tumorigenic Rat Prostate Epithelial Progenitor Cells
Presenter(s)
Dorcas Huang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Dan-Ping (Grace) Hu, University of Illinois at Chicago
Wen-Yang Hu, University of Illinois at Chicago
Gail Prins, University of Illinois at Chicago
Early exposure to estrogen of the prostate gland with resultant disposition to carcinogenesis with aging
may permanently affect gene expression. In this experiment, two-dimensional and three-dimensional
cultures of normal rat prostate cells (NRP152) and tumorigenic rat prostate cells (NRP154) were treated
with concentrations of estradiol (E2) between 1nM and 100 nM. Afterwards, the cells were passaged and
the size and number of prostaspheres from the three-dimensional cultures were obtained, or polymerase
chain reaction (PCR) was run on extracted RNA. Results have shown that concentrations of 1nM E2 and
10 nM E2 significantly increased the number of prostaspheres grown from NRP154 as well as the number
of spheres over a size of 80 μM. However, concentrations over 100 nM E2 had an opposite effect and
reduced the number of prostaspheres. Results from PCR support the cell counting results, as the
expression of estrogen receptor beta was higher in the NRP154 culture than the NRP152 culture. These
results suggested that E2 can increase the stem cell population of NRP154, potentially increasing selfrenewal
and amplification or initiating self-renewal. The data also shows that E2 plays a role in affecting
gene expression in NRP154 than in NRP152.
C14
Biological Properties of Cancer Cells Through Soft Agar Cloning
Presenter(s)
Jennifer Huang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Melissa Kim, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Kim Elseth, University of Illinois at Chicago
James Radosevich, University of Illinois at Chicago
Benjamin Vesper, University of Illinois at Chicago
Cancerous cells growing in high concentrations of nitric oxide are generally more resistant to treatment
than cancerous cells growing in low concentrations. Soft agar cloning is one method that can be used to
determine the biological properties of cancerous cells. One property that sparks a lot of controversy is the
formation of big versus small colonies, where it is often argued that small colonies are not viable. Plates
of soft agar were made with a 1.2% agarose solution, and A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma) cell lines
were spread onto these and incubated. In addition, crystal violet dye was added to one set of plates and
the compound 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) was added to another
set to compare the number of viable colonies. The MTT assay showed that the small colonies were indeed
viable. From this, we constructed a standard curve of cells plated versus number of colonies counted after
a week of incubation. Data between parental cell lines and high nitric oxide cell lines were compared, as
well as the data between small and big colonies. The results support previous findings that tumor cells
grow more robustly in high levels of nitric oxide.
55
C15
The Effect of the Modified Base m6A on the Splicing of a Pre-mRNA Transcript
Presenter(s)
Jimmy Huang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Joseph Piccirilli, University of Chicago
Although scientists have discovered important information concerning N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the
general function of the modified base has not yet been revealed. Based on previous research, we believe,
however, that m6A affects where a pre-mRNA transcript splices. Splicing is the process that occurs after
transcription during protein synthesis where the noncoding segments of the RNA, introns, are removed
and the coding segments, exons, are joined so that each piece of the RNA translates into an amino acid for
the protein. We needed to synthesize a strand of RNA with the m6A located at the branch point on one of
the introns. The branch point helps determine where the splicing occurs within the RNA. After creating
the 3' piece, the 5' piece, and the oligo, we ligated them together, and then planned on splicing the RNA
that we had. We were unable to reach this step or determine the overall function of m6A because the 3'
piece that we synthesized never ligated correctly to the RNA. Because of this, we were unable to continue
with our experiment or determine the effect of m6A on splicing, because most of the information we
gathered gave very little reliable information because our template was incorrectly constructed.
56
C16
Leaf Variation in Agathis robusta as an Indicator of Forest Structure for Fossil Plants
Presenter(s)
Seneca Hutson, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Amanda Magyar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Kevin Boyce, University of Chicago
In the determination of prehistoric climates, knowing the global distribution of different vegetation types
can be useful for understanding the climates of deep geological history that may be important for
understanding future climate change. However, leaves are often the only fossils available to inform those
environmental reconstructions. In this study, variables of leaf structure including length, width, vein
density, and area that may be informative of plant size and type were examined from a single large tree of
the broad-leaved conifer Agathis robusta using scanned images and the image processing program
ImageJ. When leaves from the bottom of the canopy are compared to those of branch falls (representing
discrete micro-environments higher in the canopy), variance is about equal, but the actual values for vein
density and leaf size are significantly different. For example, mean lengths of 116 mm were found at the
bottom of the canopy and 77.5 mm in branches higher in the canopy. These results compare well to
previous measurements in more natural Agathis forests and to expectations regarding how leaves should
vary due to hydraulic demands across different plant sizes; thus, suggesting variance in leaf
characteristics should help distinguish vegetation types from fossils.
C17
Efficiency of Magnetic Bead and Gel Insert Preparation in Vector Cloning
Presenter(s)
Tejas Joshi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
David Boone, University of Chicago
Vectors are of enormous importance for scientists due to their major roles in the preparation and
duplication of genes and proteins. Hence, it is useful to find the most efficient and accurate method of
preparation of these vectors. Samples of a gene that codes for enhanced green fluorescent protein with
puromycin resistance have been prepared to compare vectors prepared with gel and magnetic bead insert
purification. This vector has been transformed into E. coli and those colonies have been imaged to verify
the expression of the target fluorescent protein. Magnetic bead purification produces more DNA but is
nonspecific. It picks up all DNA in the sample, in addition to the DNA you want to amplify. Gel
purification of the insert vector allows more control over the DNA amplified and is more efficient for
samples that leave more than one band after electrophoresis. In general, gel bead purification appears to
be more cost-effective and time-effective for common laboratory procedures.
57
C18
Loss of miR-145 in Colon Cancer Upregulates Direct Target ADAM17
Presenter(s)
Kaylee Karumanchi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Bruce Bissonnette, University of Chicago
Reba Mustafi, University of Chicago
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate or inhibit the translation of target messenger RNA. They regulate target
genes through base pairing between the seed sequence of the miRNA and a complementary sequence in
the target mRNA that is often in the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of the transcript. In many cancers,
miR-145 is downregulated, so we predicted that targets of miR-145 will be upregulated because of loss of
miR-145 inhibition. We found that ADAM17, an enzyme responsible for cleaving proligands for the
epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a predicted target of miR-145. Loss of miR-145 is predicted
to lead to increased expression of ADAM17, releasing more EGFR ligands. This increase in EGFR
signals is important in cancer development. We hypothesized that ADAM17 is a direct target of miR-145.
We examined the effect of miR-145 on expression using a luciferase reporter. A eukaryotic expression
vector coding for luciferase containing ADAM17 wild type or mutant 3'UTR was transfected into
HCT116 colon cancer cells and miR-145 was also cotransfected. The mutant 3'UTR did not show the
predicted miR-145-ADAM17 interaction, however, we observed that miR-145 decreased luciferase
expression in cells transfected with wild-type ADAM17 3'UTR. Our studies thus demonstrated that
ADAM17 is a direct target of miR-145.
C19
The Effects of Iodine on the Ghost Shrimp Palaemonetes kadiakensis
Presenter(s)
Jiwon Kim, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Vicki Burgholzer
Palaemonetes kadiakensis, known as the ghost shrimp, is a common addition to the household aquarium.
Unfortunately, this invertebrate dies easily, and for unknown reasons, the addition of iodine in the tank
seems to increase the shrimp's lifespan. In this investigation, the effects of potassium iodide (KI) on ghost
shrimp longevity were studied, especially during their molting process. Ghost shrimp were placed in four
tanks, two of which were controls (one with fish, and one without), and two of which had concentrations
of 0.5 ppm and 0.05 ppm of KI. Two groups of shrimp were tested. The first group, tested for about four
to eight weeks, had eight shrimp in each tank when none of the tanks had KI. However, the
overabundance of macroalgae killed the shrimp in the last three weeks. The macroalgae problem
disappeared after several water changes. The second group of shrimp, with three shrimp in each tank and
the appropriate concentrations of KI added, has been observed for three weeks and all the shrimp from
this group are still alive. The results so far show that while the fish and the iodine may not affect the
shrimp, macroalgae may.
58
C20
The Effects of Cholesterol Level Manipulations in Model Lipid Bilayers
Presenter(s)
Hannah Koo, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Adam Hammond, University of Chicago
Various studies have found that the presence of cholesterol in the cell membrane is essential for the
phosphorylation of the FcεRI receptor, the trigger for the signaling cascade of the allergic reaction. We
hypothesize that cholesterol's necessity results from its ability to drastically alter the lipid phases of the
bilayer, and therefore affect the membrane's physical properties. To test this hypothesis, we studied the
effects of altering the concentrations of the three lipids in our model membranes: sphingomyelin,
dioleoylphosphatiolylcholine, and cholesterol. Each sample also contained small amounts of DiI and DiO,
two fluorescent dyes whose natural affinity to different lipid phases illustrates the membrane phase
composition. These samples were then analyzed using a fluorometer and OceanOptic's SpectraSuite.
Utilizing graphs of light intensity versus wavelength, we calculated the ratio between the fluorescence
peak and the amount of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) for each sample, giving us a
measurement of the lipid phases present in that mixture. The samples we created, in general, showed our
hypothesized trend: as cholesterol levels increased, the ratio between the fluorescence peaks and the
FRET peaks also increased. This signifies that cholesterol levels do play a crucial role in the phase
behavior of membranes.
C21
The Effect of the Enteric Biome on Lysosomal Hydrolase Activity
Presenter(s)
Dipen Kumar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Glyn Dawson, University of Chicago
Lysosomes digest complex molecules and are present in all animal cells. Based on previous work, feeding
20% ethanol to mice changed the lysosomal activity. Therefore, we questioned whether there were
environmental factors involved, for example, bacteria in our gut that modified the activity of these
enzymes. We used protein assays on B-hexosaminidase (B-hex) and acid sphingomyleniase (ASMase)
and found that there is decreased activity in the liver and brain in mice with an ethanol diet. We also
observed that liver from the germ-free mice had even less hydrolase activity. To find out why, we used
reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blotting to measure amount of B-Hex and ASMase.
The RT-PCR showed that the gene for ASMase was expressed normally in the brain and we will show the
relationship between germ-free in liver and in the Western blot. We will report the results of the protein
activity in germ-free mice. We will report how the enteric biome affects gene expression of human
lysosomal hydrolases.
59
C22
Investigation of the Expression Pattern of Thioredoxin Domain Containing 9 in Developing
Zebrafish
Presenter(s)
Vignessh Kumar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Eric Schroeter, Loyola University
Thioredoxin domain containing 9 (TXNDC9) is a protein that is expressed in zebrafish 24 hours post
fertilization. It is hypothesized that this protein may act in several locations in the zebrafish embryo,
including in the nervous system and in the retina. In order to determine the location of the protein, we
used zebrafish with the roy/roy mutation. This mutation eliminates pigments from the embryo so that we
are able to observe the fluorescence inside. The embryos are stained using immunohistochemistry, and are
viewed under a confocal microscope. The results show that the TXNDC9 protein is localized in the
central nervous system, retina, and skin. In addition, it is associated with microtubules within the cell. The
fact that the TXNDC9 protein is a microtubule-associated protein and is expressed in the skin and nervous
tissue suggest that it may play a role in differentiating ectodermal tissue during the growth of the embryo.
Knockout gene tests must be conducted to verify this conclusion. Further tests must be run to verify the
results.
C23
The Role of SGK1 in Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in Endometriotic Cells
Presenter(s)
Shannon Kurian, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Monica Patel, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Serdar Bulun, Northwestern University
Diana Monsivais, Northwestern University
Endometriosis, an inflammatory disease, occurs when endometrial-like tissue attaches outside the uterine
cavity. In endometriosis, increased estrogen levels act via estrogen receptor β (ERβ) to regulate the
transcription of the serum and glucocorticoid regulated kinase-1 (SGK1) gene. Using Western blot
experiments, we determined the effect of SGK1 on cell proliferation and apoptosis, the regulation of
SGK1 by β-estradiol (E2), and the relationship between ERβ silencing and SGK1 expression. We probed
for the apoptosis marker, poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), and cell proliferation marker,
proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The increase of PCNA and decrease of PARP during gene
expression indicate that SGK1 affects endometriotic cell proliferation. We also treated endometriotic cells
with E2 and found that the protein and mRNA levels of SGK1 increased, showing that the expression of
this gene depends on estrogen. Finally, to prove the effect of ERβ on SGK1 expression, we silenced ERβ
and found that target gene expression decreased. This shows that ERβ affects SGK1 expression. Our
results further characterize altered gene expression in endometriosis, specifically the effects of estrogen
on SGK1 expression.
60
C24
An Examination of Nutritional Stress in a Nineteenth Century Skeletal Population From Peoria,
Illinois
Presenter(s)
Sarah Lisk, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Anne Grauer, Loyola University
Human skeletal analysis may provide insight into health and disease of past populations. One health issue
is the lack of adequate nourishment, which can interrupt the natural growth processes of the body. For this
study, data on eighty-five skeletons from a nineteenth century cemetery in Peoria, Illinois were collected
to reconstruct stature and the presence of growth disruption on teeth, known as enamel hypoplasia (EH).
It was postulated that shorter stature would be associated with the presence of enamel hypoplasia. Stature
was determined using Trotter and Gleser's (1952) calculations. The presence of EH was detected
macroscopically and noted if linear striations or pits were present on the tooth cusp. The results indicate
that thirty-seven of sixty-six individuals with recovered teeth display enamel hypoplasia in this
population. Within the population, the mean stature of females without EH was 154.05 centimeters, while
females with EH had a mean height of 152.89 centimeters. The mean stature of males without EH was
177.15 centimeters. Males with EH had a mean height of 167.29 centimeters. Statistical evaluation
indicated that the difference in the means was not significant. Multiple interpretations of these findings
are offered and the data are compared to similar Illinois populations.
C25
Characterizing the Ideal Antibody Isotype Distribution Against Influenza
Presenter(s)
Christine Liu, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Patrick Wilson, University of Chicago
Regarding vaccines, different antibodies will protect different areas of the body. Research can apply such
knowledge by giving vaccines through diverse routes to stimulate production of multiple isotopes of
antibodies. In this experiment, the neutralization ability of antibodies expressed as IgA molecules were
tested to determine if multiple classes of antibodies would be more effective than just one. To test this
hypothesis, the genes that previously expressed IgG were changed to express IgA instead and tested for
both binding to influenza hemagglutinin and neutralization capacity. To change the V region of the IgA
vector, a restriction site was introduced on the IgA side. After designing the vector, the PCR product of a
flu antibody gene was cloned and inserted into IgA as well. Also, the IgA vector has been assayed to
show that it can express IgA antibodies. Then the PCR product insert and vector were ligated and
transformed. To finish the experiment, the effectiveness of the IgA vector to IgG and IgM vectors needs
to be compared.
61
C26
The Effects of HSP70 Antibodies in an Anti-Tumor Response
Presenter(s)
Sirisha Manam, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Caroline Le Poole, Loyola University
Jeffrey Mosenson, Loyola University
Inducible heat shock protein 70 (HSP70i) is a chaperone that folds proteins within a cell, is used as an
adjuvant for anti-melanoma vaccines, and supports the induction of vitiligo. Previous experiments show
that vaccinating mice with mutant HSP70i (HSP70iQ435A) DNA prevents vitiligo and produces antibodies
towards HSP70i. Melanoma overexpresses surface HSP70i, which may act as a target. We hypothesized
that mice vaccinated with mutant HSP70iQ435A and wild type HSP70i would produce antibodies to the
region of HSP70i found on melanoma cells. To identify this region, I ran Western blots using sera from
mice vaccinated with wild type, mutant HSP70iQ435A, or empty vector DNA to stain full length,
HSP70iQ435A wild type HSP70i, or HSP70i protein fragments. Before using mouse sera, I used
commercial antibodies SPA-810 and SPA-811 to verify that COS7 cells transfected with DNA encoding
HSP70i1-377, HSP70i320-641, and HSP70i261-551 expressed the desired segments. Results indicate that mice
vaccinated with HSP70iQ435A and wild type HSP70i produce antibodies towards the extracellular Cterminus
of HSP70i downstream of the dendritic cell-activating region. Next, we will determine whether
antibodies from these mice bind melanoma via flow cytometry, and whether they induce cytotoxicity in
vitro. Results of this experiment could aid the development of melanoma vaccines.
C27
Heat Shock Protein 70 Regulates Interleukin 10 Producing Regulatory T Cells
Presenter(s)
Anuj Marathe, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Eugene Chang, University of Chicago
Yunwei Wang, University of Chicago
Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is known for its regulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin
10 (IL-10). Interestingly, regulatory T-cells (T-reg) that produce IL-10 have been shown to assist in
protecting the colonic epithelium against inflammatory damage. This study aimed to examine the effect
that Hsp70 would have on IL-10 producing T-reg cell populations. Five wildtype and five Hsp70
knockout (KO) mice were used and each was induced with severe bowel inflammation using dextran
sodium sulfate (DSS). After five days of treatment, tissue samples from the colon and mesenteric lymph
nodes were collected for histology tissue staining, cytokine analysis, and flow cytometry was performed
for T-reg cell detection. It was found that Hsp70 KO mice were more susceptible to inflammatory damage
and that they exhibited a pro-inflammatory colonic environment from elevated levels of IL-6 and
decreased levels of IL-10. Flow cytometry revealed that the number of IL-10 producing T-reg cells
decreased significantly. This data showed that Hsp70 most likely plays a contributory role in the
regulation of IL-10 producing T-reg cells. These findings may indicate a new treatment option for
inflammatory bowel disease that involves the upregulation of Hsp70 to reestablish homeostatic
conditions.
62
C28
The Role of RBP2 in MCF-7 Cancer Cell Drug Resistance
Presenter(s)
Aalap Mehta, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Elizaveta Benevolenskaya, University of Illinois at Chicago
A major problem in cancer chemotherapy is drug resistance, which is enabled by multidrug resistance
(MDR) genes and DNA damage response genes. The expression of MDR and DNA damage response
genes can be altered through epigenetic mechanisms by the knockdown of the histone demethylase
retinoblastoma binding protein 2 (RBP2). In order to investigate the role of RBP2 in the regulation of
these genes, mRNA was extracted from MCF-7 cells both treated and untreated with cisplatin and with
and without RBP2 knockdown. Through reverse transcription of mRNA, cDNA was formed and mixed
with SYBR Green and cDNA primers for use in reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain
reaction (RT-qPCR) assays. The results of these assays comparatively showed the gene expression of
primer groups with fully functional RBP2 and with RBP2 knockdown. After RT-qPCR assays had been
performed, it was found that MDR genes tended to be downregulated in cells with RBP2 knockdown
while DNA damage response genes tended to be upregulated in cells with RBP2 knockdown. Specific
highly differentially expressed genes were also identified.
C29
Transcriptional Regulation by Retinoblastoma Binding Protein 2
Presenter(s)
Aalap Mehta, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Elizaveta Benevolenskaya, University of Illinois at Chicago
Retinoblastoma binding protein 2 (RBP2) is a histone demethylase protein which can remove methyl
groups off lysine 4 of histone H3. Through epigenetic mechanisms, or those which deal with the change
in the structure of the chromatin, the protein can alter the expression of various genes. During the
investigation, transcriptional coregulation by RBP2 and the DREAM protein complex, which is
assembled by E2F4, was studied. Data was obtained from reverse transcription quantitative polymerase
chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assays which showed the gene expression levels of NUSAP1 and OIP5, which
are nearby each other on the genome. The types of cells used in the assays were those with no
knockdown, those having E2F4 knockdown, those having RBP2 knockdown, and those having both E2F4
and RBP2 knockdown. The results showed that when E2F4 and RBP2 were individually knocked down,
NUSAP1 and OIP5 were overexpressed. Furthermore, when both E2F4 and RBP2 were knocked down,
there was even greater overexpression of NUSAP1 and OIP5. The data suggested the proteins have
different mechanisms for regulating either NUSAP1 or OIP5. The knowledge gained from this
investigation could be useful in determining how to manipulate the presence of RBP2 in order to treat
cancer.
63
C30
Frequency of Periosteal Reactions in a Nineteenth Century Skeletal Population From Peoria,
Illinois
Presenter(s)
Vamsikrishna Naidu, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Anne Grauer, Loyola University
Periosteal reaction is the formation of new bone in the periosteum caused by infection or inflammation.
Excavation of eighty-five bodies from a mid-eighteenth century cemetery in Peoria, Illinois provided an
opportunity to study their remains. The goal of this investigation was to determine the frequency of
periosteal reactions within the Peoria population. Location and frequency of the reactions were tallied and
recorded. Results showed that twenty-six of eighty-five bodies had reactions present. The reactions were
limited to the long bones of the arm, leg, ribs, and the upper portion of the skull, as well as the jaw, with
the tibia being the most commonly affected anatomical element. Frequency of the reactions was similar.
However, frequency in the tibia was much higher. When compared to other populations, the rate of
periosteal reactions in the Peoria cemetery was high. Explanations for these differences in data are
explored.
C31
The Glycobiology of Prostate Cancer
Presenter(s)
Areen Pitaktong, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Roger Kroes, Northwestern University
Joseph Moskal, Northwestern University
Mary Schmidt, Northwestern University
The surfaces of cells are covered with chains of carbohydrates known as glycoconjugates, which dictate
cell:cell interactions such as communication and adhesion. Aberrant glycoconjugate expression is a
hallmark of virtually all tumor cells. Previous studies have shown that altering glycoconjugate expression
in cancer cells by modulating the expression of the glycogenes that control their synthesis and
degradation significantly affects malignancy. The hypothesis that a similar relationship exists between
glycogene expression and the metastatic potential of prostate cancer cells was tested. In this study,
analysis of differential glycogene expression in prostate cancer cell lines of varying metastatic potential
(BPH1, RWPE-1, PC3-S, PC-3NI, PC-3M, PC-3MPro4, PC-3MLN4, DU145, and LNCaP) was
undertaken. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses of prostatespecific
markers including prostate-specific antigen, as well as a panel of glycogenes implicated in highly
invasive tumors will determine the viability of this hypothesis. Characterizing the glycogene fingerprints
of these cell lines will allow prioritization for future microarray-based analyses. Genes demonstrating
differential expression patterns in these model cell lines may serve as targets for future in vitro and in vivo
studies.
64
C32
The Effect of Vector Backbones on PCR Cloning of Green Fluorescent Protein
Presenter(s)
Nishith Reddy, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
David Boone, University of Chicago
High throughput cloning by circular polymerase extension depends on numerous factors, which can each
affect the final yield and efficiency of the process. This study attempts to determine the effect that
alternative preparations of a lentiviral vector backbone can have on the expression of green fluorescent
protein, Cerulean, in E. coli. The Cerulean insert was cloned into a pSMPUW IRES Blasticidin backbone
by PCR, gel isolation, and ligation. The effect of the treatment of the Maxi-prepped vector sample with
Dpn1 was observed. Preliminary results indicate that the vectors have the potential to tranfect cells and
cause the expression of green fluorescent protein. By optimizing the vector backbone preparation, this
study provides a valuable technique for studies in genomics, proteomics, and synthetic biology.
C33
How Does the Silencing Mediator of Retinoid and Thyroid Hormone Receptors Affect
Glucocorticoid Receptor Action?
Presenter(s)
Sabrina Roberts, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Ronald Cohen, University of Chicago
The silencing mediator of retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors (SMRT) represses the transcriptional
activity of a variety of nuclear receptors, but its role in regulating glucocorticoid receptor (GR) action is
unknown. The GR is a nuclear receptor vital for the regulation of metabolism and inflammation. Mouse
embryonic fibroblasts, with and without SMRT, were transfected with GR and glucocorticoid response
element (GRE) plasmids, and treated with zero to 100 nM of dexamethasone, a GR agonist. Luciferase
activity was evaluated to assess alterations in GR transcriptional activity between cells with and without
SMRT. We found no significant increase in luciferase activity in the absence of SMRT, suggesting that
SMRT may not regulate GR action. However, there were some technical issues with the experiments, and
the studies are ongoing. This research, if continued, could potentially contribute to our understanding of
glucocorticoid function, type 2 diabetes, and Cushing's syndrome.
65
C34
The Role of Protein Vpx in HIV Inhibitor SAMHD1 Degradation
Presenter(s)
Sarah Salameh, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Urmi Sheth, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Thomas Hope, Northwestern University
The nuclear protein SAMHD1 inhibits human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication by decreasing
the number of free nucleotides in the cytoplasm. In eliminating many nucleotides, it prevents the reverse
transcription of viral RNA. It is most effective in myeloid cells. Vpx causes the proteasomal degradation
of SAMHD1, while the similar Vpr protein does not. HeLa cells expressing GFP-tagged SAM were
treated with Vpx. Images were taken using a fluorescent microscope to determine at which point during
infection Vpx degraded SAMHD1. Images taken using an environmentally controlled, high resolution,
fluorescent microscope were compiled into a movie. The degradation of GFP-tagged SAMHD1 was
expected to be seen through a general decrease in fluorescence, but was not observed. Therefore, fixed
cell imaging was used instead. This study will further the understanding of the HIV life cycle and how
Vpx degrades nuclear protein SAMHD1.
C35
The Role of the Receptor Nectin-1 in Viral Spread of Herpes Simplex Virus-1
Presenter(s)
Navika Shukla, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Tibor Valyi-Nagy, University of Illinois at Chicago
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is highly prevalent, affecting nearly 30-90% of the adult population. During
corneal infection and viral spread, HSV-1 is known to use three classes of gD receptors for cell entry in
human tissue; however the role of these receptors is not well understood. This study aimed to determine
whether nectin-1, a major HSV-1 receptor, is sufficient for viral entry by using a mutant HSV-1 virus
(RID-1) and comparing its ability for cell-to-cell spread to the wild-type HSV-1's ability for cell to cell
spread. Through the use of immunohistochemical analysis and real-time PCR, it has been determined that
although there is an initial delay in spread, RID-1 is able to infect cells with an efficacy similar to that of
the wild-type HSV-1. The results have established that nectin-1 is sufficient for viral entry, spread, and
establishment of latency.
66
C36
The Selection of Resistance in E. coli
Presenter(s)
Steven Suh, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Donald Dosch, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Antibiotics, while being the miracle drug of the twentieth century, have been causing resistance in
bacteria to unprecedented levels. The resistance of antibiotics was measured in E. coli by performing
consecutive Kirby disc diffusion assays, isolating the resistant colonies, and re-culturing them. After
measuring the sizes of the zones of inhibitions, we used statistical analysis to evaluate the changes.
Challenging a population of E. coli selected for stronger resistance to antibiotics. However we found that
increased resistance for one antibiotic did not mean an increased resistance in other antibiotics. This leads
us to conclude that antibiotic resistance is conferred by different mechanisms. The zones of inhibition in
the Kirby disc diffusions indicate that the selection for antibiotic resistance is quite fast and that it should
be more carefully regulated in medicine.
C37
Increased Heterogeneity of Calcium Cycling in Ventricular Myocytes from Failing Hearts
Presenter(s)
Shannon Tai, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Andrew Wasserstrom, Northwestern University
Intracellular calcium cycling is crucial in heart muscle contraction and relaxation cycles and ensures that
blood is circulated throughout the body consistently. In heart failure, a number of defects had been found
in calcium cycling in hearts, especially under elevated pacing rates. The goal of this investigation was to
measure the defects in intracellular calcium cycling within failing left ventricular myocytes. The hearts
were placed on the Langendorff apparatus in order to keep the heart alive. Electrical stimulation was used
to produce heart muscle contractions at basal pacing (700ms) and rapid pacing (300-400 ms). Calcium
transients were recorded in single cells within Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) controland spontaneously
hypertensive rat (SHR) hearts, an animal model of congestive heart failure, using confocal microscopy
and analyzed using LSM 5 Image Examiner. Compared to calcium transients in WKY, those of SHR
showed decreased transient magnitudes, prolonged transient duration at 50% and 80% of recovery, and
longer time-to-peaks. There was also greater heterogeneity in calcium transient characteristics within
individual SHR myocytes on average. Our results showed that failing myocytes showed many defects and
greater intracellular variability in calcium cycling.
67
C38
An Analysis of the Effects of Azelaic Acid on Principal Gene Expression and Root Growth in
Arabidopsis thaliana
Presenter(s)
Arjun Tambe, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Nicolas Cecchini, University of Chicago
Jean Greenberg, University of Chicago
After an initial pathogen infection, plants often develop a long-lasting and broad-spectrum resistance to
new infections at distal sites, systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Azelaic acid (AZA), a lipidic signal,
has been shown to be implicated on the induction of a primed state during SAR in Arabidopsis, such that
a secondary infection induces a stronger defense response. Moreover, exogenous AZA treatment induces
key SAR components such as the AZI1 and DIR1 genes, which are essential to SAR induction. To better
understand AZA-priming signaling components, I analyzed the effects of exogenous AZA on different
Arabidopsis mutant plants affecting SAR induction. Because AZA also inhibits root growth, I compared
the root lengths of mutant and wild type plants in growing media supplemented with and without AZA.
This method allowed a thorough analysis of SAR mutants. Plants with mutations in the AZI1 and SFD1
genes showed less susceptibility to AZA than wild types, indicating that these genes are important in
AZA signaling. Furthermore, the AZA-responsive genes AZI1 and DIR1 showed differential expression in
the sfd1 mutant. Notably, AZI1 and SFD1 are proteins related to lipid movement and synthesis,
respectively, thus supporting AZA as a key lipidic SAR signal. Understanding SAR components will
provide the possibility of improving plants' chances of surviving pathogenic infections.
C39
Modulation of the Akt/Protein Kinase B Pathway in Human Neutrophils Through the Inhibition of
Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog and PH Domain Leucine-Rich Repeat Protein Phosphatase
Presenter(s)
Lee Tang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Xiangdong Zhu, University of Chicago
The Akt/protein kinase B signaling pathway is vital to cell survival. Our investigation aimed to test novel
methods of enhancing Akt phosphorylation in human neutrophils in vitro through modulation of the
pathway with phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and PH domain leucine-rich repeat protein
phosphatase and to explore the functional consequences thereof. Akt phosphorylation was assessed
qualitatively using Western immunoblotting. Neutrophil adhesion and migration were measured using
modified adhesion assays and modified Boyden chamber assays respectively. Due to the relatively short
duration of this investigation, no conclusive results have been found. In human neutrophils, VO-OH does
not have a significant effect on Akt phosphorylation, but NSC-117079 shows a trend of increasing Akt
phosphorylation with increasing dosages. Further testing is needed to confirm these results. These drugs
still need to be tested thoroughly in vitro before any pharmaceutical in vivo testing and clinical trials may
be performed.
68
C40
Comparison of Drosophila cmi and Human MLL/ALR Type 3 PHD Fingers
Presenter(s)
Riva Trivedi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Andrew Dingwall, Loyola University
Claudia Zraly, Loyola University
The MLL/ALR family consists of large multi-domain proteins found in large co-activator complexes
involved in nuclear receptor dependent gene transcription. Loss of the human MLL/ALR genes has been
implicated in developmental disorders and cancers. The Drosophila MLL/ALR homolog is a single
representative split into two genes during evolution, known as cmi and trr, with each encoding for
conserved portions essential for transcription regulation. To further define the functional relationship
between cmi and trr, we used in vivo knock-down experiments using conditional shRNAi transgenes. We
found depletion in cmi and trr gene levels greatly affected development of Drosophila, and resulted in
lowered global histone lysine methylation. Different loss of function phenotypes were also noted, such as
defects in wing vein development. To determine whether the fly and human MLL/ALR share similar
histone binding properties, we cloned the human ALR/MLL2 PHD3 finger by polymerase chain reaction,
performed protein expression analysis and determined histone binding preference using histone arrays.
We are currently in the process of more precisely determining the histone binding preference of the
ALR/MLL2 PHD3 finger.
C41
Population Structure of Avian Chewing Lice Brueelia laticeps on Two Toucan Genera Andigena
and Aulacorhynchus
Presenter(s)
Malia Wenny, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Shannon Hackett, Field Museum
Heather Skeen, Field Museum
Jason Weckstein, Field Museum
Chewing lice (Phthiraptera) in the genus Brueelia are relatively host-specific, rendering them useful for
studies of cospeciation. We studied the biogeography and phylogeny of the louse species Brueelia
laticeps, which parasitizes two different South American toucan genera, Andigena and Aulacorhynchus.
We extracted, amplified, and sequenced nuclear elongation factor 1- α and mitochondrial cytochrome
oxidase I DNA from seventeen louse specimens and included two louse sequences from a previously
published paper. We reconstructed a phylogeny for Brueelia laticeps using Maximum Parsimony,
Maximum Likelihood, and Bayesian Inference methods. The phylogenetic tree, generally well supported
by bootstrapping, showed three major monophyletic groups within the single species Brueelia laticeps.
These three groups corresponded to geographic regions; however, the groups did not correspond to avian
host species or genera within each geographic range. Our genetic data suggest that the evolutionary
history of Brueelia laticeps is primarily structured by biogeography rather than host species.
69
C42
Phase Behavior in Cell-Free Membrane Vesicles
Presenter(s)
Andrew Wentzel, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Adam Hammond, University of Chicago
The cell membrane is known to be composed of a mix of lipids that behave differently from one another
alone. When mixed in artificial membranes, these lipids are known to either mix together or separate into
two separate phases that define their behavior. By purifying cell membranes off of mammalian cells, our
investigation used phase-specific dyes to investigate the composition of these cells. Cells were incubated
in a buffer containing formaldehyde until the cells blebbed off sections of membranes. This buffer was
then dyed using fluorescent dies DiI and DiO and observed through microscopy. Strong phase separation
was found in the membranes. However, when formaldehyde was diluted out of the buffer containing the
membranes, phase separation was weakened. This behavior may be a result of cross-linking membrane
bound proteins after being exposed to formaldehyde. This is consistent with previous studies that found
that cross-linking causes a stronger preference for phase-separation. Future investigations will need to
find a way to purify cells without the addition of formaldehyde.
C43
Triggered Intracellular Ca2+ Release in Failing Canine Atrial Myocytes
Presenter(s)
Shannon Tai, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Shohei Yamakawa, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Satya Yerrabolu, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Andrew Wasserstrom, Northwestern University
Intracellular Ca2+ is necessary for cardiac systolic and diastolic function. Experiments were performed in
canine left atrial myocytes to compare intracellular Ca2+ cycling between healthy and failing hearts. To
induce heart failure, pacemakers were surgically implanted in the right ventricle of a dog and rapidly
paced for four to six weeks. Myocytes were isolated from whole hearts and were loaded with a calciumsensitive
fluorescent dye, Fluo-4 AM. Calcium cycling was measured at different electrical stimulation
rates using a laser scanning confocal microscope. Irregular, propagated Ca2+ release events known as Ca2+
waves, were triggered during rapid pacing. Our results suggest that the frequency of triggered Ca2+
releases by the sarcoplasmic reticulum is significantly higher in heart failure cells. The frequency of these
waves also increased with an increase in stimulation rate and diastolic Ca2+ level. Results also indicate
that wave velocity was slower in heart failure cells. These results show a difference between the
frequency of triggered events in normal and failing canine left atrial myocytes. Higher frequency of these
events, which is indicative of heart failure, is correlated with higher diastolic Ca2 levels and higher
electrical stimulation rate. Higher diastolic Ca2+ and higher heart rate may be characteristics of heart
failure.
70
C44
Comparison of the Sutural Morphologies of the Lungfish Taxa Neoceratodus and its Close
Relatives
Presenter(s)
Karthik Yarlagadda, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jutin Lemberg, University of Chicago
Neil Shubin, University of Chicago
Small differences between closely related taxa are important in identifying how the species may have
branched, and what evolutionary advantage their unique morphologies gave them. Measurements of the
sutures in Neoceratodus allow for comparison between its sutural morphologies to those of its close
relatives such as Protopterus and Lepidosiren, which may aid in discerning their plesiomorphic
characteristics versus their derived characteristics, as they relate to skull function. The identification and
measurements of the sutures of the Neoceratodus used in this experiment were carried out on AMIRA, an
interface that allows the user to work with computer tomography scans. On Neoceratodus, sutures have
been identified separating the parasphenoid, the dermal ethmoid, the frontoparietal, and the left and right
supraorbitals and squamosals. One example of a comparison between the taxa is the lack of hard tissue
connecting the dermal ethmoid and frontoparietal in Lepidosiren, while the dermal ethmoid of
Neoceratodus is connected to the frontoparietal. Such differences may be indicative of a lack of bite force
on the dermal ethmoid of Lepidosiren, while the dermal ethmoid of Neoceratodus is subject to more
stress during feeding.
C45
The Role of the Silencing Mediator of Retinoid and Thyroid Hormone Receptor in Regulating 1,25-
Dihydroxyvitamin D Receptor Activity
Presenter(s)
Kelly Yom, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Ronald Cohen, University of Chicago
Margo Emont, University of Chicago
Michael Landeche, University of Chicago
The silencing mediator of retinoid and thyroid hormone receptor (SMRT) is a protein that acts as a
nuclear corepressor for the transcription of certain genes. Based on previous research from other labs, we
have reason to believe that SMRT interacts with the vitamin D receptor. In order to test this, kidney tissue
was taken from both wild type laboratory mice and a heterozygous SMRT knockout mouse model. RNA
was then extracted from these samples and analyzed with qPCR to determine the effects downstream of
the VDR, using the reporter CTP24a1. Our data shows that genes that are regulated by vitamin D and the
vitamin D receptor are upregulated in heterozygous animals as compared to wild type animals in the
absence of vitamin D. This means that when SMRT levels are reduced, the vitamin D receptor is less able
to downregulate the expression of downstream genes, suggesting that SMRT does serve as a corepressor
for the VDR. Currently, experiments that show us that SMRT interacts directly with the VDR are being
performed.
71
C46
CD1-d Expression in Breast Cancer Progression
Presenter(s)
Jeffrey Zhao, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Ming Zhang, Northwestern University
Invariant natural killer T-cells (iNKT) mediate immune-based tumor surveillance and numerous studies
have linked aberrant concentrations of these cells to tumor growth, proliferation, and invasion. Recently, a
class of iNKT cells restricted to the membrane-bound, antigen presenting glycoprotein CD1-d was shown
in mouse models to have been downregulated in metastatic breast cancer. In a study of eighteen formalin
fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) human tissue sections grouped as normal breast, ductal carcinoma in
situ (DCIS), and invasive, we performed quantitative immunohistochemistry to assess CD1-d expression
on four representative regions from each tissue section. Using a MATLAB algorithm created to
differentiate stain intensity using red/green/blue pixel analysis, we show that there is a significant threefold
decrease in CD1-d stain intensity between normal and DCIS tissue regions and a significant two-fold
decrease in expression from DCIS to invasive regions. Building off of our preliminary findings, we have
begun batch staining and analysis of over one-hundred other FFPE tissue sections and an inquiry into
possible microRNA based down-regulation of CD1-d. Thus far, our study is the first to characterize and
quantify significant CD1-d down-regulation in human tissue, and suggests that evasion of iNKT antigen
presentation is a critical step in breast cancer tumorigenesis.
D01
A Nonlinear Portfolio Building Model in Futures Trading Strategy
Presenter(s)
Evan Yin, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Doug Adams, Aardvark Trading L.L.C.
Electronic market data and execution have made algorithmic trading possible, where traders develop
automated systems that constantly track data and place trades. While multiple models may compose a
qualitative system, or black box, the portfolio construction model synthesizes information from the other
models to determine which trades to take and their quantities. The goal of my investigation was to learn
about futures trading and see how differential equations could be applied to a portfolio construction
model. I began by reading textbooks on finance, futures, and quantitative trading. I used a Mathematica
tutorial to learn differential equations. With my advisor, I then applied this to a modeling project using
historical price data and Microsoft Excel. Differential equations might be used in a portfolio construction
model because their behavior is theoretically similar to that of futures prices. Specifically, the secondorder
forced oscillator y''[t] + by'[t] + cy[t] = f[t] is of interest. It can model springs and electricity, so it
might also be applied to futures, in the context of a trade known as fading. If viable in the end, this model
could actually be implemented commercially.
72
E01
Characterization of Electron Beam-Induced Deposited Nanoparticles in Liquid Medium
Presenter(s)
Brian Chen, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Ralu Divan, Argonne National Laboratory
Leonidas Ocola, Argonne National Laboratory
With increasing global demand for energy, there is a need for more effective and efficient solar cell
technology. Given the unique optical properties of silver, studying the properties of silver nanoparticles
could provide key insight into their application in solar cells. Silver nanoparticles were deposited from a
solution of silver nitrate by utilizing a scanning electron microscope. A focused electron beam was shot
into a liquid cell containing a silver nitrate solution. Various doses, pitches, and acceleration voltages
were tested. After exposure, samples were rinsed, dried, and then analyzed with near-infrared microscopy
and ultraviolet microscopy to determine the peak intensity and location of the plasmonic activity. It was
found that deposition became more intense as the acceleration voltage was decreased from 20 kV to 5kV.
Higher acceleration voltages caused electrons to move through the medium too quickly before reacting,
resulting in less deposition. Increasing the dose also increased the amount of deposition and, therefore, the
amount of plasmonic activity. This experiment also confirmed previous experiments that showed the
silver plasmon peaks appearing at wavelengths of 350~400 nm (in the ultraviolet range). The results of
this study could be used for solar cell applications, as well as chemical sensing.
E02
Determining the Global Minimum Binding Energy of the Interaction Between Different Gas
Molecules and Functional Groups in Metal-Organic Framework Using Quantum Chemistry
Calculations
Presenter(s)
Sanggyu (Raymond) Chong, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Michelle Suh, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Ki Chul Kim, Northwestern University
Randall Snurr, Northwestern University
Capturing harmful gases - mostly greenhouse gas like NOx, SOx, and NH3 - in the air is an important task
in today's world. Metal organic framework (MOF) is one of the attractive candidates that can selectively
adsorb these unwanted gas molecules. This study strives to expand on a previous study on calculating the
lowest binding energy between a functional group, a possible linker in MOFs, and a gas molecule. The
previous study's values were considered inaccurate because the result corresponds to the local minimum
based on only one possible initial position for each pair of functional group and gas molecule. However,
there is a possibility that the global minimum can be obtained from other possible initial positions. Our
study focused on finding the global minimum (lowest of the lowest) binding energy through
experimenting with multiple initial positions. The binding energy is obtained from MP2 optimization
method using the Gaussian software. Materials Studio was used to view the molecules threedimensionally.
Our result shows that there are numerous local minimums for the calculated binding
energies. Depending on the initial position of a gas molecule, the optimized position of the molecule is
varied, and the values can differ by a single unit to 200 kJ/mol.
73
E03
Comparing the Antioxidant Contents of Blueberries, Grapes, and Açaí Berries
Presenter(s)
Yan-Yang Feng, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Mingyang (Jennifer) Li, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Deborah Scarano, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Antioxidants are important biological molecules, responsible for suppressing chain reactions caused by
dangerous reactive species in the body. Thus, much research is being done to discover abundant sources
of antioxidants for human consumption. This study uses the Folin-Ciocalteau assay for total phenolic
content and the ferric-reducing ability of plasma assay to compare the antioxidant contents of blueberries,
grapes, and açaí berries. Phenol-rich extracts were prepared according to a published study. While no
statistical analysis has been done, data from preliminary runs of both assays have shown blueberries to
have the highest antioxidant content of the three fruits (averaged absorbance values were higher by 0.5).
Calibrations of the concentrations of the sample dilutions still need to be made to reduce noise. Media
sources have created hype over the high antioxidant content of exotic fruits like açaí berries, but
preliminary results show that açaí may not be any more antioxidant rich than blueberries.
E04
An Investigation into Solid Catalysts for Biodiesel Conversion Using Fresh Soy Oil
Presenter(s)
Nishita Kumar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Justin Notestein, Northwestern University
As fossil fuels rapidly deplete, the use of alternative fuels, such as biodiesel, is vital. Biodiesel is
synthesized from vegetable oils and methanol with the help of catalysts. This experiment sought to
understand the effect of time, temperature, and percent concentration of a solid catalyst on the conversion
of unused soybean oil into biodiesel. Calcium oxide was found to be the top catalyst when tested in a 1:6
molar ratio of soy oil to methanol, as compared to magnesium oxide and zinc oxide. The three variables
of biodiesel synthesis tested were catalyst loading (6%, 9%, and 12% by weight), reaction temperature
(60-100ºC), and reaction time (up to three hours). The refractive index was taken of each sample, and
percent conversion was found in comparison to a sample of biodiesel synthesized by a typical protocol. It
was found that conversions approached 100% as the time of the reaction increased. The effects of
temperature and percent loading of catalyst continue to be investigated. In general, catalysts were crucial
for the reaction to occur because they sped up the reaction; by using an optimized catalyst and reaction
variables, the conversion of fresh soy oil and methanol to biodiesel can be maximized.
74
E05
Standardization of Chinese Medicinal Herbs by Thin-Layer and High-Performance Liquid
Chromatography
Presenter(s)
Joshua Lam, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Chun-Tao Che, University of Illinois at Chicago
Medicinal plants are becoming widely accepted as a source of dietary supplements for health maintenance
or as remedies for treatment of ailments. For this reason, it is important that the source materials be
correctly identified as a means to ensure the quality of the end products. The objective of this study is to
establish chemical characterization of medicinal plants through the analysis of their extracts. Specifically,
both thin layer (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods were explored in
order to construct a standardized procedure for identification and standardization purposes. Two plants,
Radix asteris (root) and Coptis chinensis (rhizome), were investigated. In the process of determining the
proper conditions for chromatographic separation, various mobile phases containing organic solvent
mixtures were tested. It was noted that different solvents would have different effects and their polarity
would influence the chromatographic behaviors. The resulting TLC and HPLC chromatograms displayed
characteristic chemical profiles for each plant extract, allowing comparison with known chemical
compounds. As a result of these examinations, procedures to produce fingerprint chromatograms for each
plant species were established. This research will lead to a better understanding of the chemical
composition of medicinal plants as well as proper identification of these medicinal materials.
E06
Thin Layer and High Performance Liquid Chromatography of Chinese Medicinal Herbs
Presenter(s)
Grace Li, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Lily Lou, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Chun-Tao Che, University of Illinois at Chicago
Ming Zhao, University of Illinois at Chicago
Chromatography is an important technique for isolating compounds from medicinal plants and
standardizing herbal preparations. This investigation focused on the Chinese medicinal herbs Flos
Farfarae, Radix Curcumae and Rhizoma Coptidis, with an objective to establish thin layer
chromatographic (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) profiles for identification
and standardization purposes. In this study, different combinations of organic solvents were used for the
extraction and separation of chemical ingredients in the plant extracts. TLC and HPLC were performed
with both the leaves and flowers of Flos Farfarae in order to obtain characteristic profiles of their
chemical components. For Rhizoma Coptidis, special conditions (addition of ammonium solution) of the
TLC chamber were required to achieve good separations. For Radix Curcumae, a quantitative HPLC
analysis was performed by constructing a calibration curve of the reference compound, curcumin.
Different samples of Radix Curcumae were then tested to estimate their curcumin contents. In summary, a
general knowledge of the process of different chromatographic techniques and satisfactory analytical
procedures of the aforementioned medicinal plants have been established. This research can be further
used to identify and determine the concentration of known compounds present in the herbs.
75
E07
Search for an Anti-Bird Flu Agent From Southeastern Asian Plants
Presenter(s)
Jingfei Li, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Hongjie Zhang, University of Illinois at Chicago
Avian influenza has become an increasing health risk over the past decade. It is impossible to predict
mutations of the virus strain, and therefore vaccines against the virus cannot be produced until after an
outbreak occurs. Therefore, antiviral agents must be prepared to combat bird flu outbreaks. Tropical plant
species (1606) were sampled from parts of Laos and Vietnam for research. Each sample was tested for
activity against bird flu, and then active samples were subjected to a bioassay guided fractionation, where
column chromatography was used to divide each sample into fractions. Each fraction was then tested for
activity against bird flu, and active fractions were once again partitioned using silica gel chromatography,
and then put through another bioassay. High performance liquid chromatography was then used to
determine the individual compounds that could inhibit bird flu. It was determined that one species,
Quercus macrocalyx H. et C., was highly effective against bird flu. Of the twenty-five fractions obtained
from the column chromatography, one of the fractions showed 90% inhibition of viral replication at 10
μg/mL against bird flu, without cytotoxicity. Further separation and research on this species is necessary
to determine the cause of its effectiveness against the bird flu virus.
E08
An Investigation into Solid Catalysts for Biodiesel Synthesis from Used Fryer Oil
Presenter(s)
Ashley Radee, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Justin Notestein, Northwestern University
Biodiesel has become prevalent with the recent need for alternative fuels. Though traditionally made with
a caustic basic solution catalyst, solid catalysts are being researched as a more cost-effective and safer
method. In this work, solid catalysts were tested by combining soy oil and methanol in a 6:1 molar ratio,
adding 6-12 weight % catalysts, heating to 60-90ºC and mixing the reactants for up to three hours. The
biodiesel/oil phase was collected by centrifugation and pipetting, and put in a rotary evaporator to remove
residual methanol. The refractive index was determined and compared to a calibration curve to measure
the conversion to biodiesel. The effects of the aforementioned variables on conversion of used and new
oil were determined. Acid catalysts performed poorly with new oil; however, they performed better with
used oil. The different catalyst effectiveness is hypothesized to be caused by free fatty acids in used oil. In
contrast with longer times required for fresh oil, most of the reaction seems to occur within 30 minutes,
but conversion is low. Relative conversions continue to be investigated as a function of catalyst loading
and temperature. A better understanding of used oils could lead to an economical alternative to traditional
petroleum.
76
E09
Spectroscopic Analysis of Chemical Intermediates of Lithium-Air Batteries
Presenter(s)
Richard Shen, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Hsien-Hau Wang, Argonne National Laboratory
The lithium air battery may be the next generation of the lithium ion battery technology due to its high
energy capacity. However, a major issue with the lithium-air battery is its lifespan, and one obstacle to
solving this problem is that during the battery's operation, lithium peroxide precipitates and clogs the
electrode pores, making it important to study lithium peroxide's different means of synthesis and their
associated chemical activities. This compound was analyzed using Raman and electron paramagnetic
resonance (EPR) spectroscopies to better understand its electronic structure. Raman scans of a 60 minute
reaction between lithium peroxide and carbon dioxide in air to form lithium carbonate were taken to
gauge its activity. Furthermore, an EPR scan of lithium peroxide had different results than predicted by its
chemical structure. Although lithium peroxide should have no free electrons, and thus a negligible EPR
signal, this was not the case. Finally, purchased and synthesized lithium peroxide's chemical activities
were compared and shown to be different. These results will hopefully help in improving the cycle life of
lithium-air batteries by allowing scientists to better understand the electronic properties of the compounds
used in its function.
E10
Crystallization of Electronic and Magnetic Molecule-Based Materials
Presenter(s)
Yuanhao Wang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
John Schlueter, Argonne National Laboratory
Molecule-based magnets are magnets which have structural building blocks composed of organic
molecules, coordination compounds, or a combination. These magnets are highly-tunable, frequently
transparent, moderately soluble in organic solvent, and easily prepared under mild conditions. By using
paramagnetic transition metal cations and various organic bridging ligands, one-dimensional, twodimensional,
and three-dimensional magnets and various chain motifs have been discovered. The purpose
of this investigation was to discover whether or not the different phases of the magnets can be developed
by altering the environment in which they are produced. Magnets were both hydrothermally produced
using ovens and also produced at room temperatures. The hydrothermally developed crystals resulting
from the combination of CuF2, pyrazine, FeF3, NH4HF2 is one of these new structures that has the formula
CuFeF6 pyz2H2O4. These crystals have been sent to Los Alamos National Laboratory to study magnetic
properties up to 100 Tesla. We've attempted to modify this structure by replacing the pyrazine ligand with
dioxine and have grown nice crystals that are currently being analyzed by single crystal X-ray diffraction
and SQUID magnetometry.
77
F01
Extracting Key Words from News Articles to Find Appropriate Sites
Presenter(s)
Brian Chien, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Larry Birnbaum, Northwestern University
Patrick McNally, Northwestern University
Shawn O'Banion, Northwestern University
Website organization is a key issue for major news sites. The Intelligent Information Laboratory utilizes
web data mining to extract parts of articles to find similar websites for more information. This project's
main goal is to develop a program that finds related links to websites by using the Python 2.5
programming language that calls for a news article on a website. It then parses the Hypertext Markup
Language to retrieve the main body of text via BeautifulSoup and number the frequency of words via
National Language Toolkit. It will then send the top five words into a Bing Search Applied Personal
Interface (API) to generate relative search links. Currently, the program analyzed a New York Times
article about Biden's visit to Japan, and has generated a histogram showing the frequency of words in the
article. The top five words are “Biden” occurring nineteen times; “Japan” occurring thirteen times;
“minister” occurring eight times” and “Japanese” and “American” occurring seven times each. The
program is being modified to send these five words through the Bing Search API. Eventually, it should
also be able to process any website and send it through multiple search APIs for sites such as YouTube.
F02
TitanOS: The Student Operating System
Presenter(s)
Mosab Elagha, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Ivan Zlatanov, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
James Gerry, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
TitanOS creates a Linux-based operating system customized and optimized for student use. The
construction of this operating system entails finding, downloading, and compiling packages and files
needed for this operating system to function. Thus far, the group has found many of these packages and is
gathering them for compilation on an external server. Packages designed to enhance the student
experience and preference were included and placed neatly into an ISO using Ubiquity. The team is
currently working on this process. The next step is to send the system out to alpha and beta testers in an
attempt to find bugs. We hope that this system can become the preferred candidate for not just IMSA
students, but students around the world.
78
F03
Modeling the Motions of High Altitude Balloons
Presenter(s)
Joshua Fornek, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Mark Subbarao, Adler Planetarium
High altitude balloons (HAB) are a cost effective way to launch experiments into near-space at a much
lower cost per pound than rockets or satellites. A drawback of HAB is the uncontrolled motions of the
payload suspended from the balloon. The first step in eliminating these motions is making a model of
them and using that to determine how design modifications made to the payload of the balloon can
improve the stability of the payload. This study modeled the motions of high altitude balloons using video
analysis techniques. This involves three steps: retrieving the raw data, analyzing the data, and visualizing
the data. To retrieve the raw data, an upward facing video camera is mounted onto the top of the payload
during the flight. To analyze the data, a program was written to go through each individual frame of the
video and calculate the expansion and rotation motions of the balloon. These data are then used to create a
visualization of the system’s motion that can be used to compare differing design solutions. This is of
critical importance to high altitude balloon experiments in order to obtain the least biased data possible.
This is especially important for imaging, as stabilization allows for a wider range of experiments.
F04
Autonomous Flight of an Android Piloted Plane
Presenter(s)
Jason Lin, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Namrata Pandya, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Autonomous flight of a smartphone-piloted plane unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are becoming more
and more common for military as well as civilian surveillance, however they are too expensive. The
average smartphone theoretically has sufficient instrumentation and processing capability to process flight
data and control flight surfaces. An autonomous flight program was designed using C in conjunction with
the Microsoft Flight Simulator X on a computer to design the flight algorithm. The program was then
ported over to an Android phone for testing with the flight simulator. The program was optimized for
flight of a Cessna 172 Skyhawk and has been able to successfully guide a plane through take off, ascent,
turning, cruising, and descent in the flight simulator between any two airports in the flight simulator. The
Android Java program is still being written. The Android phone sensors are yet to be tested for sufficient
accuracy to fly a plane, but the processor has proven to be sufficient for flight calculations. These findings
mean an Android powered UAV is still plausible, which would greatly increase the availability of UAV
for non-military personnel such as farmers, surveyors, and police.
79
F05
An Exploration into Artificial Intelligence: The Mind as a Complex, Adaptive System
Presenter(s)
Andrew Wentzel, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Mike Ososky, Applied Computer Tech.
Artificial intelligence (AI) has been on the forefront of research since the creation of the first computer.
AI has since raised important questions about the nature of intelligence and the hard problem of
cognition: How can abstract thought arise from the brain? Through review of literature from experts in
cognitive science, evolutionary theory, and complex systems we have explored the nature of the mind and
how it can be replicated within a machine. We have modeled the mind as a complex adaptive system that
arises out of the connection of neurons. Furthermore, the mind exists as part of other similar systems that
exist in the universe, such as culture and economics. By observing the nature of these systems and the
emergent phenomena that arise out of them, a theoretical framework has been suggested that would lead
to the emergence of a complex adaptive system that, within the right constraints, would become
sufficiently powerful to meet or surpass human intelligence. Future investigations will go into optimizing
these constraints to allow for a meaningful system to arise.
F06
Graphics Processing Unit-Accelerated Proton Collision Modeling in C++ and CUDA
Presenter(s)
Matthew Yang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Walter Giele, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Gerben Stavenga, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
When protons collide, jet events, or sprays of particles resulting from a series of specific interactions, may
occur in varying number and type. However, as the number of jets increases the possible interactions to
acquire a specific jet event scales as a factorial (though the probability approaches infinitesimal values as
well). Simulation of this phenomenon is extremely computing-intensive, requiring grids of central
processing units (CPU) to evaluate. This investigation compares the processing speeds of the CPU and
the graphics processing unit (GPU) through a custom program that evaluates the relative probability of a
certain number of jets emerging from the collision. The first draft was written for the CPU of an ordinary
computer in C, and is being transferred to a GPU in CUDA to more rapidly process multiple events. We
have completed and translated a program that accurately evaluates probabilities for gluon-only
interactions onto the GPU and have also accurately evaluated speed ratios between the CPU and GPU; the
GPU runs more than two-hundred times faster. This comparison reveals the cost-effective nature of a
GPU-based system as opposed to a multi-CPU grid. Currently, we are in the process of integrating quarks
to account for the probability of remaining possible interactions.
80
G01
Analysis of Market-Based Water Conservation Methods in the United States
Presenter(s)
Yusuf Aktan, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Sabina Shaikh, University of Chicago
Water is a vital resource for America's agriculture, energy, and industrial sectors, as well as a major
expense for municipalities and governments to maintain. Although several minor water market and
banking systems exist in the United States, a large-scale interstate water market has the potential to secure
and sustain drying water resources vital for agriculture. Nutrient pollution in water sources endangers the
environment, as well as restricts America's clean water supplies. Through a review of federal and state
law, government reports, and economics literature, this study provides an analysis of water and nutrient
market systems, how they can be combined, and how they can be used to generate economic activity and
sustain America's clean water supplies. Results suggest interstate nutrient markets would preserve access
to clean water, save municipalities and corporations hundreds of millions of dollars in meeting
government-mandated nutrient reduction timetables, as well as generate revenue for farmers and
municipalities that attain nutrient reductions beyond those mandates. An interstate federal agency is
needed to manage water resources that cross state boundaries, along with expanded advertisement of
these agencies to potential market users, and less complicated regulation to create large-scale water
market systems in the United States.
81
G02
Modeling and Forecasting the Price of Gold Futures: Comparing the Black-Scholes Equation
Against a Multi-Factor Linear Regression Model, Time-Series Analysis, and More Complex
Stochastic Models
Presenter(s)
Henry Deng, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
John Bonie, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Eric Smith, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Recently, the price of gold futures has experienced drastic price fluctuations due to concerns such as lack
of consumer confidence. This stimulus has caused investors to develop new models in their attempt to
forecast the value of gold futures. Traditionally, the Black-Scholes options pricing model has served as an
effective short-term forecasting tool. However, in times of greatly varying volatility, more complex
stochastic models accounting for the change in volatility over time are needed. In this study, the initial
testing compared the Black-Scholes model against multi-factor linear regression models and compared
their ability to forecast the price of gold futures. The more simplistic linearly regressive models served as
a base to which the more sophisticated Black-Scholes models could be compared. Testing revealed that
Black-Scholes models proved much more effective than the linearly regressive models, but failed during
times of greatly varying volatility. Afterwards, a time-series analysis was applied on the price of gold, and
more complex stochastic models were developed and tested using a Monte Carlo simulation. In addition,
using a distribution fitting program, a new method of modifying Black-Scholes was developed. Testing
results revealed that more complex stochastic models could be more effective at accurately predicting the
price of future options. Finally, connections to economic principles such as the Efficient Market
Hypothesis were developed.
G03
Combating Corruption and Spreading Financial Services via Technology in Himalayan Economies
Presenter(s)
Saarthak Gupta, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Eric Smith, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
The abundance of corruption in the developing world, particularly in rural areas, is a great hindrance to
the spread of finance and to development. A recently developed technology, titled the Unique
Identification Number, uses software and hardware mounted on cell phones to spread financial services
and combat fraud by allowing for an easy and universal identification method. I devised a method to test
the boundaries of this technology and its possible effects. By determining the density of cell phone users
and government employees, it was found that the software could be successfully implemented. By
measuring the software's availability, versatility, and security, it was determined that the software could
be used to defend against citizen fraud, but was generally useless against the government variety. If we
use the system correctly, by realizing its boundaries and by implementing the necessary checks and
balances, it could have a significant effect in regards to spreading financial services and combating
corruption.
82
G04
The Great Recession: A Clarification
Presenter(s)
Irene Jiang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Lee Eysturlid, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
In light of the disastrous financial events of 2007 as well as the following economic downturn, it is now
more important than ever to gain a deeper understanding of our nation's fiscal system and, in particular, of
aspects of that system that contributed to the fallout. This study examines the Great Recession of the late
2000s through works representing a variety of opinions, including PBS Frontline's documentary Inside
the Meltdown, Joseph E. Stiglitz's book Freefall, and Charles Ferguson's controversial Academy Award
winning film Inside Job. Through analysis of these sources and more, it is possible for key factors that
catalyzed the catastrophe to be identified and for those factors to be categorized in three distinct classes:
failed practices, characteristics of the flawed market, and the inept or corrupt actions of financial leaders.
Furthermore, these deductions allow for all of the elements involved to be displayed visually. The final
product provides a concise but meaningful illustration of what is considered to be the worst financial
crisis since the Great Depression.
G05
Determining the Value of a Baseball Player
Presenter(s)
Samuel Kaufman, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Matthew Tennenhouse, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Christopher Kolar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Baseball is a game of numbers, and there are many factors that impact how much a player contributes to
his team's success. We analyzed statistics such as hits, walks, and innings played to determine how many
runs each player added to their team’s total runs scored, and then used that value to determine how they
performed relative to other players. Using various statistical databases such as Lahman's Baseball
Database and FanGraphs' publicly available resources, we compiled data and manipulated it to form an
overall formula to determine the value of a player. To analyze the data, we researched formulas to
determine an individual player's hitting, fielding, and pitching production during games. Although we are
still in the data compilation stages, we have developed a formula that evaluates a player's performance
into a win equivalent. Therefore, our formula will express the value of a player to his team in increments
of wins. Using our statistic, baseball teams would be able to compare the impact of various players to the
team in evaluating talent as well as in determining salary.
83
H01
A Case Study Comparing Parent Involvement Indicators and Factors Between Two Elementary
Schools of Different Socioeconomic Levels.
Presenter(s)
Karina Banda, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Joscelyn Garcia, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Mariela Rodriguez, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jose Palos, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Aracelys Rios, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
The socioeconomic status of a family is known to correlate with the level of parent involvement. Two
surveys were designed to test the prediction that two characteristically different elementary schools, by
socioeconomic status, ethnicity, language composition, and so forth, will show distinctly different profiles
of parent involvement. Teachers and students were surveyed in order to describe school context and the
local nature of parent involvement. The surveys consist of questions that represent contextual factors
known to influence parent involvement. Each question is expected to indicate parent involvement based
on a conceptual definition of parent involvement that was developed through research. Results were
assessed in order to show whether there is a significant difference between the parent involvement factors
in each school. These data are expected to be useful for investigating how contextual factors and enablers
of parent involvement such as programs, expectation, and opportunities differ in structure between two
very distinct educational settings. Parent involvement models built from the surveys could potentially
help schools improve their parent involvement policies and programs around the variables that are shown
to be most influential.
H02
The Self-Perceptions of Academic Achievement Amongst Racially Diverse Gifted Students
Presenter(s)
Morgan Ashley Craft, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Ashley Washington, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Adrienne Coleman, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Self-perceptions develop from one's beliefs about moral structure, academic abilities, and attitude. This
study investigated the differences in self-perception amongst the African American, Caucasian,
Asian/Indian and Hispanic students at the Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy (IMSA). The
instrument used to measure self-perception was a thirty-nine multiple choice survey designed based on
the Cooperative Institution Research Program. The survey questions provided a description of students'
academic engagements, extracurricular activities, and future aspirations. The analysis contrasted these
three constructs by race. With the information gathered from this investigation, different teaching
methods can be designed for students based on their racial background to help guide them in their
academic career at IMSA and beyond.
84
H03
Preparedness of Ninth and Tenth Grade Mathematics Teachers for Implementing Common Core
State Standards
Presenter(s)
Margaret Daly, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Sandy Perez, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Tracy Miller, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Introduced in the summer of 2011, Common Core State Standards in mathematics replaced most of those
that states had created in response to the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. This is followed by the
creation of new curriculum and standardized assessments. With new standards, curriculum, and
assessments, teachers will need to change their way of teaching. Questions were developed on ideas about
change in education as progressing from awareness through preparation to full implementation. In
collaboration with the Illinois Regional Offices of Education, teachers throughout the state were invited to
take a web-based survey. From the amount of time they have had to familiarize themselves with these
standards, extant literature predicts they should not be far in the change process. Tools such as guiding
materials and professional development aid in this process. Teachers are most likely to be in the
beginning of the developmental stage where they have already been exposed to the information and
outside factors are now influencing their preparatory actions toward implementing the standards. More
professional development and resources are needed before full implementation can occur. The results can
help guide and inform ongoing work to successfully aim educational reforms.
H04
Improving American Mathematics and Science Education for Global Success Using the Programme
for International Student Assessment Results, Surveys, and Interviews
Presenter(s)
Lucija Filipac, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Sonam Vyas, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Glenn "Max" McGee, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
With the introduction of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) exam in 2000,
OECD countries suddenly had access to a quantifiable measure of their 15-year-old students' achievement
in mathematics, science, and reading. Drawing on the results from the 2000, 2003, 2006, and 2009 PISA
exams, as well as a variety of global and national studies, we have designed surveys and conducted
interviews examining the cultural, economic, and educational factors behind sustained success or
significant improvement on the exams. Contrary to ten common myths prevalent in American education,
both PISA findings and our survey research results produced ample evidence that highly successful and
improving school systems pursue policies and practices that contradict these myths. For example,
increased professional development is worthwhile when it is aimed toward achieving a specific goal,
increased autonomy must be accompanied with accountability, a large amount of funding is not necessary
and smaller class sizes are not as beneficial as previously thought. These cumulative results will not only
debunk myths, but have led us to propose more effective educational practices and policies for improving
American education.
85
I01
Methods for Reduction of Power Consumption in Display Electronics
Presenter(s)
Jorge Acosta, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Ayun Brown, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Lucas Sturnfield, Lixi, Inc./Palladium Energy
Immense amounts of energy are lost while electrical devices remain fully powered when not in immediate
use. We investigated sensor-assisted methods for reducing the consumption of such phantom-loads. We
created a large-scale display device and experimented with a variety of environmentally-aware power
reduction techniques utilizing motion sensors, ambient light sensors, and time-of-day. We have developed
an embedded software algorithm that demonstrates significant power reduction in time display
applications. We implemented a video control host with a PIC18F45k80, four LED controllers each with
a PIC24HJ64GP506A, connected by a CAN2.0b communication bus. Our research in the use of
environmental sensors for display device power reduction is extendable to any electronic system that
remains fully powered indefinitely.
I02
Development of a Field Programmable Gate Array Block for Real Time Pulse Analysis with
Applications in High Energy Physics
Presenter(s)
Paul Bogdan, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Mircea Bogdan, University of Chicago
Henry Frisch, University of Chicago
The Large-Area Picosecond Photo-Detector Project (LAPPD) at The University of Chicago will measure
the arrival of relativistic particles with picosecond time resolution. One major component in this
experiment is the Data Acquisition System (DAQ). The front-end of the DAQ has a set of applicationspecific
integrated circuits which digitize the incoming electrical pulses, generating constant streams of
12-bit values. Because of the high acquisition rates, this amount of data needs to be reduced to
manageable levels. Using the Altera Quartus 9.1 Design Environment, we developed a fieldprogrammable
gate array (FPGA) block that effectively processes these pulses. This FPGA block receives
a continuous stream of 12-bit words, representing the digitized pulses. The block outputs: the times when
several threshold are crossed, the average height for the baseline, the amplitude of the peak and the
integral of each pulse, as well as the slope of the pulse's rising edge. By doing these calculations in real
time and with minimal delay, the amount of data transferred downstream, for further processing, is greatly
reduced, thus increasing the maximum acquisition rate of the DAQ system.
86
I03
The Physical, Structural, and Chemical Properties of Ni2ZrIn
Presenter(s)
Gary Chen, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Philip Nash, Illinois Institute of Technology
This investigation is concerned with determining the various properties of the Heusler alloy Ni2ZrIn.
These ternary metallic compounds have exhibited thermal shape memory and ferromagnetism, both of
which have practical applications to society. To provide a workable source of material for these
experiments, measured portions of the individual metals were fused with an arc melting machine. An arc
melted sample was then annealed in a furnace. Mechanically pressed pellets made from elemental
powders were used to measure heat of formation and heat of reaction. An X-ray diffractometer, or XRD,
tested filed powder of the alloy to find its crystal structure. Density of the compound was taken using an
Archimedes balance, and the lattice parameters of a cubic unit were calculated two times, first using the
XRD data and again using the density measurement. These values were found to correspond, with values
of 6.012 and 6.304 Angstroms respectively. The alloy's hardness was measured using an indenter-based
on the Vickers scale. A dilatometer measured thermal expansion of a sample. An electronic scanning
microscope was used to get a close look at the alloy and determine whether a secondary phase was
present. This investigation confirmed that the compound forms a Heusler phase.
I04
Finding Hydrophobic Chemical Structure That Enables the Adsorption of Ammonia
Presenter(s)
Sanggyu (Raymond) Chong, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Ki Chul Kim, Northwestern University
Randall Snurr, Northwestern University
Due to the heavy emphasis on industry and contemporary demands of the society, the Earth's atmosphere
currently suffers from the abundance of unneeded gases that can be truly detrimental to our health.
Among a variety of materials, chemically structured frameworks such as metal oxides, metal sulfides, and
metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have the potential to be used for the removal of the unwanted gas
molecules in the atmosphere. This study reports our examination on the adsorption of ammonia,
undesired gas, water, and harmless gas on metal oxides, metal sulfides, and functional groups that can act
as the organic linkers in MOFs. We specifically studied binding energies of the molecules on the
mentioned target groups through Møller-Plesset 2 calculations based on Gaussian 09 software and density
functional theory calculations based on Vienna Ab-initio Simulation Package. We are currently in the
process of studying the potential of some more metal sulfides, namely molybdenum sulfide, ruthenium
sulfide, and tungsten sulfide for ammonia capture. Conclusively, few strong candidates have been found
from analyzing our quantum mechanical calculations, and further examination of these candidates is
necessary so that the materials can be utilized for the removal of the harmful gases in the atmosphere.
87
I05
Optimizing the Conjugation and Separation of Linear Chains of Polyphosphates
Presenter(s)
Aditya Karan, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Ying Liu, University of Illinois at Chicago
The mechanisms and kinetics of blood coagulation induced by linear chains of polyphosphates (polyP)
have been studied by Dr. James Morrissey, at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. For in vivo
applications, an appropriate delivery system is necessary to release or expose polyP at appropriate sites
inside the body. Conjugation of PolyP onto dendrimers, polysterene, and gold nanoparticles were
optimized using 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride as the ligand and
separated using different methods such as chromatography and centrifugation. Results have shown that
dendrimers and polysterene may have degrees of degradation. Therefore, gold was chosen to form the
nanoparticles. Results have shown that dendrimers and polysterene are ineffective carriers of polyp.
Reaction conditions of the conjugation of polyP to 5 nm, 10 nm, and 15 nm gold nanoparticles were
optimized based on pH, temperature, and length of the reaction. The reaction was optimized at standard
room temperature, at a pH of 7 for 72 hours. However, preventing aggregations is the main obstacle to
effective use of gold nanoparticles. Centrifuging is the most effective method of separation, however
aggregation continues to inhibit the process. Current efforts are directed towards maximizing the
separation of gold nanoparticles while minimizing the g-force that the nanoparticles experience. The
results will then be applied in vivo studies to study the response of blood coagulation in internal bleeding.
I06
Determining the Feasibility of Using Polymer Electrode Membrane Fuel Cells as a Household
Power Source
Presenter(s)
Keith Kimberling, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Brooke Schmidt, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Promod Vohra, Northern Illinois University
Fuel cells are one of today's most promising green technologies. Their remarkable efficiency and minimal
environmental impact makes them an excellent prospect for clean energy in the future. Polymer electrode
membrane (PEM) fuel cells were selected for research because of their small size and low operating
temperature makes them ideal for small domestic applications such as serving as a source of energy for
households and private vehicles. Experiments on PEM fuel cells were designed to provide evidence to
help engineers determine the feasibility and practicality of using PEM fuel cells for households. The first
experiment dealt with determining the efficiency of the process used to create hydrogen used in fuel cells
since this has a big impact on cost. In this experiment, my measured efficiency rate was only around 25
percent, much lower than my expected range of 70 to 85 percent. When I measured the efficiency of the
PEM fuel cell itself, I found it to be around 30 percent, which is lower than the 40 to 50 percent rate I
expected to find, but is still relatively efficient. Overall, I concluded that PEM fuel cells are, as of now,
too expensive for widespread domestic use.
88
I07
Designing a Water Filter for Developing Nations
Presenter(s)
Benjamin Kuo, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Mark Carlson, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
There is a shortage of drinkable water in the world, and those most affected live in developing nations.
More than 3.5 million people die every year from water-related diseases. By means of a porous ceramic
filter impregnated with nano-particulate silver, we aimed to create a low cost but effective water filter.
Specifically, we are finding the optimal balance between flow rate and killing efficiency by manipulation
of the type and amount of embedded organic material when pressing our filters. Filters were effective, but
fall short of simultaneously satisfying the goals of 99.9% killing and >40 L/day flow. The best iteration
we created was able to operate at 1.2 L/hr at 0.5 m of pressure, and killing at least 99.99% of bacteria.
Trying a variety of organic materials, sawdust remains one of the best choices at 60-70% of the clay
mixture; however rice flour is worthy of further exploration. We found that the absorbency of the organic
material in general determines the shrinkage and by extension cracking of the clay upon drying. We also
observed that previous cone-shaped prototypes were highly variable under testing and thus favor a more
reproducible disk shape. We hope to soon meet our goals.
I08
Designing a Mixed-Use Facility in a Semi-Urban Environment
Presenter(s)
Byron Mui, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Justin Sass, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Steven Vasilion, Vasilion Architects
This investigation was to redevelop a 0.9 acre site located in the Art District of downtown Batavia. The
owner was interested in developing the site into a practical, efficient and mixed-use urban development.
Collaborating with four other students from Geneva and Batavia High Schools, we researched the
regulations for the site and learned the zoning code to ensure a complete understanding of the site
restrictions and parameters. In addition, the group finalized the layout of the site and individual units in
AutoCAD and created a three-dimensional rendering with photorealistic images of the site to help to
visualize the spatial distribution. The resulting design includes a layout of retail and office spaces, parking
spaces, and residential units in the property, along with a master suite for the owner. Revisions to the
designs were made based on the owner's and city official's specifications. The group will present the final
design to the city and the owner, and if any ideas are well-liked, it may be implemented into an actual
design being built in the future.
89
I09
Properties of the Heusler Alloy Ni2GaZr
Presenter(s)
Zoe Phillips, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Philip Nash, Illinois Institute of Technology
Heusler alloys form a cubic crystal structure that gives them properties they would otherwise lack. Halfmetallic
Heusler alloys can be used in spintronic computers which are more energy efficient than current
computers. All Heusler alloys have the same chemical formula: X2YZ where X and Y are transition
metals and Z is an element from groups III-V. This project focuses on the properties of Ni2GaZr in its arcmelted
and annealed forms. The heat content and enthalpy of formation were measured using the results
of calorimeter tests. The crystal structure and lattice parameters were determined using an X-ray
diffractometer. The crystal structure was face centered cubic with a lattice parameter of 6.07 Å. The
density was measured using an Archimedes balance and compared to the density calculated from the
lattice parameter. The hardness of the annealed and arc-melted samples was determined using the Vickers
scale. Dilatometry testing was performed to determine the thermal expansion coefficient of Ni2GaZr.
Ni2GaZr is not magnetic at room temperature. The annealed and arc-melted samples were viewed with an
optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope. Ni2GaZr has a Heusler phase and a small amount
of Ni3Ga. The data will be compared to other Ni2YZ Heusler alloys.
I10
Improving the Design of a Dual Intermeshing Rotor Helicopter
Presenter(s)
Amir Safavi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Francisco Ruiz, Illinois Institute of Technology
People have always been fascinated by flight, and while the airplane allows people to fly, the helicopter
gives them flexibility in the air that the airplane cannot provide. However, helicopters are difficult to fly
and that is why the design of the dual intermeshing rotors was created. It makes it easier for the average
person to fly the helicopter. The work at Illinois Institute of Technology guided by professor Francisco
Ruiz focused on perfecting a design of this helicopter by working on a model helicopter. During the work,
the helicopter was redesigned for different gears. The parts for the helicopter were designed on Solid
Works and later machined at the local machine shop. Some of the aspects studied included special highoxygen
fuels, helicopter maintenance, aerodynamics, and helicopter flight. While the helicopter's rotors
did turn, it did not fly because the gears disengaged at high RPMs. The design was improved upon by
adding pieces to hold the gears in place.
90
I11
A Transimpedance Amplifier Under Cryogenic Temperatures
Presenter(s)
Robert Schurz, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Rene Padilla, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
In a superconducting radio frequency particle accelerator, such as that being developed at Fermilab, it is
often important to measure the amount of ionizing radiation emitted by particles due to Bremsstrahlung
and other effects in order to protect the accelerator from damage. Excessive exposure of machine
components to this type of radiation can result in a variety of failures. Cryogenic loss monitors
strategically located inside the machine cryostat help in the diagnosis. We designed and tested a key
component, a transimpedance amplifier, operational at cryogenic temperature as part of the loss monitor
diagnostic. Our study focuses on optimizing critical characteristics of this single supply circuit at liquid
nitrogen temperature such as frequency response, signal-to-noise ratio and bandwidth. We have optimized
a transimpedance amplifier at liquid nitrogen temperatures with a 6.6 pF capacitor, 10 MΩ resistor, and
2500 Hz bandwidth.
I12
Changing Cell Fate: A New Method to Treat Colon Cancer Without the Side Effects of
Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy
Presenter(s)
Hyun Jin Song, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Jennifer Zhang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Vitali Metlushko, University of Illinois at Chicago
The goal of this research, supported with new cancer cell biology, cellular biomechanics, and high
resolution biomedical imaging data, is to find whether different types of cancers can be cured without
using drugs, which often cause side effects. With our capabilities to reproduce the extracellular matrix
(ECM), we investigated how different kinds of ECM topographies affect cells' fate. One of our goals is to
make an ECM topography that could cure cancerous cells. Firstly, we used atomic force microscopy to
image cells in a liquid environment, a normal environment for living human cells. Secondly, we
employed state of the art electron beam lithography to fabricate ECM topographies that could be used to
test how cells grow and differentiate on them. We fabricated one to one topographies of four different
cancerous ECM stages, from normal to cancerous ECM. Finally, our colleagues from the UIC College of
Medicine tested the interactions and responses between different fabricated ECM topographies and
different cells ranging from normal to cancerous. Initial results demonstrated that fabricated ECM
topographies in fact influence the cell life. A possible extension to this experiment is to use ECM
topographies to influence the ultimate cell types that stem cells would become.
91
I13
IMSA Students' Motivations to use Electricity Generating Bikes
Presenter(s)
Kyle Stanevich, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Branson Lawrence, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
This investigation focused on building a bike that generates electricity so that IMSA students could use it.
A ten question survey was designed to study the motivations of IMSA students to go green and exercise
on the bike. Although not every IMSA student was able to utilize the bike, they could still take the survey
based on their motivation for exercising and going green in prior experiences. The bike was modified to
have pedals with a plywood flywheel attached directly to them, which turns a generator. Then the
electricity that is produced is stored in a battery, which is connected to an inverter, so that the battery
could charge a phone, iPod, or power anything else plugged into it. Overall, the process of building this
bike was challenging. The bike has two uses, a device for exercising and something that generates usable
electricity, which is why there are two completely separate motivations being studied in just one object.
Finally, there are economic advantages to having a bike like this, and it could find uses outside of just
testing, and household projects.
I14
Characterization and Manipulation of Nanorods via an Applied Magnetic Field
Presenter(s)
Summer Wu, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Vinayak Dravid, Northwestern University
Shih-Han Lo, Northwestern University
In recent years one-dimensional nanostructures have drawn considerable attention due to their potential
applications in electronics and therapeutics. In this study, a remote system capable of controlling the
motion of magnetic nanorods was created. Two different systems, electromagnets and magnetic stirrers,
were used to create continuously changing magnetic fields, thus applying a constant torque to make
nanorods rotate as nanostirbars. The system was tested on three different types of synthesized nanorods:
multi-segmented nickel/gold, pure nickel, and pure gold nanorods. Nickel and gold were chosen due to
the combination of the magnetic properties of nickel and the biocompatible properties of gold. Variables
such as length, shape, and geometries of the nanorods were characterized by a scanning electron
microscope and an atomic force microscope, and the composition of the nanorods was analyzed by energy
dispersive X-ray spectroscopy elemental analysis. The spinning motion of the nanorods was observed
through an optical microscope. It was concluded that while geometric variables did not impact the
spinning ability of the nanorods, composition was critical. Additionally, the synthesized fifty-fifty
nickel/gold nanorods had sufficient spinning force to perform as nanostirbars. These experiments
demonstrate a system capable of non-contact manipulation in solution at the nanoscale.
92
J01
"The One Sin the Gods Never Forgive Us is That of Being Born Women:" A Study of Women in
Popular Modern Fantasy
Presenter(s)
Brianna Collender, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Karolyn Stromdahl, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Adam Kotlarczyk, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Popular modern fantasy was read to study the changes that were based on gender of the characters.
Specifically focusing on female characters; the different aspects that can change for the characters were
authority, voice, and appearance. To discover these changes, five popular modern fantasy series' were
studied. The books were written by, J.R.R Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Le Guin, J.K. Rowling, P.C. Cast and
Kristen Cast. As time progressed in Britain and the United States, female characters gained authority,
developed more influential voices, and relied less on their physical appearances. In the earlier years
women had little authority, almost no voice, and were judged by their appearance. The study shows that
as the world progressed women are allowed a greater role in society, with rare exception. Popular modern
fantasy novels reflect this historical gender development with their characters growing as society is
changing throughout the decades.
K01
Comparing the Effectiveness of Natural and Chemical LaboratoryWaste Water Treatment
Methods: An International Collaborative Effort
Presenter(s)
Mitchell Bieniek, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Christopher Sartain, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Samuel Walder, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Glenn "Max" McGee, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Aracelys Rios, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Educational, scientific, and industrial institutions are dissuaded from using heavy metals in experiments
as the wastewater byproducts are too difficult and expensive to filter. Laboratory wastewater cannot be
rinsed down a sink, and introducing heavy metals into the environment has adverse effects. The
unavailability of safe, clean water for agriculture and consumption can force people with no alternatives
to use water that is contaminated with heavy metals. Working with student researchers at RDFZ High
School in China, we evaluated both biological treatment methods and chemical reactions for their
effectiveness in removing heavy metals and hydrocarbons including lead, cobalt, chromium, benzene, and
toluene from water. In addition, researchers at both sites created artificial wetlands to ascertain the
effectiveness of plants in purifying identical samples of laboratory wastewater. Our plants included
Eichornia crassipes and Typha domingensis while RDFZ students used Convolvulaceae, Cactaceae, and
Eichornia crassipes. While data on the comparative effectiveness of wetland plants are currently
inconclusive, chemical methods are more effective, but costlier, than natural methods in removing
pollutants. The most cost-effective filtration also uses a combination of chemical and natural methods.
This saves money while encouraging the development of wetlands near laboratory sites, making for
significant environmental advantages.
93
K02
The Plausibility of Creating Green Energy Farms From Blemished Crops
Presenter(s)
Ty Bottorff, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Kenzo Esquivel, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Olivia Legan, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Branson Lawrence, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
So many crops are wasted every year; even up to twenty percent of all watermelons are left in the field
due to blemishes, deformities, and bugs. These wasted crops are not sold to consumers merely due to
slight blemishes, so there is a true possibility for farms to become self-sustaining in terms of energy
simply by using these otherwise thrown out crops. We have investigated the plausibility of converting
blemished fruits (lemons, limes, oranges, and apples) into usable fuel through cutting, blending, straining,
diluting (so the yeast does not die from a high alcohol concentration), fermentation, and distillation of
these crops. We have created an ethanol that is 85% as effective as pure ethanol, calculated by comparing
the relative efficiency of our ethanol at heating water as compared to pure ethanol. We are also
investigating possible uses of leftover fibrous material from distillation, so all parts of blemished fruit
could be used to create a green farm. From these results, it is worthwhile for farms to set up fermentation
and distillation labs on site to convert otherwise wasted crops into fuel usable for farm equipment,
creating a self-sustaining farm.
K03
Energy Efficiency of Hand Dryers Compared to Paper Towels and Their Effect on Energy
Consumption on the IMSA Campus
Presenter(s)
Christina Cheng, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Harsha Jujjavarapu, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Branson Lawrence, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
This study compared the amount of energy consumed by the use of paper towels to the energy expended
when using heatless hand dryers. This data allowed us to make IMSA into a more energy-efficient, as
well as an increasingly energy conscious, campus. In this retrospective study, two Dyson Airblade hand
dryers were installed into the two bathrooms by the TV Pit. Using a Smart Meter, we calculated the
amount of energy expended by the hand dryers over a period of two weeks and compared this to the
energy required throughout the lifespan of a paper towel. The amount of energy consumed by the heatless
hand dryers was significantly less than the energy consumed by the paper towels as well as hand
dryers that used heated air. Since the energy consumed by the Dyson Airblade was significantly less, it is
expected that installing these hand dryers will be significantly cost efficient in the long term. These
results will be beneficial as they would convince IMSA administration to install more heat-less hand
dryers throughout the IMSA campus.
94
K04
The Optimization of Cellulosic Ethanol Production from Corn Stover, Mixed Prairie Plants, and
Switchgrass
Presenter(s)
Grace DiCecco, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Margaret Workman, DePaul University
Currently in the US, biomass fuel is produced from corn, a food source, and thus not a viable, long-term
replacement for fossil fuels. As an alternative, researchers are looking towards cellulosic ethanol.
However, questions regarding which non-food biomass to use and how to optimize the energy-intensive
process have arisen. This study looked at two variables: biomass type (corn stover, mixed prairie plants
and switchgrass) and mechanical pretreatment (grinding and chopping). The biomass was mechanically
and thermally pretreated, hydrolyzed with cellulase enzyme, and fermented with brewer's yeast. The
amount of cellulosic ethanol produced was then determined. Grinding the biomass produced significantly
more ethanol than chopping in all cases. In addition, the pretreatment method had significantly more of an
impact on the mixed prairie plants than the other plant types. Corn stover produced significantly more
ethanol per plot than the other plant types and switchgrass produced the least. Based on the results, corn
stover is the best option for the production of ethanol on a per plot basis. However, these results are based
on the first year planting of the crops and may change in subsequent years.
K05
The Potential of Vertical Farming
Presenter(s)
Logan Dodd, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Bryan Hoffman, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Sarah O'Leary-Driscoll, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
As human population increases many natural resources, including farmable land, are depleted. One
possible solution to the depletion of land is vertical farming. We assessed the feasibility of vertical
farming and its potential problems, and created a model using Google SketchUp that could solve these
problems. We found that our helical model was not only more efficient than the current vertical model,
but as it was based on a single surface, also solved problems brought about by the current layered model.
A notable feature of our model is that it is an entirely enclosed design, as flat land farms are susceptible to
the elements and pests. Our model is also unique as it is applicable to both rural and urban settings. We
grew corn on various angles and found that 50 degrees was the maximum for growth. This information
aided us in further developing our model. In evaluating efficiency, our calculations showed that for every
rotation in our helical model 301.5 square meters of usable land is created for farming. This means that
after two rotations, the design becomes twice as efficient as a conventional farm.
95
K06
Indices of Sustainability
Presenter(s)
Christian Fitzsimmons, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Michael Horn, Northwestern University
Property owners, politicians, and others have lately shown an interest in complete and dependable
information about environmentally friendly buildings to inform their decision making. There are a
number of different organizations attempting to supply this information in a useful format, but they all
have different methods and goals. Different rating systems, standards of "green-ness” and faulty data can
also make using this information very unreliable. The purpose of this paper is to analyze indexes
produced by two of these organizations (the Greenprint Carbon Index produced by the Greenprint
Foundation and the IPD Sustainable Property Index produced by the International Property Database),
determine which has the more appropriate or refined approach, and offer several suggestions for
improvement and expansion in the future.
K07
Acceleration and Expansion of Diversity in the Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy Prairie
Presenter(s)
Clare Leahy, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Elaina Zintl, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Donald Dosch, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
The Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy (IMSA) prairie was started in 1996; its first and only
burn was in the fall of 2010. We endeavor to foster the prairie and increase plant diversity, as well as
expand the prairie. We identified plants currently in the prairie and desired plants to add through field
guides and literature review. We also researched germination techniques and are currently germinating
plants to find which method works the best. We identified twenty-three plants in the prairie, experimented
with three germination techniques, and have determined where to plant our specific desired plants based
on water drainage maps, elevation maps, and other research. We planned and established a grid for our
current project and for further study of the prairie by future SIR researchers and students. We developed
the IMSA Prairie Field Guide, determined that the prairie should be expanded over the southeast hill, and
decided, based on our research, these plants should be introduced: blazing star, prairie dock, purple
coneflower, and rattlesnake master.
96
K08
The Efficiency of Green Roofs as a Method of Insulation for Urbanized Buildings
Presenter(s)
Ashwin Mitra, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Branson Lawrence, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Green roofs are a method of reducing the costs of insulation and internal temperature of a structure
through the use of greenery on roofs. I tested the effectiveness of green roofs as a method of insulation for
urbanized buildings. Based on the literature regarding green roofs, I built my own experimental green
roof models. I measured the internal temperature of the space located underneath the model's roof. I put
clay fertilizer potting mix, or planted a Lolium and Poa pratensis mix or Weihenstephaner gold in the
models to compare the effect of leaf size on the green roof efficiency. The models are placed in a green
room with a constant temperature specifically for the growth of plants. I predict the green roof model with
the most greenery to be the most effective due to a higher absorption of and defense against sunlight.
Results show the models with greenery to posses, on average, a lower temperature of about one degree
Celsius over the course of a one-week period. Findings will give scientific evidence of the insulating
properties of green roofs and the effect of leaf size on green roof efficiency.
K09
Determining Toxicity of Sediment in the North Shore Channel
Presenter(s)
Hyun Bin Park, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jean-Francois Gaillard, Northwestern University
The toxicity of metals in sediment can be determined by observing the bioavailability of metals. A metal
bound to a sulfide is non-toxic; if there exists more moles of sulfide than moles of metal in sample
sediment, one can assume that the sediment will be non-toxic. Using the simultaneously extracted metals
- acid volatile sulfide method (SEM-AVS method), one can determine the moles of zinc, copper, and lead
as well as the moles of sulfide in sediment. In this experiment, sediment from the North Shore Channel
was extracted at various locations to be checked for toxicity. We found variable levels of sulfide in
sediment as well as metals. The notably low sulfide data points were most likely due to the system's
exposure to oxygen during the SEM-AVS method. Based on the results of the moles of sulfide and metal,
we will determine the toxicity of the metals.
97
L01
Understanding Music Structure and Form with the Intent of Composing Music
Presenter(s)
Carol Gu, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Peter Dong, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
This investigation focuses on composing a piano piece that successfully builds and resolves tension by
manipulating the musical work's structure and form. The harmonic, melodic, rhythmic, and form analyses
of Classical and Romantic pieces were completed for the purpose of building a solid foundation on how
to recreate methods of building tension in a piece. By studying what has in the past achieved a musically
aesthetic sound, this gives the composer adequate background on how to write music. Harmonically, this
study explored chord progressions that build tension, cadences that resolve tension, and pivot chords or
cadences that transition the piece into another key. Melodically, contrasting themes were used to
emphasize tension and bring together the musical work as a whole. In addition, focus on counterpoint
allows the composer to flesh out a quality melody that matches the harmony. Rhythmically, the speed of
changing chord progressions creates motion within a piece, driving it progressively forwards to create
tension. Each of these factors is evident in the composition. These components work together to create an
aesthetic type of knowledge, presented in the form of an original musical piece.
L02
Original Analysis of Webern's Variations for Piano, Op. 27
Presenter(s)
Henry Ward, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Michael Keyton, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Mario Pelusi, Illinois Wesleyan University
Non-tonal music has influenced generations of composers since its inception in the early twentieth
century. Conventional music analysis techniques are generally ineffective when applied to non-tonal
music, and as such, pieces are often analyzed on a case-by-case basis. Certain standards apply when
analyzing non-tonal works, however. These standards provided the foundation for this analysis of Anton
Webern's Variations for Piano, Op. 27. No other analyses of Webern's works were consulted. Webern's
Op. 27 is a highly developed non-tonal piece, utilizing many standards of non-tonal music such as
symmetry and tone rows. It redefines the meaning of variation for use in non-tonal music in differing
ways throughout its three movements. It also retains elements of tonal form that serve to create a
complicated piece rich in contrast.
98
M01
French Colonial North America
Presenter(s)
Luis Gomez, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Claiborne Skinner, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
The presence of the French in North America has affected the history and characteristics of the areas in
which they once governed. The French developed a hybrid culture in the Americas based on a
combination of their native culture and attitudes and the culture of the new world. Unlike the English, the
French did not keep hold of their assets in the New World. To the inexpert eye, it may seem that the
French were incompetent and unintelligent in their decisions and attitudes in the New World. After
reading scholarly literature, the French motives and attitudes appear more logical, realistic, and even
extremely intelligent in regard to Quebec. The French had a small navy which was negligible compared to
the British and without a large navy overseas territories could be lost easily. This is why the French chose
not to send many settlers and as results of their low population in the New World they needed the Indians.
The small number of French made the fur trade the economy's center for the Indians harvested the pelts
and the French solely collected them. This investigation provided a new perspective of the actions and
attitudes of the French that contradicts popular assumptions.
M02
The Effect of the Arab Spring on Egypt's Government, Diplomatic Relations, and its Economy
Presenter(s)
Connor Kasch, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Robert Kiely, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Following the overthrow of the monarchy in 1952, Egypt has been a dictatorship. During much of the
Cold War, the Soviet Union was Egypt's main benefactor, but following the peace treaty between Israel
and Egypt in 1979, the United States has supported the Egyptian government and military with substantial
financial aid. As a consequence, Egypt became the cornerstone of U.S. diplomatic policy in the Middle
East. However, because of the recent civilian movement, the Arab Spring, the Egyptian people succeeded
in overthrowing the old regime and their president, Hosni Mubarak in February of 2011. The military,
who assisted them, took the role of the transitional government. The change in rule has presented many
questions about the future of the government and its position towards the West and Israel. The Muslim
Brotherhood emerged as the dominant party after Egypt's recent democratic elections. A more populist
government may negatively affect relations with Israel and its sponsor, the United States, upon which
Egypt's economy heavily relies. Primary documents, books, and news articles provided the background
knowledge and insight needed to understand the implications of the Arab Spring and allow for the
researcher to make predictions on the future of Egypt.
99
M03
The Rise and Fall of Great Powers
Presenter(s)
Mia Leckie, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Agnel Philip, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Claiborne Skinner, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Our goal in this investigation was to determine what factors and conditions led to the rise and subsequent
fall of great world powers. We then took these conditions and applied them to the present day. Our
ultimate goal was to figure out what the lifespan of the United States' reign as a world superpower would
end up being. Using a list of great powers that included the Chinese Empires, Roman Empire, British
Empire, Egyptian Empire, and many others, we compiled information of what contributed to the rise of
these powers. From this, we constructed a "rule book" for the rise of great powers. We included location,
competition, tolerance, and technological advancements in this rule book as necessary for the formation
of great power. While not an indicator that a great power will form, one cannot form without them. We
then turned our attention to what made these powers fall. As we examined this in the classical sense, we
determined that the greatest driving force behind this is the increase in the cost of war. However, we have
concluded that the transition from agrarian society to a capitalist industrial society in the last three
centuries has negated previous conceptions of great power.
M04
Post World War II German Identity, From Pride to Problem
Presenter(s)
Caitlin Walczyk, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Christian Nokkentved, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects that World War II had on German national identity,
and how most Germans currently view their country. In order to do this, a literature search was done, first
focusing on the period leading up to 1945 to establish the national identity prior to World War II. The
focus then shifted to events after World War II leading up to Germany today. The 2006 World Soccer
Cup matches increased the level of national pride of many German citizens and their identification with
their nation. It was concluded that after World War II, the pride that most Germans had in their country
decreased substantially, and for a significant period of time, Germans lost almost every aspect of national
identity. Through time, arguments were made in an attempt to create a new sense of identity; however,
even after unification, Germans continued to struggle with this issue, leading them to identify themselves
as European rather than German.
100
N01
An Analysis of the Death Penalty Worldwide
Presenter(s)
Jennifer Bailey, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Katia Colin, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Sandra Babcock, Northwestern University
Delphine Lourtau, Northwestern University
Since the mid-twentieth century, the number of countries retaining the death penalty has steadily
decreased. As of 2012, there are forty-four retentionist countries that institute the death penalty for a
variety of crimes, including but not limited to murder, rape, drug possession, and apostasy. In our
investigation, we worked with an online database, Death Penalty Worldwide, to analyze death penalty
trends throughout the world and over time. The relationships we found were compiled into graphics that
would allow those unfamiliar with the death penalty to become acquainted with the topic. Our figures
addressed issues such as the death penalty status of countries over time and geographically, countries with
a mandatory death penalty, and executions worldwide in 2010. Notable facts that can be observed from
the data include China's extremely high rate of executions, the Middle East's reluctance to abolish the
death penalty, and the United States' singularity as a retentionist country in North America. Our research
will be used in a fact sheet on the Death Penalty Worldwide website, which will educate readers about the
history and future of the death penalty.
N02
Criminal Minds?: A Psychological and Legal Analysis of the Insanity Plea's Credibility
Presenter(s)
Mindy Jian, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Heidi Warning, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Colin Miller, John Marshall Law School
The media often distorts the legal procedures faced by mentally ill criminals. In reality, these procedures
are much more complicated than their Hollywood counterparts. The aim of this investigation was to
clarify these misconceptions and further examine the validity of the insanity plea. Inquiry days were spent
at John Marshall Law School reviewing case files, reading books detailing the diagnosis and classification
of mental illnesses, and attending criminal law classes. We discovered that pleading not guilty by reason
of insanity presents some controversy. From a legal standpoint, a guilty party may use this plea as a
loophole to receive lesser punishment than deserved. Alternatively, from a psychological perspective,
mental illnesses are perfectly capable of crippling people's mental state to the point where they are no
longer responsible for their actions, calling for treatment rather than punishment. However, psychologists
can only qualitatively assess mental illness. This means that legal procedures regarding such cases must
allow for subjectivity, and there is no completely objective method of defining various levels of mental
degradation. The study mentioned examines the efficacy of our judicial system in dealing with such
delicate issues, as the wrong standards could lead to false incarceration of innocent citizens.
101
O01
Educating the World with Game Theory
Presenter(s)
Austin Gonzalez, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Erik Luo, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Namrata Pandya, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Game theory is a mathematical field that was first discussed in a letter pertaining to a game of cards in
1714 and has since grown into a complex system of theorems and conclusions. This field can be used to
settle disputes as simple as the prisoner's dilemma to situations as complex and delicate as the Cuban
missile crisis. We researched and reviewed scholarly literature to understand the fundamental game
theoretical concepts before creating a website to help teach others. The driving focus of our investigation
has evolved from linking game theory with computer science into an educational endeavor. Using
Hypertext Markup Language, JavaScript, and other web technologies, we have designed a functioning
website which demonstrates mathematical and computer science concepts. Over myriad iterations, our
work led to an editable payoff table of arbitrary size, real-life scenarios that apply to game theory, and
implicitly-defined browser-based functions for finding mixed strategies and Nash equilibria. Our work
will be made publicly available on the IMSA web server for anyone to utilize our site and learn game
theoretical concepts. The website's goal is to demonstrate how game theory can be an effective, holistic
approach to solving any problem.
O02
2- ε Devils Trap an Angel of Power 2
Presenter(s)
David Wang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Mark Fischler, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
The Angel Problem is a number theoretical game first proposed by John Conway in 1982 and is played on
an infinite chess board. In the game, an angel of power n moves n consecutive squares in distance per turn
while p devils attempt to trap it on a finite area of the board by permanently blocking p squares per turn.
With 2-ε devils, we formulate a series of blocked square formations called glides, slides, spikes, and drifts
that force an angel that specifically moves like a knight to travel around the perimeter of a finite square
board, trapping it within. The glides and slides force the angel to travel in one direction indefinitely while
the spikes cause it to turn ninety degrees in its trajectory. We find that two devils is sufficient to trap a
knight-angel and calculate a range of board sizes for which this strategy is possible. Also, by defining the
game for non-integer number of devils, we investigate the possibility of trapping the knight-angel with 2-
ε devils, where ε is between zero and one.
102
P01
Effect of Chemically-Induced Hypoxia on the Metastasis of High Nitric Oxide Adapted and Parent
Cancer Cell Microenvironments
Presenter(s)
Courtney Amegashie, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Kim Elseth, University of Illinois at Chicago
James Radosevich, University of Illinois at Chicago
Benjamin Vesper, University of Illinois at Chicago
Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-lived free radical known for its activity in oncogenesis and tumor growth. As
tumor volume increases, it grows faster than its supporting vasculature, resulting in hypoxic conditions in
the solid tumor mass. To encourage oxygen homeostasis in this microenvironment, the tumor utilizes
hypoxia-inducible factor 1- α (HIF-1α), a molecular regulator known for promoting an invasively
aggressive phenotype in the tumor. Given the role of HIF-1α in tumor aggressiveness, this study sought to
analyze the effects of varying concentrations of the hypoxia mimetic, cobalt chloride, on the migration
velocities of several high nitric oxide (HNO) adapted cell lines. Using a standard in vitro scratch assay
with cobalt chloride-enriched media, cell migration velocities were measured in units of pixels per hour.
Results suggest that HNO cells have metastatic rates that are greater than or equal to those of the
analogous, unadapted parent cell line, depending on the concentration of cobalt chloride. These findings
support the hypothesis that HNO cells are more metastatic than the parent cell line in hypoxic
environments. Future work will focus on validating the aggressive behavior of the HNO cell lines towards
a chemotactic source in an in vitro model.
103
P02
The Effect of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Chemotaxis on the Metastasis of Cancer Cell
Microenvironments
Presenter(s)
Courtney Amegashie, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Kim Elseth, University of Illinois at Chicago
James Radosevich, University of Illinois at Chicago
Benjamin Vesper, University of Illinois at Chicago
Nitric oxide is a free radical known for its role in cancerous tumor growth and metastasis. After several
experiments in an in vitro scratch assay, nitric oxide has been observed to be a causative factor of
metastatic aggressiveness in cancerous cells. With a primary function of promoting tissue growth, insulinlike
growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a hormone similar to pancreas-produced insulin, but much more potent. In
the in vitro environment, IGF-1 promotes cellular movement towards the area of highest IGF
concentration. Given the role of IGF-1 in the chemotaxis of cancer cells, this study sought to analyze the
metastatic effects of this chemical on high nitric oxide (HNO) adapted cell lines. Utilizing an in vitro
comparative agarose dot assay with control (no IGF-1) and IGF-1 enriched dots, the metastatic
aggressiveness of cells towards the chemotactic source was measured. Results confirmed the positive
roles of IGF-1 and high levels of nitric oxide on the metastatic aggressiveness of cancerous cells. These
findings support the hypothesis that motility towards a chemotactic source is greater in HNO adapted
cancer cell lines than in their corresponding non-adapted (parent) cell lines. Future work will focus on
confirming these findings in other in vitro models.
104
P03
The Effect of Ccl22 on Regulatory T Cells and Skin Depigmentation in Mice
Presenter(s)
Wendy Bindeman, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jonathan Eby, Loyola University
Hee-Kap Kang, Loyola University
Caroline Le Poole, Loyola University
Vitiligo is a skin depigmentation disorder that occurs when autoimmune T cells destroy melanocytes.
Previous research has demonstrated that regulatory T cells (Tregs), which modulate T cell responses, are
present in reduced numbers in vitiligo skin. This study investigates the role of chemokine (C-C motif)
ligand 22 (Ccl22) in the migration of Tregs to the skin and its effect on depigmentation. C57BL/6 wildtype
mice were DNA vaccinated with optimized Trp1 to induce depigmentation and with either Ccl22 or
empty vector (EV). A spontaneously depigmenting mouse model, h3TA2, was vaccinated with either
Ccl22 or EV. Depigmentation was measured by imaging, and the expression of Ccl22 and various cell
markers was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. C57BL/6 mice showed no significant difference in
depigmentation (n=10). Male h3TA2 mice showed significant differences in depigmentation (n=12).
Immunohistochemistry using h3TA2 tissue showed increased Ccl22, interleukin 2 receptor, alpha chain
(CD25), and chemokine receptor 4 (Ccr4) and decreased Vb12 in Ccl22-vaccinated mice (n=4) compared
to EV-vaccinated mice (n=4). The data suggest that Ccr4 cells, including Tregs, migrated to the region,
while the number of Vb12-expressing effector T cells decreased. This study suggests that Ccl22 treatment
may be an effective therapy for human vitiligo.
P04
Qualitative Assessment of Modern Dental Products
Presenter(s)
Seth Butcher, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Dean Lodding, Smiles for Life Dental
Modern dental product companies are constantly competing for your attention. Such companies have
become adept at selling their product as superior or exceptional, but give little supporting evidence. This
investigation examined several modern products, centered on consumer use for applicability, to gain some
insight on which, if any, products are actually superior to one another. The focus of this SIR was
primarily at the chemical and mechanical interactions of products such as xylitol, numerous pain killers,
and personal care products including toothpaste and mouthwash. Substantial insight on personal oral care
can be used to adjust your own dental products in order to improve dental health. While this investigation
did not produce a complete list of ideal oral healthcare products, the attributes that would compose such
items are discussed in detail. Topics to be discussed include eliminating as much pain as chemically
possible from your dental experiences, using xylitol to prevent cavities, and which products actually
provide the services they advertise. Ideally, one would be able to choose the best products for their own
dental and dietary plan, enhancing their oral health through minimal, but effective changes.
105
P05
An Assessment of the Benefits of a Spinal Surgery Simulator on the Learning and Growth of
Neurosurgical Residents
Presenter(s)
Alice Chang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Jiachen Wang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Aruna Ganju, Northwestern University
In many disciplines, the use of simulators has been shown to decrease the learning curve, increase time
efficiency, and provide a safe environment for students to learn a task. Although various medical fields
utilize simulators, in the field of neurological surgery, simulation is in its infancy. The value and benefit
of simulation has not yet been universally accepted, yet prior work suggests that simulation can increase
surgeons' skills and patient safety. A needs assessment was completed regarding the utility of a
neurosurgical simulator. In addition, a video-based tutorial of a cervical laminectomy was produced for
translation to a virtual simulator. A ten question survey regarding the use of surgical simulators was
distributed to the physicians in the Department of Neurological Surgery at Northwestern University. A 42
percent response rate was achieved. The majority of the participants agreed that the experience gained
from a surgical simulator would be applicable to neurosurgery. This suggests that neurosurgical
simulators would be beneficial in increasing surgeons' skills to provide patient safety. Further work needs
to be done to develop virtual simulators for neurosurgical use.
P06
Reducing Radiation from Diagnosing Patients with Suspected Ischemic Stroke
Presenter(s)
Ajay Chatrath, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Arun Jagannathan, Riverside Medical Center
Although computer tomography (CT) scans are useful for diagnosing illnesses, there is increasing concern
of overuse throughout the United States, resulting in unnecessary radiation exposure to patients. CT scans
performed for suspected ischemic stroke in the emergency room are especially overused, since most of
these scans are ordered in sets of three or five. Data from eighty-one patients who received magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) or a set of CT scans for suspected ischemic stroke was filtered in Excel based
on age, scan used, and scan results. There was no statistical difference between the CT cerebral vascular
accident (CVA) protocol, consisting of three CT scans, and the CT CVA advanced protocol, consisting of
five CT scans. Although CT scan results can be obtained almost immediately, MRI results take one hour
to obtain. However, MRI results were far more effective at diagnosing ischemic stroke than CT scans.
The results suggest that the CT CVA protocol can replace the CT CVA advanced protocol for patients
with serious symptoms, whereas the MRI could replace the CT CVA protocol for diagnosing patients
with minimal symptoms.
106
P07
Associations Between HIV Susceptibility and Mutations in the Vif-Associated APOBEC3G
Proteasomal Complex
Presenter(s)
Kevin Chong, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Jackson Michuda, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Sudhir Penugonda, Northwestern University
A differential advantage in responding to HIV/AIDS is associated with differences in the genetic
determinants of immunity to HIV infection. HIV presents multiple functional accessory proteins, which
interact with host machinery to improve pathogenicity. Viral infectivity factor (Vif) is well described as
protecting HIV virions from human APOBEC3G (hA3G) hypermutation via a host-derived, multiprotein
proteasomal complex. Our experiment is a genetic interrogation of the Vif-associated hA3G degradation
complex to examine the effects of host genetic polymorphisms in HIV replication and susceptibility to
infection. We have conducted a population-based study of high-risk men enrolled in a well-described
longitudinal cohort. We have used a combination of bioinformatics and genomics approaches to identify
genetic polymorphisms in genes encoding proteins involved in Vif-associated hA3G degradation. We
have exploited high-throughput, microarray-based genotyping for rapid analysis of genetic variants, and
examine associations with infection and disease progression phenotypes.
P08
A Literature-Based Study on Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Presenter(s)
Breanna Dachsteiner, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Sowmya Anjur, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Although research on the disease adolescent idiopathic scoliosis has exploded in the past ten years, very
few people know of the disease and its implications. This disorder primarily affects the body by creating
an irregular curvature of the spine. In this study, an investigation was done focusing on the disease itself,
incorporating the diagnosis, treatment, and possible causation of the irregular spinal curvature, by
analyzing scholarly research articles and informative databases. Through my research, I learned that the
Risser Grade and Adam's Bend Forward test are primarily used to diagnose the patient. Also, I researched
the treatments for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, including bracing and spinal fusion which are the most
effective treatments for different degree of curvatures. Furthermore, although the causation of the disorder
hasn't been found, my research also included possible originations that have been discussed in the medical
world. In conclusion, adolescent idiopathic scoliosis has gained more attention in the scientific world, but
there is still much to learn about this debilitating disease.
107
P09
Investigating Beta-Catenin and Calretinin as Possible Markers for Recurrence or Transformation
of Glioneuronal Tumors in Pediatric Patients
Presenter(s)
Sonya Dave, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Veena Rajaram, Children's Memorial Hospital
Recent studies have suggested beta-catenin and calretinin as possible markers of transformation or
recurrence of tumors in pediatric patients. In one study, mutations in beta-catenin a cytoplasmic protein,
leading to its accumulation in the nuclei and cytoplasm, were linked to increased likelihood of malignant
tumor tissue transformation. Another study found calretinin, a calcium-binding protein, in rapidly
proliferating carcinoma cells. An additional investigation suggested calretinin mRNA as a marker in
differentiated cells. These suggest that its presence may be a marker of neoplastic transformation.
However, previous research has not been conducted to link the presence of either protein to recurrence or
transformation of glioneuronal tumors (GNTs) to malignant form. Our study compared beta-catenin and
calretinin expression on thirty-four pediatric samples of various GNTs, including gangliogliomas,
dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors, and desmoplastic infantile gangliogliomas. Mann-Whitney
analyses found no statistically significant difference between the expression patterns of these markers in
tumors with or without transformation or recurrences (p>.05, 95% degree of certainty required). These
results bring focus to and provide a better understanding of potential markers and characteristics of GNTs.
In addition, these findings may pave the way for future studies investigating GNTs.
108
P10
Institutional Review Board Unanticipated Problems Involving Risks to Subjects or Others Reports
Lack Sufficient Information to Determine Causality
Presenter(s)
Annie Guo, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Steven Belknap, Northwestern University
Debra Gibson Tice, Northwestern University
Dennis West, Northwestern University
Unanticipated problems involving risks to subjects or others (UPIRSOs) are federally mandated to be
reported to the Institutional Review Board (IRB). However, an investigator's determination of causality is
not typically confirmed using a validated causality assessment method. The objective of this study is to
determine whether UPIRSO reports include adequate information for causality assessment using the
Naranjo algorithm, a validated causality assessor. The items of the ten question Naranjo algorithm
estimate the chance of the event being an adverse drug event within four different categories: highly
probable (score >8), probable (score of 5-8), possible (score of 1-4), and doubtful (score <1). We
assessed 125 de-identified reports for causality based on the Naranjo algorithm, and the principal
investigator’s (PI) and sponsor's assessment of causality. Our results showed that UPIRSO reports
answered a median of 2/10 Naranjo questions. Of the UPIRSO reports, 83/125 (66.4%) did not provide a
PI's assessment and 40/125 (32%) did not provide a sponsor's assessment. The mean calculated Naranjo
score was 2.8 (range of 1-7). Our results show that causality determination by the IRB, PI, and sponsor all
lack sufficient detail to assess causality a majority of the time. Knowing the adequacy of information
reported to the IRB could shorten delays in safety information with drugs and advance the protection of
human subjects by providing accurate determinations of drug causality.
P11
Comparison in the Need for Resuscitation in Spontaneous Vaginal Births Versus Cesarean Sections
Presenter(s)
Rachel Hermes, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Richard Kampanatkosol, Loyola University
Jonathan Muraskas, Loyola University
Currently, the incidence of resuscitation is expected to be higher in routine Cesarean deliveries versus
routine vaginal deliveries. This study reviews the incidence of resuscitation required for infants born at
greater than 37 weeks gestation, delivered by spontaneous vaginal delivery versus routine Cesarean
section, to determine the necessity of a high-risk delivery team at routine Cesarean sections. There will be
a retrospective chart review of all infants born at greater than 37 weeks gestation at Loyola University
Medical Center from 2008-2011. APGAR scores and the number of resuscitations were analyzed for each
mode of delivery. There are 2,503 recorded infants that were born between 2008 and 2011. Of these, 892
were born via Cesarean section and 1,638 were born via vaginal birth. The incidences of resuscitation still
need to be determined. In review of this data, we hope to find that the incidence of resuscitation in term
Cesarean sections is no greater than vaginal births. As a result, they would make attendance of routine
Cesarean sections by a high risk team unnecessary, making a significant difference towards the cost of
health care.
109
P12
Exploring the Relationship Between Metabolic Acid-Base Status and the Number of Apnea,
Bradycardia, and Desaturation Alarms in Infants 27-32 Weeks Gestation in the First Two Weeks of
Life
Presenter(s)
Rae Hohle, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Aditi Warhekar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Patricia Hummel, Loyola University
Apnea of prematurity and metabolic acidosis are common in preterm neonates. Metabolic acidosis is
commonly corrected, but it is unknown to what degree it should be and whether doing so would affect the
severity of apnea, bradycardia, and desaturation alarms. In order to determine whether a relationship
between metabolic acid-base status and apnea of prematurity in infants 27-32 weeks gestation in the first
two weeks of age for infants born in 2010 existed, charts of thirty-eight babies born at Loyola University
Medical Center were reviewed for pH, PCO2, bicarbonate, base excess/base deficit, and sodium
bicarbonate levels, as well as bradycardia, apnea, and desaturation alarms, each for the first fourteen days
of life. Using this data, a correlation was run, with the intent of finding a possible connection between
these factors. Significantly positive correlations were found between bicarbonate levels and desaturation
alarms and total number of alarms. A significantly negative correlation was found between pH and
bradycardia alarms. These correlations support the hypothesis that there is a relationship between acidbase
status and the number of monitor alarms. However, before reaching a conclusion, more in-depth and
detailed studies should be conducted.
P13
The Stimulatory Effect of Atractylodiol on the Spontaneous Contractility of Rat Distal Colon
Presenter(s)
Eun Ji Jeong, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
KyuYong Jung, Wonkwang University
The effect of atractylodiol (ATD), a main component in Atractylodes japonica, is traditionally used for
improving the declined gastrointestinal motility on the spontaneous contractility of rat distal colon, and
was examined using an isometric transducer. In a cumulative dose-response of ATD in the rat distal
colon, both the amplitude and tension of longitudinal smooth muscle of the distal colon had significantly
increased whereas only the amplitude of the circular smooth muscle increased significantly. Under
constant molarity of ATD (10-6M), the longitudinal muscle contractility gradually increased for 90
minutes. Even with L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester, a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, the amplitude
of ATD-induced longitudinal muscle contractility increased significantly (p<0.05). However, S-nitroso-
N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine, a NO donor, decreased both the amplitude and tension of ATD-induced
longitudinal muscle contractility significantly (p<0.01). Similarly, adenosine 5'-[beta-thio] diphosphate, a
selective P2Y receptor agonist, significantly attenuated both the amplitude and tension. These data
suggest that ATD plays an important role in contractility of rat distal colon. Further studies should test
whether ATD affects the contractility of intestine greater than diacetyl-atractylodiol.
110
P14
Defining the Sleep and Cardio-Metabolic Phenotypes of Individuals with Age-Related Insomnia
Presenter(s)
Vignessh Kumar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Hrayr Attarian, Northwestern University
Roneil Malkani, Northwestern University
Kathryn Reid, Northwestern University
Chronic sleep disturbance is reported by nearly 50% of the elderly population, and insomnia is more
prevalent and severe in older adults as compared to other age groups. Although all types of insomnia
increase with age, sleep maintenance insomnia and early morning awakening are particularly common.
The overall aim is to define the sleep and cardio-metabolic phenotypes of individuals with the most
common types of age-related insomnia (such as sleep maintenance insomnia, sleep-initiation insomnia,
and early morning awakening insomnia). Objective and self-reported measures of sleep and metabolic
function were assessed in older adults with insomnia and compared to age, gender, race, and body-mass
index matched controls without insomnia. These measures were quantified using data such as blood
pressure, glucose and insulin levels, dyslipidemia, inflammation markers, and time and quality spent
sleeping during certain key stages of sleep. Patients with insomnia and controls without insomnia were
brought in from the Chicago Heart Association. Initial data has shown a lower quality of sleep and higher
cardio-metabolic phenotypes based on increased blood pressure, insulin levels, dyslipidemia, and
inflammation markers and a lower time and quality of sleep, based on sleep fragmentation, total sleep
time, and rapid eye movement sleep time. However, more patients must be tested to confirm result
accuracy.
111
P15
Thymoquinone Inhibits Cigarette Smoke Extract Induced Invasiveness of Cultured Cervical
Cancer Cells
Presenter(s)
Shelly Li, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Kenneth Alexander, University of Chicago
Previous experiments in the Alexander Lab showed that cigarette smoke extract (CSE) upregulates the
protein complex NF-κB. NF-κB stabilizes the E6 oncogene, which in turn drives the degradation of the
p53 tumor suppressor. We hypothesized that CSE-mediated activation of NF-κB will lead to increased
invasiveness of cancer cells in a standard invasion assay, and that the increase in invasiveness is mediated
at least in part through the effects of E6-mediated reductions in expression of the p53 tumor suppressor.
We also hypothesized that pharmacologic modulation of NF-κB activity can be used to decrease cell
invasiveness through interference with the activation of NF-κB. SiHa cells were treated with different
doses of CSE and their invasiveness in the BioCoatTM MatrigelTM invasion chamber was assessed. To
modulate NF-κB, thymoquinone, a known inhibitor of NF-κB activation, was added to the cultured cancer
cells in the presence and absence of CSE. The results showed that the CSE levels of 0.5% and 0.3%
increased invasiveness of cancer cells and that this effect was inhibited by thymoquinone. We also found
that p53 expression was essential for the thymoquinone-mediated reduction in cell invasion. These results
supported our hypothesis that CSE-induced cancer cell invasiveness is mediated by NF-κB and by an
increase in p53 expression. Our data also suggests that inhibition of NF-κB activation could be used
therapeutically to prevent cigarette smoke related cancer.
P16
Effect of Laser Photocoagulation Therapy on the General Morphology of Mouse Retina
Presenter(s)
Xiaoyu Li, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Xiaorong Liu, Northwestern University
To test possible treatments for glaucoma, a consistent animal model is needed that simulates the damage
due to increased intraocular pressure caused by glaucoma. Translimbal laser treatment has been used to
damage the trabecular network of mice to simulate the blockage of aqueous humor, but the side effects
and unintentional damage to the retina due to the procedure have not been extensively studied. Healthy
wild type mice were euthanized using Euthasol, and then perfused with phosphate buffered saline and 4%
paraformaldehyde solution. Whole eyes were enucleated, sectioned, and stained using standard
immunostaining protocol with Pou4f1 and Pou4f2 antibodies. The slides were then imaged using an
inverted light microscope. Preliminary trials of the protocol have confirmed the expected result of the
procedure, specific staining of the retinal ganglion cells corresponding to the two antibodies. Ultimately,
this protocol will be conducted with von Willebrand's and fibroblast growth factor antibodies on both
laser treated and control mice to stain for inflammation and damage to the neural tissue.
112
P17
Characterizing Recent Patent Activity Related to Diagnostic Genetic Testing
Presenter(s)
Daniel Matthews, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Douglas Zhu, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Brandon Pierce, University of Chicago
Single Nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are variants in DNA occurring when a single nucleotide differs
from the usual DNA sequence. We have catalogued patents that protect the right to test the SNP that
causes an increased risk for developing the disease. In our investigation, we sought to catalog patents that
protect the right to test for genetic variants that have been discovered using genome-wide association
studies (GWAS). In addition to this, we also categorized patents based on factors such as ownership
(public versus private, U.S. versus international), type of disease the patent is focused on, and track the
trend of issued patents over time (number per year). We have discovered that the most common diseases
are age-related macular degeneration and myocardial infarction. Also, we found out that there are more
privately owned patents than publicly owned, and that the number of patents issued has increased every
year since 2008. Since gene patenting is very controversial, policy-makers need to be aware of the patent
activity related to genetic testing. Our research will lay the foundation for future investigations for patents
on genetic testing.
P18
Controlling the Release and Targeting Kinetics to Cancer Cells of a Folic Acid-Targeted Delivery
System
Presenter(s)
Tahir Mohideen, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Seungpyo Hong, University of Illinois at Chicago
Suhair Sunoqrot, University of Illinois at Chicago
Current chemotherapeutic drugs kill specified regions of human cells in order to destroy cancerous cells.
As a result, they can unintentionally destroy healthy cells as well. Previously, it has been shown that
several types of cancers overexpress the folic acid (FA) receptor (FR). For this reason, FA has been
employed as a tumor targeting agent in anticancer drug delivery systems. In order to improve the
targeting efficiency and release rate of drug carriers, FA was attached to polyamidoamine dendrimers,
which were then encapsulated into polyethyleneglycol–poly-L-lactic acid copolymers to produce hybrid
nanoparticles (NPs). FA-targeted NPs were tested for their targeting efficiency in FA receptor (FR)-
overexpressing KB cells using a fluorescence microscope. It is expected that the encapsulated dendrimer-
FA conjugates will show a slower rate of receptor targeting compared to the unencapsulated conjugates,
by controlling the release of the dendrimers. This will serve as a starting point for incorporating a
chemotherapeutic drug such as methotrexate into the system. Drug-containing NPs will be further tested
in terms of toxicity to cancer cells and targeting efficiency in vitro and in animals.
113
P19
Priming of Alveolar Macrophages by Lipopolysaccharides Augments Inflammatory Response
When Stimulated by Anthrax Lethal Toxin
Presenter(s)
Viveka Patel, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Irena Levitan, University of Illinois at Chicago
Johnson Thomas, University of Illinois at Chicago
Macrophages upon stimulation by anthrax lethal toxin (LeTx), a major virulent factor of B. anthracis,
secrete a pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1β (IL-1β). LeTx and lipopolysacchride (LPS) induce
activation of Kir and Kv, the two K channels expressed in mouse macrophages and blocking these
channels inhibits IL-1β release. Priming macrophages overnight with a low dose of LPS exhibits a twofold
increase in IL-1β release upon 1 hour LeTx challenge compared to unprimed macrophages. We
observed a corresponding increase in Kir/Kv activation in primed macrophages. We propose that in
primed macrophages LPS-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation plays a role in K channel
activation. Channel activation was recorded by whole cell patch-clamp and IL-1β release was measured
by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To measure ROS-induced K channel activation, cells were
exposed to H2O2 (a ROS molecule) with or without ROS scavenger manganese(III) tetrakis(1-methyl-4-
pyridyl)porphyrin (MnTmPyp). H2O2 alone stimulates K channels. Repression of ROS by MnTmPyp
inhibits K channel activation, implying ROS's function in K channel stimulation. MnTmPyp used in
combination with LPS (a ROS generator) prevented K channel activation as compared to LPS alone.
LeTx or LPS alone is sufficient to activate Kchannels and IL-1β release. We conclude that LPS-generated
ROS may be a priming method of Kchannel function and IL-1β release.
114
P20
Tumor-Associated Mastocytosis in Human Ulcerative Colitis Leading to Colon Cancer
Presenter(s)
Saieesh Rao, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Mohammad Khan, Northwestern University
Khashayarsha Khazaie, Northwestern University
Mast cells play many roles that would theoretically benefit tumor growth; they release vasodilators
(histamine) and blood anticoagulants (heparin), as well as angiogenic factors and proteases, which would
increase nutrient flow to an emergent tumor. In the case of gastrointestinal cancers, elevated mast cell
populations in the tissue have been associated with cancer growth and development. The stratification of
healthy epithelium is disrupted in dysplastic tissue, which poses the question of whether mast cells
contribute to tissue remodeling. In this study, we examined the number of mast cells in the colonic
mucosa and submucosa at multiple stages of cancer development, ranging from healthy tissue to
malignant neoplasia, by utilizing an alkaline phosphatase stain for a mast cell specific tryptase. We also
examined inflammation by performing a chloroacetate esterase protocol to detect tumor-infiltrating mast
cells as well as granulocytes. Initial analysis showed increased inflammation in dysplastic and neoplastic
tissue and a steady increase in mast cell counts that paralleled cancer progression. However,
reclassification of tissue samples has resulted in smaller sample sizes and a loss of statistical significance.
Further trials are required and ongoing to ensure the statistical significance of these results.
P21
Comparing Invasive and Non-Invasive Blood Pressure Recordings in Premature Patients Less than
Thirty Seven Weeks Gestational Age with Diagnosis of Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Presenter(s)
Brooke Ray, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Cristina Vega, Loyola University
The current belief in neonatology is that infants who have a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) will present
clinically with the classic signs of widened pulse pressure >25 mm Hg, a continuous machinery-like
systolic murmur, bounding pulses, and a prominent precordial pulse. We collected data on all premature
infants born <37 weeks gestational age at Loyola University Medical Center's Neonatal Intensive Care
Unit between the years 2008 and 2010, to analyze widened pulse pressure. A total of 299 infants were
analyzed; 164 had a PDA and 135 did not have a PDA confirmed by an echocardiogram in the first seven
days of life. All the infants had their systolic and diastolic blood pressures and pulse pressures recorded
for the first seven days of life through both invasive and non-invasive methods of blood pressure
collection. At this time, all of the data has been collected; however, a statistical analysis has not yet been
finished, leaving the result of this project unclear. The demographics also have been recorded, but an
analysis of the various components still needs to be completed. The data analysis will reveal whether or
not widened pulse pressures are a sign of PDA in premature babies.
115
P22
Role of Foxc1 and Foxc2 in Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells to Vascular Endothelial Cells
Presenter(s)
Mahendra Reddy, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Anees Fatima, Northwestern University
Tsutomu Kume, Northwestern University
Previous studies have suggested that Foxc1 and Foxc2 transcription factors play a role in cardiovascular
development. However it is not clear if these transcription factors play any role in specification and
differentiation of vascular endothelial cells. Mouse embryonic stem cells (mES) were used to establish an
in vitro model of vascular endothelial differentiation on collagen IV. Flk-1 positive cells mES cells,
which we studied for the Foxc1 and Foxc2, were sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Foxc1 and
Foxc2 were either over expressed or knockdown using siRNA oligonucleotides in Flk-1 sorted cells.
Vascular endothelial differentiation related gene expression was quantified by qPCR. In the over
expressed and knockdown samples the expression of both arterial and venous differentiation related
markers were compared. The Foxc1 knockdown showed a suppression of both EfnB2 (arterial) and
EphB4 (venous) markers, and over expression of Foxc1 showed an increased expression of EfnB2 and
EphB4. However the knockdown of Foxc2 suppressed EfnB2. The over expression of Foxc2 increased
expression of both EfnB2 and EphB4. Preliminary results of over expression and knockdown of the
Foxc1 and Foxc2 transcription factors in Flk-1 mES cells indicate that these transcription factors might
play a role in specification of vascular endothelial cells. However further investigations are necessary to
confirm these results.
P23
Characterization of Liver-Detargeted Oncolytic Adenoviruses
Presenter(s)
Ross Skelly, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Prem Seth, North Shore University Health System Research Institute
The transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) cellular pathway controls normal cell growth and
proliferation in healthy cells. In late-stage cancers, it promotes tumor progression and metastasis of the
cancerous cells to bones. While the dl01/07 mutant adenovirus used in previous experiments has inhibited
tumor progression by targeting the TGFβ pathway, body scans of mice indicate the virus also accumulates
in the liver, causing toxicity. We replaced hexon 5 in the viral DNA with hexon 48. Therefore, the
adenoviruses should not bind to factor X, a clotting agent in the blood which acts as a bridge for the
adenoviruses to accumulate in the liver. After these adenoviruses were created, Western blots,
sulforhodamine B (SRB) assays, and mouse experiments were performed to examine the effect of the new
adenoviruses on cancer cell lines and mouse livers. Western blots and SRB assays indicated that the
ability of the modified adenoviruses to inhibit tumor progression and bone metastasis were not
significantly different from the non-modified adenoviruses. Additionally, mouse experiments indicated
that modified adenoviruses did not accumulate to toxic levels in the livers of cancerous mice. Alanine
aminotransferase levels in the bloodstreams of mice confirmed that modified adenoviruses were not toxic
to mouse livers.
116
P24
The Effect of Cardiac Reoperation on Ventricular Function
Presenter(s)
Nicholas Srivastava, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jia Raman, Rush University Medical Center
In recent times, heart failure has increased its presence in our medical lives. While the instance of cardiac
surgery increases in this country to respond to this epidemic, the likelihood that a patient will undergo
multiple thoracic operations in his lifetime increases as well. The rising amount of reoperative surgeries,
especially coronary artery bypass grafting, and valve replacement surgery, has contributed to this. It is
hoped that this study helps link the risk of reoperation with postoperative physical effects as well. A body
of four-hundred cardiac patients, who received operations at Rush Medical Center during a ten year
period were chosen. Using the eResearch program of the Velos Company, they were separated by their
history of previous interventions, and the nature of these interventions. This was then compared to the
ejection fractions, which were used as a uniform measure of ventricular function. Reoperative valve
replacement has not been shown to decrease function. Understanding the potential effects of cardiac
reoperation on overall ventricular function would help guide patients and surgeons towards beneficial
decisions in both the immediate and long term future.
P25
HIV: The Trojan Horse
Presenter(s)
Adekore Taiwo, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Minh Dinh, Northwestern University
HIV is a life threatening virus of endemic proportions that destroys cells bearing the CD4 receptor.
Understanding how HIV enters the cell would allow scientists to derive an effective means to eradicate
the resulting syndrome, AIDS. This investigation studies the effectiveness through which different strains
of HIV enter the epithelia of abdominal and facial skin. Tissue samples extracted from humans were
sliced and put on a slide. The tissue was then stained using florescent antibodies which attached to CD4
T-cells, Langerhans cells, filaggrin protein, and tight junction complexes. Using an imaging microscope,
pictures were taken of isolated areas of epithelia. The cell structures and total HIV virions were counted.
This was followed by measuring the distances between the cell structures and epithelial surfaces. Results
show there is a significant difference (p=.002456) between the distances that DeltaENV virus and CCR5-
tropic virus penetrate the epithelia layer, but no significant difference in the depth of penetration into
facial and abdominal tissue (p=.14), or in the number of DeltaENV and R5-tropic virions in facial or
abdominal tissues (p=.07). These results suggest different forms of HIV are more adept at going through
tight junctions and infecting CD4 T cells.
117
P26
Modulation of Stem Cell Marker (DCAMKL1) Expression During Colon Cancer Chemoprevention
Presenter(s)
Rohan Verma, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Mart DeLa Cruz, North Shore University Health System Research Institute
Ramesh Wali, North Shore University Health System Research Institute
Mortality rate from colorectal cancers (CRC) remains high despite advances in screening and
chemoprevention. Stem cells are now recognized as the precursors to a majority of CRCs and the stem
cell protein doublecortin and calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase-like1 (DCAMKL1) has
emerged as a biomarker for CRC initiation and progression. Whether DCAMKL1 is appropriate for
evaluating CRC chemoprevention is not known. Our studies were undertaken to investigate modulation of
DCAMKL1 expression by chemopreventative agents such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) and sulindac.
We utilized polyposis in rat (PIRC) colon as a model for familial CRC in which rats were fed AIN-76A
high fat diet to accelerate tumor progression. Control and PIRC rat diets were supplemented with either
sulindac (320 ppm) or with PEG-6000 (10%) for twelve weeks. DCAMKL1 expression was examined in
rat colons by immunohistochemistry or Western blotting. Results demonstrated an increase in
DCAMKL1 immunostaining in colonic crypts of PIRC rats compared to control and a reduction in
staining by both PEG and sulindac. Similarly, in cell culture, colon cancer cell line HCT-116 showed a
reduced expression of DCAMKL1 with both sulindac and PEG. These novel findings present DCAMKL1
as suitable biomarker for assessing the efficacy of chemopreventative agents for CRC.
118
P27
More Factors Influencing Successful Weaning from Caffeine and Outcomes of Infants Who Failed
Weaning From Caffeine
Presenter(s)
Rheanna Vimawala, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Patricia Hummel, Loyola University
Christine Sajous, Loyola University
Apnea of prematurity is a major concern for neonates born before 34 weeks of gestation. The magnitude
of this problem led to the development and usage of caffeine on premature babies. Usually physicians try
to wean babies from caffeine at around 34 weeks of gestation, however the infants do not always wean
successfully. Last year another IMSA student examined the same population and analyzed whether
gender, birth weight, and race influenced weaning from caffeine. Furthering this study this year we
looked at the effect of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), and necrotizing
enterocolitis (NEC) on weaning from caffeine and if failing to wean is a predictor of long term problems.
To conduct this investigation, data of infants born between August 15, 2006 and August 15, 2010 from
the Loyola Neonatal Intensive Care Unit database was compiled. Additionally, babies who failed to wean
were matched by birth weight and gender to babies that successfully weaned from caffeine and outpatient
clinic data was collected at eight to thirteen months adjusted age for each of the individually matched
babies. There was no significant correlation found between neonates who had IVH, PDA or NEC and
failed weaning from caffeine and the ones who weaned. The second part of this study which looks at
whether failing to wean from caffeine is a predictor of long-term disability is ongoing. This information
can help neonatologists predict the significance of failing to wean from caffeine at 34-35 weeks.
P28
Effects of Fatty Acids on Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Presenter(s)
Yifu Zhang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Paul Grippo, Northwestern University
Omega-3 and omega-6 are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that have positive effects on the body in
comparison to saturated fats. Omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 fa) have been used to maintain heart health, but
recently, it is becoming a use for pancreas cancer prevention. One method that is used to study this is the
use of cell culture, which helps determine whether or not the effects of fatty acids on pancreas cells are
caused by secreted factors. When metabolized, PUFAS can be turned into prostaglandins, a type of
eicosanoid, which can be secreted out of a cell. An oncogene called Kras, which is a model of early
cancer, has been engineered into two human pancreas cell lines. Human pancreatic nestin expressing
(HPNE) cells, human pancreatic ductal epithelial (HPDE) cells, HPNE-Kras, and HPDE-Kras have been
treated with PUFAs. After their initial responses to the PUFAS, the media was swapped with fresh media.
A Western blot was then run on the proteins from the fresh media to find the level of pAkt, a factor that
favors cell growth. pAkt levels were found to be decreased from ω-3 fa treated media, which proves that
ω-3 fa indicts a secreted factor in the cells.
119
Q01
Measuring Cerebrovascular Reactivity in Patients With and Without Brain Disorders
Presenter(s)
Megan Bacani, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Dhruv Patel, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jennie Chen, Northwestern University
Todd Parrish, Northwestern University
Xue Wang, Northwestern University
The brain consists of a network of neurons, which requires a cerebrovascular system that provides
necessary nutrients to function properly. Changes in this cerebrovascular response can be measured by
taking images of the brain with blood oxygenated level-dependent functional MRI (BOLD fMRI). In this
study, patients with and without brain disorders were given cued breathing instructions including fifteensecond
breath holds, while being scanned in an MRI machine. Breath holding causes an increase in the
amount of carbon dioxide in the blood, causing a strong temporary BOLD signal increase. Scans were
sorted through MATLAB and analyzed in BrainVoyager by measuring signal changes. Thirteen patients
with arteriovenous malformation, epilepsy, tumors, stroke, or without diseases were tested and
cerebrovascular maps were created. Results show that changes in BOLD signals and cerebrovascular
reactivity are dependent on the disease that the patient has. This investigation can potentially determine
the effect of various brain disorders and their effects on cerebrovascular reactivity. This method can be
used to verify if treatments are affecting the vascular system. Furthermore, they can be used to verify that
patients are capable of generating a blood flow response that can be detected by functional MRI.
120
Q02
Correlation of Hippocampal Asymmetric Index and Nonverbal Memory Performance for Primary
Progressive Aphasia Patients
Presenter(s)
Ashley Chong, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Emily Rogalski, Northwestern University
Lei Wang, Northwestern University
Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) patients experience a decline in language functions and atrophy in the
language network and left hippocampus which is important for memory. However, it is unclear if atrophy
in the hippocampus of PPA patients is related to memory performance. For that reason, we calculated
hippocampal asymmetric index (AI) [(RH-LH)/(RH+LH)] to see if it correlated with performance on the
immediate or delayed nonverbal memory subtests of the Weschler Memory Scale III. To compare the
magnetic resonance images (MRI) accurately, the left and right hippocampi were manually edited because
the MRI brain imaging software Freesurfer overestimates hippocampal volume. Inter-rater reliability was
established: controls (overlap mean=LH: 88.42%; RH: 88.87%) and patients (overlap mean=LH: 87.34%;
RH: 92.31%). Then, a Pearson Correlation was run between the memory test performance (immediate and
delay) and AI for four groups (control, PPA, PPA-L, and PPA-G) using the statistical analysis program
SPSS. In terms of AI and memory scores, there was no significant correlation within any of the groups
(p≤0.001, for both). Immediate and delay scores correlated in the control and patient groups. Therefore
the data suggests that no conclusions can be made between the asymmetry of hippocampus and nonverbal
memory performance.
Q03
Laboratory Techniques for Studying Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Presenter(s)
Zi-Ning Choo, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Ted Li, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Pembe Hande Ozdinler, Northwestern University
This investigation involved understanding laboratory techniques with the aim of applying these
experimental procedures to studying the role of alternative splicing in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(ALS). Laboratory techniques included tissue sectioning, immunohistochemistry, DNA isolation,
polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and gel electrophoresis. The purpose of sectioning tissue is to prepare
samples for immunohistochemistry, during which proteins are labeled with antibodies so that they can be
visualized through light microscopy. DNA isolation, PCR, and gel electrophoresis are involved in
genotyping the mice used in these experiments. This lab used the transgenic SOD1 G93A mouse to model
the motor neuron degeneration that characterizes ALS. DNA was isolated from tail samples of the mice.
The DNA was then amplified through PCR and pieces of different lengths were separated through
electrophoresis. The location of the DNA on the gel revealed whether the mutated human SOD1 gene was
present. We learned through this investigation that understanding methodology is a crucial component of
research because it allows for the collection of relevant data and the replication of experimental
procedures by other researchers.
121
Q04
Aberrant Alternative Splicing in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Presenter(s)
Zi-Ning Choo, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Ted Li, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Areen Pitaktong, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Pembe Hande Ozdinler, Northwestern University
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by the death of motor neurons and the loss of
voluntary movement. RNA editing and alternative splicing defects have been implicated as potential
mechanisms for motor neuron vulnerability. Alternative splicing refers to the retention of different
combinations of exons during RNA splicing, resulting in the generation of different splice variants. The
relationship between aberrant alternative splicing and ALS was studied through exon array analyses.
These analyses measure the expression levels of exons in the mRNA transcript and were collected from
corticospinal motor neurons (CSMN), which degenerate in ALS, and colossal projection neurons (CPN),
which do not. Several genes with different alternative splicing patterns between CSMN and CPN were
found. The alternative splicing of these genes will now be verified via reverse transcription-polymerase
chain reaction and immnunohistochemistry. The discovery of alternatively spliced genes is significant
because it can contribute to the development of an early detection marker for ALS and serve as a target
for gene therapy.
Q05
Investigation of Language Networks Using fMRI with Auditory and Visual Stimuli
Presenter(s)
Mary Do, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Todd Parrish, Northwestern University
Xue Wang, Northwestern University
As one of the most important human functions, language is the object of much research and
experimentation which frequently utilizes a method called functional magnetic resonance imaging
(fMRI). Functional MRI indicates areas of activation in the brain and therefore assists in showing how the
brain is responsible for language. In this investigation, fMRI was used to show how the language
networks in the brain are affected by visual and auditory stimuli during a synonyms task. In the auditory
synonyms task, the subjects listened to pairs of words or pairs of tones and decided whether the words
were synonyms or whether the tones were the same. In the visual synonyms task, the subjects saw pairs of
words or pairs of letter strings on a projector and decided whether the words were synonyms or whether
the letter strings were the same. The fMRI results of this study indicated that the auditory task activated
more areas of the language networks in the brain than the visual task did. They suggested that it would be
more efficient to use the auditory task than the visual task in presurgical mapping of the language
networks in the brain.
122
Q06
Water Diffusion as an Effective Biomarker to Evaluate Efficacy of Brain Treatment Performance
Presenter(s)
Mary Do, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Joan Shang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jennie Chen, Northwestern University
Todd Parrish, Northwestern University
Xue Wang, Northwestern University
At any given time, over five million patients are diagnosed with brain diseases nationwide, and the
treatments they undergo are often ineffective with harmful side effects. The orthodox method for
evaluating a treatment's efficacy usually requires several months, so we propose using diffusion MRI
(dMRI) to reduce the evaluation time. Using MATLAB software, we calculated patients' apparent
diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, an indicator of brain damage, over the course of their treatment. We
referenced their clinical data to assess the predictive ability of changes in ADC values. The graphs of
changing ADC values corresponded well with the patient's clinical history and treatment. Increasing ADC
values, which indicate damage inflicted on the brain, matched clinical records that suggested disease
progression. Decreasing values, which indicate brain recovery, matched with records showing effective
treatments. This correlation suggested that water diffusion has a reliable quantitative predictive ability.
Therefore, diffusion MRI is recommended in determining the efficacy of different treatments against
brain diseases. It would reduce the evaluation time, allowing a treatment plan to be changed in a timely
manner. However, additional data is necessary to validate this conclusion.
123
Q07
Using Hippocampal Structure to Differentiate Between Mild Cognitive Impairment Types
Presenter(s)
Dominic Gentile, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Previn Kumar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Kate Alpert, Northwestern University
Adam Christensen, Northwestern University
Lei Wang, Northwestern University
About 15%-20% of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients have shown to eventually
progress to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies have indicated that there is a difference in hippocampal
structure between AD patients and cognitively normal healthy elderly individuals. We used a Matlab
program to analyze brain scans from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative by using principal
components analysis to compute shape scores of the hippocampal CA1 and subiculum subfields. After the
brain scans had been analyzed, multivariable ANOVA (MANOVA) was used to compare the volumes of
the hippocampus and its subfield shape scores between control patients, MCI patients, and AD patients.
The MANOVA tests found a significant difference between the volumes of the control and MCI
hippocampus, the MCI and the AD hippocampus, and the control and the AD hippocampus. A significant
difference in the structure of the entire hippocampus among the three groups was also found. Within the
CA1 and subiculum subfields, a significant difference was found in the structure between all three groups.
These data show that the structure of the CA1, subiculum, and entire hippocampus in AD patients and
MCI patients are significantly different and furthermore, more significantly different than the overall
volumes.
124
Q08
The Effects of Methamphetamine and Dopamine Receptor Antagonists on the Neurovasculature
Presenter(s)
Brinda Gupta, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Paul Carvey, Rush University Medical Center
Bill Hendey, Rush University Medical Center
The exact mechanism(s) of methamphetamine (meth)-induced neurotoxicity is unknown. Neurovascular
changes have been identified to induce toxicity with meth use, and clinical studies report reductions in
regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the striatum of detoxified meth abusers. Meth increases dopamine
(DA), a known vasoregulator. Dopamine activity at the D2 receptor produces vasoconstriction and D1
receptor activation produces vasodilation. We hypothesized that D2 receptor antagonist pretreatment
(L741,626) would attenuate meth-induced hypoperfusion while pretreatment with a D1 receptor
antagonist (SCH23390) would have no effect. Rats were treated with one of two doses of SCH22390 or
L741,626 30 minutes prior to meth (2.5 mg/kg intraperitoneal) and perfused with FITC-LA or microfil-
MV, vascular markers. L741,626 pretreatment produced normal FITC-LA perfusion, attenuating methinduced
striatal hypoperfusion. Micro-computed tomography (μCT) analysis revealed that L741,626
pretreatment increased the vascular volume ratio, vascular number, and vessel thickness in the striatum
compared to meth treatment alone. SCH23390 did not produce normal striatal FITC-LA perfusion and
appeared to increase μCT measurements of vascular volume ratio and vascular number at the higher dose
(0.5 mg/kg). Selective and persistent reductions in the rCBF in the striatum, potentially mediated by DA
receptors, may contribute to the selectivity of the neurotoxic effects of meth in this brain region.
Q09
Moderate Ethanol Preconditioning Induction of Heat Shock Protein 70 in Non-Primary Neuronal
Cell Lines and its Correlation to Neuroprotection
Presenter(s)
Grant Herrman, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Michael Collins, Loyola University
Donald Dosch, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
There is no question that chronic alcohol (ethanol) abuse causes neuronal dysfunction and brain damage;
however, low or moderate ethanol concentrations (10-30 mM) have been demonstrated to exert protective
effects in in vivo models. Recently, various studies have indicated that light/moderate alcohol consumers
have lower risks of age-dependent cognitive decline and/or dementia, including Alzheimer's disease
(AD), in comparison to abstainers. This experiment posits that the aforementioned reduced risk of
cognitive decline is a result of the ethanol preconditioning phenomena observed in brain glia and neurons.
To mimic this effect, the neuronal cell line PC-12 was subjected to moderate ethanol preconditioning
(MEP) of 10-30 mM ethanol, which was shown to prevent simulated neurodegeneration due to β-
amyloid, an important protein implicated in AD. In addition, upon applying MEP, it was found that onset
of neuroprotection correlates temporally with elevations in effector heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). This,
and other previous research, suggests that HSP70 plays a role in neuroprotection and could be a possible
mechanism for the therapeutic effect that MEP could potentially provide for AD patients.
125
Q10
Vasogenic Edema as a Mechanism of Transgenic Human Antigen R-Mediated Increase in Ischemic
Lesion Size in a Mouse Stroke Model
Presenter(s)
Kevin Hong, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Agnieszka Ardelt, University of Chicago
Randall Carpenter, University of Chicago
The regulatory protein human antigen R (HuR) has been shown to stabilize mRNA in the brain during an
injury. It was previously hypothesized that over expressing HuR in astrocytes would decrease lesion size
by promoting proteins for neurorepair. However, transgenic expression of HuR in astrocytes has been
shown to increase ischemic lesion sizes. This investigation looked at the possibility that HuR increases
the concentration of the proteins matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) and vascular endothelial growth
factor (VEGF). MMP-9 degrades the extracellular matrix, and VEGF causes vascular permeability. These
effects would weaken blood brain barriers prior to angiogenesis, causing increased vasogenic edema in
the brain, which would be responsible for the larger lesion sizes. Wild type (WT) and transgenic (Tg)
male and female mice were given strokes and euthanized 24 hours or 72 hours later. The presence of tight
junctions, indicating mature blood brain barriers, was investigated by staining for the protein zona
occulden-1; no quantitative difference were observed between WT and Tg animals. Tissue sections were
immunofluorescently stained for VEGF and MMP-9, but results were inconclusive due to high
background. Brains were also analyzed with Western Blots to quantify the protein levels. Finally, Evans
blue was used to directly quantify vasogenic edema.
Q11
Identifying Interesting Genes that Show Differences in Healthy and Diseased Amyotrophic Lateral
Sclerosis Transgenic Mice at Different Stages of Disease Progression
Presenter(s)
Lakshmi Katta, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Maura Slattery, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Pembe Hande Ozdinler, Northwestern University
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that impairs communication between
the brain and a person's voluntary movements. Alternative splicing is thought to have a significant role in
the neuronal death in ALS patients. To investigate that role further, we researched the different types of
gene expression that may be related to the disease. We sorted through microarray data of thousands of
different genes found in the corticospinal motor neurons (CSMN) and colossal projection neurons (CPN),
searching for ones with an expression that indicated a link to ALS in wild type, SOD1, and UCHL-1
transgenic mice. The genes were classified based on expression pattern of their exons. In the future,
knockout mice will be used to see if the identified genes are the mechanisms behind the neuronal
degradation. We hope to find the relation with gene expression and disease progression.
126
Q12
Clustering Depressive Symptoms in Aging: Group Differences and White Matter Correlates
Presenter(s)
Kathryn Kim, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Mailynn Grajewski, University of Illinois at Chicago
Laura Korthauer, University of Illinois at Chicago
Melissa Lamar, University of Illinois at Chicago
Symptoms of depression are different in older adults than in younger adults. Adults affected by late life
depression (LLD) have a higher amount of white matter lesions than their younger counterparts. The
purpose of this study is to find relations between clusters of LLD symptoms and white matter
hyperintensity (WMH) volumes. There were sixty-three healthy controls and thrity-two LLDs diagnosed
by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders (SCID) and Hamilton Rating Scale for
Depression (HAM-D) by trained psychiatrists. We clustered the Center of Epidemiologic Studies
Depression Scale (CES-D) scores according to three groups: physical/cognitive symptom, affective
symptoms, and psychosocial symptoms. The between group analyses, as expected, showed that the LLD
group had more depressive symptoms than the healthy controls regardless of category. The within group
analyses showed that within the LLD group, physical/cognitive and affective symptoms were more
prominent than psychosocial symptoms. For the healthy controls, the physical/cognitive symptoms were
more prominent than both the affective and psychosocial symptoms albeit at nondepressed levels. Despite
different patterns of symptoms, there was no association to WMH in either the healthy control or LLD
groups. The results could be used to diagnose/treat adults with LLD based on the symptom profiles that
they show.
127
Q13
Mouse Model for the Study of Axonal Degeneration in Huntington's Disease
Presenter(s)
Sooyeon Kim, University of Illinois at Chicago
Sidra Salman, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Rodolfo Gatto, University of Illinois at Chicago
Gerardo Morfini, University of Illinois at Chicago
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by abnormal elongation of a
polymorphic polyglutamine (polyQ) tract in the Huntingtin protein (Htt). The motor and cognitive effects
associated with HD involve deficits in corticostriatal connectivity. However, molecular mechanisms
causing synaptic and axonal dysfunction remain unknown. A large body of experimental precedents led
us to hypothesize that axonal degeneration in HD results from the abnormal activation of the cJun aminoterminal
kinase (JNK) pathways. To further investigate this claim, we set out to establish an animal model
of HD that facilitates the visualization of axons and the quantifications of axonal degeneration. To this
end, a well-characterized HD mouse model (R6/2 mice) expressing mutant Htt (PolyQ-Htt) was bred with
transgenic mice expressing yellow fluorescent protein (Thy1-YFP mice). Littermates from this cross were
genotyped and the coronal brain sections were analyzed at 30 days, 60 days, and 90 days, using
fluorescent microscopy. Images of the corpus callosum were obtained and the amount of fluorescence
was quantified to measure the extent of neuronal loss. Axonal degeneration progressively worsened from
30 to 90 days in mice expressing polyQ-Htt, compared to wild type Huntington littermates (p <0.001).
Our work will help evaluate molecular mechanisms underlying axonal degeneration in HD, including the
role of the JNK pathway.
128
Q14
IL-10 Expression Surrounding Neuromuscular Junctions in the mSOD1 Mouse Model of ALS
Presenter(s)
Rahul Maheshwari, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Sarah Martin, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Nichole Mesnard, University of Illinois at Chicago
Julie Rowin, University of Illinois at Chicago
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motor neuron degenerative disease characterized by upper
and lower motor neuron cell death. Transgenic mSOD1 mice are the representative mouse model for
ALS, and develop comparable disease pathology to ALS patients. A series of responses, collectively
known as Wallerian degeneration (WD), occur after an injury to a non-ALS motor axon. In WD, activated
Schwann cells become activated, shut off IL-10 secretion, and have increased TNFα secretion, which
recruits phagocytic macrophages into the damaged area to assist with clearing axonal debris. Successful
WD allows regenerating axons to reinnervate motor end plates. Our hypothesis is that a response similar
to WD occurs in mSOD1 ALS mice, and involves dysregulated activated Schwann cells and phagocytic
macrophages. Wild type and mSOD1 mice gastrocnemius muscle tissue at ten weeks of age were
examined for IL-10 expression. Protein expression patterns and concentration levels were examined using
immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. Our
immunohistochemistry results demonstrate below detectable IL-10 expression levels around mSOD1
gastrocnemius neuromuscular junctions compared to wild-type. The preliminary results could potentially
indicate that a proinflammatory microenvironment surrounds neuromuscular junctions involving activated
Schwann cells and phagocytic macrophages.
129
Q15
Tumor Necrosis Factor α Expression Surrounding Neuromuscular Junctions in the mSOD1 Mouse
Model of ALS
Presenter(s)
Rahul Maheshwari, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Sarah Martin, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Nichole Mesnard, University of Illinois at Chicago
Julie Rowin, University of Illinois at Chicago
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motor neuron degenerative disease. The transgenic mSOD1
mouse model over expresses the human mutant SOD1 gene, similar to a portion of familial ALS patients,
and exhibits pathological characteristics of ALS. In ALS, axonal withdrawal from target musculature
precedes motor neuron cell death. Wallerian degeneration is a response involving activated Schwann cells
and phagocytic macrophages around degenerating motor axons, which is mediated by a tightly regulated
balance of TNFα, pro-inflammatory cytokine, and IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine. We proposed
that the axonal withdrawal in ALS may cause or be due to proinflammatory Wallerian degeneration
activity surrounding ALS neuromuscular junctions. The objective of this investigation was to compare
TNFα protein expression surrounding neuromuscular junctions in gastrocnemius muscle from mSOD1
mice to wild type. Immunohistochemistry and ELISA were used to detect protein expression patterns and
protein concentration levels of TNFα on gastrocnemius muscle tissue of mSOD1mice at ten weeks of age.
Using immunohistochemistry, we observed below detectable levels of TNF-α expression in wild-type
gastrocnemius tissue, where as higher levels were seen in mSOD1 gastrocnemius muscle. Our
preliminary results indicate that Schwann cells and macrophages are creating a proinflammatory
microenvironment surrounding pre-symptomatic mSOD1 neuromuscular junctions.
130
Q16
Acute Seizure-Induced Microglia Activation in the Hippocampus of Postnatal Day 14 Mice
Presenter(s)
Bindi Patel, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Patricia Fox, Children’s Memorial Research Center
Sookyong Koh, Children’s Memorial Research Center
Lauren Mlsna, Children’s Memorial Research Center
Our laboratory studies the role of innate immunity in childhood epilepsy. Microglia, resident immune
cells of the central nervous system, are strongly activated by prolonged seizures. We used Cx3cr1GFP
mice, whose parenchymal microglia are fluorescently labeled, to quantify the amount of microglia
activation in the hippocampus at one, three, and five days following prolonged seizures in two different
seizure models. One was a febrile seizure model where a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection was followed
by hypothermia-induced seizures (30 min). The other one was LPS followed by kainic acid (KA)-induced
stastus epilepticus (over 30 min long seizures). The brains were fixed in formaldehyde and sucrose
solution so they could be properly sliced and mounted. The microglia activation was observed and
captured as images at the intervals of interest. Through analysis of the images, it was found that the
microglia activation in the LPS hypothermia seizures was noted at one day, but not in three days while the
activation in the LPS KA persisted at one and three days to return to baseline at five days. Our results
suggest that persistent microglia activation is related to duration of induced seizures. Our time course
experiments will be helpful in designing future experiments exploring therapeutic efficacy of maternal
care and environmental enrichment to reduce seizure-induced microglia activation.
Q17
Immunohistochemical Localization of Hyperpolarization-Activated and Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated
Nonselective Cation Channels (HCN1-4) in the Mouse Brain
Presenter(s)
Shivani Patel, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Dane Chetkovich, Northwestern University
Hyperpolarization-activated cation currents (Ih), which contribute to pacemaker activity as well as many
other functions in the brain and heart, are generated by hyperpolarization-activated and cyclic nucleotidegated
nonselective cation channels (HCN1-4). In order to determine the distribution of Ih in the mouse
brain, immunohistochemistry was performed to locate the HCN channels. HCN1-4 wild type mice were
used in addition to knockout mice, which served as a negative control. Results from
immunohistochemistry indicate that HCN1 is distributed in the hippocampus and HCN2 in the
hippocampus and cerebellum. Knockout mice, as expected, did not reveal HCN1 or HCN2. These results
coincide with previous studies on the distribution of HCN channels. Current studies and experiments
being done include more specific antibodies and will reveal the true location of all four HCN channels,
strengthening previous studies. The knowledge of the distribution of HCN channels gained from this
study will assist future scientists in creating drugs for epilepsy since Ih currents and HCN channels
become downregulated in patients with this disease.
131
Q18
Measuring Hemodynamic Response Function in Patients and Healthy Controls
Presenter(s)
Tonu Pius, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jennie Chen, Northwestern University
Todd Parrish, Northwestern University
Xue Wang, Northwestern University
The hemodynamic response function (HRF) is a response in blood flow after neuronal activation. It is
predicted that the HRF would show a local delay or amplitude change in patients that have a tumor, a
stroke, epilepsy, or an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) causing a temporary blood physiology change
in the brain. In order to determine the effects of a cerebrovascular disease on the HRF, control subjects
and patients were scanned in an function magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) machine while performing
a movement task; the individuals were asked to move their fingers rapidly in order to trigger the HRF. It
was predicted that with the presence of a cerebrovascular disease the HRF will be delayed 5-6 seconds.
The data collected from the fMRI was then processed in BrainVoyager into a three-dimensional model by
overlaying the maps onto a structural scan; this model included the blood physiology change of the brain
correlated with the movement task. The normalized data showed that the delay in the HRF varied in
patients and healthy controls depending on the type of cerebrovascular disease. Although this study
confirmed that the HRF changes with different diseases, a study including more subjects would be needed
to validate these statements.
Q19
Characterization of Neuronal Human Antigen-R Protein Expression
Presenter(s)
Abhinav Reddy, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Agnieszka Ardelt, University of Chicago
Randall Carpenter, University of Chicago
During ischemic stroke, a lack of blood flow leads to the deterioration of brain tissue and in effect bodily
functions. Certain mRNA binding proteins, such as HuR, are hypothesized to be integral during and after
ischemic stroke in neuroprotective and neuroreparative mechanisms. We hypothesized that transgenic
expression of the HuR protein in neurons would lead to a decrease in ischemic lesion size and in turn a
decrease in loss of functionality. Characterization of HuR expression was achieved through
immunoflourescent staining for both endogenous and transgenic HuR protein in neurons. Hematoxylin
and eosin (H&E) staining was used to identify lesion size and characterize the effects of transgenic HuR
expression. Immunoflourescent staining showed that 95% of neurons in female mice and 90% in male
mice were expressing transgenic HuR (including perilesional regions). The H&E staining showed that 24
hours after ischemia reperfusion the percent lesion size in transgenic females was larger than wild type
females: 46.5% ± 1.3% (n=3) versus 32.9% ± 13.8% (n=10), respectively, with a p-value of 0.0164 (ttest).
This data shows that the transgenic expression of HuR in neurons leads to an increase in ischemic
lesion size, and therefore is ineffective in preventing brain tissue loss.
132
Q20
Comparing Mathematical and Verbal Semantic Memory in Epileptic Patients Through Invasive
Neurophysiologic Brain Mapping
Presenter(s)
Carrie Sha, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Vernon Leo Towle, University of Chicago
Very little is known about how memories are retrieved. Surgical removal of epileptic areas is an
increasingly common method of treatment for seizures. However, patients undergoing surgery frequently
suffer from postoperative memory defects. Twelve epilepsy patients were asked to answer basic
arithmetic (for example, Seven times nine equals?) and verbal questions (for example, Who is your
favorite singer?) to map their arithmetic and semantic memory areas. While answering these questions,
the electrocorticographic brain activity was recorded focusing on gamma band power (70-100 Hz). To
locate active cortical areas, gamma band dynamics were compared to the latency of their answers (voiceonset
time). The medial temporal lobe was active during both the semantic and arithmetic tasks. However,
semantic memory activity was widely distributed over the frontal and temporal lobes, whereas brain
activity during the arithmetic task was concentrated over the frontal lobe. Answering verbal and
arithmetic questions did not activate the parietal episodic memory areas. A better understanding of active
mathematic and verbal memory areas could help physicians reduce postoperative memory deficits.
Knowledge of the spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of neurophysiologic events during memory
retrieval may allow a deeper understanding of this complicated and enigmatic human cognitive process.
Q21
The Development of Arithmetic Skills in an Epileptic Patient
Presenter(s)
Kalyani Sonarikar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Vernon Leo Towle, University of Chicago
Although the arithmetic abilities of young patients frequently improve over time, recurrent complex
partial seizures often cause deterioration of cognitive abilities. The arithmetic development of an unusual
postoperative epileptic patient was examined, with the patient's situation being unusual, in that she
underwent two surgeries two years apart for mesial temporal lobe resection and disconnection of the
anterior temporal lobe. The results of a semantic memory test involving arithmetic calculations were
analyzed, along with electrocorticographic recordings from subdural electrodes placed on the patient's
cerebral cortex prior to the two resections. A positive correlation between the latency of gamma band
power (70-100 Hz) and the magnitude of difficulty of mathematical questions was observed, as well as
the correlation between latency of voice-onset time and question difficulty. The analyses of data after
both operations were compared, suggesting a decrease in gamma latency and a decrease in patient voiceonset
time, supporting an improvement in arithmetic growth. Furthermore, patterns of distributed memory
were identified prior to patient voice-onset time, implying a positive correlation between mental
chronometry and arithmetic growth.
133
Q22
Modulation of Calcium Homeostasis on Amyloid-Beta Derived Diffusible Ligand-Treated
Astrocytes
Presenter(s)
Shruthi Subramanian, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
William Klein, Northwestern University
Pascale Lacor, Northwestern University
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by a buildup of amyloid-beta derived diffusible ligands
(ADDLs), causing atypical levels of intercellular calcium and synapse deterioration in the brain. This
project tested calcium levels seen in astrocytes treated with ADDLs. A calcium assay was performed on
live astrocytes. Immunocytochemistry was then performed to assess the change in protein activity by
calcium using the antibodies phosphorylated adenosine monophospate-activated protein kinase (pAMPk)
and phosphorylated protein kinase B (pPKB), both of which are activated downstream of intracellular
calcium. Next, the plate was imaged and data on astrocyte size and puncta count, and fluorescent pAMKP
and pPKB, was collected on each image through a thresholding process. Preliminary analysis shows that
pPKB levels were increased compared to the neurobasal treated control group. The increase varied
depending on the drug treatment. pAMPK levels were generally lower than the neurobasal treated control
group with the exception of the cells treated with a 500 nanomolar concentration of ADDLs and vehicle.
The addition of 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl) pyridine, an antagonist of calcium production, also did not
seem to affect pAMPK levels. Further analysis is currently taking place in astrocytes and neurons. The
results of this experiment will give further insight into the role astrocytes play in AD pathology.
Q23
Using a Drosophila Melanogaster Model to Study ALS
Presenter(s)
Amanda Sul, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Connie Wang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Xiaoping Chen, Northwestern University
Jane Wu, Northwestern University
Mengxue Yang, Northwestern University
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease in which motor neurons lose their
function and are no longer able to control muscle movement. TPD-43 is a RNA binding protein that has
been implicated in the neurodegeneration of ALS patients. In this investigation, Drosophila melanogaster
expressing human TDP-43 were used to model the human ALS disorder in order to assess the fly model
with respect to the progression of neurodegeneration. In order to measure the neurodegeneration of the
transgenic flies, multiple motility assays were used on both larval Drosophila and adult Drosophila to
evaluate locomotive function of these transgenic flies. Flies with limited movement would indicate that
the TDP-43 mutation successfully modeled human ALS neurodegeneration. The flies expressing TDP-43
mutation showed a significant decrease in mobility, which suggests that the model was successful in
modeling human ALS. With a functional Drosophila model of ALS, research can continue into drug
treatments and possible cures.
134
Q24
Effects of Misregulation of GABRB3 Gene Expression in Relationship to Autism Related Behavior
Presenter(s)
Rebecca Wu, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Williams Dietz, Children’s Memorial Research Center
Laura Herzing, Children’s Memorial Research Center
The GABRB3 gene is thought to be vital for proper neurological development by encoding a receptor
subunit for GABA, a major inhibitory neurotransmitter. We hypothesize that misregulation of GABRB3
causes behavioral abnormalities linked to autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). To study the effects of
GABRB3 misregulation, using a 24-hour monitoring system (Noldus Phenotyper-Ethovision software) we
analyzed the behavioral patterns of mouse lines developed to express abnormal levels of GABRB3.
Analysis of the time spent in the center zone of testing arenas identified a period of time, midway through
the dark (wake) cycle in which female mice with wild type (WT) GABRB3 expression spent significantly
less time in the center of the arena. Conversely, mice with decreased levels of expression (GABRB3 HP
mice) did not take such a break from the center (p < 0.05; student's t-test). Also, male HP mice seemed to
immediately become active once the lights turned off, as measured by time in chamber center, while WT
mice took longer to ease into activity. These abnormal behavioral patterns may indicate that HP mice are
hyperactive compared with WT mice and /or show more persistence in activities, a feature common in
ASDs.
Q25
The Role of Protein X in Eliminating SOD1 in Fibroblasts Derived from SOD1-G93A Transgenic
Mice
Presenter(s)
Vivian Zhang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Hasan Arrat, Northwestern University
Faisal Fecto, Northwestern University
Teepu Siddique, Northwestern University
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal disease characterized by the selective degeneration of both
upper and lower motor neurons. The mutation of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase 1, or SOD1, has been
shown to cause ALS in human patients. In mouse models, the overexpression of the SOD1 induces ALSlike
symptoms whose severity correlates directly with the level of overexpression. In SOD1-linked ALS,
mutant SOD1 has been shown to be a part of ubiquitin positive protein aggregates. Protein X is
implicated in protein degradation via the proteasome and autophagy pathways which have been shown to
degrade SOD1. To test the effect of protein X on SOD1 levels, SOD1-G93A fibroblasts were transfected
with either an empty vector or a vector containing an insert which codes for protein X. Through ELISA
immunoassays, it was demonstrated that fibroblasts which overexpressed protein X also contained lower
amounts of SOD1 than control group fibroblasts. Future research will focus on determining whether
SOD1 is eliminated by protein X through these degradation pathways or whether the effect is on the
expression at the RNA level. The elimination of SOD1 by protein X may be used therapeutically to slow
the progression of neurodegeneration in ALS patients.
135
R01
Photomultiplier Tube Calibration for the Use of Solid Xenon as a Particle Detector
Presenter(s)
Vidya Anjur, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jonghee Yoo, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
A photomultiplier tube (PMT) is typically used to detect very weak light signals, which can be displayed
as electronic waveforms using an oscilloscope. In this experiment, a PMT gain calibration was performed
for development of a low radioactive background detector using solid xenon. A PMT with twelve
dynodes was placed in a steel container with a neutral density filter to reduce light exposure, and attached
to a light-emitting diode, pulse generator, and oscilloscope, for a single photoelectron calibration. The
container was then placed inside a cryochamber. Data was taken at both room temperature and 161 oK at
voltages between 810-890 V. Gain was calculated for each voltage, and Gaussian fit curves were created
for statistical analysis. The best voltage setting for this particular PMT at room temperature is between
860-870 V. For the cold temperature, the best setting is between 850-860 V. The total PMT gain in these
ranges is about 4.089x106 electrons, with an error of 6.12%. Each time one electron enters the PMT, the
outputted current includes ~4.1 million electrons.
R02
Determination of the Future of Neutrino Mass Hierarchy Experiments
Presenter(s)
Wesley Beck, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Maury Goodman, Argonne National Laboratory
Neutrinos are small particles in the lepton sector that rarely interact with other particles. Many of its
properties have yet to be discovered; prominent among these is their mass hierarchy. If it is found, it will
help to determine other unknown properties accurately, and forge the way for new questions about
neutrinos. In order to determine the future of neutrino experiments for finding the mass hierarchy, several
long baseline experiments, such as the Long-baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE), Neutrinos at the
Main Injector Off-Axis νe Appearance, Tokai to Kamioka, and the Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation
Search, were reviewed to find their sensitivity to the mass hierarchy. Then, their sensitivity graphs were
compared by using a program written in ROOT. The sensitivity was based on the restrictions of θ13 and
the charge parity violating phase δ. Based on this analysis, LBNE has the highest sensitivity to the mass
hierarchy out of the long-baseline neutrino experiments. In addition to these experiments, there is also an
analysis of atmospheric and supernovae experiments for their sensitivity. The results of these analyses can
help to determine the best path for experiments to measure the mass hierarchy.
136
R03
Minimizing Electrical Noise in the MicroBooNE Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber and
Developing an Algorithm for Event Classification
Presenter(s)
Emily Camras, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Brian Rebel, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
The MicroBooNE experiment at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory will use a 170-ton liquid
argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) to investigate neutrino interactions. Because the metal piping
used to circulate liquid argon can act as an antenna to inject electrical noise into the LArTPC, it is
necessary to electrically isolate the piping from the cryostat using dielectric insulators. The frequency
response of four insulators of diameters 1.5, 2, 3, and 4 inches was tested in comparison to an uninsulated
connection. All four insulators exceeded the requirement on reducing the power transmitted by more than
3 dB over the relevant frequency range from 1 kHz to 5 MHz. Additionally, an algorithm for classifying
different types of neutrino events was developed. It was based on qualitative observations of computergenerated
neutrino interactions. Users of this algorithm were able to distinguish electron neutrino charged
current events from muon neutrino charged current and neutral current interactions with 85-90%
efficiency and purity. This algorithm provides a method for users to classify neutrino events in the data
MicroBooNE will generate.
R04
Searching for Dark Matter Using Charge Coupled Devices
Presenter(s)
Kathleen Chinetti, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Thomas Schwarz, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Only about twenty percent of all matter in the universe has been observed; the remaining eighty percent is
dark matter. Most dark matter (DM) direct detection experiments search for high mass (50-100 GeV) DM
particles. However, a novel dark matter experiment, dark matter in charge-coupled devices (DAMIC), has
unique sensitivity to low mass dark matter (0-10 GeV) with nuclear recoil sensitivity less than 40 eVee.
Unfortunately, several backgrounds to our dark matter signal can cause nuclear recoil, such as neutrons,
cosmic rays, electrons, and X-rays. A data analysis code was built based on previously defined selection
criteria and synchronized with other colleagues' analysis. Initial studies of the frequency of DM candidate
events in a year's worth of data searching for a sinusoidal month-based dependence were inconclusive.
Further studies were performed to understand and quantify backgrounds to our signal. An adapted
analysis code was also created to study the angle of entrance of cosmic rays.
137
R05
The Future Now: Using Developing Rocket Technologies to Create the Ultimate Thrill Ride
Presenter(s)
Jasmine Davila, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Quinn Gingerevans, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Eric Hawker, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
There are many future technologies for rockets being theorized and studied currently. In this
investigation, several of these were investigated for use in a recreational rocket. Research was done on
aircraft engines and launch systems through reading scholarly articles. The criteria used to decide which
technology to use were cost effectiveness, since current rocket systems are prohibitively expensive, and
efficiency, since current systems waste a lot of fuel and parts of the body. Through the investigation, two
main technologies were chosen: an electromagnetic rail launcher on the ground to accelerate the rocket to
mach 3 and a dual mode scramjet to propel it upon leaving the rail. Additionally, at the altitude of
seventy-five kilometers, the dual mode scramjet would turn off and a small solid-fuel rocket engine would
boost it the rest of the way. An exploration into the costs of a launch, including fuel, maintenance and
staff, is currently underway. This application of future technologies could be used to create a small
recreational rocket with the ability to travel efficiently to the edge of space, creating a new market since
the rocket would be able to launch frequently.
R06
Testing Correlations Between Nuclear Decay Rates and Earth-Sun Distance
Presenter(s)
Arjun Garg, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Vadim Rusu, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Previous work suggests possible correlations between nuclear decay rates and the Earth-Sun distance. We
are validating the findings of the original experiment. In order to monitor the conditions in the system, we
have built a circuit board with a BMP085 chip which will be used to detect the temperature and pressure
over the course of the experiment so that we may keep it constant. The BMP085 chip was connected to a
microcontroller through a data, a clock, a power, and a ground line. A 4.7 Ω resistor was used to connect
the clock and data lines to the power. It was then programmed to calculate the temperature and pressure.
If the temperature and pressure are monitored and kept constant, then we know that the results of the
experiment will not be due to fluctuations in the temperature and pressure.
138
R07
Searching for the Standard Model Higgs Boson in the WH→WWW→lvjjjj Channel
Presenter(s)
Ethan Gordon, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Michael Cooke, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Ryuji Yamada, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
The Standard Model of Particle Physics accurately describes the fundamental particles that make up
matter and how they interact. However, the Higgs boson, predicted to explain why some of these particles
have mass, has not yet been observed. This search for the Higgs boson candidate events in final states
with lepton, missing energy and at least four jets uses the full Tevatron Run II data set collected by the D0
detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. To perform this search, we combine variables with little
power to discriminate between Higgs boson candidates and background into one more powerful
multivariate discriminant. After determining the most likely reconstruction of the Higgs boson based on
decay products in a particular event, we added new variables to the analysis framework specific to the
WH→WWW→lvjjjj process. In all, twenty-six variables were added to the framework. Later, an
optimized subset of these variables were added to the list of inputs for the discriminate. As a result, the
sensitivity of this channel improved by 5% at a Higgs mass of 130 GeV/c2. Introducing this new,
optimized channel will improve the sensitivity of the search for the Higgs boson at Fermilab and help
expand the range of Higgs boson masses that are excluded at the 95% confidence level.
R08
Computer Simulation of Quenching in the High Field Superconducting Accelerator Magnet Made
with Nb3Sn Cable
Presenter(s)
Jimmy Huang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Ryuji Yamada, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Superconducting magnets create powerful magnetic fields by maintaining a state of no resistance. In order
to keep a superconducting state, low temperatures must be maintained in the magnet at all times with
liquid helium. Quenching starts when a piece of the magnet is disturbed suddenly by a force and its
superconductivity is broken by the presence of heat causing the electrical current to go through the copper
stabilizer instead of the superconductor, which heats the coil. The temperature of the magnet increases
and if the heat is generated in excess amounts it may cause damage. My goal is to create an algorithm that
measures the spread of heat during a quench and find the best conditions and methods to protect the
magnet from being damaged. Our program shows the heat diffusion during the quench for our designed
magnet. The graphs from our program provide results that show the heat distribution during the quench.
Our program can display how the heat spreads through a magnet after quenching and we can change the
parameters such as maximum temperature of the magnet. Quenching of poorly designed magnets could
result in destruction of the magnet in seconds and the destruction of the surrounding magnets.
139
R09
Fourier Transform Infrared Imaging in Determining the Effectiveness of Trehalose as a Protectant
Presenter(s)
Aadam Ibrahim, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Carolyn Hirschmugl, University of Wisconsin at Madison
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has recently become a much more powerful source of analysis as
a result of an advance coupling multiple synchrotron beams with wide field detection. These advances
allow for very high spatial and spectral resolution simultaneously in detecting chemicals. It is known that
the sugar trehalose is good a protecting the structures of molecules such as proteins. Therefore, we
performed high spatial resolution Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy on samples of dried droplets
containing certain concentrations of the sugar trehalose and the protein albumin. This was done so as to
determine the effect of protein on distribution of the compounds in the droplet. So far we have found that
the material tends to concentrate towards the outside; however, the addition of trehalose is meant to make
the structures more homogeneous. Our results found that addition of trehalose, contrary to what previous
studies seem to show, made our droplets more heterogeneous. In order to properly see what trehalose
does, we must look into higher concentration droplets in the future.
R10
Recycling Carbon Dioxide: Following Algae Response to High Concentration Carbon Dioxide
Environments
Presenter(s)
Aadam Ibrahim, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Mark Carlson, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Carolyn Hirschmugl, University of Wisconsin at Madison
Algae are known to produce certain organic substances as protein, silica, carbohydrates, lipids, and
phospholipids. There is interest in how much of these compounds algae make when exposed to carbon
rich environments, similar to those of factory smoke stacks. These compounds alone can be used for such
things as food substances to biofuel material. Infrared imaging analysis techniques allowed us to observe
patterns of the Thalassiosira weissflogi algae species in producing the above compounds. An algal cell of
this species was put into a flow cell with infrared transparent windows in order to keep that cell alive.
Water infused with carbon dioxide was pumped into this flow cell. Scans were taken over a 10 hour
period. A time lapse of the intensities of each corresponding functional group indicates that the
phospholipids and protein fluctuate similarly, while the lipids, silica, and carbohydrates tend to decrease
over time. Further analysis allows us to directly detect the concentration of each substance and how they
vary with regard to the other substances. Results indicate that peak production of protein occurs at three
different time points and corresponds to phospholipid peak production. Silica and carbohydrates reach
their peak concentration towards the end of the time period. Lipids simply seem to fluctuate.
140
R11
Optimization of Focusing Lenses through Computational Modeling and Analysis of Related
Quench Protection Issues
Presenter(s)
Emil Khabiboulline, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Michael Tartaglia, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Iouri Terechkine, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
As part of design efforts for a high intensity particle accelerator, the configuration of cryomodules in the
injector section must be investigated. Specifically, the superconducting focusing lenses should be
optimized to fit the criteria of focusing strength, size, and resilience to quenching. Computational
modeling served as the primary tool in this study. Initial work, centered on defining the lens
configuration, was followed by quench propagation analysis for the chosen design. After a comparison of
several approaches, it was found that all requirements can be met if the lens operates at 5.5 K and
employs 0.5 mm niobium-titanium superconducting strand. Eleven-thousand turns in the winding will
provide the needed focusing strength of 4 ·Tm² at 67 A. Two quench protection configurations were
studied: one full coil with a dump resistor connected in series, and a segmented coil with resistors
connected in parallel to each section. Results of the quench propagation modeling show that the initial
design goals for focusing lenses can be met using both schemes, with each arrangement having specific
advantages. The methods developed in this study and its outcomes will be used to design magnetic
systems of larger scales.
R12
Studying Silicon Annealing Effects on the Collider Detector at Fermilab
Presenter(s)
Akram Khaja, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Kyle Knoepfel, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Over decades of incurring radiation damage from particle collisions, the silicon detector at Collider
Detector at Fermilab has degraded, making it necessary for the depletion voltage to be increased to
continue detection at optimal levels. Increasing the depletion voltage past a certain point is impractical
and wastes energy, so any method through which the depletion voltage can be decreased is beneficial.
One such method is through annealing, heating up the silicon detector and then allowing it to cool to help
reduce the damage from radiation. Data about the voltage, current, temperature, and other statistics about
the detector were collected throughout the process of annealing and then analyzed using Bash and Root
programs. Code was created to gather the data, convert it to a useful form, and graph and fit it to
determine if the depletion voltage decreased over time. From current analysis, annealing did help some of
the modules of the silicon detector by lowering their bias currents. These results are important as they will
help in the modeling of annealing employed at CERN.
141
R13
Screening For Contamination From Alpha Particle Decay In Materials for the Cryogenic Dark
Matter Search
Presenter(s)
Jingfei Li, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Lauren Hsu, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Dark matter makes up 83% of the matter in the universe, but so far, no experiments have been able to
determine its composition. The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) is one such experiment currently
trying to detect the makeup of dark matter. In order for SuperCDMS, the next stage of the CDMS
experiment, to reach sensitivity levels that are high enough to detect dark matter, the experiment needs to
lower background radiation from trace contamination in materials near the detectors. Radiation mimics
dark matter events by colliding with the germanium atoms that make up the detector, which makes it
harder to determine the authenticity of possible dark matter interactions. One form of radiation CDMS is
concerned with is alpha emission. In order to test for background radiation, the ultralo-1800 alpha
detector was used to count the alpha emissivity of copper plates used to build the housing of CDMS dark
matter detectors. Their overall alpha emissivity levels were 0.002 alphas/cm2/hour, about equal to the
background radiation of the alpha detector itself. Tests were then run to determine the sources of
systematic error of the alpha detector. It was determined that the detector sensitivity was susceptible to
changes to its interior, such as the addition of a Teflon sheet over the detector tray, and the fluctuation of
the argon purge running through the detector. However, the changes in the detector were small enough
that they did not affect our results significantly.
R14
Deflection Studies on the g-2 Vacuum Test Chamber Before and After Adding New Grooves
Presenter(s)
Emily Lindgren, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Brendan Casey, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Mandy Rominsky, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
The g-2 experiment sends muon beams through large vacuum chambers with grooved sides. In the
grooves there are magnetic field probes. When vacuum is pulled on these chambers the walls deflect
slightly inwards, moving the position of the probes. It is important to know the exact position of these, so
as to be able to properly adjust data. To ensure accurate and precise knowledge of the magnetic field, it is
desirable to deploy as many magnetic field probes as possible, which will require the addition of more
grooves. A test vacuum chamber was used to test the effect of adding more grooves on the measured
deflection. Five different test plates were machined with thicknesses calculated to be equivalent to the
main vacuum system. Each plate had a different number of grooves, ranging from zero to four. A
deflection gauge was used to measure the deflection experienced by each plate under vacuum. The
measured deflections were consistent with expectations.
142
R15
Developing a Neutrino Interaction Identification Algorithm
Presenter(s)
Joshua Love, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Shulamit Moed Sher, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Experiments for studying neutrino interactions using liquid argon detectors are now being designed and
built. A method is required to identify the type of neutrino interaction based on the signature left in the
detector by the particles produced in the interaction. I codeveloped an algorithm to identify chargedcurrent
neutrino interactions, characterized either by a shower connected to the vertex of the interaction
(indicative of an electron) or by a long straight track (indicative of a muon particle) and neutral-current
interactions which do not display either of these traits. This algorithm can identify interactions with
approximately 90% purity and 70% efficiency. After six months, the algorithm developed through a
combination of calculations and trial and error by analyzing over twenty-five hundred simulated neutrino
interactions in the MicroBooNE experiment. This algorithm may provide a basis for future identification
algorithms and could be an important method for future neutrino detection as liquid argon detectors are
built for studying the neutrinos.
R16
A Laboratory Model of Two-Dimensional Granular Collisions
Presenter(s)
Peter Lu, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Justin Burton, University of Chicago
Sidney Nagel, University of Chicago
Astrophysical and geophysical processes often involve large-scale flows of granular particles. Lowdensity
granular gases are composed of nearly identical macroscopic particles, that is, large enough for
inter-molecular forces to be negligible. In these gases, particles undergo inelastic collisions causing the
system to lose kinetic energy over time. We have constructed one of the first large-scale laboratory
models of a granular gas using a very flat, smooth aluminum plate with sloped boundaries. Our granular
particles are pellets of solid carbon dioxide (dry ice), which float on a cushion of gas due to sublimation
near the metal surface (Leidenfrost effect), essentially forming a two-dimensional granular gas. Using this
model, we performed experiments using colliding clouds of dry ice particles. After analyzing the kinetic
energy decay of the system using particle image velocimetry, we compared it to computer simulations,
revealing an odd disparity between the long time behavior of the experiment versus the simulation.
Although the simulations have a similar qualitative behavior as the experiment, there are significant
differences in the energy decay between the simulations and the experiment. I will discuss these
differences and how they relate to the energy lost per collision (that is, coefficient of restitution).
143
R17
Exploring Alternate Explanations for Dark Matter's Claims: Long Term Activation of Radiated
Sodium Iodide Crystal
Presenter(s)
Kirti Munjeti, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Hugh Lippincott, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Dark matter is invisible matter that comprises about 25% of the universe. One piece of evidence for dark
matter comes from observations of the relationship between the masses of galaxies and their luminosities
and velocities, and these observations are confirmed at all cosmic scales. Physicists are trying to detect
dark matter particles with terrestrial detectors. The dark matter (DAMA) experiment has observed annual
modulation and claims that it is dark matter, which is not unreasonable since dark matter would produce
annual modulation if it were detected. However, it is unclear whether those signals were caused by actual
dark matter or other backgrounds. I am testing whether DAMA's claims are legitimate by setting up a
similar lab apparatus to determine whether or not activations can occur after irradiating a sodium iodide
crystal. In the process, I have tested and characterized three photomultiplier tubes (PMT) with two
separate bases. Using LabView, I have created a data acquisition program to analyze the effects of
irradiating a sodium iodide crystal. By using the characterized PMT and the data acquisition program, I
will attempt to determine what effect radiation has on the sodium iodide crystal.
R18
R&D for the Tracking Detector for Fermilab's Muon g-2 Experiment
Presenter(s)
Laura Napierkowski, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Brendan Casey, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Mandy Rominsky, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Fermilab's new muon g-2 experiment is designed to make high-precision measurements of the magnetic
moment of the muon in order to test the validity of the Standard Model. The experiment is currently
undergoing detector research and development. The objective of this investigation was to design and test
various parts of the tracking detector system for the g-2 experiment. The tracking detector is made of
straws, which consist of a long, metallic cylinder with a sense wire in the middle. The straws are filled
with gas that becomes ionized when a charged particle passes through. This sends a signal down the wire
to electronics, so we can determine the path the particle took. The research with vacuums and straws
culminated in building g-2's first straw prototype out of eight aluminum and copper straws, each of which
is ten centimeters long. Building this prototype gave the collaboration a sense of the most efficient
building methods and designs, which will be applied to our next prototypes. These prototypes will be
tested by the g-2 experiment to prepare for the construction of this new experiment.
144
R19
Analysis of the Globular Cluster NGC1851 Using the Dark Energy Survey Filter Set
Presenter(s)
Deokgeun Park, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Tom Diehl, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Douglas Tucker, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
The Dark Energy Survey (DES) will use a new camera, the dark energy camera (DECam), to study details
of the expansion history of the Universe. DECam will use a Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)-like filter
set in g, r, i, z, and Y-bands and red-sensitive charge coupled devices (CCDs). Prior to the survey, DES
scientists accumulated images in the southern hemisphere using a small test camera called PreCam, which
used DECam CCDs and small DECam filters as part of a standard star calibration program. Among the
objects observed was globular cluster NGC1851. PreCam images of NGC1851 were processed and
analyzed. The calibrated PreCam data was used to produce a Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram, which
was then used to estimate the distance, age, and metallicity. The analysis yielded the following estimates
for NGC1851: a distance of 12±1 kilo-parsecs, an age of >13Gyr (best estimate 13.5 Gyr), and a
metallicity [Fe/H] of between -2.27 and -1.49 (best estimate -1.79).
R20
Measurement of Galaxy Masses via Galaxy-Galaxy Lensing in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data
Presenter(s)
Savanna Rutas, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Huan Lin, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Marcelle Soares-Santos, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Gravitational lensing is the deflection of light resulting from warping of space by any type of mass. It can
be used to measure the mass of a lens along the line of sight. In the weak regime, gravitational lensing
results in small shape distortions of distant galaxies by the lens. Galaxy-galaxy lensing is a special case of
weak lensing where the lens is a galaxy. By extracting data from Stripe 82 of the Sloan Digital Sky
Survey (SDSS), we used galaxy-galaxy lensing to calculate the masses of luminous red galaxies (LRGs)
at redshift z=0.2-0.7 and luminous blue galaxies at z=0.2-0.4. We ran cuts on the absolute magnitudes of
the galaxies, calculated their shear profiles, completed a mass fitting, and then measured their masses as a
function of luminosity, color, and morphology. Typical LRGs have masses larger than 1012 solar masses,
while blue galaxy masses are smaller. Our results indicate that the LRG masses do not vary with redshift.
We also found that a brighter absolute magnitude corresponds to a larger average mass. Our analysis
extends to a redshift never before analyzed with SDSS data (z= 0.7).
145
S01
IMSA Students' Attitudes Towards Interracial Relationships
Presenter(s)
Wei-en Chu, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Cherish Kim, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Alexandra Maffei, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
David Evenson, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Our study focuses on teen attitudes toward pursuing interracial romantic relationships at the Illinois
Mathematics and Science Academy (IMSA). IMSA is a residential school with above average student
diversity. This initially led us to believe that students are more likely to be open to involvement in
interracial dating relationships. A review of the literature on interracial dating suggested that the most
common factors influencing interracial romantic relationships are gender, race, and political affiliation.
We constructed a survey of nine multiple choice questions, which were sent to the entire student body via
LimeSurvey.org. The survey questions explored actual attitudes, perceptions, and involvement in
interracial dating relationships. We received a very large response rate that helped in establishing the
statistical validity of our survey results. A series of Chi-square tests of independence were used to analyze
the data. Our analysis confirms our hypothesis regarding interracial dating in the diverse IMSA
environment, with some surprising results on the perceptions and attitudes toward same race dating.
S02
Effects of Personality, Gender, and Age on Spatial Relations Ability
Presenter(s)
Victoria Etherton, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Joan Chiao, Northwestern University
Mark Schurgin, Northwestern University
Spatial relation, the skill to visualize and analyze the relations between signs and shapes, has many more
real-life applications than meets the eye. Specifically, individuals who experience difficulty with spatial
relations problems also may have difficulty problem-solving in a range of higher educational topics
including geography, history, and science. However, since this ability is not widely examined, the
correlations between spatial relations and other factors have not yet been discovered. Therefore, I
hypothesize that individual and group differences, such as personality, gender, and age may affect spatial
relation ability. To test this, participants completed an online NEO-FI personality trait survey testing
neurotic, extroverted, agreeable, open, and conscientious tendencies and a spatial relations test as
indicators for spatial relations ability. Results demonstrate that neuroticism, a personality trait typically
associated with negative emotions, is significantly negatively correlated with spatial relations ability (R =
-0.32, p< 0.05) while other big five traits such as extroversion and openness did not (p > 0.05).
Furthermore results indicate no effects of gender or age on spatial relations ability (p > 0.05). In
conclusion, this study implies important correlations to consider for students and teachers in educational
settings.
146
S03
The Effects of Previous Drug Experience on Responses to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine
Presenter(s)
Mallory Giger, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Harriet de Wit, University of Chicago
Matt Kirkpatrick, University of Chicago
There are individual differences to the mood-related acute effects of 3,4-
methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy). One possible explanation for this is an individual's
previous drug history, but there are no data to support or refute this. Thus, our lab conducted two withinsubject,
double-blind studies during which healthy adult volunteers (N=30, N=21) received placebo or
MDMA (0.75 mg/kg and 1.50 mg/kg). We also obtained extensive drug use histories before the start of
study participation. Participants completed mood questionnaires before and repeatedly after
administration. During the sessions, a dose-related response was observed in both studies on prosocial
and euphoric measures, such as sociability, elation, and liking the drug. Contrary to our predictions,
however, there was no relationship between acute subjective effects of MDMA and past alcohol,
marijuana, or MDMA usage. There are many possible reasons for this result, including the true absence of
an effect, an insufficient sample size, or a relatively limited range of past drug use in this sample. Future
studies on the relationship between previous drug experience and the effects of MDMA might include a
larger sample or a wider range of previous drug use history.
S04
Determination of Factors that Affect the Success of Rumors
Presenter(s)
Riley Helm, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Sarah O'Leary-Driscoll, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Rumors are a part of human psychology that involves people listening to and spreading unverified
information whether they believe it or not. Significant research has been put into rumors. The aim of this
study was to find out what factors play into the success or failure of a rumor in the micro-environment of
IMSA. Over the past few weeks, the IMSA population has taken part in a deception study examining
these factors. This investigation involved researching what makes a rumor believable, memorable, and
spreadable. Three rumors were constructed which were spread across the IMSA campus via three student
carriers. After four weeks of incubation, the campus was asked to complete a survey to detail whether
students had heard said rumors, and what led to them believing and spreading said rumors, or rejecting
the rumors completely. The data collected via the survey was then analyzed using Chi-squared and
Kruskul Wallace tests to find what factors were most important in the success of these rumors. These
factors will be discussed.
147
S05
Perceptual Learning in Synthetic Speech with Interference
Presenter(s)
Corey Hornbeck, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Shannon Heald, University of Chicago
For recognition of speech to occur, individuals must learn how acoustic information (what one hears)
maps to phonetic knowledge. Previous literature shows that individuals are able to quickly learn to
understand synthetic speech that possesses novel acoustic to phonetic relationships. However, it is unclear
how robust this learning is against interference (from learning a competing speech synthesizer with a
different acoustic to phonetic mapping) or if individual differences in working memory moderate the
amount of perceptual learning on a speech synthesizer and/or interference from a competing speech
synthesizer. The current investigation therefore examines the relationship between perceptual learning,
working memory, and interference, using a simple pretest-training-posttest paradigm. Our results showed
that training on a competing speech synthesizer hinders word recognition performance on the original
speech synthesizer, suggesting that the perceptual learning of the original speech synthesizer was not
robust against interference. Additionally we found that while high working memory individuals did not
significantly differ in initial understanding of the original speech synthesizer from low working memory
people, they learned the original speech synthesizer significantly more. Taken together, the results
provide a useful framework to understand why we see perceptual learning decreases across a day until
sleep is achieved in long-term perceptual learning studies.
S06
Examining the Levels of Overexcitabilities of IMSA Sophomores
Presenter(s)
Taylor Imburgia, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Christopher Kolar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Deborah McGrath, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Gifted people have been shown to have higher developmental potential, making them more likely to
experience above average reactions to stimuli. These characteristics have been classified as
overexcitabilities (OEs) separated into five areas: psychomotor, sensual, intellectual, imaginational, and
emotional. The OE levels between IMSA males and females and between IMSA students (who are
interested in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) and Ohio gifted students were examined
using the Overexcitabilty Questionnaire II (OEQII). Data from seventy IMSA sophomores was analyzed
using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and the Bonferroni Correction method to control error. Results
showed that the IMSA females' sensual and emotional levels were significantly higher than IMSA males'.
Additionally, both IMSA males and females exhibited significantly lower imaginational OE levels than
the Ohio gifted students. This study will hopefully spark awareness of overexcitabilities in the gifted
population, allow students to understand their own feelings and behaviors and help the IMSA community
to more effectively assist students in handling OEs.
148
S07
How Self Perception Differs From Observer Perception in Classmates
Presenter(s)
Eva Meyer, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Joan Chiao, Northwestern University
Mark Schurgin, Northwestern University
Many people believe they present themselves to the world in a certain way, but often their perception of
themselves is not reflected in the observations that other people perceive, an effect known as the selfserving
bias. Humans tend to think more highly of their traits compared to their peer's qualities. To
determine whether there is a discrepancy between self and observer perception for different traits, I asked
pairs of participants to respond to questions asking both about their personality and their partner's
personality for nine distinct traits. Results show that people perceive their own degree of emotionalityrationality,
narcissism, popularity and adherence to social norms differently compared to the way their
partner perceives them. Additionally, results show effects of gender on exaggeration, popularity, and selfother
perception. Females were more likely to report greater likelihood of exaggeration, popularity, and
accuracy in self-other perception compared to males. There was a gender difference in effect of
familiarity on self-other perception. Higher familiarity ratings in males correlated with increased
familiarity in self-other judgments for popularity, reliability of self-other perception, and egotism.
Understanding better how social perception differs between people will help individuals improve social
interactions.
S08
Culture and Color: Evidence for Cultural Diversity in Color Perception
Presenter(s)
Jennifer Ren, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Joan Chiao, Northwestern University
Hundreds of years ago, the Eastern and Western Hemispheres had relatively little contact; now, people
living in distinct nations are more likely to encounter one another due to globalization. Because Western
and Eastern cultures often pose conflicting values, it is unclear the extent to which culture affects how
people perceive color across distinct nations, such as the United States and Japan. I hypothesized that
Eastern perceptions of color may differ from Western perceptions. To test this hypothesis, I conducted a
cross-national study with an online semantic differential followed by a revised version of the Suinn-Lew
acculturation scale in the US and Japan. In the online study, participants rated colors on a seven point
Likert scale (1 = negative; 7 = positive). Results demonstrate that across cultural contexts, people
perceived the color white more positively as a function of acculturation to heritage culture; however, there
was a cultural difference with the color blue because Americans who reported greater acculturation to
Western values perceived blue as more positive, whereas Japanese who reported greater acculturation to
Eastern values perceived blue as more negative.
149
S09
The Relationship of Daily Activities to the States of Mind and Academic Performances of Illinois
Mathematics and Science Academy Students Enrolled in Physiology and Disease or Biophysics
Courses
Presenter(s)
Natalie Runkle, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Christopher Kolar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Deborah McGrath, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Relationships exist between teenagers' activities, self-satisfaction, and academic performances. This
study's purpose was to examine daily activities of IMSA students taking Physiology and Disease (PAD)
and Biophysics, and to study relationships between these activities and students' reported moods and final
grades. An electronic survey was created to measure hours spent by subjects in various activities and to
examine subjects' locations, moods, and companions at specific times. This survey was distributed nine
times to thirty-two volunteer subjects. A final survey was created and administered; subjects reported a
final grade in PAD or Biophysics. Because of the unexpectedly narrow grade distribution, it was
impossible to look for behaviors that contributed to grade variation. Relationships between reported
activities and reported moods were analyzed using binary logistic regression. A significant relationship
was found between subjects' good moods and the amount of homework performed on a given night. An
additional hour of homework decreased the likelihood of a good mood to seventy percent of the baseline.
Contributions of sports, sleep, video games, socializing, internet, hobbies, and idleness were controlled
for and not statistically significant. These results provide information connecting students' activities and
their states of mind and can be used to improve time management.
S10
The Influence of Anticipated Gender-Specific Roles on the Career Aspirations of Female IMSA
Students
Presenter(s)
Sydney Tomasko, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
David Evenson, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
There is a disparity in America regarding the number of women employed in certain high-paying careers.
This study focuses on how female IMSA students may choose their future careers, knowing that in their
adult lives, there will be factors that influence them to choose more flexible and less time-consuming
careers. A survey was created and administered to female IMSA students. The focus was to ask which
careers they find themselves capable of performing well in, and then what careers they would consider
when they think of getting married and having children. The implications of this study directly relate to
the careers that women gifted in math and science will choose. This study will increase awareness in the
factors that cause women to choose certain careers, and possibly influence their future career decisions.
150
S11
Ways of Discussing Mother Nature: Differences in Sharing Learned Information About the
Menstrual Cycle Among Adolescent Girls in Residential Versus Commuter Schools
Presenter(s)
Jessica Ventenilla, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Sowmya Anjur, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
David Evenson, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Christopher Kolar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Adolescent girls experiencing the menstrual cycle for the first time may consult adults, peers, and
available media for more information on women's health and what to expect when entering this stage of
life. It has been observed that mutual sharing of information about the menstrual cycle helps teens deal
with puberty better. A ten question survey was constructed to identify any differences in sharing
menstrual cycle information between adolescent girls in residential and commuter school communities.
The survey will be administered to fifty high school girls from a commuter school and fifty high school
girls in a residential school to observe differences, if any, between how adolescent girls share information
with each other and what resources they utilize based on their environment. By observing how girls
handle menarche both physically and academically, it may be possible to gather information on whether
families and the school system are meeting teens' expectations in terms of providing accurate and helpful
information about the menstrual cycle.
S12
The Effect of Homelessness on Executive Functions in Homeless Youth
Presenter(s)
Kevin Zhang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Scott Hunter, University of Chicago
Executive functions (EF) like inhibition, mental flexibility, and problem solving do not completely
develop until adulthood. For young adults, significant stressors, like homelessness, can have a significant
impact on the development of EF, leading to cognitive difficulties. This study examined the effect of time
spent homeless on the development of EF in fifty-two youth living in Chicago shelters (26 males/26
females, mean age is 19, 85% African-American). EF was measured using select subtests from the Delis-
Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS), the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), and the Tower of London,
Drexel University Edition (TOL-DX). Demographic information was collected through interview. Results
revealed a significant negative correlation between a visual scanning task and the longest homeless
period, and a significant positive correlation between number of homeless episodes last year and a
Number Sequencing task. MANOVA and regressions were not significant. Lack of significant findings
may be due to the impact of potential moderating factors, including educational status and intelligence
quotient. There may be relationships between homelessness and EF development, however our sample
size may be too small; larger sample size could elucidate potential relationships between time spent
homeless and the development of EF.
151
T01
Culture Shocked: A Study of How Differences in Cultural Values Impact International
Collaboration
Presenter(s)
Michael Atten, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Glenn "Max" McGee, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Technology has shrunk the globe, ushering in an era of rapid globalization and the problems that come
with it. These global problems will require global solutions, and students in schools today will be the ones
to solve them. Nations will need to collaborate to thrive, and, while filled with enormous potential,
international collaboration faces several challenges. In an effort to understand these challenges, a series of
interviews was constructed for Chinese and American students, teachers, and scientists. The interviews
examined the differences between the cultures and education systems of China and the United States to
evaluate how they either promote or impede international collaboration, ultimately suggesting methods
for overcoming these impediments. This study determined the largest barriers affecting international
collaboration include different languages, respect for intellectual property, additional time commitments,
distribution of workload and resources, and prejudices against and stereotypes of other countries and
cultures. These barriers, along with the disparities in cultures across the globe, make collaboration
difficult, yet the common ground of knowledge, commitment to partnership, and passion for education
can surmount these obstacles. This study's recommendations will assist students, educators, and scientists
in developing productive collaborative relationships with their colleagues around the world.
T02
An Examination of the Polish American Experience
Presenter(s)
Sophia Baramidze, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
James Victory, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
The Polish Americans display many characteristics similar to the immigrant groups of today. We want to
pick out those qualities and compare them to the conditions of a group of immigrants in the current
United States. The main source of information comes from a literature review. So far we have found that
a troubled home country and promising opportunities lured many Polish to emigrate from Poland to the
United States. Once in the US, many Polish faced the challenges of low wages, labor-oriented jobs, and
ridicule from other Americans. The patterns from a hundred years ago are clearer in hindsight, but if we
can take what we know about the Polish then, and apply it to today, then we may be able to foresee the
same struggles in another group.
152
T03
The State of Somalia: The United Nations in Practice and in Theory Since the Decolonization Era
Presenter(s)
Sharadyn Ciota, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Eric Smith, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
This inquiry was to investigate how internal conflicts have international effects using the collapse of
Somalia as the primary example. Internal conflict in Africa has become an interest of the world powers
and the United Nations mainly since the era of decolonization. The United Nations developed policies on
how to handle internal conflict that were viewed as an international threat. This study used textual
analysis of international theory as well as United Nations documents. The literature of how the United
Nations should work in theory was compared to the documents that represented how the United Nations
executed peace keeping in the case of Somalia. It was found that, in theory, the United Nations cannot
intervene with peace keeping forces unless it has consent from both of the warring parties. In the case of
Somalia, the United Nations failed to abide by the peace keeping policies. The United Nation's efforts to
improve the state and stability of Somalia both from the United Nations and non-governmental
organizations failed, and the world is still dealing with the effects of the tragedy in Somalia.
T04
An International Energy Assessment: The Benefits and Pitfalls of Nuclear Power in the Modern
Age
Presenter(s)
Richard Fafara, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Alexander Stratton, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Robert Kiely, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Nuclear power is an important alternative energy source that is frequently misunderstood by the general
populace. The purpose of this study is to show the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power in the
United States today. During the first portion of our study we drew upon background research in order to
gain a better understanding of the basic technologies of nuclear power. In the second portion of our study,
we have researched domestic and international politics of nuclear power, as well as the relevant economic
and environmental issues. We have found that although nuclear power is clouded in controversy, the
benefits far outweigh the risks. The news media exaggerate the concerns of radiation, nuclear disasters,
and proliferation. In reality, nuclear power provides an environmentally friendly energy source with zero
emissions that can one day be the cure to the world's fossil fuel addiction. However, there are legitimate
reasons to be concerned with disposal of nuclear waste. By showing that it is a safe, clean, and efficient
alternative energy source, we hope to erase previous misconceptions about nuclear power.
153
T05
Eurovision, the Ultimate European Song Contest: Talent or Politics?
Presenter(s)
Inga Gurevich, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Alexandra Roman, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Lee Eysturlid, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Christian Nokkentved, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
The Eurovision Song Contest debuted in 1956, bringing Europe together for a grandiose international
song competition. Annually, countries belonging to the European Broadcasting Union are represented
with a single musical performance. After two semifinals and a final, a winning country is determined
based on votes from the live audience and viewers throughout Europe. Our research study focused on
collecting voting data from all the participating countries from 1991 to 2009. Votes that fell into the top
twenty-fifth percentile and the bottom twenty-fifth percentile were analyzed in order to find trends. Two
important patterns emerged in the research. First, strong voting blocs exist within the countries of the
former Soviet Union, as well as the Scandinavian and Balkan regions. These blocs are based on cultural
and political ties. An apparent difference appears between Western and Eastern European countries as
well. Since the Eastern European countries are relatively new to the contest, they try to have more
influence by working together. This study shows that while Eurovision is not purely about politics,
neither is it purely about talent; it's a combination of international events, voting blocs, and captivating
performances.
T06
Beauty Advertisement and its Effects on the Body Image of Female IMSA Students
Presenter(s)
Gina Jung, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Madison Schroeder, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Amanda Gray, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Lauren Lutz, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
The association between low-self esteem and poor body image is almost a uniquely female trait. When
women see images that show thinness in a positive light, as in beauty advertising, they are more likely to
think poorly enough of their bodies to develop an eating disorder. While these cases are relatively rare
and extreme, they underline the power beauty advertising holds on the psyche of females. This study
seeks to further uncover the influence of beauty advertising on women, specifically female students at the
Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy (IMSA). IMSA was chosen as the location of the study
because of its nature as an accelerated, residential high school, which may alter the perception of beauty
advertising by the girls who attend the school. A survey has been created for a sample of female IMSA
students and seeks to find if the amount of advertisements seen by a participant affects her self esteem.
Furthermore, it is designed to show if other factors, beyond advertisement, alter participants' body image
and if they use different methods, such as exercise, starvation, or dieting, to address these feelings.
Results may lead to recommendations for improvement of residential programming at IMSA.
154
T07
The Significance of the Latino Vote in the Presidential Election of 2012
Presenter(s)
Itzel Lopez, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Uriel Ramirez, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Juan Andrade, US Hispanic Leadership Institute
Marcos Popovich, US Hispanic Leadership Institute
The growth of the Latino population, combined with increased Latino voter registration and voter turnout,
has led to increased Latino political influence in the U.S. Focusing on the sixteen major electoral vote
states where 91% of Latino voters are concentrated, this study analyzed the influence of Latino voters in
presidential elections by reviewing Census data, election results, exit polls, and national surveys. These
sixteen states have a combined total of three-hundred electoral votes, well above the two-hundred and
seventy needed to win. To win, Democratic presidential candidates must garner over 70% of the Latino
vote. Conversely, the key for Republican presidential candidates to win is to deny their Democratic
opponents a strong majority of Latino votes. Thus, both Republican and Democratic presidential
candidates must obtain significant support from Latino voters in order to win the presidency. Because
Latino voters possess substantial influence in presidential elections, the 2012 presidential candidates must
direct significant time and resources towards winning over Latino voters. The 2012 presidential
candidates must address issues that are most important to Latino voters, such as education, jobs, health
care, and immigration.
T08
IMSA's Understanding of the Abortion Issue
Presenter(s)
John McGuire, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
David Evenson, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Abortion is a very controversial issue in America. Both pro-life and pro-choice activists make many
arguments about this issue; many of their arguments are based on scientific data that is often inconsistent
from study to study. Abortion research is ample; however studies on abortion tend to focus on the
woman's experience or the health risks that could be associated with the abortion procedure and not on
how well the public understands the science behind the abortion issue. In this study, I examined the public
understanding of the abortion process and the research surrounding abortion. Specifically, I chose to study
the general Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy (IMSA) population. I wrote a survey based on two
research topics: What are people saying online about specific abortion issues? and What does scientific
literature say about this issue? After researching the issues discussed and finding scientific literature that
discusses the same issue, I created a survey to see how well students at IMSA understand the important
abortion literature. I am still in the process of releasing this survey at the time of this writing. Survey
results will be discussed.
155
T09
The Representation of Female and Male Cross-Dressing in Popular Culture
Presenter(s)
Perry Nelson, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Daniel Gleason, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Cross-dressing, particularly as a method of disguise, has been used as a storytelling device for centuries,
both for women and men. However, it is usually the case that men dressed as women are present for
comedic purposes, and women dressed as men are figures of drama. The dichotomy of these differing
narrative choices implies that women gain power when dressing like men, but men are degraded by
looking like women. This investigation, looking at the differences between how genders are portrayed
when dressing like the opposite sex, further explores this occurrence. Twelve different stories of varied
media types, including novels, films, and a television episode, all containing cross-dressing have been
reviewed and analyzed for any sexist bias, and then compared against each other for noticeable patterns
among them. It is evident from this that there are several misogynistic tropes that appear frequently in
cross-dressing scenarios, which is indicative of a broader chauvinistic culture that pervades our society.
T10
The Veteran Struggle: Returning to Civilian Life
Presenter(s)
Maura Slattery, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Hannah Swerbenski, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
James Victory, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
The stressors within the combat environment are drastically different from civilian stresses. This stress
leaves active soldiers subject to non-typical stress and traumatizing experiences. Permanent change
inflicted by these experiences can be physical and emotional. In order to evaluate what permanent
changes veterans underwent, we analyzed news articles, online videos, movies, published papers, and
statistics. Through this research, we have noted a consistent and prominent change in returning war
veterans. We explored interaction with spouse and family, care and support available to veterans adjusting
to civilian life, unusually hyperactive alert responses and other Post Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms,
and other daily difficulties caused by physical injuries. Through our research, we evaluated trends among
all veterans, and struggles unique to individuals. Veterans typically face different types of stress from
civilians, and their ability and methods of coping with this abnormal stress vary. In many cases, this stress
causes unhealthy, abnormal behaviors, and in some cases, influences not only the veterans, but those in
close relation to veterans. Further, veterans often don't receive adequate assistance in their adjustment to
civilian life. Identifying the major problems that returning veterans face, will help improve care and
treatment available for them.
156
T11
Invisible Wounds: The Implications of Closed Head Injury Caused by High Explosives
Presenter(s)
Ian Wilkinson, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
James Victory, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Every time a soldier in Afghanistan exits his base to perform a mission or a high school football player
jogs onto the field, they run the risk of experiencing closed head injuries. By analyzing studies,
interviews, books, news articles, and personal narratives, I've come to understand many implications of
traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) in the military. TBIs represent the quintessential modern combat injury.
Though combatants have experienced head trauma since the introduction of warfare, proportionally more
soldiers than ever before suffer and live with the impact of TBIs. The cost of veterans' medical care is
increasing rapidly; the Department of Veterans Affairs medical budget was $51 billion in 2011 alone.
Soldiers experience difficulty with re-adjusting to civilian life. Because of their TBIs, many suffer from
loss of hearing, smell, or sight, and irritability, difficulty sleeping, and so forth for the rest of their lives.
The research conducted in this investigation, as well as that in others like it, provides a foundation for the
understanding of the lives of our modern veterans and for future policy decisions of the government that
cares for them.
T12
Education Systems in China and Their Effect on Leadership Development
Presenter(s)
Stanley Yuan, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Robert Kiely, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
As the world becomes more interconnected, people from different nations are learning and interacting
more than ever. The Chinese education system and its effects on the development of China's leaders is the
object of this study. An examination of different Chinese curricula and educational strategies
demonstrates the stress placed by the Chinese system on particular leadership qualities. In general, the
Confucian attitude pervades the Chinese education system, and the culture as a whole. This mentality has
a huge effect on leadership development. Traditionally, the exam centered education in China has led to a
strong emphasis on rote learning and memorization. This has influenced leaders in China, as there is a
mentality of simply following directions. From accounts and interviews about the current Chinese
education system, China's education system is being overhauled to adapt to the modern world. It aims to
develop a balanced person, as opposed to just teaching facts. As shown by current leaders in China, this is
correlated with what Chinese leaders believe to be the most important qualities to have. Understanding
how leaders in China have developed could be beneficial when working with them; a lot could even be
learned from them.
157
U01
Connection Between Pressure and Molecular Hydrogen in Galaxies
Presenter(s)
Jose Hernandez, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Robert Feldmann, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Nick Gnedin, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Most stars in the Universe are formed out of molecular gas. Observations have found an empirical
relationship between the abundance of cosmic gas that is in molecular form, and the total pressure in a
diverse set of galaxies, but the origin of this connection continues to puzzle astronomers. In this project
we study, theoretically, how the abundance of the molecular gas depends on the galactic environment, in
particular the chemical composition and the intensity of cosmic ultraviolet radiation. We analyzed a set of
computer simulations that model wide variations in galactic environment and compared these theoretical
models to the observational data. We found a good match to the observed relation between the molecular
gas and the total galactic pressure for some galactic environments. However, our primary result is that any
such relation is dependent on the galactic environment. We make a theoretical prediction that the
observed relation will be modified in dwarf galaxies and in galaxies observed at large distances (and,
hence, at the early stages of their formation). These predictions will be checked by future observations
with a new large radio telescope (Atacama Large Millimeter Array, or ALMA) being built by the
international consortium in Chile.
158
2010-2011 Student Recognition
The below accomplishments are a summary from the 2010-2011 academic year
Ruchi Aggarwal: Characterizations of BACE1 Endocytosis
Advisors: Virginie Buggia-Prevot and Gopal Thinakaran; University of Chicago
Presented at the American Junior Academy of Sciences conference at the American Association for the
Advancement of Science annual conference, Feb.16-20, 2011 in Washington DC
Ruchi Aggarwal: The Effects of Cell Demographics on ADDL Binding and Toxicity
Advisors: William Klein, Gina Boylan, Anil Wadhwani and Pascale Lacor; Northwestern University
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist; IJAS State Competition gold award
Courtney Amegashie: Effect of High Nitric Oxide Microenvironments on Oral Cancer Cell Migration
Advisor: James Radosevich; University of Illinois at Chicago
Presented at University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry Clinic and Research Day, March 10,
2011 in Chicago, Illinois
Stephanie Cheng: Stellar Nursery: The Relationship between a Spiral Galaxy's Bar and Its Star Formation
Advisors: Lucy Fortson, Geza Gyuk, and Mark Subbarao; Adler Planetarium
Presented at NCSSSMST Student Research Symposium, June 6-9, 2010 in Hoboken, New Jersey
Dane Christianson: Engineering a Water Filter for Developing Countries: Varying Lateral Thickness to
Optimize Flow Rates
Advisors: Mark Carlson and Sarah O’Leary-Driscoll; Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Presented at WaterCon 2011, March 22-23, 2011 in Springfield, Illinois
Henry Deng: Networks of Ultrasmall Pd/Cr Bilayer Nanowires - A New Type of High Performance
Hydrogen Sensor
Advisors: Zhili Xiao, Hsien-Hau Wang, and Michael Latimer; Argonne National Laboratory
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist and IJAS Region V ASM Materials
Education Foundation Award; IJAS State Competition: gold award, Best in Category Materials Science,
Chicago Section of the American Nuclear Society - Superior Achievement in Science and Technology;
Intel International Science and Engineering Fair Finalist
Victor Duan: A Novel Clustering Method via Nucleotide-Based Fourier Power Spectrum Analysis
Advisor: Stephen Yau; University of Illinois at Chicago
70th Annual Intel Science Talent Search Semi-finalist; Chicago Region Junior Science and Humanities
Symposium Finalist and Second Place Winner
Brinda Gupta: Effect of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridnium on Dopamine Neuron Loss in LPS Mouse Model of
Parkinson's Disease
Advisors: Paul Carvey, Bill Hendey, Toia Giuseppe, and Aditi Patel; Rush University Medical Center
IJAS Region V Society for In Vitro Biology Award
Derek Hardin: On Potentially Planar Graphic Degree Sequences
Advisor: Noah Prince; Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Siemens Competition Regional Semi-Finalist; 70th Annual Intel Science Talent Search Semi-Finalist
Mohammed Hayat: Neutrino Oscillations and the NOvA Experiment
Advisors: Maury Goodman, Sarah Budd, and Michelangelo D'Agostino; Argonne National Laboratory
Presented at NCSSSMST Student Research Symposium, June 6-9, 2010 in Hoboken, New Jersey
Dorcas Huang: The Effects of Sanitizers on the Survival of Stressed Salmonella enteritidis on Shelled Eggs
Advisors: Wei Zhang and Jill Vogan; Illinois Institute of Technology
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist; IJAS State Competition: gold award
159
Eric Huang: Proteasome Inhibition of Lithocholic Acid Derivatives
Advisor: Chin Ho Chen; Duke University
Siemens Competition Regional Finalist; Presented at the American Junior Academy of Sciences conference
at the American Association for the Advancement of Science annual conference, Feb.16-20, 2011 in
Washington DC; Chicago Region Junior Science and Humanities Symposium Finalist
Aditya Karan: Understanding the Formation of Torodial Spiral Particle
Advisor: Ying Liu; University of Illinois at Chicago
IJAS Region V National Society of Professional Engineers Award
Emil Khabiboulline: Modeling of Quench Protection Techniques in Superconducting Solenoid Magnets
Advisors: Iouri Terechkine and MicahelTartaglia; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist and IJAS Region V Yale Science and
Engineering Association, Inc Award; IJAS State Competition: gold award, Best in Category Physics; Intel
International Science and Engineering Fair Finalist; Special Award winner: European Organization for
Nuclear Research-CERN - all expense paid trip to CERN summer 2011
Vignessh Kumar: Characterization of HuR Overexpression in a Post-Ischemic Penumbra
Advisors: Agnieszka Ardelt and Randall Carpenter; University of Chicago
Chicago Region Junior Science and Humanities Symposium Finalist and First Place Winner
Samuel Kwak: Development and Evaluation of a Prosthetic Ankle that Mechanically Adapts to Sloped Surfaces
Advisors: Stefania Fatone and Eric Nickel; Northwestern University
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist, IJAS Region V US Army Grand Prize
Winner; IJAS State Competition: gold award
Kiwook Lee: Optimizing Nanometer-Scale Features
Advisors: David Czaplewski, Katherine Becker, Leonidas Ocala, and Joshi Imre; Argonne National
Laboratory
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist, IJAS Region V US Navy Award; IJAS State
Competition: gold award; Intel International Science and Engineering Fair Finalist
Justine Ly: Endothelial Cell ICAM-1-dependent Signaling Negatively Regulates MCP-1Production
Advisor: Guoquan Liu; University of Illinois at Chicago
Co-author of abstract presented at Experimental Biology 2011 April 9-13, 2011, Washington D.C.
(Guoquan Liu, Katherine Shi, Justine Ly, Aaron T. Place, Farnaz Bakshi, Richard D. Minshall)
Corinne Madsen: An Extension of the Erdös-Ginzburg-Ziv Theorem: Non-Zero Sums in Zn
Advisor: Noah Prince; Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Siemens Competition Regional Semi-Finalist; 70th Annual Intel Science Talent Search Semi-Finalist
Egle Malinauskaite: Mapping Verbal Memory Areas in Epileptic Patients Through Electrocorticographic
Readings of Subdural Electrodes
Advisor: Vernon Leo Towle; University of Chicago
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist and IJAS Region V US Army Award; IJAS
State Competition: gold award, Best in Category Health Science
Janani Mandayam Comar: Auditory and Pheromone Sensing in Trpml3 Knockout Mice
Advisor: Jaime Garcia-Anoveros; Northwestern University
Siemens Competition Regional Semi-Finalist; Chicago Region Junior Science and Humanities Symposium
Finalist; Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist; IJAS State Competition: gold
award, Best in Category Cellular and Molecular Biology
160
Lydia Matthews: The Role of Pigment Epithelium Derived Factor in the Expression of p21 and p27 in
Pancreatic Cancer
Advisor: Paul Grippo; Northwestern University
Presented at the International Student Science Fair, September 13-17, 2010 in Adelaide, Australia
Jacob Miller: Metal Alkoxide Functionalization in Metal-Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Ambient-
Temperature Hydrogen Storage
Advisor: Rachel Getman; Northwestern University
Published in The Journal of Physical Chemistry C (2011) Vol. 115 No.5, pp 2066–2075 (Rachel B.
Getman, Jacob H. Miller, Kenneth Wang, and Randall Q. Snurr)
Madhav Mohandas: Effect of Mechanical Forces and Cleavage Plane Orientation on Epithelial Geometry
and Topology
Advisor: Jie Liang; University of Illinois at Chicago
Chicago Region Junior Science and Humanities Symposium Finalist; IJAS Region V Intel Excellence in
Computer Science Award
Madhav Mohandas: Climate-Based Predictive Modeling of Seasonal Influenza Outbreaks
Regional Finalist in the Young Epidemiology Scholarship
Daniel Pak: Harmaline and Sodium Benzoate, Food Processing By-Product and Preservative, Induced
Mitochondrial Damages: A Possible Implication in Degenerative Diseases
Advisor: Youngmi Kim Pak; Kyung-Hee University
Siemens Competition Regional Semi-Finalist; 70th Annual Intel Science Talent Search Semi-Finalist
Daniel Pak: Specific Cellular Uptake of Targeted Liposomes in Cancer Cells
Advisor: Seungpyo Hong; University of Illinois at Chicago
Presented at the American Junior Academy of Sciences conference at the American Association for the
Advancement of Science annual conference, Feb.16-20, 2011 in Washington DC
Sai Parepally: Auditory and Pheromone Sensing in Trpml3 Knockout Mice
Advisor: Jaime Garcia-Anoveros; Northwestern University
Siemens Competition Regional Semi-Finalist; Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition
Finalist; IJAS State Competition: gold award, Best in Category Cellular and Molecular Biology
Areen Pitaktong: The Role of MAN2A2 Expression in Glioma Proliferation and Invasivity
Advisors: Roger Kroes, Mary Schmidt, and Joseph Moskal; Northwestern University
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist; IJAS State Competition: gold award,
National Anti-Vivisection Society - Best Advancement in the Humane or Alternative to the Use of Animals
in Research
Peter Purnyn: Smartphone Applications
Advisors: Pat Patankar and Namrata Pandya; Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Presented at the International Student Science Fair, September 13-17, 2011 in Adelaide, Australia
Nishith Reddy: CdS/ZnS Quantum Dot-Photoexcited Glucose Oxidase Biosensor for Ag+ Detection in
Contaminated Aqueous Environments
Advisor: Karl Rockne; University of Illinois at Chicago
Chicago Region Junior Science and Humanities Symposium Finalist; US Stockholm Junior Water Prize
second place; presented at the 84th Annual Water Environment Federation Technical Exhibition and
Conference, October 15 - 19, 2011 in Los Angeles, California
Nishith Reddy: The Effect of Transgenic MA20 on Inflammation of the Intestinal Epithelium
Advisor: David Boone; University of Chicago
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist
161
Nicole Runkle: Paracingulate Gyrus Influences Cognition, Negative Symptoms, and Personality in
Schizophrenia
Advisors: Matthew Smith and Lei Wang; Northwestern University
Siemens Competition Regional Semi-Finalist; Presented at the Eighth Annual RITS Super Science Fair,
Nov 1-6, 2010 in Kyoto, Japan; 70th Annual Intel Science Talent Search Semi-Finalist
Mehal Shah: Characterizations of BACE1 Endocytosis
Advisors: Virginie Buggia-Prevot and Gopal Thinakaran; University of Chicago
Presented at the American Junior Academy of Sciences conference at the American Association for the
Advancement of Science annual conference, Feb.16-20, 2011 in Washington DC
Mehal Shah: Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates from
Newborn Infants
Advisor: Bill Kabat; Children's Memorial Research Center
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist; IJAS State Competition: gold award, Best
in Category Microbiology, South Central Association for Clinical Microbiology - Outstanding
Achievement in Clinical Microbiology
Katherine Shi: Endothelial Cell ICAM-1-dependent Signaling Negatively Regulates MCP-1Production
Advisor: Guoquan Liu; University of Illinois at Chicago
Co-author of abstract presented at Experimental Biology 2011 April 9-13, 2011, Washington D.C.
(Guoquan Liu, Katherine Shi, Justine Ly, Aaron T. Place, Farnaz Bakshi, Richard D. Minshall)
Mahi Singh: Effect of Dnmt3b Deficiency on DNA Methylation Status of Myc-Induced Mediastinal
Lymphomas
Advisors: Lucy Godley, Janet LePore, and Aparna Vasanthakumar; University of Chicago Presented at the
International Student Science Fair, Sept 13-17, 2010 in Adelaide, Australia
Shruthi Subramanian: The Effects of Cell Demographics on ADDL Binding and Toxicity
Advisor: William Klein, Gina Boylan, Anil Wadhwani and Pascale Lacor; Northwestern University
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist;IJAS State competition gold award
Michelle Suh: The Comparison of the Different Radiotherapy Neutron Sources in Various Facilities for the
Optimal Result in Neutron Therapy
Advisor: Thomas Kroc; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist; IJAS Region V American Nuclear Society
Award; IJAS Region V US Navy Award; IJAS State competition silver award, Chicago Section of the
American Nuclear Society - Superior Achievement in Science and Technology
Divya Tankasala: Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates from
Newborn Infants
Advisor: Bill Kabat; Children's Memorial Research Center
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist; IJAS State Competition: gold award, Best
in Category Microbiology, South Central Association for Clinical Microbiology - Outstanding
Achievement in Clinical Microbiology
Sumana Vardhan: Biology of Bone Development in Leukemia Patients
Advisor: Kimberley Dilley; Northwestern University
Presented at NCSSSMST Student Research Symposium, June 6-9, 2010 in Hoboken, New Jersey
Kenneth Wang: Metal Alkoxide Functionalization in Metal-Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Ambient-
Temperature Hydrogen Storage
Advisor: Rachel Getman; Northwestern University
Published in The Journal of Physical Chemistry C (2011) Vol. 115 No.5, pp 2066–2075 (Rachel B.
Getman, Jacob H. Miller, Kenneth Wang, and Randall Q. Snurr)
162
Paul Yuan: Mapping Verbal Memory Through Electrocorticographic Readings of Subdural Electrodes
Advisor: Vernon L. Towle; University of Chicago
Siemens Competition Regional Semi-Finalist; Presented at the Eighth Annual RITS Super Science Fair,
Nov 1-6, 2010 in Kyoto, Japan; Chicago Region Junior Science and Humanities Symposium Finalist
Johannes Zhou: Discovery of Novel Phytoconstituents for Anticancer from the Aerial Parts of Cimicifuga
fetida
Advisors: Hongjie Zhang and Norman R Farnsworth; University of Illinois at Chicago
Presented at the Eighth Annual RITS Super Science Fair, Nov. 1-6, 2010 in Kyoto, Japan
163
Index
Poster
Number
Page
Number Name Time Room
I01 85 Jorge Acosta 11:15 B-108
G01 80 Yusuf Aktan 10:00 B-108
C01 46 Soham Ali 08:45 B-133
P01 102 Courtney Amegashie 09:35 A-117
P02 103 Courtney Amegashie 10:00 A-117
R01 135 Vidya Anjur 12:55 A-113
T01 151 Michael Atten 09:35 Acad. Pit A-138
C02 46 Lydia Auch 1:20 A-155
Q01 119 Megan Bacani 10:25 A-119
N01 100 Jennifer Bailey 09:35 Lect. Hall B-206
H01 83 Karina Banda 10:00 A-147
T02 151 Sophia Baramidze 1:20 A-149
R02 135 Wesley Beck 09:35 A-149
K01 92 Mitchell Bieniek 09:10 Acad. Pit A-138
P03 104 Wendy Bindeman 10:00 A-115
I02 85 Paul Bogdan 08:45 B-148
K02 93 Ty Bottorff 11:15 D-110
I01 85 Ayun Brown 11:15 B-108
P04 104 Seth Butcher 2:10 A-151
R03 136 Emily Camras 2:10 A-113
C03 47 Yiyun Cao 12:30 A-117
P05 105 Alice Chang 1:20 A-147
P06 105 Ajay Chatrath 10:25 D-103
E01 72 Brian Chen 10:25 A-155
I03 86 Gary Chen 10:00 A-121
K03 93 Christina Cheng 1:20 D-110
F01 77 Brian Chien 10:25 A-113
R04 136 Kathleen Chinetti 2:10 A-155
Q02 120 Ashley Chong 09:10 Lect. Hall B-206
P07 106 Kevin Chong 1:20 A-115
I04 86 Sanggyu (Raymond) Chong 2:10 A-117
E02 72 Sanggyu (Raymond) Chong 1:45 A-117
Q03 120 Zi-Ning Choo 10:00 Acad. Pit A-138
Q04 121 Zi-Ning Choo 10:50 Acad. Pit A-138
S01 145 Wei-en Chu 08:45 Kids Inst. E-115
T03 152 Sharadyn Ciota 1:20 A-133
C04 47 Francis Cocjin 10:25 B-148
N01 100 Katia Colin 09:35 Lect. Hall B-206
164
J01 92 Brianna Collender 11:15 A-151
H02 83 Morgan Ashley Craft 09:35 Kids Inst. E-115
P08 106 Breanna Dachsteiner 09:10 D-103
H03 84 Margaret Daly 09:10 A-155
C05 48 Shelby Daniel-Wayman 12:55 B-133
C02 46 Christine Darabaris 1:20 A-155
P09 107 Sonya Dave 12:30 A-147
C06 49 Sonya Dave 1:45 Acad. Pit A-138
R05 137 Jasmine Davila 1:20 D-107
G02 81 Henry Deng 11:15 A-133
K04 94 Grace DiCecco 09:10 B-110
Q05 121 Mary Do 10:50 A-119
Q06 122 Mary Do 11:15 A-119
K05 94 Logan Dodd 10:00 D-107
C08 51 Sruthi Doniparthi 08:45 A-115
C07 50 Sruthi Doniparthi 09:10 A-115
F02 77 Mosab Elagha 1:45 A-147
K02 93 Kenzo Esquivel 11:15 D-110
S02 145 Victoria Etherton 1:20 Lect. Hall B-206
T04 152 Richard Fafara 12:55 A-115
E03 73 Yan-Yang Feng 2:10 Kids Inst. E-115
H04 84 Lucija Filipac 08:45 Acad. Pit A-138
K06 95 Christian Fitzsimmons 11:15 A-149
F03 78 Joshua Fornek 09:35 D-103
C09 52 Nicholas Fung 09:35 A-115
H01 83 Joscelyn Garcia 10:00 A-147
R06 137 Arjun Garg 12:55 A-155
Q07 123 Dominic Gentile 10:00 Lect. Hall B-206
S03 146 Mallory Giger 10:00 A-151
R05 137 Quinn Gingerevans 1:20 D-107
C10 52 Beatrice Go 09:35 A-151
M01 98 Luis Gomez 2:10 D-107
O01 101 Austin Gonzalez 10:00 A-135
R07 138 Ethan Gordon 10:25 A-131
L01 97 Carol Gu 2:10 D-110
P10 108 Annie Guo 2:10 B-108
B01 41 Eaton Guo 1:20 A-151
C11 53 Ashima Gupta 09:35 B-108
Q08 124 Brinda Gupta 09:10 B-133
G03 81 Saarthak Gupta 10:25 A-135
T05 153 Inga Gurevich 10:25 D-110
165
C12 53 Katherine Havighorst 1:45 B-108
S04 146 Riley Helm 09:10 D-107
P11 108 Rachel Hermes 09:10 A-151
U01 157 Jose Hernandez 2:10 B-133
Q09 124 Grant Herrman 11:15 B-148
K05 94 Bryan Hoffman 10:00 D-107
P12 109 Rae Hohle 1:45 A-133
Q10 125 Kevin Hong 11:15 Kids Inst. E-115
S05 147 Corey Hornbeck 2:10 A-115
C13 54 Dorcas Huang 1:45 A-149
C14 54 Jennifer Huang 10:25 A-117
C15 55 Jimmy Huang 10:50 A-131
R08 138 Jimmy Huang 11:15 A-131
C16 56 Seneca Hutson 12:55 D-103
R10 139 Aadam Ibrahim 1:20 D-103
R09 139 Aadam Ibrahim 2:10 A-135
A01 38 Osazomon Imarenezor 12:55 A-135
S06 147 Taylor Imburgia 1:45 Kids Inst. E-115
P13 109 Eun Ji Jeong 08:45 A-151
N02 100 Mindy Jian 08:45 A-155
G04 82 Irene Jiang 09:35 D-110
C17 56 Tejas Joshi 10:00 B-148
K03 93 Harsha Jujjavarapu 1:20 D-110
T06 153 Gina Jung 10:00 Kids Inst. E-115
I05 87 Aditya Karan 1:45 A-151
C18 57 Kaylee Karumanchi 10:25 D-107
M02 98 Connor Kasch 1:45 A-115
Q11 125 Lakshmi Katta 10:25 Acad. Pit A-138
G05 82 Samuel Kaufman 1:20 Kids Inst. E-115
B02 41 Nilesh Kavthekar 10:00 A-113
R11 140 Emil Khabiboulline 08:45 A-133
B03 42 Akram Khaja 08:45 A-121
R12 140 Akram Khaja 09:10 A-121
S01 145 Cherish Kim 08:45 Kids Inst. E-115
C19 57 Jiwon Kim 10:50 B-148
Q12 126 Kathryn Kim 12:55 D-110
C14 54 Melissa Kim 10:25 A-117
Q13 127 Sooyeon Kim 09:35 A-155
I06 87 Keith Kimberling 1:45 A-155
C20 58 Hannah Koo 10:25 A-149
C12 53 Brooke Kottkamp 1:45 B-108
166
B04 42 Krishna Kudaravalli 10:25 A-121
C21 58 Dipen Kumar 1:20 B-133
E04 73 Nishita Kumar 12:55 D-107
Q07 123 Previn Kumar 10:00 Lect. Hall B-206
C22 59 Vignessh Kumar 1:45 D-103
P14 110 Vignessh Kumar 2:10 D-103
I07 88 Benjamin Kuo 11:15 D-103
C23 59 Shannon Kurian 1:20 A-117
E05 74 Joshua Lam 2:10 B-148
K07 95 Clare Leahy 12:55 Lect. Hall B-206
M03 99 Mia Leckie 1:45 D-107
A02 38 Jenny Lee 10:50 A-133
B05 43 John Lee 09:10 A-133
K02 93 Olivia Legan 11:15 D-110
E06 74 Grace Li 1:45 B-148
E07 75 Jingfei Li 08:45 D-107
R13 141 Jingfei Li 10:25 B-110
E03 73 Mingyang (Jennifer) Li 2:10 Kids Inst. E-115
P15 111 Shelly Li 08:45 A-117
Q03 120 Ted Li 10:00 Acad. Pit A-138
Q04 121 Ted Li 10:50 Acad. Pit A-138
P16 111 Xiaoyu Li 1:45 A-113
B06 43 Claire Liang 12:55 B-148
F04 78 Jason Lin 09:35 A-135
R14 141 Emily Lindgren 08:45 A-131
C24 60 Sarah Lisk 08:45 D-110
C25 60 Christine Liu 08:45 B-110
T07 154 Itzel Lopez 12:55 A-119
E06 74 Lily Lou 1:45 B-148
R15 142 Joshua Love 10:25 B-108
R16 142 Peter Lu 10:50 A-135
O01 101 Erik Luo 10:00 A-135
S01 145 Alexandra Maffei 08:45 Kids Inst. E-115
C16 56 Amanda Magyar 12:55 D-103
Q14 128 Rahul Maheshwari 1:45 Lect. Hall B-206
Q15 129 Rahul Maheshwari 2:10 Lect. Hall B-206
C04 47 Egle Malinauskaite 10:25 B-148
A03 39 Nolan Maloney 1:20 A-119
C26 61 Sirisha Manam 10:25 A-115
C27 61 Anuj Marathe 08:45 A-147
Q14 128 Sarah Martin 1:45 Lect. Hall B-206
167
Q15 129 Sarah Martin 2:10 Lect. Hall B-206
P17 112 Daniel Matthews 10:50 A-155
T08 154 John McGuire 10:50 Kids Inst. E-115
C28 62 Aalap Mehta 09:35 B-133
C29 62 Aalap Mehta 10:00 B-133
S07 148 Eva Meyer 10:50 Lect. Hall B-206
P07 106 Jackson Michuda 1:20 A-115
K08 96 Ashwin Mitra 1:45 D-110
A04 40 Madhav Mohandas 09:35 B-110
P18 112 Tahir Mohideen 10:00 A-133
A05 40 Kyle Mou 09:35 D-107
I08 88 Byron Mui 1:45 A-119
R17 143 Kirti Munjeti 2:10 A-119
C30 63 Vamsikrishna Naidu 10:50 D-110
R18 143 Laura Napierkowski 09:10 A-131
T09 155 Perry Nelson 09:10 A-149
R19 144 Deokgeun Park 10:50 A-117
K09 96 Hyun Bin Park 1:45 A-135
Q16 130 Bindi Patel 10:50 A-151
Q01 119 Dhruv Patel 10:25 A-119
C23 59 Monica Patel 1:20 A-117
Q17 130 Shivani Patel 09:10 A-147
P19 113 Viveka Patel 12:30 B-108
H03 84 Sandy Perez 09:10 A-155
M03 99 Agnel Philip 1:45 D-107
I09 89 Zoe Phillips 09:35 A-121
C31 63 Areen Pitaktong 11:15 Acad. Pit A-138
Q04 121 Areen Pitaktong 10:50 Acad. Pit A-138
B04 42 Ajay Pius 10:25 A-121
Q18 131 Tonu Pius 10:00 A-119
E08 75 Ashley Radee 11:15 D-107
T07 154 Uriel Ramirez 12:55 A-119
P20 114 Saieesh Rao 12:55 A-121
P21 114 Brooke Ray 1:20 A-121
Q19 131 Abhinav Reddy 12:30 Kids Inst. E-115
P22 115 Mahendra Reddy 1:45 B-133
B07 44 Nishith Reddy 10:50 B-133
C32 64 Nishith Reddy 11:15 B-133
S08 148 Jennifer Ren 11:15 Lect. Hall B-206
C33 64 Sabrina Roberts 1:45 A-121
H01 83 Mariela Rodriguez 10:00 A-147
168
T05 153 Alexandra Roman 10:25 D-110
S09 149 Natalie Runkle 08:45 D-103
R20 144 Savanna Rutas 09:35 A-113
I10 89 Amir Safavi 11:15 A-155
C34 65 Sarah Salameh 08:45 A-149
Q13 127 Sidra Salman 09:35 A-155
K01 92 Christopher Sartain 09:10 Acad. Pit A-138
I08 88 Justin Sass 1:45 A-119
T06 153 Madison Schroeder 10:00 Kids Inst. E-115
I11 90 Robert Schurz 12:30 A-131
Q20 132 Carrie Sha 09:35 A-133
Q06 122 Joan Shang 11:15 A-119
E09 76 Richard Shen 1:20 B-108
C34 65 Urmi Sheth 08:45 A-149
C35 65 Navika Shukla 1:20 A-113
P23 115 Ross Skelly 09:10 B-108
Q11 125 Maura Slattery 10:25 Acad. Pit A-138
T10 155 Maura Slattery 09:35 A-147
Q21 132 Kalyani Sonarikar 08:45 A-135
I12 90 Hyun Jin Song 09:10 A-119
P24 116 Nicholas Srivastava 1:20 A-131
I13 91 Kyle Stanevich 12:55 Kids Inst. E-115
T04 152 Alexander Stratton 12:55 A-115
J01 92 Karolyn Stromdahl 11:15 A-151
Q22 133 Shruthi Subramanian 12:30 A-151
B08 44 Nathan Suek 09:35 A-131
E02 72 Michelle Suh 1:45 A-117
C36 66 Steven Suh 09:35 B-148
Q23 133 Amanda Sul 12:30 Lect. Hall B-206
T10 155 Hannah Swerbenski 09:35 A-147
C06 49 Andrew Ta 1:45 Acad. Pit A-138
C37 66 Tai 10:50 A-113
C43 69 Shannon Tai 11:15 A-113
P25 116 Adekore Taiwo 10:25 Lect. Hall B-206
C38 67 Arjun Tambe 1:20 A-135
C39 67 Lee Tang 10:00 B-110
G05 82 Matthew Tennenhouse 1:20 Kids Inst. E-115
C06 49 Aaditya Tolappa 1:45 Acad. Pit A-138
S10 149 Sydney Tomasko 09:10 Kids Inst. E-115
C40 68 Riva Trivedi 1:45 A-131
B09 45 Matthew Tsao 11:15 A-135
169
S11 150 Jessica Ventenilla 10:25 Kids Inst. E-115
P26 117 Rohan Verma 2:10 A-131
P27 118 Rheanna Vimawala 2:10 A-133
H04 84 Sonam Vyas 08:45 Acad. Pit A-138
M04 99 Caitlin Walczyk 09:10 D-110
K01 92 Samuel Walder 09:10 Acad. Pit A-138
Q23 133 Connie Wang 12:30 Lect. Hall B-206
O02 101 David Wang 12:55 A-133
P05 105 Jiachen Wang 1:20 A-147
E10 76 Yuanhao Wang 10:50 D-103
L02 97 Henry Ward 09:10 A-113
P12 109 Aditi Warhekar 1:45 A-133
N02 100 Heidi Warning 08:45 A-155
H02 83 Ashley Washington 09:35 Kids Inst. E-115
C41 68 Malia Wenny 10:00 A-149
C42 69 Andrew Wentzel 10:25 A-147
F05 79 Andrew Wentzel 2:10 Acad. Pit A-138
B10 45 Nathaniel White 11:15 A-121
T11 156 Ian Wilkinson 10:50 A-147
B10 45 Brent Wu 11:15 A-121
Q24 134 Rebecca Wu 10:50 A-149
I14 91 Summer Wu 11:15 A-117
C43 69 Shohei Yamakawa 11:15 A-113
F06 79 Matthew Yang 2:10 A-147
C44 70 Karthik Yarlagadda 10:50 B-108
C43 69 Satya Yerrabolu 11:15 A-113
D01 71 Evan Yin 08:45 Lect. Hall B-206
C45 70 Kelly Yom 2:10 A-121
T12 156 Stanley Yuan 10:50 A-115
I12 90 Jennifer Zhang 09:10 A-119
S12 150 Kevin Zhang 2:10 A-149
Q25 134 Vivian Zhang 1:20 Acad. Pit A-138
P28 118 Yifu Zhang 08:45 A-119
C46 71 Jeffrey Zhao 1:20 B-148
P17 117 Douglas Zhu 10:50 A-155
K07 95 Elaina Zintl 12:55 Lect. Hall B-206
F02 77 Ivan Zlatanov 1:45 A-147
Dear IMSA Friends:
This year, the Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy® (IMSA) is celebrating its twenty-fifth
anniversary; encouraging our students to go “Beyond Knowledge” as we strive “to ignite and nurture
creative, ethical, scientific minds that advance the human condition.” The Student Inquiry and
Research (SIR) Program exemplifies what “beyond knowledge” means. Through SIR and its
partnerships, IMSA students engage in rich opportunities to pursue compelling questions of interest,
conduct investigations, engage with extraordinary advisors, communicate findings, and ultimately
impact society. This abstract book reflects our students’ infinite potential for exploring their unique
passions, pursuing new interests, and both asking and answering profound questions. Their research
experiences develop the habits of mind in thinking and learning that prepare them for careers that may
well not yet exist.
Through SIR, IMSA provides a mechanism that engages students in personalized learning to pursue
solutions to problems and issues that challenge our global community. Partnerships with distinguished
professionals at colleges and universities, research institutions, businesses, and museums allow our
students to gain experience in real-world problem solving, collaboration, and scholarship. The ability
to work with professionals is life-changing for our students. Evidence of our students’ excellence, in all
fields, is found within this proceedings book of our twenty-fourth annual IMSAloquium. Many of our
students have already, in high school, published and presented at local, national, and international
venues. These students exemplify a tradition of excellence. We set high expectations for our students,
and you will find that IMSA students far exceed these expectations for accomplishments and
contributions to society. They are well-prepared to solve the challenges that we will face in the future.
In just twenty-five years, IMSA has become one of the premier institutions of its kind in our state, our
nation, and the world. As such, we have a responsibility to share our expertise with others. Toward
this end, we are aggressively delivering services around the state for teachers and students to assist with
developing the “next generation” of talent and leadership in science, technology, engineering, and
mathematics. We host educators from as close as neighboring districts and as far as Australia and
China in both formal and informal conversations to advance teaching and learning for the State of
Illinois. We look forward to our next twenty-five years going “Beyond Knowledge.”
The strength of our Student Inquiry and Research program lies with collaborative partnerships, and we
are deeply appreciative of our students’ advisors and their institutions. We thank all the experts and
leaders who join us in boldly applying innovative ways to nurture learners’ talents and guide them as
they reach extraordinary levels of achievement. When working together as a collective community, we
have the vision, resources, and influence to shape education in ways that truly enable students to “learn
how to learn” so they can confront present and future challenges that impact our local and global
communities and most certainly “advance the human condition.”
Sincerely,
Glenn W. “Max” McGee, Ph.D. Judith A. Scheppler, Ph.D.
President Coordinator of Student Inquiry & Research
1
Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
The World's Leading Teaching and Learning Laboratory for Imagination and Inquiry
Twenty-fourth Annual IMSAloquium
April 25, 2012
Table of Contents
Student Inquiry and Research ……………………….…………………………………………….…. 2
Student Accomplishments…………………..……………………………………………………... 3 - 8
Schedule of Activities ……………………………………………………………………................... 9
Poster Session ….......…………………………..……………………………………………..... 11 - 20
Poster Session Maps ………………………………………………………………….. 21 - 24
Time and Room Schedule for Presentations ………………………………………….…………25 - 37
Student Abstracts, organized by topic…………………………………..………….………….. 38 - 156
• A Biochemistry 38 - 40
• B Bioengineering 41 - 45
• C Biology 46 - 71
• D Business 71
• E Chemistry 72 - 76
• F Computer Science 77 - 79
• G Economics 80 - 82
• H Education 83 - 84
• I Engineering 85 - 91
• J English 92
• K Environmental Science 92 - 96
• L Fine Arts 97
• M History 98 - 99
• N Law 100
• O Mathematics 101
• P Medicine 102 - 118
• Q Neurobiology 119 - 134
• R Physics 135 - 144
• S Psychology 145 - 150
• T Social Science 151 - 156
• U Space Science 157
SIR 2010-11 Summary ……………………………………………………………………………..158 - 162
Index of Student Presenters Referenced to Time, Room, and Abstract Number …………………. 163 - 169
Inside Back Cover – IMSA Map with Room Locations Highlighted
IMSAloquium cover designer is Chris Reader, IMSA staff member.
The cover was inspired by Science (August 12, 2011).
IMSAloquium logo design by Stephanie Chang and Hon Lung Chu (IMSA Class of 2007).
2
Student Inquiry and Research
The Student Inquiry and Research (SIR) program has been an integral part of student personalized learning
at IMSA since the 1989 academic year. Since its inception with seven students, SIR has grown into a
program that encompasses all disciplines and participation by 92.5% of the class of 2012. Our students’
accomplishments have flourished. They do not have to wait until they graduate from college to begin to
make significant contributions to science, mathematics, the humanities, and the world around them.
IMSA’s young apprentice investigators open our eyes to what is possible, and the World is paying
attention. Accomplishments by students participating in Student Inquiry and Research are numerous!
Authorship or Co-authorship in Publications (partial list)
• The Astrophysical Journal Letters
• Information Processing Letters
• Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
• Journal of Comparative Neurology
• Journal of Experimental Secondary Science
• Journal of Physical Chemistry
• Nature
“Student Inquiry and Research: Developing Students' Authentic Inquiry Skills” authored by Judith A.
Scheppler, Susan Styer, Donald Dosch, Joseph Traina, and Christopher Kolar, is among only eighteen
inquiry-based programs nation-wide to have a chapter in the National Science Teachers Association book
Inquiry: The Key to Exemplary Science (2009, NSTA Press).
“Student Inquiry at the Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy,” authored by Judith A. Scheppler,
Donald Dosch, Susan Styer, and Steve Rogg, is among only fifteen high school models in the nation to
have chapters in the National Science Teachers Association book, Exemplary Science in Grades 9-12
(2005, NSTA Press).
Portraits of Great American Scientists (2001, Prometheus Books) contains biographies of fifteen
American men and women motivated to excel in diverse fields of science. This book was the collaborative
student effort of fifteen participants in IMSA's Student Inquiry and Research Program.
Presentations (partial list)
• American Physical Society
• American Society of Cell Biology
• American Society of Microbiology
• 10th Annual Dabrowski Conference
• Junior Academy of Science at AAAS
• Eighth Annual Lewis Landsberg Research Day at Northwestern University
• NCSSSMST Student Research Symposium
• University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry Clinic and Research Day
Competitions (partial list)
• iBioGENEius
• Intel International Science and Engineering Fair
18 finalists since 2008
1 fourth place (individual) category award, 1 (team) third place category award
• Intel Science Talent Search
41 semi-finalists and 11 finalists since 1989
Finalists have placed first (1993), fifth (1998), third (1999), and second and sixth (2005)
• Junior Science and Humanities Symposium
• Neuroscience Research Prize
• Siemens Westinghouse (established 1998-99)
49 regional semi-finalists resulting in 6 regional finalists and 1 national semi-finalist
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2011-2012 Student Recognition
Please join us in the Academic Pit at 12:30 for our Student Recognition Ceremony
Hosted By
Dr. Glenn “Max” McGee, IMSA President
Soham Ali: Analysis of Colorectal Cancer Risk Factors in E-Cadherin in Diverse Patient Populations
Advisors: Nathan Ellis, Shilpa Ravella; University of Illinois at Chicago
Presented at the International Student Science Fair, April 30 – May 4, 2012 in Winnipeg, Manitoba,
Canada
Courtney Amegashie: Concentration Effect of Chemically-Induced Hypoxia on the Metastasis of High
Nitric Oxide Adapted and Non-Adapted Cancer Cells
Advisor: James Radosevich; University of Illinois at Chicago
Presented at the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry Clinic and Research Day, March
8, 2012 in Chicago, Illinois; DuPage County ACT-SO (Afro-Academic, Cultural, Technological and
Scientific Olympics) gold medal winner in biochemistry4
Courtney Amegashie: The Comparison of Motility in Parent Versus High Nitric Oxide Adapted Cells
Advisor: James Radosevich; University of Illinois at Chicago
DuPage County ACT-SO (Afro-Academic, Cultural, Technological and Scientific Olympics) Competition
gold medal winner in biology3
Wendy Bindeman: The Expression of MDS1 and EVI1 Complex Locus in Seven Cancer Cell Lines
Advisor: Don Dosch, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Presented at the American Junior Academy of Sciences conference at the American Association for the
Advancement of Science annual conference, February 15-19, 2012 in Vancouver, British Columbia,
Canada
Yiyun Cao: Regulation and Role of Regulator of G-protein Signaling-1 in Celiac Disease Pathogenesis
Advisors: Bana Jabri, Cezary Ciszewski; University of Chicago
Siemens Competition Regional Semi-Finalist; Intel Science Talent Search semi-finalist; Illinois Junior
Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist1; Intel International Science and Engineering Fair
finalist2; Chicago Region Junior Science and Humanities Symposium Finalist: Chicago Region third
place winner
Henry Deng: Networks of Ultrasmall Pd/Cr Nanowires as High Performance Hydrogen Sensors
Advisors: Zhi-Li Xaio, Hsien-Hau Wang, and Michael Latimer; Argonne National Laboratory
Published in ACS Nano, 2011, 5 (9), pp 7443–7452; Publication Date (Web): August 22, 2011 (Article)
DOI: 10.1021/nn2023717 (Xiao-Qiao Zeng, Yong-Lei Wang, Henry Deng, Michael L. Latimer, Zhi-Li
Xiao, John Pearson, Tao Xu, Hsien-Hau Wang, Ulrich Welp, George W. Crabtree, and Wai-Kwong
Kwok)
Presented at the American Junior Academy of Sciences conference at the American Association for the
Advancement of Science annual conference, February 15-19, 2012 in Vancouver, British Columbia,
Canada
4
Sruthi Doniparthi: CDDO Inhibits TGF-Beta-Induced EMT in A549 Lung Epithelial Cells via the
P13K/AKT Pathway
Advisors: Jun Wei and John Varga; Northwestern University
Siemens Competition Regional Semi-Finalist; Chicago Region Junior Science and Humanities
Symposium Finalist
Johnny Duan: Runx2 Contributes to Murine Col10a1 Gene Regulation Through Direct Interaction with
Its Cis-Enhancer
Advisor: Qiping Zheng; Rush University Medical Center
Published in Journal of Bone and Mineral Research (2011). 26 (12) pp 2899-2910. (Feifei Li, Yaojuan
Lu, Ming Ding, Dobrawa Napierala, Sam Abbassi, Yuqing Chen, Xiangyun Duan, Siying Wang, Brendan
Lee, and Qiping Zheng)
Nicholas Fung: The Effect of Poly I:C on Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGFβ)-Induced Fibrotic
Responses
Advisors: Feng Fang and John Varga; Northwestern University
Co-presented at the Eighth Annual Lewis Landsberg Research Day at Northwestern University, April 5,
2012 in Chicago, Illinois (Feng Fang, Nicholas Fung, John Varga)
Annie Guo: Institutional Review Board Unanticipated Problems Involving Risks to Subjects or
Others Reports Lack Sufficient Information to Determine Causality
Advisors: Steven Belknap, Debra Tice Gobson, Dennis West; Northwestern University
Co-author of poster presented at the Eighth Annual Lewis Landsberg Research Day at Northwestern
University, April 5, 2012 in Chicago, Illinois (Mai, Guo, Belknap, Tice Gibson, West)
Brinda Gupta: Effect of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridnium (MPP+) on Dopamine Neuron Loss in LPS
Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease
Advisors: Paul Carvey, Bill Hendey; Rush University Medical Center
Presented at the American Junior Academy of Sciences conference at the American Association for the
Advancement of Science annual conference, February 15-19, 2012 in Vancouver, British Columbia,
Canada
Jennifer Huang: Development of an Improved Soft Agar Method
Advisors: Kim Elseth, Benjamin Vesper, Maaly Bassiony, Bulent Aydrogan, and James Radosevich;
University of Illinois at Chicago
Poster co-presented at the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry Clinic and Research
Day, March 8, 2012 in Chicago, Illinois (Jennifer Huang, Melissa Kim, Kim M. Elseth, Benjamin J.
Vesper, Maaly Bassiony, Bulent Aydrogan, James A. Radosevich)
Aadam Ibraham: FTIR in Pharmacology
Advisor: Carol Hirschmugl; University of Wisconsin at Madison
Poster presented at the 2011 Synchrotron Radiation Center Users' Meeting, September 16-17, 2011 at the
University of Wisconsin at Madison, Wisconsin
Taylor Imburgia: Examining the Levels of Overexcitabilities of IMSA Sophomores
Advisors: Christopher Kolar, Deb McGrath, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Presentation at the 10th Annual Dabrowski Conference, July 19-21, 2012 in Denver, Colorado
5
Adam Kalinich: Flipping the Winner of a Poset Game
Advisor: Lance Fortnow; Northwestern University
Published in Information Processing Letters (2012). 86, pp 86-89. (Adam Kalinich)
Intel Science Talent Search Semi-Finalist and Finalist
Nilesh Kavthekar: Collagen-Hyaluronic Acid Membranes for Tissue Regeneration
Advisor: Justin Liu; Northwestern University
Siemens Competition Regional Semi-Finalist; Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition
Finalist1; IJAS Region V Special Award: U.S. Army Special Award for Engineering; Intel International
Science and Engineering Fair finalist2
Emil Khabiboulline: Modeling of Quench Protection Techniques in Superconducting Solenoid Magnets
Advisor: Iouri Terechkine; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Siemens Competition Regional Semi-Finalist; Presented at the American Junior Academy of Sciences
conference at the American Association for the Advancement of Science annual conference, February 15-
19, 2012 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Melissa Kim: Development of an Improved Soft Agar Method
Advisors: Kim Elseth, Benjamin Vesper, Maaly Bassiony, Bulent Aydrogan, and James Radosevich;
University of Illinois at Chicago
Poster co-presented at the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry Clinic and Research
Day, March 8, 2012 in Chicago, Illinois (Jennifer Huang, Melissa Kim, Kim M. Elseth, Benjamin J.
Vesper, Maaly Bassiony, Bulent Aydrogan, James A. Radosevich)
Jenny Lee: Gold Ion–Angiotensin Peptide Interaction by Mass Spectrometry
Advisor: Bao-Shiang Lee; University of Illinois at Chicago
Published in the Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry (2012) published online February 2012;
Doi: 10.1007/s13361-011-0328-0 (Jenny Lee, Lasanthi P. Jayathilaka, Shalini Gupta, Jin-Sheng Huang, Bao-
Shiang Lee)
John Lee: Characterization of Linear-Dendron Based Micelle Formulations
Advisor: Jonathan Paley; Argonne National Laboratory
Presented at the Ninth Annual RITS Super Science Fair, Nov. 19-17, 2011 in Kyoto, Japan
Shelly Li: Thymoquinone Inhibits Cigarette Smoke Extract-Induced SiHa Cell Invasion
Advisor: Kenneth Alexander, University of Chicago
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist1; IJAS Region V Special Award: Naval
Science Award
Xiaoyu Li: Organizational Motifs for Ground Squirrel Cone Bipolar Cells
Advisor: Steven DeVries; Northwestern University
Published in the Journal of Comparative Neurology. (online February, 2012). Adam C. Light, Yongling
Zhu, Jun Shi, Shannon Saszik, Sarah Lindstrom, Laura Davidson, Xiaoyu Li, Vince A. Chiodo, William
W. Hauswirth, Wei Li and Steven H. DeVries. (DOI: 10.1002/cne.23068)
Xiaoyu Li: Dopamine Regulation of Cone-Cone Gap Junctions in Ground Squirrel Retina
Advisor: Steven DeVries; Northwestern University
Published in the Journal of Experimental Secondary Science, October 2011
6
Claire Liang: Modeling Spatial Growth Dynamics of Stem Cell in Tissue Growth and Regeneration
Advisors: Qing Nie and Youfang Cao; University of California at Irvine and University of Illinois at
Chicago
Co-author of paper presented at the Illinois Workshop on Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering,
November 18, 2011; Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist1
Peter Lu: Nonequilibrium Dynamics in Cuprate Superconductors Using Transient Grating Spectroscopy
Advisors: Nuh Gedik and Fahad Mahmood; Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Siemens Competition Regional Semi-Finalist
Rahul Maheswari: IL-10 Expression Surrounding Neuromuscular Junctions in the mSOD1 Mouse
Model of ALS
Advisor: Nichole Mesnard; University of Illinois at Chicago
Poster presented at the American Association of Anatomists regional meeting, February 25, 2012, Rush
University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; Second Place Award in the High School Student Poster
Competition
Anuj Marathe: Heat Shock Protein 70 Regulates Interleukin 10 Producing Regulatory T Cells
Advisors: Eugene Chang, Yunwei Wang; University of Chicago
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist1; Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences
Paper Exposition Finalist1; Intel International Science and Engineering Fair finalist2; Chicago Region
Junior Science and Humanities Symposium Finalist and Chicago Region runner-up
Sarah Martin: TNFα Expression Surrounding Neuromuscular Junctions in the mSOD1 Mouse Model of
ALS
Advisor: Nichole Mesnard; University of Illinois at Chicago
Poster presented at the American Association of Anatomists regional meeting, February 25, 2012, Rush
University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
Aalap Mehta: The Role of RBP2 in MCF-7 Cancer Cell Drug Resistance
Advisor: Elizaveta Benevolenskaya; University of Illinois at Chicago
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist1; IJAS Special Award: Society for In
Vitro Biology Award; Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Paper Exposition Finalist1
Thitipong Mongkolrattanothai: Ranolazine Inhibition of the Late Sodium Ion Current Slows the
Progression of Heart Failure, Disorganization of T-tubules, and Hypertrophy of the Heart
Advisors: James Kelly, Amanda Nahhas, Matthew O’Toole, and J. Andrew Wasserstrom; Northwestern
University
Presented at the International Student Science Fair, October 8-15, 2011, in Bangkok, Thailand
Laura Napierkowski: R&D for the Tracking Detector for the Muon g-2 Experiment at Fermi National
Accelerator Laboratory
Advisor: Mandy Rominsky; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Presented at the American Physical Society April Meeting 2012, March 31 - April 3, 2012, Atlanta,
Georgia
7
Deokgeun Park: Initial Calibration of CCD Images for the Dark Energy Survey
Advisors: H. Thomas Diehl and Douglas Tucker; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Published in the Journal of Experimental Secondary Science, October 2011; Illinois Junior Academy of
Sciences Region V Project Exposition participant; IJAS Region V Special Award: U.S. Air Force Special
Award; Chicago Region Junior Science and Humanities Symposium Finalist
Shivani Patel: Immunohistochemical Localization of HCN1-4 Channels in the Mouse Brain
Advisor: Dane Chetkovich; Northwestern University
Presented at the International Student Science Fair, April 30 – May 4, 2012 in Winnipeg, Manitoba,
Canada
Nishith Reddy: The Effect of Transgenic MA20 on Inflammation of the Intestinal Epithelium
Advisor: David Boone; University of Chicago
Siemens Competition Regional Semi-Finalist; Presented at the American Junior Academy of Sciences
conference at the American Association for the Advancement of Science annual conference, February 15-
19, 2012 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Sarah Salameh: Early Events in Herpes Simplex Virus Lifecycle with Implications for an Infection of
Lifetime
Advisor: Deepak Shukla; University of Illinois at Chicago
Published in The Open Virology Journal (2012) Vol. 6, pp 1-6 (Sarah Salameh, Urmi Sheth, and Deepak
Shukla)
Urmi Sheth: Early Events in Herpes Simplex Virus Lifecycle with Implications for an Infection of
Lifetime
Advisor: Deepak Shukla; University of Illinois at Chicago
Published in the Open Virology Journal (2012) Vol. 6, pp 1-6 (Sarah Salameh, Urmi Sheth, and Deepak
Shukla)
Yanchen Shi: A Low-Power Wave Union TDC Implemented in FPGA
Advisor: Jinyuan Wu; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Co-author of paper presented at the Topical Workshop on Electronics for Particle Physics 2011
(TWEPP-11), September 26-30, 2011 in Vienna, Austria (Jinyuan Wu, Yanchen Shi, Douglas Zhu)
Rose Neiberg Sloan: Stable Expansions of the Integers
Advisor: David Marker; University of Illinois at Chicago
Intel Science Talent Search semi-finalist
Michelle Suh: The Comparison of the Different Radiotherapy Neutron Sources in Various Facilities for
the Optimal Result in Neutron Therapy
Advisor: Thomas Kroc; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Presented at the International Student Science Fair, October 8-15, 2011, in Bangkok, Thailand;
Presented at the American Junior Academy of Sciences conference at the American Association for the
Advancement of Science annual conference, February 15-19, 2012 in Vancouver, British Columbia,
Canada
8
Shannon Tai: Increased Heterogeneity of Calcium Cycling in Myocytes from Failing Hearts
Advisor: J. Andrew Wasserstrom; Northwestern University
Presented at the Ninth Annual RITS Super Science Fair, Nov. 19-17, 2011 in Kyoto, Japan
Lee Tang: Modulation of the Akt/Protein Kinase B Pathway in Human Neutrophils Through the
Inhibition of Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog and PH Domain Leucine-Rich Repeat Protein
Phosphatase
Advisor: Xiangdong Zhu; University of Chicago
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Paper Exposition participant
Jordan Williams: The Effect of Silver Ion on Sewage Treatment Bacteria
Advisors: Megan Schrementi and Mark Carlson, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Presented at the Ninth Annual RITS Super Science Fair, Nov. 19-17, 2011 in Kyoto, Japan
Summer Wu: Characterization and Manipulation of Nanorods via an Applied Magnetic Field
Advisors: Shih-han Lo, Vinayak Dravid; Northwestern University
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist1;IJAS Region V Special Awards: Mu
Alpha Theta Award and Yale Science and Engineering Association, Inc. (YSEA) Science Fair Award;
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Paper Exposition Finalist1; Midwest Research Competition: Positive
Impact finalist4
Douglas Zhu: A Low-Power Wave Union TDC Implemented in FPGA
Advisor: Jinyuan Wu; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Co-author of paper presented at the Topical Workshop on Electronics for Particle Physics 2011
(TWEPP-11), September 26-30, 2011 in Vienna, Austria (Jinyuan Wu, Yanchen Shi, Douglas Zhu)
1) The Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences (IJAS) State Paper and Project Expositions are May 5 & 6, 2012 in
Champaign, Illinois
2) The Intel International Science and Engineering Fair is May 13-18, 2012 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
3) ACT-SO National Finals will be held at the NAACP National Convention in Houston, Texas July 2012
4) Midwest Research Competition: Positive Impact is April 13, 2012 at Wheeling High School
9
ILLINOIS MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE ACADEMY
The World's Leading Teaching and Learning Laboratory for Imagination and Inquiry
IMSAloquium:
Student Investigation Showcase
April 25, 2012
Schedule of Sessions
7:45 AM - 8:35 AM Poster Session
8:45 AM - 9:00 AM IMSAloquium Session 1
9:10 AM - 9:25 AM IMSAloquium Session 2
9:35 AM - 9:50 AM IMSAloquium Session 3
10:00 AM - 10:15 AM IMSAloquium Session 4
10:25 AM - 10:40 AM IMSAloquium Session 5
10:50 AM - 11:05 AM IMSAloquium Session 6
11:15 AM - 11:30 AM IMSAloquium Session 7
11:30 AM - 12:30 PM Lunch
12:30 PM - 12:45 PM IMSAloquium Session 8
12:55 PM - 1:10 PM IMSAloquium Session 9
1:20 PM - 1:35 PM IMSAloquium Session 10
1:45 PM - 2:00 PM IMSAloquium Session 11
2:10 PM - 2:25 PM IMSAloquium Session 12
10
11
IMSAloquium Poster Session
Biochemistry Title Start
Time
Room
A01 Osazomon
Imarenezor
The Effects of Varying Concentrations of Permanent Hair Relaxer
Components on Human Fibroblasts Cells
12:55 A-135
A02 Jenny Lee Gold Ion-Protein Interaction by Mass Spectrometry 10:50 A-133
A03 Nolan Maloney Mechanism of MYCN Destabilization in Neuroblastoma 1:20 A-119
A04 Madhav
Mohandas
Comparative Analysis of Protein Cargo Selection During Intracellular
Trafficking Under Normal and Heat Stressed Conditions
9:35 B-110
A05 Kyle Mou Effects of Modifications to Hsp27 on Viability of Smooth Muscle Cells
Under Oxidative Stress
9:35 D-107
Bioengineering Title Start
Time
Room
B01 Eaton Guo Incorporating Apoptosis in a Cell Proliferation Simulation Program 1:20 A-151
B02 Nilesh
Kavthekar
Design and Characterization of Three Dimensional Bioplotted Natural
Biopolymer Constructs for Tissue Engineering Applications
10:00 A-113
B03 Akram Khaja Role of the Prefrontal Cortex in Trace Eye-Blink Conditioning 8:45 A-121
B04 Krishna
Kudaravalli
Ajay Pius
Using the Laser Diode to Determine the Stapedius Reflex 10:25 A-121
B05 John Lee Micelle Formulations of Dendron-Based Block Copolymers with Various
Surface Groups
9:10 A-133
B06 Claire Liang Modeling Spatial Population Dynamics of Stem Cells in Tissue Growth 12:55 B-148
B07 Nishith Reddy Microbial Dynamics in Methane Oxidation for Biochar-Amended Landfill
Covers
10:50 B-133
B08 Nathan Suek Effect of Cleaning Methods on Hydrophilicity of Different Thicknesses of
TiO2 Layers
9:35 A-131
B09 Matthew Tsao Visualization of Functional Group Selection in Creating Hypothetical Metal-
Organic Frameworks
11:15 A-135
B10 Nathaniel White
Brent Wu
Frequency Detection in Deaf Cats 11:15 A-121
Biology Title Start
Time
Room
C01 Soham Ali Analysis of Colorectal Cancer Risk Factors in E-Cadherin in Diverse Patient
Populations
8:45 B-133
C02 Lydia Auch
Christine
Darabaris
The Effects of Plyometric Strength Training on Running Economy 1:20 A-155
C03 Yiyun Cao Regulation and Role of Regulator of G-protein Signaling-1 in Celiac Disease
Pathogenesis
12:30 A-117
C04 Francis Cocjin
Egle
Malinauskaite
Bacterial Species Identification Using Polymerase Chain Reaction 10:25 B-148
C05 Shelby Daniel-
Wayman
Hypoxia and Starvation Promote Autophagy as a Survival Mechanism 12:55 B-133
C06 Sonya Dave
Andrew Ta
Aaditya Tolappa
Characterizing Tolerance in Pediatric Food Allergy 1:45 Acad. Pit
A-138
12
Biology Title Start
Time
Room
C07 Sruthi
Doniparthi
Dimethylfumurate Inhibits Tumor Growth Factor-Beta-Induced
Myofibroblast Differentiation in Dermal Fibroblasts via the Nrf2 Pathway
9:10 A-115
C08 Sruthi
Doniparthi
CDDO Inhibits TGF-Beta-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in
A549 Lung Epithelial Cells via the PI3K/AKT Pathway
8:45 A-115
C09 Nicholas Fung The Effect of Poly I:C on Transforming Growth Factor-β-Induced Fibrotic
Responses
9:35 A-115
C10 Beatrice Go Functional Central Polypurine Tract Provides Downstream Protection of
HIV-1 Genome from Editing by APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F
9:35 A-151
C11 Ashima Gupta HOXA10 Regulates Transcription of Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 in Myeloid
Cells
9:35 B-108
C12 Katherine
Havighorst
Brooke
Kottkamp
A Correlation Between Anticipatory Behaviors and Feeding Times in
Captive Animals
1:45 B-108
C13 Dorcas Huang Action of Estrogen on Tumorigenic and Non-Tumorigenic Rat Prostate
Epithelial Progenitor Cells
1:45 A-149
C14 Jennifer Huang
Melissa Kim
Biological Properties of Cancer Cells Through Soft Agar Cloning 10:25 A-117
C15 Jimmy Huang The Effect of the Modified Base m6A on the Splicing of a Pre-mRNA
Transcript
10:50 A-131
C16 Seneca Hutson
Amanda Magyar
Leaf Variation in Agathis robusta as an Indicator of Forest Structure for
Fossil Plants
12:55 D-103
C17 Tejas Joshi Efficiency of Magnetic Bead and Gel Insert Preparation in Vector Cloning 10:00 B-148
C18 Kaylee
Karumanchi
Loss of miR-145 in Colon Cancer Upregulates Direct Target ADAM17 10:25 D-107
C19 Jiwon Kim The Effects of Iodine on the Ghost Shrimp Palaemonetes kadiakensis 10:50 B-148
C20 Hannah Koo The Effects of Cholesterol Level Manipulations in Model Lipid Bilayers 10:25 A-149
C21 Dipen Kumar The Effect of the Enteric Biome on Lysosomal Hydrolase Activity 1:20 B-133
C22 Vignessh Kumar Investigation of the Expression Pattern of Thioredoxin Domain Containing 9
in Developing Zebrafish
1:45 D-103
C23 Shannon Kurian
Monica Patel
The Role of SGK1 in Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in Endometriotic Cells 1:20 A-117
C24 Sarah Lisk An Examination of Nutritional Stress in a Nineteenth Century Skeletal
Population From Peoria, Illinois
8:45 D-110
C25 Christine Liu Characterizing the Ideal Antibody Isotype Distribution Against Influenza 8:45 B-110
C26 Sirisha Manam The Effects of HSP70 antibodies in an Anti-Tumor Response 10:25 A-115
C27 Anuj Marathe Heat Shock Protein 70 Regulates Interleukin 10 Producing Regulatory T Cells 8:45 A-147
C28 Aalap Mehta The Role of RBP2 in MCF-7 Cancer Cell Drug Resistance 9:35 B-133
C29 Aalap Mehta Transcriptional Regulation by Retinoblastoma Binding Protein 2 10:00 B-133
C30 Vamsikrishna
Naidu
Frequency of Periosteal Reactions in a Nineteenth Century Skeletal
Population From Peoria, Illinois
10:50 D-110
C31 Areen Pitaktong The Glycobiology of Prostate Cancer 11:15 Acad. Pit
A-138
C32 Nishith Reddy The Effect of Vector Backbones on PCR Cloning of Green Fluorescent
Protein
11:15 B-133
C33 Sabrina Roberts How Does the Silencing Mediator of Retinoid and Thyroid Hormone
Receptors Affect Glucocorticoid Receptor Action?
1:45 A-121
C34 Sarah Salameh
Urmi Sheth
The Role of Protein Vpx in HIV Inhibitor SAMHD1 Degradation 8:45 A-149
C35 Navika Shukla The Role of the Receptor Nectin-1 in Viral Spread of Herpes Simplex Virus-1 1:20 A-113
C36 Steven Suh The Selection of Resistance in E. coli 9:35 B-148
13
Biology Title Start
Time
Room
C37 Shannon Tai Increased Heterogeneity of Calcium Cycling in Ventricular Myocytes from
Failing Hearts
10:50 A-113
C38 Arjun Tambe An Analysis of the Effects of Azelaic Acid on Principal Gene Expression and
Root Growth in Arabidopsis thaliana
1:20 A-135
C39 Lee Tang Modulation of the Akt/Protein Kinase B Pathway in Human Neutrophils
Through the Inhibition of Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog and PH Domain
Leucine-Rich Repeat Protein Phosphatase
10:00 B-110
C40 Riva Trivedi Comparison of Drosophila cmi and Human MLL/ALR Type 3 PHD Fingers 1:45 A-131
C41 Malia Wenny Population Structure of Avian Chewing Lice Brueelia laticeps on Two
Toucan Genera Andigena and Aulacorhynchus
10:00 A-149
C42 Andrew Wentzel Phase Behavior in Cell-Free Membrane Vesicles 10:25 A-147
C43 Shannon Tai
Shohei
Yamakawa
Satya Yerrabolu
Triggered Intracellular Ca2+ Release in Failing Canine Atrial Myocytes 11:15 A-113
C44 Karthik
Yarlagadda
Comparison of the Sutural Morphologies of the Lungfish Taxa Neoceratodus
and its Close Relatives
10:50 B-108
C45 Kelly Yom The Role of the Silencing Mediator of Retinoid and Thyroid Hormone
Receptor in Regulating 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Receptor Activity
2:10 A-121
C46 Jeffrey Zhao CD1-d Expression in Breast Cancer Progression 1:20 B-148
Business Title Start
Time
Room
D01 Evan Yin A Nonlinear Portfolio Building Model in Futures Trading Strategy 8:45 Lect. Hall
B-206
Chemistry Title Start
Time
Room
E01 Brian Chen Characterization of Electron Beam-Induced Deposited Nanoparticles in
Liquid Medium
10:25 A-155
E02 Sanggyu
(Raymond)
Chong
Michelle Suh
Determining the Global Minimum Binding Energy of the Interaction Between
Different Gas Molecules and Functional Groups in Metal-Organic Framework
Using Quantum Chemistry Calculations
1:45 A-117
E03 Yan-Yang Feng
Mingyang
(Jennifer) Li
Comparing the Antioxidant Contents of Blueberries, Grapes, and Acai Berries 2:10 Kids Inst.
E-115
E04 Nishita Kumar An Investigation into Solid Catalysts for Biodiesel Conversion Using Fresh
Soy Oil
12:55 D-107
E05 Joshua Lam Standardization of Chinese Medicinal Herbs by Thin Layer and High
Performance Liquid Chromatography
2:10 B-148
E06 Grace Li
Lily Lou
Thin Layer and High Performance Liquid Chromatography of Chinese
Medicinal Herbs
1:45 B-148
E07 Jingfei Li Search for an Anti-Bird Flu Agent From Southeastern Asian Plants 8:45 D-107
E08 Ashley Radee An Investigation into Solid Catalysts for Biodiesel Synthesis from Used
Fryer Oil
11:15 D-107
E09 Richard Shen Spectroscopic Analysis of Chemical Intermediates of Lithium-Air Batteries 1:20 B-108
E10 Yuanhao Wang Crystallization of Electronic and Magnetic Molecule-Based Materials 10:50 D-103
14
Computer Science Title Start
Time
Room
F01 Brian Chien Extracting Key Words from News Articles to Find Appropriate Sites 10:25 A-113
F02 Mosab Elagha
Ivan Zlatanov
TitanOS: The Student Operating System 1:45 A-147
F03 Joshua Fornek Modeling the Motions of High Altitude Balloons 9:35 D-103
F04 Jason Lin Autonomous Flight of an Android Piloted Plane 9:35 A-135
F05 Andrew Wentzel An Exploration into Artificial Intelligence: The Mind as a Complex, Adaptive
System
2:10 Acad. Pit
A-138
F06 Matthew Yang Graphics Processing Unit-Accelerated Proton Collision Modeling in C++ and
CUDA
2:10 A-147
Economics Title Start
Time
Room
G01 Yusuf Aktan Analysis of Market-Based Water Conservation Methods in the United States 10:00 B-108
G02 Henry Deng Modeling and Forecasting the Price of Gold Futures: Comparing the Black-
Scholes Equation Against a Multi-Factor Linear Regression Model, Time-
Series Analysis, and More Complex Stochastic Models
11:15 A-133
G03 Saarthak Gupta Combating Corruption and Spreading Financial Services via Technology in
Himalayan Economies
10:25 A-135
G04 Irene Jiang The Great Recession: A Clarification 9:35 D-110
G05 Samuel
Kaufman
Matthew
Tennenhouse
Determining the Value of a Baseball Player 1:20 Kids Inst.
E-115
Education Title Start
Time
Room
H01 Karina Banda
Joscelyn Garcia
Mariela
Rodriguez
A Case Study Comparing Parent Involvement Indicators and Factors Between
Two Elementary Schools of Different Socioeconomic Levels.
10:00 A-147
H02 Morgan Ashley
Craft
Ashley
Washington
The Self-Perceptions of Academic Achievement Amongst Racially Diverse
Gifted Students
9:35 Kids Inst.
E-115
H03 Margaret Daly
Sandy Perez
Preparedness of Ninth and Tenth Grade Mathematics Teachers for
Implementing Common Core State Standards
9:10 A-155
H04 Lucija Filipac
Sonam Vyas
Improving American Mathematics and Science Education for Global Success
Using the Programme for International Student Assessment Results, Surveys,
and Interviews
8:45 Acad. Pit
A-138
Engineering Title Start
Time
Room
I01 Jorge Acosta
Ayun Brown
Methods for Reduction of Power Consumption in Display Electronics 11:15 B-108
I02 Paul Bogdan Development of a Field Programmable Gate Array Block for Real Time Pulse
Analysis with Applications in High Energy Physics
8:45 B-148
I03 Gary Chen The Physical, Structural, and Chemical Properties of Ni2ZrIn 10:0 A-121
I04 Sanggyu
(Raymond)
Chong
Finding Hydrophobic Chemical Structure That Enables the Adsorption of
Ammonia
2:10 A-117
15
Engineering Title Start
Time
Room
I05 Aditya Karan Optimizing the Conjugation and Separation of Linear Chains of
Polyphosphates
1:45 A-151
I06 Keith
Kimberling
Determining the Feasibility of Using Polymer Electrode Membrane Fuel Cells
as a Household Power Source
1:45 A-155
I07 Benjamin Kuo Designing a Water Filter for Developing Nations 11:15 D-103
I08 Byron Mui
Justin Sass
Designing a Mixed-Use Facility in a Semi-Urban Environment 1:45 A-119
I09 Zoe Phillips Properties of the Heusler Alloy Ni2GaZr 9:35 A-121
I10 Amir Safavi Improving the Design of a Dual Intermeshing Rotor Helicopter 11:15 A-155
I11 Robert Schurz A Transimpedance Amplifier Under Cryogenic Temperatures 12:30 A-131
I12 Hyun Jin Song
Jennifer Zhang
Changing Cell Fate: A New Method to Treat Colon Cancer Without the Side
Effects of Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy
9:10 A-119
I13 Kyle Stanevich IMSA Students' Motivations to use Electricity Generating Bikes 12:55 Kids Inst.
E-115
I14 Summer Wu Characterization and Manipulation of Nanorods via an Applied
Magnetic Field
11:15 A-117
English Title Start
Time
Room
J01 Brianna
Collender
Karolyn
Stromdahl
"The One Sin the Gods Never Forgive Us is That of Being Born Women:" A
Study of Women in Popular Modern Fantasy
11:15 A-151
Environmental Science Title Start
Time
Room
K01 Mitchell Bieniek
Christopher
Sartain
Samuel Walder
Comparing the Effectiveness of Natural and Chemical LaboratoryWaste
Water Treatment Methods: An International Collaborative Effort
9:10 Acad. Pit
A-138
K02 Ty Bottorff
Kenzo Esquivel
Olivia Legan
The Plausibility of Creating Green Energy Farms From Blemished Crops 11:15 D-110
K03 Christina Cheng
Harsha
Jujjavarapu
Energy Efficiency of Hand Dryers Compared to Paper Towels and Their
Effect on Energy Consumption on the IMSA Campus
1:20 D-110
K04 Grace DiCecco The Optimization of Cellulosic Ethanol Production from Corn Stover, Mixed
Prairie Plants, and Switchgrass
9:10 B-110
K05 Logan Dodd
Bryan Hoffman
The Potential of Vertical Farming 10:00 D-107
K06 Christian
Fitzsimmons
Indices of Sustainability 11:15 A-149
K07 Clare Leahy
Elaina Zintl
Acceleration and Expansion of Diversity in the Illinois Mathematics and
Science Academy Prairie
12:55 Lect. Hall
B-206
K08 Ashwin Mitra The Efficiency of Green Roofs as a Method of Insulation for Urbanized
Buildings
1:45 D-110
K09 Hyun Bin Park Determining Toxicity of Sediment in the North Shore Channel 1:45 A-135
16
Fine Arts Title Start
Time
Room
L01 Carol Gu Understanding Music Structure and Form with the Intent of Composing
Music
2:10 D-110
L02 Henry Ward Original Analysis of Webern's Variations for Piano, Op. 27 9:10 A-113
History Title Start
Time
Room
M01 Luis Gomez French Colonial North America 2:10 D-107
M02 Connor Kasch The Effect of the Arab Spring on Egypt's Government, Diplomatic Relations,
and its Economy
1:45 A-115
M03 Mia Leckie
Agnel Philip
The Rise and Fall of Great Powers 1:45 D-107
M04 Caitlin Walczyk Post World War II German Identity, From Pride to Problem 9:10 D-110
Law Title Start
Time
Room
N01 Jennifer Bailey
Katia Colin
An Analysis of the Death Penalty Worldwide 9:35 Lect. Hall
B-206
N02 Mindy Jian
Heidi Warning
Criminal Minds?: A Psychological and Legal Analysis of the Insanity
Plea's Credibility
8:45 A-155
Mathematics Title Start
Time
Room
O01 Austin Gonzalez
Erik Luo
Educating the World with Game Theory 10:00 A-135
O02 David Wang 2- ε Devils Trap an Angel of Power 2 12:55 A-133
Medicine Title Start
Time
Room
P01 Courtney
Amegashie
Effect of Chemically-Induced Hypoxia on the Metastasis of High Nitric
Oxide Adapted and Parent Cancer Cell Microenvironments
9:35 A-117
P02 Courtney
Amegashie
The Effect of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Chemotaxis on the Metastasis of
Cancer Cell Microenvironments
10:00 A-117
P03 Wendy
Bindeman
The Effect of Ccl22 on Regulatory T Cells and Skin Depigmentation in Mice 10:00 A-115
P04 Seth Butcher Qualitative Assessment of Modern Dental Products 2:10 A-151
P05 Alice Chang
Jiachen Wang
An Assessment of the Benefits of a Spinal Surgery Simulator on the Learning
and Growth of Neurosurgical Residents
1:20 A-147
P06 Ajay Chatrath Reducing Radiation from Diagnosing Patients with Suspected Ischemic
Stroke
10:25 D-103
P07 Kevin Chong
Jackson
Michuda
Associations Between HIV Susceptibility and Mutations in the Vif-
Associated APOBEC3G Proteasomal Complex
1:20 A-115
P08 Breanna
Dachsteiner
A Literature-Based Study on Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis 9:10 D-103
P09 Sonya Dave Investigating Beta-Catenin and Calretinin as Possible Markers for Recurrence
or Transformation of Glioneuronal Tumors in Pediatric Patients
12:30 A-147
P10 Annie Guo Institutional Review Board Unanticipated Problems Involving Risks to
Subjects or Others Reports Lack Sufficient Information to Determine
Causality
2:10 B-108
17
Medicine Title Start
Time
Room
P11 Rachel Hermes Comparison in the Need for Resuscitation in Spontaneous Vaginal Births
Versus Cesarean Sections
9:10 A-151
P12 Rae Hohle
Aditi Warhekar
Exploring the Relationship Between Metabolic Acid-Base Status and the
Number of Apnea, Bradycardia, and Desaturation Alarms in Infants 27-32
Weeks Gestation in the First Two Weeks of Life
1:45 A-133
P13 Eun Ji Jeong The Stimulatory Effect of Atractylodiol on the Spontaneous Contractility of
Rat Distal Colon
8:45 A-151
P14 Vignessh Kumar Defining the Sleep and Cardio-Metabolic Phenotypes of Individuals with
Age-Related Insomnia
2:10 D-103
P15 Shelly Li Thymoquinone Inhibits Cigarette Smoke Extract-Induced Invasiveness of
Cultured Cervical Cancer Cells
8:45 A-117
P16 Xiaoyu Li Effect of Laser Photocoagulation Therapy on the General Morphology of
Mouse Retina
1:45 A-113
P17 Daniel
Matthews
Douglas Zhu
Characterizing Recent Patent Activity Related to Diagnostic Genetic Testing 10:50 A-155
P18 Tahir Mohideen Controlling the Release and Targeting Kinetics to Cancer Cells of a Folic
Acid-Targeted Delivery System
10:00 A-133
P19 Viveka Patel Priming of Alveolar Macrophages by Lipopolysaccharides Augments
Inflammatory Response When Stimulated by Anthrax Lethal Toxin
12:30 B-108
P20 Saieesh Rao Tumor-Associated Mastocytosis in Human Ulcerative Colitis Leading to
Colon Cancer
12:55 A-121
P21 Brooke Ray Comparing Invasive and Non-Invasive Blood Pressure Recordings in
Premature Patients Less than Thirty Seven Weeks Gestational Age with
Diagnosis of Patent Ductus Arteriosus
1:20 A-121
P22 Mahendra
Reddy
Role of Foxc1 and Foxc2 in Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells to
Vascular Endothelial Cells.
1:45 B-133
P23 Ross Skelly Characterization of Liver-Detargeted Oncolytic Adenoviruses 9:10 B-108
P24 Nicholas
Srivastava
The Effect of Cardiac Reoperation on Ventricular Function 1:20 A-131
P25 Adekore Taiwo HIV: The Trojan Horse 10:25 Lect. Hall
B-206
P26 Rohan Verma Modulation of Stem Cell Marker (DCAMKL1) Expression During Colon
Cancer Chemoprevention
2:10 A-131
P27 Rheanna
Vimawala
More Factors Influencing Successful Weaning From Caffeine and Outcomes
of Infants Who Failed Weaning From Caffeine
2:10 A-133
P28 Yifu Zhang Effects of Fatty Acids on Pancreatic Cancer Cells 8:45 A-119
Neurobiology Title Start
Time
Room
Q01 Megan Bacani
Dhruv Patel
Measuring Cerebrovascular Reactivity in Patients With and Without Brain
Disorders
10:25 A-119
Q02 Ashley Chong Correlation of Hippocampal Asymmetric Index and Nonverbal Memory
Performance for Primary Progressive Aphasia Patients
9:10 Lect. Hall
B-206
Q03 Zi-Ning Choo
Ted Li
Laboratory Techniques for Studying Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 10:00 Acad. Pit
A-138
Q04 Zi-Ning Choo
Ted Li
Areen Pitaktong
Aberrant Alternative Splicing in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 10:50 Acad. Pit
A-138
Q05 Mary Do Investigation of Language Networks Using fMRI with Auditory and Visual
Stimuli
10:50 A-119
18
Neurobiology Title Start
Time
Room
Q06 Mary Do
Joan Shang
Water Diffusion as an Effective Biomarker to Evaluate Efficacy of Brain
Treatment Performance
11:15 A-119
Q07 Dominic Gentile
Previn Kumar
Using Hippocampal Structure to Differentiate Between Mild Cognitive
Impairment Types
10:00 Lect. Hall
B-206
Q08 Brinda Gupta The Effects of Methamphetamine and Dopamine Receptor Antagonists on the
Neurovasculature
9:10 B-133
Q09 Grant Herrman Moderate Ethanol Preconditioning Induction of Heat Shock Protein 70 in
Non-Primary Neuronal Cell Lines and its Correlation to Neuroprotection
11:15 B-148
Q10 Kevin Hong Vasogenic Edema as a Mechanism of Transgenic Human Antigen R-Mediated
Increase in Ischemic Lesion Size in a Mouse Stroke Model
11:15 Kids Inst.
E-115
Q11 Lakshmi s
Maura Slattery
Identifying Interesting Genes that Show Difference in Healthy and Diseased
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Transgenic Mice at Different Stages of
Disease Progression
10:25 Acad. Pit
A-138
Q12 Kathryn Kim Clustering Depressive Symptoms in Aging: Group Differences and White
Matter Correlates
12:55 D-110
Q13 Sooyeon Kim
Sidra Salman
Mouse Model for the Study of Axonal Degeneration in Huntington's Disease 9:35 A-155
Q14 Rahul
Maheshwari
Sarah Martin
IL-10 Expression Surrounding Neuromuscular Junctions in the mSOD1
Mouse Model of ALS
1:45 Lect. Hall
B-206
Q15 Rahul
Maheshwari
Sarah Martin
Tumor Necrosis Factor α Expression Surrounding Neuromuscular Junctions
in the mSOD1 Mouse Model of ALS
2:10 Lect. Hall
B-206
Q16 Bindi Patel Acute Seizure-Induced Microglia Activation in the Hippocampus of Postnatal
Day 14 Mice
10:50 A-151
Q17 Shivani Patel Immunohistochemical Localization of Hyperpolarization-Activated and
Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Nonselective Cation Channels (HCN1-4) in the
Mouse Brain
9:10 A-147
Q18 Tonu Pius Measuring Hemodynamic Response Function in Patients and Healthy
Controls
10:00 A-119
Q19 Abhinav Reddy Characterization of Neuronal Human Antigen-R Protein Expression 12:30 Kids Inst.
E-115
Q20 Carrie Sha Comparing Mathematical and Verbal Semantic Memory in Epileptic Patients
Through Invasive Neurophysiologic Brain Mapping
9:35 A-133
Q21 Kalyani
Sonarikar
The Development of Arithmetic Skills in an Epileptic Patient 8:45 A-135
Q22 Shruthi
Subramanian
Modulation of Calcium Homeostasis on Amyloid-Beta Derived Diffusible
Ligand-Treated Astrocytes
12:30 A-151
Q23 Amanda Sul
Connie Wang
Using a Drosophila Melanogaster Model to Study ALS 12:30 Lect. Hall
B-206
Q24 Rebecca Wu Effects of Misregulation of GABRB3 Gene Expression in Relationship to
Autism Related Behavior
10:50 A-149
Q25 Vivian Zhang The Role of Protein X in Eliminating SOD1 in Fibroblasts Derived from
SOD1-G93A Transgenic Mice
1:20 Acad. Pit
A-138
19
Physics Title Start
Time
Room
R01 Vidya Anjur Photomultiplier Tube Calibration for the Use of Solid Xenon as a Particle
Detector
12:55 A-113
R02 Wesley Beck Determination of the Future of Neutrino Mass Hierarchy Experiments 9:35 A-149
R03 Emily Camras Minimizing Electrical Noise in the MicroBooNE Liquid Argon Time
Projection Chamber and Developing an Algorithm for Event Classification
2:10 A-113
R04 Kathleen
Chinetti
Searching for Dark Matter Using Charge Coupled Devices 2:10 A-155
R05 Jasmine Davila
Quinn
Gingerevans
The Future Now: Using Developing Rocket Technologies to Create the
Ultimate Thrill Ride
1:20 D-107
R06 Arjun Garg Testing Correlations Between Nuclear Decay Rates and Earth-Sun Distance 12:55 A-155
R07 Ethan Gordon Searching for the Standard Model Higgs Boson in the WH→WWW→lvjjjj
Channel
10:25 A-131
R08 Jimmy Huang Computer Simulation of Quenching in the High Field Superconducting
Accelerator Magnet Made with Nb3Sn Cable
11:15 A-131
R09 Aadam Ibrahim Fourier Transform Infrared Imaging in Determining the Effectiveness of
Trehalose as a Protectant
2:10 A-135
R10 Aadam Ibrahim Recycling Carbon Dioxide: Following Algae Response to High Concentration
Carbon Dioxide Environments
1:20 D-103
R11 Emil
Khabiboulline
Optimization of Focusing Lenses through Computational Modeling and
Analysis of Related Quench Protection Issues
8:45 A-133
R12 Akram Khaja Studying Silicon Annealing Effects on the Collider Detector at Fermilab 9:10 A-121
R13 Jingfei Li Screening For Contamination From Alpha Particle Decay In Materials for the
Cryogenic Dark Matter Search
10:25 B-110
R14 Emily Lindgren Deflection Studies on the g-2 Vacuum Test Chamber Before and After
Adding New Grooves
8:45 A-131
R15 Joshua Love Developing a Neutrino Interaction Identification Algorithm 10:25 B-108
R16 Peter Lu A Laboratory Model of Two-Dimensional Granular Collisions 10:50 A-135
R17 Kirti Munjeti Exploring Alternate Explanations for Dark Matter's Claims: Long Term
Activation of Radiated Sodium Iodide Crystal
2:10 A-119
R18 Laura
Napierkowski
R&D for the Tracking Detector for Fermilab's Muon g-2 Experiment 9:10 A-131
R19 Deokgeun Park Analysis of the Globular Cluster NGC1851 Using the Dark Energy Survey
Filter Set
10:50 A-117
R20 Savanna Rutas Measurement of Galaxy Masses via Galaxy-Galaxy Lensing in the Sloan
Digital Sky Survey Data
9:35 A-113
Psychology Title Start
Time
Room
S01 Wei-en Chu
Cherish Kim
Alexandra
Maffei
IMSA Students' Attitudes Towards Interracial Relationships 8:45 Kids Inst.
E-115
S02 Victoria
Etherton
Effects of Personality, Gender, and Age on Spatial Relations Ability 1:20 Lect. Hall
B-206
S03 Mallory Giger The Effects of Previous Drug Experience on Responses to 3,4-
methylenedioxymethamphetamine
10:00 A-151
S04 Riley Helm Determination of Factors that Affect the Success of Rumors 9:10 D-107
S05 Corey Hornbeck Perceptual Learning in Synthetic Speech with Interference 2:10 A-115
20
Psychology Title Start
Time
Room
S06 Taylor Imburgia Examining the Levels of Overexcitabilities of IMSA Sophomores 1:45 Kids Inst.
E-115
S07 Eva Meyer How Self Perception Differs From Observer Perception in Classmates 10:50 Lect. Hall
B-206
S08 Jennifer Ren Culture and Color: Evidence for Cultural Diversity in Color Perception 11:15 Lect. Hall
B-206
S09 Natalie Runkle The Relationship of Daily Activities to the States of Mind and Academic
Performances of Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy Students
Enrolled in Physiology and Disease or Biophysics Courses
8:45 D-103
S10 Sydney
Tomasko
The Influence of Anticipated Gender-Specific Roles on the Career Aspirations
of Female IMSA Students
9:10 Kids Inst.
E-115
S11 Jessica
Ventenilla
Ways of Discussing Mother Nature: Differences in Sharing Learned
Information About the Menstrual Cycle Among Adolescent Girls in
Residential Versus Commuter Schools
10:25 Kids Inst.
E-115
S12 Kevin Zhang The Effect of Homelessness on Executive Functions in Homeless Youth 2:10 A-149
Social Science Title Start
Time
Room
T01 Michael Atten Culture Shocked: A Study of How Differences in Cultural Values Impact
International Collaboration
9:35 Acad. Pit
A-138
T02 Sophia
Baramidze
An Examination of the Polish American Experience 1:20 A-149
T03 Sharadyn Ciota The State of Somalia: The United Nations in Practice and in Theory Since the
Decolonization Era
1:20 A-133
T04 Richard Fafara
Alexander
Stratton
An International Energy Assessment: The Benefits and Pitfalls of Nuclear
Power in the Modern Age
12:55 A-115
T05 Inga Gurevich
Alexandra
Roman
Eurovision, the Ultimate European Song Contest: Talent or Politics? 10:25 D-110
T06 Gina Jung
Madison
Schroeder
Beauty Advertisement and its Effects on the Body Image of Female IMSA
Students
10:00 Kids Inst.
E-115
T07 Itzel Lopez
Uriel Ramirez
The Significance of the Latino Vote in the Presidential Election of 2012 12:
55
A-119
T08 John McGuire IMSA's Understanding of the Abortion Issue 10:50 Kids Inst.
E-115
T09 Perry Nelson The Representation of Female and Male Cross-Dressing in Popular Culture 9:10 A-149
T10 Maura Slattery
Hannah
Swerbenski
The Veteran Struggle: Returning to Civilian Life 9:35 A-147
T11 Ian Wilkinson Invisible Wounds: The Implications of Closed Head Injury Caused by High
Explosives
10:50 A-147
T12 Stanley Yuan Education Systems in China and Their Effect on Leadership Development 10:50 A-115
Space Science Title Start
Time
Room
U01 Jose Hernandez Connection Between Pressure and Molecular Hydrogen in Galaxies 2:10 B-133
Poster Map
Cafeteria
A01 B02 B08 C04 C10 C16
A02 B03 B09 C05 C11 C17
A03 B04 B10 C06 C12 C18
A04 B05 C01 C07 C13 C19
A05 B06 C02 C08 C14 C20
B01 B07 C03 C09 C15 C21
C22 C23 C24 C25 C26 C27 C28 C29 C30 C31 C32 C33 C34 C35
C36 C37 C38 C39 C40 C41 C42 C43 C44 C45 C46 D01 E01 E02
E03 E04 E05 E06 E07 E08 E09 E10 F01 F02 F03 F04 F05 F06 G01 G02 G03 G04
G05 H01 H02 H03 H04 I01 I02 I03 I04 I05 I06 I07 I08 I09 I10 I11 I12 I13
K03 K04 K05 K06 K07 K08 K09 L01 L02 M01 M02 M03 M04 N01 N02 O01
Old Cafeteria/Commons
I14
J01
K01
K02
O02 P01
P02
Diagram Not to Scale P03
* Biochemistry: A01-A05 * Economics: G01-G05 * History: M01-M04
* Bioengineering: B01-B10 * Education: H01-H04 * Law: N01-N02
* Biology: C01-C46 * Engineering: I01-I14 * Mathematics: O01-O02
* Business: D01 * English: J01 * Medicine: P01-P03
* Chemistry: E01-E10 * Environmental Science: K01-K09 continued
* Computer Science: F01-F06 * Fine Arts: L01-L02
Old Cafeteria/Commons
Diagram not to Scale
* Medicine continued: P04-P28
* Neurobiology: Q01
continued
Poster Map
C135
C133
C142
C145 Stairs
A102
Horwitz
Conference
Room
C132
Offices
C143
C144
Research Conference Room
S01 S02
A R20
R19
Q02 Q03 Q04 Q05 Q06 Q07 Q08 Q09 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 Q19
Q20 Q21 Q22 Q23 Q24 Q25 R01 R02 R03 R04 R05 R06 R07 R08 R09 R10 R11 R12
Hall between Administrative Offices and Student Life R18
C122A
C121A Offices
C125
C126
C127
R17 A108
R13 R14 R15 R16
CAC Office A107
D
Diagram not to Scale
* Neurobiology continued: Q02-Q25
* Physics: R01-R20
* Psychology: S01-S02 …continued
Poster Map
Math Study Area
A15
1
C166
A145
Copy Room
A147
Classrooms A149
Math Study Area
T08 T02 S08
U01 T07 T01 S07
A148
Classrooms A150 T12 T06 S12 S06
T11 T05 S11 S05
Room
T10 T04 S10 S04 A137B
T09 T03 S09 S03
A138 A137
A144 A144B
Conference
A143
Classrooms A141
Room
Leon Ledeman
Office
Academic Pit
A138 Mail
Room
Stairs to the
President’s Office
C141
Offices
C144
STAIRS
A102
Horwitz Conference Room
A140 A150A G E C
A103 A105 F D B
Diagram not to Scale
* Psychology continued: S03-S12
* Social Science: T01-T12
* Space Science: U01
25
Time and Room Schedule for Presentations
08:45 - 09:00
Room Poster
ID
A-115 C08 CDDO Inhibits TGF-Beta-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in A549 Lung
Epithelial Cells via the PI3K/AKT Pathway
Sruthi Doniparthi, John Varga, Jun Wei
A-117 P15 Thymoquinone Inhibits Cigarette Smoke Extract-Induced Invasiveness of Cultured
Cervical Cancer Cells
Shelly Li, Kenneth Alexander
A-119 P28 Effects of Fatty Acids on Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Yifu Zhang, Paul Grippo
A-121 B03 Role of the Prefrontal Cortex in Trace Eye-Blink Conditioning
Akram Khaja, Craig Weiss
A-131 R14 Deflection Studies on the g-2 Vacuum Test Chamber Before and After Adding New
Grooves
Emily Lindgren, Brendan Casey, Mandy Rominsky
A-133 R11 Optimization of Focusing Lenses through Computational Modeling and Analysis of
Related Quench Protection Issues
Emil Khabiboulline, Michael Tartaglia, Iouri Terechkine
A-135 Q21 The Development of Arithmetic Skills in an Epileptic Patient
Kalyani Sonarikar, Vernon Leo Towle
A-147 C27 Heat Shock Protein 70 Regulates Interleukin 10 Producing Regulatory T Cells
Anuj Marathe, Eugene Chang, Yunwei Wang
A-149 C34 The Role of Protein Vpx in HIV Inhibitor SAMHD1 Degradation
Sarah Salameh, Urmi Sheth, Thomas Hope
A-151 P13 The Stimulatory Effect of Atractylodiol on the Spontaneous Contractility of Rat Distal
Colon
Eun Ji Jeong, KyuYong Jung
A-155 N02 Criminal Minds?: A Psychological and Legal Analysis of the Insanity Plea's Credibility
Mindy Jian, Heidi Warning, Colin Miller
Acad.
Pit
A-138
H04 Improving American Mathematics and Science Education for Global Success Using the
Programme for International Student Assessment Results, Surveys, and Interviews
Lucija Filipac, Sonam Vyas, Glenn "Max" McGee
B-110 C25 Characterizing the Ideal Antibody Isotype Distribution Against Influenza
Christine Liu, Patrick Wilson
B-133 C01 Analysis of Colorectal Cancer Risk Factors in E-Cadherin in Diverse Patient
Populations
Soham Ali, Nathan Ellis, Archana Krish
B-148 I02 Development of a Field Programmable Gate Array Block for Real Time Pulse Analysis
with Applications in High Energy Physics
Paul Bogdan, Mircea Bogdan, Henry Frisch
D-103 S09 The Relationship of Daily Activities to the States of Mind and Academic Performances
of Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy Students Enrolled in Physiology and
Disease or Biophysics Courses
Natalie Runkle, Christopher Kolar, Deborah McGrath
D-107 E07 Search for an Anti-Bird Flu Agent From Southeastern Asian Plants
Jingfei Li, Hongjie Zhang
26
08:45 - 09:00 (continued)
D-110 C24 An Examination of Nutritional Stress in a Nineteenth Century Skeletal Population
From Peoria, Illinois
Sarah Lisk, Anne Grauer
Kids
Inst.
E-115
S01 IMSA Students' Attitudes Towards Interracial Relationships
Wei-en Chu, Cherish Kim, Alexandra Maffei, David Evenson
Lect.
Hall B-206
D01 A Nonlinear Portfolio Building Model in Futures Trading Strategy
Evan Yin, Doug Adams
09:10 - 09:25
Room Poster
ID
A-113 L02 Original Analysis of Webern's Variations for Piano, Op. 27
Henry Ward, Michael Keyton, Mario Pelusi
A-115 C07 Dimethylfumurate Inhibits Tumor Growth Factor-Beta-Induced Myofibroblast
Differentiation in Dermal Fibroblasts via the Nrf2 Pathway
Sruthi Doniparthi, John Varga, Jun Wei
A-119 I12 Changing Cell Fate: A New Method to Treat Colon Cancer Without the Side Effects of
Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy
Hyun Jin Song, Jennifer Zhang, Vitali Metlushko
A-121 R12 Studying Silicon Annealing Effects on the Collider Detector at Fermilab
Akram Khaja, Kyle Knoepfel
A-131 R18 R&D for the Tracking Detector for Fermilab's Muon g-2 Experiment
Laura Napierkowski, Brendan Casey, Mandy Rominsky
A-133 B05 Micelle Formulations of Dendron-Based Block Copolymers with Various Surface
Groups
John Lee, Seungpyo Hong
A-147 Q17 Immunohistochemical Localization of Hyperpolarization-Activated and Cyclic
Nucleotide-Gated Nonselective Cation Channels (HCN1-4) in the Mouse Brain
Shivani Patel, Dane Chetkovich
A-149 T09 The Representation of Female and Male Cross-Dressing in Popular Culture
Perry Nelson, Daniel Gleason
A-151 P11 Comparison in the Need for Resuscitation in Spontaneous Vaginal Births Versus
Cesarean Sections
Rachel Hermes, Richard Kampanatkosol, Jonathan Muraskas
A-155 H03 Preparedness of Ninth and Tenth Grade Mathematics Teachers for Implementing
Common Core State Standards
Margaret Daly, Sandy Perez, Tracy Miller
B-133 Q08 The Effects of Methamphetamine and Dopamine Receptor Antagonists on the
Neurovasculature
Brinda Gupta, Paul Carvey, Bill Hendey
Acad.
Pit
A-138
K01 Comparing the Effectiveness of Natural and Chemical Laboratory Waste Water
Treatment Methods: An International Collaborative Effort
Mitchell Bieniek, Christopher Sartain, Samuel Walder, Glenn "Max" McGee, Aracelys Rios
B-108 P23 Characterization of Liver-Detargeted Oncolytic Adenoviruses
Ross Skelly, Prem Seth
B-110 K04 The Optimization of Cellulosic Ethanol Production from Corn Stover, Mixed Prairie
Plants, and Switchgrass
Grace DiCecco, Margaret Workman
27
09:10 - 09:25 (continued)
D-103 P08 A Literature-Based Study on Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Breanna Dachsteiner, Sowmya Anjur
D-107 S04 Determination of Factors that Affect the Success of Rumors
Riley Helm, Sarah O'Leary-Driscoll
D-110 M04 Post World War II German Identity, From Pride to Problem
Caitlin Walczyk, Christian Nokkentved
Kids
Inst.
E-115
S10 The Influence of Anticipated Gender-Specific Roles on the Career Aspirations of
Female IMSA Students
Sydney Tomasko, David Evenson
Lect.
Hall
B-206
Q02 Correlation of Hippocampal Asymmetric Index and Nonverbal Memory Performance
for Primary Progressive Aphasia Patients
Ashley Chong, Emily Rogalski, Lei Wang
09:35 - 09:50
Room Poster
ID
A-113 R20 Measurement of Galaxy Masses via Galaxy-Galaxy Lensing in the Sloan Digital Sky
Survey Data
Savanna Rutas, Huan Lin, Marcelle Soares-Santos
A-115 C09 The Effect of Poly I:C on Transforming Growth Factor-β-Induced Fibrotic Responses
Nicholas Fung, Feng Fang, John Varga
A-117 P01 Effect of Chemically-Induced Hypoxia on the Metastasis of High Nitric Oxide Adapted
and Parent Cancer Cell Microenvironments
Courtney Amegashie, Kim Elseth, James Radosevich, Benjamin Vesper
A-121 I09 Properties of the Heusler Alloy Ni2GaZr
Zoe Phillips, Philip Nash
A-131 B08 Effect of Cleaning Methods on Hydrophilicity of Different Thicknesses of TiO2 Layers
Nathan Suek, Christos Takoudis
A-133 Q20 Comparing Mathematical and Verbal Semantic Memory in Epileptic Patients Through
Invasive Neurophysiologic Brain Mapping
Carrie Sha, Vernon Leo Towle
A-135 F04 Autonomous Flight of an Android Piloted Plane
Jason Lin, Namrata Pandya
A-147 T10 The Veteran Struggle: Returning to Civilian Life
Maura Slattery, Hannah Swerbenski, James Victory
A-149 R02 Determination of the Future of Neutrino Mass Hierarchy Experiments
Wesley Beck, Maury Goodman
A-151 C10 Functional Central Polypurine Tract Provides Downstream Protection of HIV-1
Genome from Editing by APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F
Beatrice Go, Eun-Young Kim
A-155 Q13 Mouse Model for the Study of Axonal Degeneration in Huntington's Disease
Sooyeon Kim, Sidra Salman, Rodolfo Gatto, Gerardo Morfini
Acad.
Pit
A-138
T01 Culture Shocked: A Study of How Differences in Cultural Values Impact International
Collaboration
Michael Atten, Glenn "Max" McGee
B-108 C11 HOXA10 Regulates Transcription of Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 in Myeloid Cells
Ashima Gupta, Elizabeth Eklund, Chirag Shah
28
09:35 - 09:50 (continued)
B-110 A04 Comparative Analysis of Protein Cargo Selection During Intracellular Trafficking
Under Normal and Heat Stressed Conditions
Madhav Mohandas, Sue Fox, Richard Morimoto, Anan Yu
B-133 C28 The Role of RBP2 in MCF-7 Cancer Cell Drug Resistance
Aalap Mehta, Elizaveta Benevolenskaya
D-103 F03 Modeling the Motions of High Altitude Balloons
Joshua Fornek, Mark Subbarao
D-107 A05 Effects of Modifications to Hsp27 on Viability of Smooth Muscle Cells Under Oxidative
Stress
Kyle Mou, Jody Martin, Margaret McShane
D-110 G04 The Great Recession: A Clarification
Irene Jiang, Lee Eysturlid
Kids
Inst.
E-115
H02 The Self-Perceptions of Academic Achievement Amongst Racially Diverse Gifted
Students
Morgan Ashley Craft, Ashley Washington, Adrienne Coleman
Lect.
Hall
B-206
N01 An Analysis of the Death Penalty Worldwide
Jennifer Bailey, Katia Colin, Sandra Babcock, Delphine Lourtau
B-148 C36 The Selection of Resistance in E. coli
Steven Suh, Donald Dosch
10:00 - 10:15
Room Poster
ID
A-113 B02 Design and Characterization of Three Dimensional Bioplotted Natural Biopolymer
Constructs for Tissue Engineering Applications
Nilesh Kavthekar, Karen Chien, Ramille Shah
A-115 P03 The Effect of Ccl22 on Regulatory T Cells and Skin Depigmentation in Mice
Wendy Bindeman, Jonathan Eby, Hee-Kap Kang, Caroline Le Poole
A-117 P02 The Effect of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Chemotaxis on the Metastasis of Cancer
Cell Microenvironments
Courtney Amegashie, Kim Elseth, James Radosevich, Benjamin Vesper
A-119 Q18 Measuring Hemodynamic Response Function in Patients and Healthy Controls
Tonu Pius, Jennie Chen, Todd Parrish, Xue Wang
A-121 I03 The Physical, Structural, and Chemical Properties of Ni2ZrIn
Gary Chen, Philip Nash
A-133 P18 Controlling the Release and Targeting Kinetics to Cancer Cells of a Folic Acid-
Targeted Delivery System
Tahir Mohideen, Seungpyo Hong, Suhair Sunoqrot
A-135 O01 Educating the World with Game Theory
Austin Gonzalez, Erik Luo, Namrata Pandya
A-147 H01 A Case Study Comparing Parent Involvement Indicators and Factors Between Two
Elementary Schools of Different Socioeconomic Levels.
Karina Banda, Joscelyn Garcia, Mariela Rodriguez, Jose Palos, Aracelys Rios
A-149 C41 Population Structure of Avian Chewing Lice Brueelia laticeps on Two Toucan Genera
Andigena and Aulacorhynchus
Malia Wenny, Shannon Hackett, Heather Skeen, Jason Weckstein
29
10:00 - 10:15 (continued)
A-151 S03 The Effects of Previous Drug Experience on Responses to 3,4-
methylenedioxymethamphetamine
Mallory Giger, Harriet de Wit, Matt Kirkpatrick
Acad.
Pit
A-138
Q03 Laboratory Techniques for Studying Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Zi-Ning Choo, Ted Li, Pembe Hande Ozdinler
B-108 G01 Analysis of Market-Based Water Conservation Methods in the United States
Yusuf Aktan, Sabina Shaikh
B-110 C39 Modulation of the Akt/Protein Kinase B Pathway in Human Neutrophils Through the
Inhibition of Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog and PH Domain Leucine-Rich Repeat
Protein Phosphatase
Lee Tang, Xiangdong Zhu
B-133 C29 Transcriptional Regulation by Retinoblastoma Binding Protein 2
Aalap Mehta, Elizaveta Benevolenskaya
B-148 C17 Efficiency of Magnetic Bead and Gel Insert Preparation in Vector Cloning
Tejas Joshi, David Boone
D-107 K05 The Potential of Vertical Farming
Logan Dodd, Bryan Hoffman, Sarah O'Leary-Driscoll
Kids
Inst
E-115
T06 Beauty Advertisement and its Effects on the Body Image of Female IMSA Students
Gina Jung, Madison Schroeder, Amanda Gray, Lauren Lutz
Lect.
Hall
B-206
Q07 Using Hippocampal Structure to Differentiate Between Mild Cognitive Impairment
Types
Dominic Gentile, Previn Kumar, Kate Alpert, Adam Christensen, Lei Wang
10:25 - 10:40
Room Poster
ID
A-113 F01 Extracting Key Words from News Articles to Find Appropriate Sites
Brian Chien, Larry Birnbaum, Patrick McNally, Shawn O'Banion
A-115 C26 The Effects of HSP70 antibodies in an Anti-Tumor Response
Sirisha Manam, Caroline Le Poole, Jeffrey Mosenson
A-117 C14 Biological Properties of Cancer Cells Through Soft Agar Cloning
Jennifer Huang, Melissa Kim, Kim Elseth, James Radosevich, Benjamin Vesper
A-119 Q01 Measuring Cerebrovascular Reactivity in Patients With and Without Brain Disorders
Megan Bacani, Dhruv Patel, Jennie Chen, Todd Parrish, Xue Wang
A-121 B04 Using the Laser Diode to Determine the Stapedius Reflex
Krishna Kudaravalli, Ajay Pius, Claus-Peter Richter
A-131 R07 Searching for the Standard Model Higgs Boson in the WH→WWW→lvjjjj Channel
Ethan Gordon, Michael Cooke, Ryuji Yamada
A-135 G03 Combating Corruption and Spreading Financial Services via Technology in Himalayan
Economies
Saarthak Gupta, Eric Smith
A-147 C42 Phase Behavior in Cell-Free Membrane Vesicles
Andrew Wentzel, Adam Hammond
A-149 C20 The Effects of Cholesterol Level Manipulations in Model Lipid Bilayers
Hannah Koo, Adam Hammond
30
10:25 - 10:40 (continued)
A-155 E01 Characterization of Electron Beam-Induced Deposited Nanoparticles in Liquid
Medium
Brian Chen, Ralu Divan, Leonidas Ocola
Acad.
Pit
A-138
Q11 Identifying Interesting Genes that Show Differences in Healthy and Diseased
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Transgenic Mice at Different Stages of Disease
Progression
Lakshmi Katta, Maura Slattery, Pembe Hande Ozdinler
B-108 R15 Developing a Neutrino Interaction Identification Algorithm
Joshua Love, Shulamit Moed Sher
B-110 R13 Screening For Contamination From Alpha Particle Decay In Materials for the
Cryogenic Dark Matter Search
Jingfei Li, Lauren Hsu
B-148 C04 Bacterial Species Identification Using Polymerase Chain Reaction
Francis Cocjin, Egle Malinauskaite, Donald Dosch
D-103 P06 Reducing Radiation from Diagnosing Patients with Suspected Ischemic Stroke
Ajay Chatrath, Arun Jagannathan
D-107 C18 Loss of miR-145 in Colon Cancer Upregulates Direct Target ADAM17
Kaylee Karumanchi, Bruce Bissonnette, Reba Mustafi
D-110 T05 Eurovision, the Ultimate European Song Contest: Talent or Politics?
Inga Gurevich, Alexandra Roman, Lee Eysturlid, Christian Nokkentved
Kids
Inst.
E-115
S11 Ways of Discussing Mother Nature: Differences in Sharing Learned Information
About the Menstrual Cycle Among Adolescent Girls in Residential Versus Commuter
Schools
Jessica Ventenilla, Sowmya Anjur, David Evenson, Christopher Kolar
Lect.
Hall
B-206
P25 HIV: The Trojan Horse
Adekore Taiwo, Minh Dinh
10:50 - 11:05
Room Poster
ID
A-113 C37 Increased Heterogeneity of Calcium Cycling in Ventricular Myocytes from Failing
Hearts
Shannon Tai, Andrew Wasserstrom
A-115 T12 Education Systems in China and Their Effect on Leadership Development
Stanley Yuan, Robert Kiely
A-117 R19 Analysis of the Globular Cluster NGC1851 Using the Dark Energy Survey Filter Set
Deokgeun Park, Tom Diehl, Douglas Tucker
A-119 Q05 Investigation of Language Networks Using fMRI with Auditory and Visual Stimuli
Mary Do, Todd Parrish, Xue Wang
A-131 C15 The Effect of the Modified Base m6A on the Splicing of a Pre-mRNA Transcript
Jimmy Huang, Joseph Piccirilli
A-133 A02 Gold Ion-Protein Interaction by Mass Spectrometry
Jenny Lee, Shalini Gupta, Bao-Shiang Lee
A-135 R16 A Laboratory Model of Two-Dimensional Granular Collisions
Peter Lu, Justin Burton, Sidney Nagel
A-147 T11 Invisible Wounds: The Implications of Closed Head Injury Caused by High Explosives
Ian Wilkinson, James Victory
31
10:50 - 11:05 (continued)
A-149 Q24 Effects of Misregulation of GABRB3 Gene Expression in Relationship to Autism
Related Behavior
Rebecca Wu, Williams Dietz, Laura Herzing
A-151 Q16 Acute Seizure-Induced Microglia Activation in the Hippocampus of Postnatal Day 14
Mice
Bindi Patel, Patrick Fox, Sookyong Koh, Lauren Mlsna
A-155 P17 Characterizing Recent Patent Activity Related to Diagnostic Genetic Testing
Daniel Matthews, Douglas Zhu, Brandon Pierce
Acad.
Pit
A-138
Q04 Aberrant Alternative Splicing in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Zi-Ning Choo, Ted Li, Areen Pitaktong, Pembe Hande Ozdinler
B-108 C44 Comparison of the Sutural Morphologies of the Lungfish Taxa Neoceratodus and its
Close Relatives
Karthik Yarlagadda, Justin Lemberg, Neil Shubin
B-133 B07 Microbial Dynamics in Methane Oxidation for Biochar-Amended Landfill Covers
Nishith Reddy, Jean Bogner
B-148 C19 The Effects of Iodine on the Ghost Shrimp Palaemonetes kadiakensis
Jiwon Kim, Vicki Burgholzer
D-103 E10 Crystallization of Electronic and Magnetic Molecule-Based Materials
Yuanhao Wang, John Schlueter
D-110 C30 Frequency of Periosteal Reactions in a Nineteenth Century Skeletal Population From
Peoria, Illinois
Vamsikrishna Naidu, Anne Grauer
Kids
Inst.
E-115
T08 IMSA's Understanding of the Abortion Issue
John McGuire, David Evenson
Lect.
Hall
B-206
S07 How Self Perception Differs From Observer Perception in Classmates
Eva Meyer, Joan Chiao, Mark Schurgin
11:15 - 11:30
Room Poster
ID
A-113 C43 Triggered Intracellular Ca2+ Release in Failing Canine Atrial Myocytes
Shannon Tai, Shohei Yamakawa, Satya Yerrabolu, Andrew Wasserstrom
A-117 I14 Characterization and Manipulation of Nanorods via an Applied Magnetic Field
Summer Wu, Vinayak Dravid, Shih-Han Lo
A-119 Q06 Water Diffusion as an Effective Biomarker to Evaluate Efficacy of Brain Treatment
Performance
Mary Do, Joan Shang, Jennie Chen, Todd Parrish, Xue Wang
A-121 B10 Frequency Detection in Deaf Cats
Nathaniel White, Brent Wu, Agnella Matic, Claus-Peter Richter
A-131 R08 Computer Simulation of Quenching in the High Field Superconducting Accelerator
Magnet Made with Nb3Sn Cable
Jimmy Huang, Ryuji Yamada
A-133 G02 Modeling and Forecasting the Price of Gold Futures: Comparing the Black-Scholes
Equation Against a Multi-Factor Linear Regression Model, Time-Series Analysis, and
More Complex Stochastic Models
Henry Deng, John Bonie, Eric Smith
32
11:15 - 11:30 (continued)
A-135 B09 Visualization of Functional Group Selection in Creating Hypothetical Metal-Organic
Frameworks
Matthew Tsao, Randall Snurr, Chris Wilmer
A-149 K06 Indices of Sustainability
Christian Fitzsimmons, Michael Horn
A-151 J01 "The One Sin the Gods Never Forgive Us is That of Being Born Women:" A Study of
Women in Popular Modern Fantasy
Brianna Collender, Karolyn Stromdahl, Adam Kotlarczyk
A-155 I10 Improving the Design of a Dual Intermeshing Rotor Helicopter
Amir Safavi, Francisco Ruiz
Acad.
Pit
A-138
C31 The Glycobiology of Prostate Cancer
Areen Pitaktong, Roger Kroes, Joseph Moskal, Mary Schmidt
B-108 I01 Methods for Reduction of Power Consumption in Display Electronics
Jorge Acosta, Ayun Brown, Lucas Sturnfield
B-133 C32 The Effect of Vector Backbones on PCR Cloning of Green Fluorescent Protein
Nishith Reddy, David Boone
B-148 Q09 Moderate Ethanol Preconditioning Induction of Heat Shock Protein 70 in Non-
Primary Neuronal Cell Lines and its Correlation to Neuroprotection
Grant Herrman, Michael Collins, Donald Dosch
D-103 I07 Designing a Water Filter for Developing Nations
Benjamin Kuo, Mark Carlson
D-107 E08 An Investigation into Solid Catalysts for Biodiesel Synthesis from Used Fryer Oil
Ashley Radee, Justin Notestein
D-110 K02 The Plausibility of Creating Green Energy Farms From Blemished Crops
Ty Bottorff, Kenzo Esquivel, Olivia Legan, Branson Lawrence
Kids
Inst.
E-115
Q10 Vasogenic Edema as a Mechanism of Transgenic Human Antigen R-Mediated Increase
in Ischemic Lesion Size in a Mouse Stroke Model
Kevin Hong, Agnieszka Ardelt, Randall Carpenter
Lect.
Hall
B-206
S08 Culture and Color: Evidence for Cultural Diversity in Color Perception
Jennifer Ren, Joan Chiao
12:30 - 12:45
Room Poster
ID
A-117 C03 Regulation and Role of Regulator of G-protein Signaling-1 in Celiac Disease
Pathogenesis
Yiyun Cao, Cezary Ciszewski, Bana Jabri
A-131 I11 A Transimpedance Amplifier Under Cryogenic Temperatures
Robert Schurz, Rene Padilla
A-147 P09 Investigating Beta-Catenin and Calretinin as Possible Markers for Recurrence or
Transformation of Glioneuronal Tumors in Pediatric Patients
Sonya Dave, Veena Rajaram
A-151 Q22 Modulation of Calcium Homeostasis on Amyloid-Beta Derived Diffusible Ligand-
Treated Astrocytes
Shruthi Subramanian, William Klein, Pascale Lacor
33
12:30 - 12:45 (continued)
B-108 P19 Priming of Alveolar Macrophages by Lipopolysaccharides Augments Inflammatory
Response When Stimulated by Anthrax Lethal Toxin
Viveka Patel, Irena Levitan, Johnson Thomas
Kids
Inst.
E-115
Q19 Characterization of Neuronal Human Antigen-R Protein Expression
Abhinav Reddy, Agnieszka Ardelt, Randall Carpenter
Lect.
Hall
B-206
Q23 Using a Drosophila Melanogaster Model to Study ALS
Amanda Sul, Connie Wang, Xiaoping Chen, Jane Wu, Mengxue Yang
12:55 - 01:10
Room Poster
ID
A-113 R01 Photomultiplier Tube Calibration for the Use of Solid Xenon as a Particle Detector
Vidya Anjur, Jonghee Yoo
A-115 T04 An International Energy Assessment: The Benefits and Pitfalls of Nuclear Power in the
Modern Age
Richard Fafara, Alexander Stratton, Robert Kiely
A-119 T07 The Significance of the Latino Vote in the Presidential Election of 2012
Itzel Lopez, Uriel Ramirez, Juan Andrade, Marcos Popovich
A-121 P20 Tumor-Associated Mastocytosis in Human Ulcerative Colitis Leading to Colon Cancer
Saieesh Rao, Mohammad Khan, Khashayarsha Khazaie
A-133 O02 2- ε Devils Trap an Angel of Power 2
David Wang, Mark Fischler
A-135 A01 The Effects of Varying Concentrations of Permanent Hair Relaxer Components on
Human Fibroblasts Cells
Osazomon Imarenezor, Anita White
A-155 R06 Testing Correlations Between Nuclear Decay Rates and Earth-Sun Distance
Arjun Garg, Vadim Rusu
B-133 C05 Hypoxia and Starvation Promote Autophagy as a Survival Mechanism
Shelby Daniel-Wayman, Laura Dada, Markus Queisser
B-148 B06 Modeling Spatial Population Dynamics of Stem Cells in Tissue Growth
Claire Liang, Youfang Cao, Qing Nie
D-103 C16 Leaf Variation in Agathis robusta as an Indicator of Forest Structure for Fossil Plants
Seneca Hutson, Amanda Magyar, Kevin Boyce
D-107 E04 An Investigation into Solid Catalysts for Biodiesel Conversion Using Fresh Soy Oil
Nishita Kumar, Justin Notestein
D-110 Q12 Clustering Depressive Symptoms in Aging: Group Differences and White Matter
Correlates
Kathryn Kim, Mailynn Grajewski, Laura Korthauer, Melissa Lamar
Kids
Inst.
E-115
I13 IMSA Students' Motivations to use Electricity Generating Bikes
Kyle Stanevich, Branson Lawrence
Lect.
Hall
B-206
K07 Acceleration and Expansion of Diversity in the Illinois Mathematics and Science
Academy Prairie
Clare Leahy, Elaina Zintl, Donald Dosch
34
1:20 - 1:35
Room Poster
ID
A-113 C35 The Role of the Receptor Nectin-1 in Viral Spread of Herpes Simplex Virus-1
Navika Shukla, Tibor Valyi-Nagy
A-115 P07 Associations Between HIV Susceptibility and Mutations in the Vif-Associated
APOBEC3G Proteasomal Complex
Kevin Chong, Jackson Michuda, Sudhir Penugonda
A-117 C23 The Role of SGK1 in Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in Endometriotic Cells
Shannon Kurian, Monica Patel, Serdar Bulun, Diana Monsivais
A-119 A03 Mechanism of MYCN Destabilization in Neuroblastoma
Nolan Maloney, Naohiko Ikegaki, Xao Tang
A-121 P21 Comparing Invasive and Non-Invasive Blood Pressure Recordings in Premature
Patients Less than Thirty Seven Weeks Gestational Age with Diagnosis of Patent
Ductus Arteriosus
Brooke Ray, Cristina Vega
A-131 P24 The Effect of Cardiac Reoperation on Ventricular Function
Nicholas Srivastava, Jia Raman
A-133 T03 The State of Somalia: The United Nations in Practice and in Theory Since the
Decolonization Era
Sharadyn Ciota, Eric Smith
A-135 C38 An Analysis of the Effects of Azelaic Acid on Principal Gene Expression and Root
Growth in Arabidopsis thaliana
Arjun Tambe, Nicolas Cecchini, Jean Greenberg
A-147 P05 An Assessment of the Benefits of a Spinal Surgery Simulator on the Learning and
Growth of Neurosurgical Residents
Alice Chang, Jiachen Wang, Aruna Ganju
A-149 T02 An Examination of the Polish American Experience
Sophia Baramidze, James Victory
A-151 B01 Incorporating Apoptosis in a Cell Proliferation Simulation Program
Eaton Guo, Jie Liang, Hammad Naveed
A-155 C02 The Effects of Plyometric Strength Training on Running Economy
Lydia Auch, Christine Darabaris, Steven Sadowsky
Acad.
Pit
A-138
Q25 The Role of Protein X in Eliminating SOD1 in Fibroblasts Derived from SOD1-G93A
Transgenic Mice
Vivian Zhang, Hasan Arrat, Faisal Fecto, Teepu Siddique
B-108 E09 Spectroscopic Analysis of Chemical Intermediates of Lithium-Air Batteries
Richard Shen, Hsien-Hau Wang
B-133 C21 The Effect of the Enteric Biome on Lysosomal Hydrolase Activity
Dipen Kumar, Glyn Dawson
B-148 C46 CD1-d Expression in Breast Cancer Progression
Jeffrey Zhao, Ming Zhang
D-103 R10 Recycling Carbon Dioxide: Following Algae Response to High Concentration Carbon
Dioxide Environments
Aadam Ibrahim, Mark Carlson, Carolyn Hirschmugl
D-107 R05 The Future Now: Using Developing Rocket Technologies to Create the Ultimate Thrill
Ride
Jasmine Davila, Quinn Gingerevans, Eric Hawker
35
1:20 - 1:35 (continued)
D-110 K03 Energy Efficiency of Hand Dryers Compared to Paper Towels and Their Effect on
Energy Consumption on the IMSA Campus
Christina Cheng, Harsha Jujjavarapu, Branson Lawrence
Kids
Inst.
E-115
G05 Determining the Value of a Baseball Player
Samuel Kaufman, Matthew Tennenhouse, Christopher Kolar
Lect.
Hall
B-206
S02 Effects of Personality, Gender, and Age on Spatial Relations Ability
Victoria Etherton, Joan Chiao, Mark Schurgin
1:45 - 2:00
Room Poster
ID
A-113 P16 Effect of Laser Photocoagulation Therapy on the General Morphology of Mouse
Retina
Xiaoyu Li, Xiaorong Liu
A-115 M02 The Effect of the Arab Spring on Egypt's Government, Diplomatic Relations, and its
Economy
Connor Kasch, Robert Kiely
A-117 E02 Determining the Global Minimum Binding Energy of the Interaction Between
Different Gas Molecules and Functional Groups in Metal-Organic Framework Using
Quantum Chemistry Calculations
Sanggyu (Raymond) Chong, Michelle Suh, Ki Chul Kim, Randall Snurr
A-119 I08 Designing a Mixed-Use Facility in a Semi-Urban Environment
Byron Mui, Justin Sass, Steven Vasilion
A-121 C33 How Does the Silencing Mediator of Retinoid and Thyroid Hormone Receptors Affect
Glucocorticoid Receptor Action?
Sabrina Roberts, Ronald Cohen
A-131 C40 Comparison of Drosophila cmi and Human MLL/ALR Type 3 PHD Fingers
Riva Trivedi, Andrew Dingwall, Claudia Zraly
A-133 P12 Exploring the Relationship Between Metabolic Acid-Base Status and the Number of
Apnea, Bradycardia, and Desaturation Alarms in Infants 27-32 Weeks Gestation in the
First Two Weeks of Life
Rae Hohle, Aditi Warhekar, Patricia Hummel
A-135 K09 Determining Toxicity of Sediment in the North Shore Channel
Hyun Bin Park, Jean-Francois Gaillard
A-147 F02 TitanOS: The Student Operating System
Mosab Elagha, Ivan Zlatanov, James Gerry
A-149 C13 Action of Estrogen on Tumorigenic and Non-Tumorigenic Rat Prostate Epithelial
Progenitor Cells
Dorcas Huang, Dan-Ping (Grace) Hu, Wen-Yang Hu, Gail Prins
A-151 I05 Optimizing the Conjugation and Separation of Linear Chains of Polyphosphates
Aditya Karan, Ying Liu
A-155 I06 Determining the Feasibility of Using Polymer Electrode Membrane Fuel Cells as a
Household Power Source
Keith Kimberling, Brooke Schmidt, Promod Vohra
Acad.
Pit
A-138
C06 Characterizing Tolerance in Pediatric Food Allergy
Sonya Dave, Andrew Ta, Aaditya Tolappa, Ashley Dyer, Ruchi Gupta
36
1:45 - 2:00 (continued)
B-108 C12 A Correlation Between Anticipatory Behaviors and Feeding Times in Captive Animals
Katherine Havighorst, Brooke Kottkamp, Debra Kutska, Jason Watters
B-133 P22 Role of Foxc1 and Foxc2 in Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells to Vascular
Endothelial Cells.
Mahendra Reddy, Anees Fatima, Tsutomu Kume
B-148 E06 Thin Layer and High Performance Liquid Chromatography of Chinese Medicinal
Herbs
Grace Li, Lily Lou, Chun-Tao Che, Ming Zhao
D-103 C22 Investigation of the Expression Pattern of Thioredoxin Domain Containing 9 in
Developing Zebrafish
Vignessh Kumar, Eric Schroeter
D-107 M03 The Rise and Fall of Great Powers
Mia Leckie, Agnel Philip, Claiborne Skinner
D-110 K08 The Efficiency of Green Roofs as a Method of Insulation for Urbanized Buildings
Ashwin Mitra, Branson Lawrence
Kids
Inst.
E-115
S06 Examining the Levels of Overexcitabilities of IMSA Sophomores
Taylor Imburgia, Christopher Kolar, Deborah McGrath
Lect.
Hall
B-206
Q14 IL-10 Expression Surrounding Neuromuscular Junctions in the mSOD1 Mouse Model
of ALS
Rahul Maheshwari, Sarah Martin, Nichole Mesnard, Julie Rowin
2:10 - 2:25
Room Poster
ID
A-113 R03 Minimizing Electrical Noise in the MicroBooNE Liquid Argon Time Projection
Chamber and Developing an Algorithm for Event Classification
Emily Camras, Brian Rebel
A-115 S05 Perceptual Learning in Synthetic Speech with Interference
Corey Hornbeck, Shannon Heald
A-117 I04 Finding Hydrophobic Chemical Structure That Enables the Adsorption of Ammonia
Sanggyu (Raymond) Chong, Ki Chul Kim, Randall Snurr
A-119 R17 Exploring Alternate Explanations for Dark Matter's Claims: Long Term Activation of
Radiated Sodium Iodide Crystal
Kirti Munjeti, Hugh Lippincott
A-121 C45 The Role of the Silencing Mediator of Retinoid and Thyroid Hormone Receptor in
Regulating 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Receptor Activity
Kelly Yom, Ronald Cohen, Margo Emont, Michael Landeche
A-131 P26 Modulation of Stem Cell Marker (DCAMKL1) Expression During Colon Cancer
Chemoprevention
Rohan Verma, Mart DeLa Cruz, Ramesh Wali
A-133 P27 More Factors Influencing Successful Weaning From Caffeine and Outcomes of Infants
Who Failed Weaning From Caffeine
Rheanna Vimawala, Patricia Hummel, Christine Sajous
A-135 R09 Fourier Transform Infrared Imaging in Determining the Effectiveness of Trehalose as
a Protectant
Aadam Ibrahim, Carolyn Hirschmugl
A-147 F06 Graphics Processing Unit-Accelerated Proton Collision Modeling in C++ and CUDA
Matthew Yang, Walter Giele, Gerben Stavenga
37
2:10 - 2:25 (continued)
A-149 S12 The Effect of Homelessness on Executive Functions in Homeless Youth
Kevin Zhang, Scott Hunter
A-151 P04 Qualitative Assessment of Modern Dental Products
Seth Butcher, Dean Lodding
A-155 R04 Searching for Dark Matter Using Charge Coupled Devices
Kathleen Chinetti, Thomas Schwarz
Acad.
Pit
A-138
F05 An Exploration into Artificial Intelligence: The Mind as a Complex, Adaptive System
Andrew Wentzel, Mike Ososky
B-108 P10 Institutional Review Board Unanticipated Problems Involving Risks to Subjects or
Others Reports Lack Sufficient Information to Determine Causality
Annie Guo, Steven Belknap, Debra Gibson Tice, Dennis West
B-133 U01 Connection Between Pressure and Molecular Hydrogen in Galaxies
Jose Hernandez, Robert Feldmann, Nick Gnedin
B-148 E05 Standardization of Chinese Medicinal Herbs by Thin Layer and High Performance
Liquid Chromatography
Joshua Lam, Chun-Tao Che
D-103 P14 Defining the Sleep and Cardio-Metabolic Phenotypes of Individuals with Age-Related
Insomnia
Vignessh Kumar, Hrayr Attarian, Roneil Malkani, Kathryn Reid
D-107 M01 French Colonial North America
Luis Gomez, Claiborne Skinner
D-110 L01 Understanding Music Structure and Form with the Intent of Composing Music
Carol Gu, Peter Dong
Kids
Inst.
E-115
E03 Comparing the Antioxidant Contents of Blueberries, Grapes, and Acai Berries
Yan-Yang Feng, Mingyang (Jennifer) Li, Deborah Scarano
Lect.
Hall
B-206
Q15 Tumor Necrosis Factor α Expression Surrounding Neuromuscular Junctions in the
mSOD1 Mouse Model of ALS
Rahul Maheshwari, Sarah Martin, Nichole Mesnard, Julie Rowin
38
A01
The Effects of Varying Concentrations of Permanent Hair Relaxer Components on Human
Fibroblasts Cells
Presenter(s)
Osazomon Imarenezor, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Anita White, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
The damage of permanent hair relaxers, ranging from skin irritation to flesh burns, can vary depending on
the chemical and its concentration. This study focuses on the damaging concentrations of commonly used
chemicals in these permanent hair relaxers such as sodium hydroxide, ammonium thioglycolate,
guanidine hydroxide, and ammonium sulfite. A human fibroblast cell line, M059K, was selected to test
the damaging effects of these substances. Cells were incubated with different concentrations of each
chemical for different exposure times. Following exposure, cell viability was measured using the
methylthiazol tetrazolium assay and neutral red tests. Preliminary results suggest 15 minutes of cell
exposure to 2.5% sodium hydroxide is completely toxic to the fibroblast cell line. Further studies will
address the effects of lower concentration of sodium hydroxide and the effects of the other chemicals. Our
objective is to educate the population on the potential hazards of beauty products.
A02
Gold Ion-Protein Interaction by Mass Spectrometry
Presenter(s)
Jenny Lee, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Shalini Gupta, University of Illinois at Chicago
Bao-Shiang Lee, University of Illinois at Chicago
Increased interest in gold containing compounds for cancer treatment and ambiguity over the mechanisms
of these drugs have spurred the investigation of gold ion and protein interactions by mass spectrometry.
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry detects singly/multiply
charged ions for insulin, myoglobin, carbonic anhydrase, albumin, and Immunoglobulin G, which have
molecular weights ranging from 5700-150000 daltons. Cyanogen bromide, trypsin, and V8 digestions of
proteins revealed that there are loosely bound and tightly bound gold molecules. Furthermore, the
addition of a reducing agent strips the protein of any attached gold, proving that the gold ion-protein
reaction is noncovalent. The number of gold ions attached to the protein increases with the size of the
protein because there are more available binding sites on larger proteins. Higher gold ion concentration
enhances the number of gold molecules attached to the proteins. However, too high of a gold
concentration leads to the degradation and/or aggregation of the protein. Collision-induced disassociation
experiments of the gold-attached peptide ions for insulin show that the binding sites are in the vicinity of
histidine and the basic residue arginine of the ß chain of insulin. Similar findings are also observed in
myoglobin, carbonic anhydrase, albumin, and immunoglobulin G.
39
A03
Mechanism of MYCN Destabilization in Neuroblastoma
Presenter(s)
Nolan Maloney, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Naohiko Ikegaki, University of Illinois at Chicago
Xao Tang, University of Illinois at Chicago
Neuroblastoma is one of the most common pediatric cancers. The outcome of neuroblastoma is highly
dependent on the levels of MYCN present in the cell, a transcription factor encoded by the MYCN protooncogene.
We have identified three compounds (salinomycin, FCCP, and OSU-03012) that rapidly
destabilize MYCN and also lead to growth suppression. Recently, we showed that treatment of
neuroblastoma cells with meta-iodobenzylguanidine and metformins, inhibitors of mitochondrial
respiration, and combinations of these have an additive effect on MYCN and MYC expression. The
mechanism of action we proposed begins with drug-induced inhibition of mitochondrial functions,
leading to production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are known to hydroxylate proline residues,
which are present in high concentration on MYCN. The binding of the Von-Hippel Lindau (VHL) tumor
suppressor protein is known to be oxygen-dependent, and thus we have proposed that degradation of
MYCN occurs due to a protein-protein interaction between MYCN and pVHL. Our data, generated by
Western blot analysis and a pull-down assay suggests that a relationship between MYCN and pVHL
exists. By elucidating the mechanism by which drugs suppress neuroblastoma tumor cell growth, this
work will lay the foundations for developing additional methods of treatment for neuroblastoma.
40
A04
Comparative Analysis of Protein Cargo Selection During Intracellular Trafficking Under Normal
and Heat Stressed Conditions
Presenter(s)
Madhav Mohandas, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Sue Fox, Northwestern University
Richard Morimoto, Northwestern University
Anan Yu, Northwestern University
Recent studies have identified clathrin adaptor (AP) complexes as potential regulators of polyglutamine
protein aggregation in C. elegans. Protein aggregation is one of the hallmarks of neurodegenerative
disorders and leads to the progressive loss of essential cellular functions. The central roles of the AP
complexes are to transport proteins between different cellular compartments and across the plasma
membrane. Here, we investigate whether under a cellular stress condition such as heat stress, the clathrin
AP complex will transport stress-induced protein cargos that may play important roles in regulating stress
responses. In this study we use a glutathione-S-transferase fusion protein pull-down procedure to detect
and identify protein-protein interactions. We use C. elegans as a model organism, and identify interacting
partners of our bait protein, the cargo recruiting mu2 adaptin of clathrin AP 2 complex, using proteins
extracted from normal or heat stressed worms. Through mass spectrometry analysis, we identified four
interacting partners of our bait that only appear under the heat shock condition. These four proteins are
known to play a significant role in the heat shock response. The identification of novel interacting
partners of clathrin AP complexes provides valuable information in understanding the pathways that
govern the heat shock response.
A05
Effects of Modifications to Hsp27 on Viability of Smooth Muscle Cells Under Oxidative Stress
Presenter(s)
Kyle Mou, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jody Martin, Loyola University
Margaret McShane, Loyola University
Heat shock proteins serve to protect cells under stress by facilitating the proper folding of other proteins.
The small heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) protects the cytoskeleton by preventing filamentous actin from
being cleaved to globular actin. We investigated the effects of various modifications to both the Hsp27
protein and its level of expression on cell death in A7r5 smooth muscle cells exposed to hydrogen
peroxide. The cells were treated with phosphorylation-inhibiting drugs and recombinant adenoviruses
expressing Hsp27 in its non-phosphorylatable form. Cell viability was determined by colorimetric assays.
We found that overexpression of Hsp27 increased cell viability significantly, while overexpression of the
non-phosphorylatable form slightly increased cell viability. Our data for the use of phosphorylation
inhibitors was inconclusive. This implies that expression of Hsp27 is protective for our model of
oxidative stress of smooth muscle cells. These results may be useful for treatment of vascular disease
caused by noxious stresses.
41
B01
Incorporating Apoptosis in a Cell Proliferation Simulation Program
Presenter(s)
Eaton Guo, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jie Liang, University of Illinois at Chicago
Hammad Naveed, University of Illinois at Chicago
In my investigation, I have been using Visual Studio to modify a program developed by my SIR advisors
that models the proliferation of epithelial cells. The program does not currently account for the variable of
cell death in its simulations, and my goal is to incorporate it. My methods include researching scientific
articles on apoptosis, and strengthening my background in C through books and online resources. In order
to understand the program better, I have been reviewing it part by part with my advisor. So far through
research and the help of my advisor, I have found a reliable figure for the rate of cell death which I will
later use when adding apoptosis to the program. I have also read through the program's essential methods
and structure, so that when I begin modifying it I will know what kinds of functions and variables to use.
By running the program using four different built-in methods of cell division, I have reached the same
conclusion that the largest-angle division method is the most accurate in comparison to experimental data.
By my current progress, I conclude that I have learned a lot and should be ready to modify the program
soon.
B02
Design and Characterization of Three Dimensional Bioplotted Natural Biopolymer Constructs for
Tissue Engineering Applications
Presenter(s)
Nilesh Kavthekar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Karen Chien, Northwestern University
Ramille Shah, Northwestern University
The enormous global demand for tissue and organ transplants has increased interest in technologies that
can regenerate functional tissues and organs outside the body. This investigation explored one such
technology: scaffolding made with natural biopolymers including soy protein isolate (SPI) and collagen.
In this investigation, optimal parameters to produce porous scaffolds with three-dimensional bioplotting
technology, a type of three-dimensional printing, were established. These parameters were used to
fabricate one-layer scaffold constructs of the two material types and in square and triangle spatial pore
configurations. Surface morphology and construct dimensions were characterized using scanning electron
microscopy. The proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) seeded onto the constructs was
studied qualitatively (using confocal microscopy) and quantitatively (using PicoGreen DNA
quantification assay) over fourteen days. Imaging showed that hMSCs were establishing confluent layers
on the pore surfaces. Both SPI and collagen scaffolds maintained cell viability and induced growth
between seven and fourteen days. On collagen scaffolds, cell growth caused scaffold constriction after
seven days. Although trends have been observed concerning how the pore shape and material type
influence cell proliferation, further experimentation is necessary. This investigation has demonstrated the
feasibility of using SPI and collagen three-dimensional bioplotted constructs for tissue engineering
purposes.
42
B03
Role of the Prefrontal Cortex in Trace Eye-Blink Conditioning
Presenter(s)
Akram Khaja, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Craig Weiss, Northwestern University
The way the brain creates, stores, and retrieves memory is not well understood. Some parts of the brain,
namely the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus, have known functions in memory consolidation, but
the circuitry and importance of each part is still unclear. To help answer the question, neural activity is
recorded from the locations while a rabbit learns a memory task called trace eye-blink conditioning.
Whisker vibrations and air puffs are paired and eventually, the rabbit starts to associate them and blink in
response to the whisker vibrations prior to the air puff. Any trends that are found in the firing rate of
neurons in the different regions are analyzed and taken into consideration along with results of other
studies. In the end, it was found that the hippocampal neurons had elevated firing rates during the start of
training while the prefrontal cortex neurons had low firing rates. After the rabbit learned the task, the
firing rates were switched. This implies that memory is initially coded in the hippocampal region but is
moved to the prefrontal cortex for permanent storage. Knowing the importance of each structure for
memory can help move towards solving memory problems and diseases in the future.
B04
Using the Laser Diode to Determine the Stapedius Reflex
Presenter(s)
Krishna Kudaravalli, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Ajay Pius, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Claus-Peter Richter, Northwestern University
The stapedius reflex, an involuntary muscle contraction of the tensor tympani, occurs as a response to
high intensity sound. By finding the intensity at which this reflex occurs, one can determine the upper
threshold for the comfortable loudness range for ideal hearing. This can be useful in calibrating hearing
devices for individuals. In the past, people have measured this reflex through invasive procedures that use
either electrical or acoustic measuring device, but we want to measure this reflex with a non-invasive
procedure using laser interferometry. This study included measuring the reflex in anesthetized guinea pigs
using both electric and acoustic devices stimulation and comparing it with results of the laser
measurements. It also involved constructing a laser measurement device, consisting of a laser, a laser
diode, and an amplifier. The results show and prove the apparatus in principle. The device is able to
accurately detect the vibrations of some surfaces. By placing our apparatus in the ear and shining the laser
on the tensor tympani, in principle, we can measure the stapedius reflex. Using the laser diode is possible,
but the device has still to be tested on the guinea pig ear prior to testing on humans.
43
B05
Micelle Formulations of Dendron-Based Block Copolymers with Various Surface Groups
Presenter(s)
John Lee, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Seungpyo Hong, University of Illinois at Chicago
Dendron-based block copolymers have attracted much scientific interest due to their ability to merge the
advantages of dendrimers with those of linear-block copolymers. These amphiphilic polymers have the
capacity to form a vast array of self-assembled structures including micelles, vesicles, and cylindrical
structures depending on their structural components. Here were present the self-assembled structures
formed from three types of linear dendron-based copolymers with varied surface charges
(positive/negative/neutral). Using dynamic light scattering, we show that all micelle preparations formed
self-assembled structures less than 100 nm in diameter. Surface charges were quantitatively measured as
zeta potential. Positively charged micelles were found to have the largest hydrodynamic radius and
negatively charged micelles had the smallest measured radius. Micelle formulations that possess a neutral
or negative charge are most promising for uses in further biological studies due to their biocompatibilities.
Surface functionalization of dendron-based micelles offers numerous future opportunities to tailor the
properties of these nanocarrier platforms for targeted drug delivery.
B06
Modeling Spatial Population Dynamics of Stem Cells in Tissue Growth
Presenter(s)
Claire Liang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Youfang Cao, University of Illinois at Chicago
Qing Nie, University of California at Irvine
Understanding cell populations allows insight into control mechanisms of developing mammalian tissues.
Negative feedback loops regulate the cell type populations by maintaining equilibrium on the dynamics of
populations for tissue proliferation control involving stem cells. Previously, spatial information was
neglected, and the feedback controls were unrealistically population based. Our Matlab and C model
expresses the shape, growth, and division of each cell using realistic geometry in which the plane is
controlled by shape and tension forces. Inhibited growth rate, proliferation, and differentiation
probabilities of individual cells are modeled through feedback loops controlled by secretions of
neighboring cells within a proper diffusion radius. The division type is selected by Monte Carlo sampling.
Our model of temporal-spatial population dynamics demonstrates how feedback loops control the growth
of tissues and characterizes cell population dynamics and temporal-spatial relationships of cells within
tissue. Stochastic events of symmetric and asymmetric cell divisions of differentiating cells are in our
growth model as well. Our model shows that with proper strengths of inhibitions to growth and division
types of differentiating cells, the tissue can achieve homeostatic size control. The model can be applied to
issues on tissue development and pattern formation in stem cell and cancer research.
44
B07
Microbial Dynamics in Methane Oxidation for Biochar-Amended Landfill Covers
Presenter(s)
Nishith Reddy, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jean Bogner, University of Illinois at Chicago
Anaerobic degradation in soils accounts for large-scale emissions of landfill gases such as methane. The
association of methane with the greenhouse effect has caused global concern for climate change. Soil
methanotrophs undergo two major processes for methane degradation, the ribulose monophosphate
pathway and the serine pathway, which are implicated in the oxidation and mitigation of methane
emissions. However, limited research exists on the specific characteristics of the microbial activity. This
study used simulated column experiments with varying methanotroph content to analyze the effect of
bacterial growth on methane oxidation. Biochar was used as a mechanism for fostering the additional
microbe proliferation. DNA and RNA analysis in this research found that methanotrophic bacteria show
non-bias molecular activity in methane mitigation and are consistently more active near the soil surface.
This biochar amended soil cover can be used as a methane-mitigating cover in existing landfills.
B08
Effect of Cleaning Methods on Hydrophilicity of Different Thicknesses of TiO2 Layers
Presenter(s)
Nathan Suek, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Christos Takoudis, University of Illinois at Chicago
Failure of implants because of poor integration results in wasted money, time, and a poorer quality of life
for patients. Improving the hydrophilicity of the implant can improve integration of the implant with bone
to prevent failure (osseointegration). This study examines the effects of different cleaning methods on the
contact angle as a measure of hydrophilicity. We compared Ti-II (commercially pure titanium) or Ti-V
(alloy) with a TiO2 layer deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The contact angles were compared
after the following conditions: 1) after wash with deionized water and dried by N2 or air, 2) after
sonication with methanol and dried by N2 or air. It was found that there is no significant difference
between N2 and air drying. Contact angle measurements after ALD for Ti-V with 2 nm coating are also
not significantly lower when compared to 2 nm coated TiO2 coated Ti-II. Contact angle measurements
after ALD for Ti-V with 10 nm coating are significantly lower when compared to Ti-II and Ti-V with 2
nm coating. After finding an optimal method for improving hydrophilicity of the substrate, we hope to
examine infection control methods such as silver nanoparticles, covalently bonded antibiotics, and ZnO
coatings.
45
B09
Visualization of Functional Group Selection in Creating Hypothetical Metal-Organic Frameworks
Presenter(s)
Matthew Tsao, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Randall Snurr, Northwestern University
Chris Wilmer, Northwestern University
Carbon dioxide storage has been a common method in reducing the amount of greenhouse gasses in the
atmosphere. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown promise in storing and retaining carbon
dioxide gas. The permutations of the functional groups that make up these MOFs result in thousands of
possible frameworks. In order to find the most effective framework to store carbon dioxide, the Snurr
research group is writing a computer program that generates hypothetical frameworks and subsequently
tests them for their carbon dioxide retention rates. Contributions from this SIR investigation have been
computer programs that will function as pieces of the research group's final code. These programs include
a visual three-dimensional functional group selection program that allows a user to select the desired
groups for molecular permutation, as well as the generation of dummy variable files to join functional
groups together. These programs will help the Snurr group finish their MOF retention efficiency program
by making the interface more efficient, as entering commands will take significantly less time.
B10
Frequency Detection in Deaf Cats
Presenter(s)
Nathaniel White, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Brent Wu, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Agnella Matic, Northwestern University
Claus-Peter Richter, Northwestern University
In order to distinguish between different sounds, both cats and humans must differentiate their
frequencies. This experiment tests for the frequency equivalent of cochlear implants in the ears of deaf
cats in order to determine if the implants are functional. Electrodes are placed on the cochlea to stimulate
certain frequency regions so that the cat should hear tones of these frequencies. In order to test the
implant, the cat is placed in a feeder system in which various tones are played through a MATLAB
program, but only one tone is the correct one. If the cat hears this correct sound and presses on a lever in
the feeder, a food reward is given to it; otherwise, no reward is given if the lever is pressed for an
incorrect tone. A running MATLAB code that plays different tones and responds to lever presses has been
applied to the feeder system. Experimental data will be provided after test trials. The response of the cat
to the correct tone and the delay time for the response will be analyzed. If the cats are able to distinguish
the correct tone for the majority of the experiment, then the cochlear implants should be functional.
46
C01
Analysis of Colorectal Cancer Risk Factors in E-Cadherin in Diverse Patient Populations
Presenter(s)
Soham Ali, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Nathan Ellis, University of Illinois at Chicago
Archana Krish, University of Illinois at Chicago
The overall goal of this project is to identify and characterize genetic risk factors that confer susceptibility
to colorectal cancer (CRC). Of all the American ethnic groups, African Americans have the highest risk
of CRC. In genome-wide association students of Caucasians, genetic associations between two single
nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs9929218 and rs1862748, in a genomic region that contains
CDH1were identified in CRC (Houlston et al., 2007). These two SNPs were not associated with CRC in a
study of two African American CRC groups (Kupfer et al., 2010). To find out the SNP's related to
Americans of African descent, I have analyzed the CDH1 region of genomes of sixty-four samples of that
ethnic group from Chicago, and found about 851 different single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CDH1
region, while there are around 689 distinct SNPs in the 246 African cases found in three populations on
1000 Genomes online database. Using fixation index (Fst) comparisons, the variance between SNPs of
the three 1000 Genome populations and the sample from Chicago were analyzed. The resulting value will
indicate the strength of the similarities between the four data sets. Then, using linkage disequilibrium
(LD) analysis, the sets will be compared to identify the shared SNPs. Significant variation in Fst and LD
when comparing Chicago African Americans with other populations of African descent might indicate
important differences in the structure between these populations, which could influence the SNPs related
with disease.
C02
The Effects of Plyometric Strength Training on Running Economy
Presenter(s)
Lydia Auch, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Christine Darabaris, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Steven Sadowsky, Northwestern University
Running economy (RE) is the efficiency with which athletes use the oxygen they take in when running at
a given speed. This topic is of increasing value to athletes because of its strong association with distance
running performance. Based on random assignment to control and intervention groups, subjects
performed two sub-maximal exercise tests six weeks apart using the first three stages of the Bruce
sequence. During the intervening period, members of the control group maintained their normal training
schedule (at least twenty miles running per week), and the intervention group completed a plyometric
training regime in addition to the normal training schedule. All subjects are currently completing their
training programs. After retesting, data will be analyzed to calculate an initial RE value and an ending RE
value. Subsequently, two tailed t-tests will be performed to determine if statistically significant
differences exist between the groups. The investigators anticipate obtaining a better understanding of the
factors affecting RE and how those might be employed to improve athletes' running performances.
47
C03
Regulation and Role of Regulator of G-protein Signaling-1 in Celiac Disease Pathogenesis
Presenter(s)
Yiyun Cao, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Cezary Ciszewski, University of Chicago
Bana Jabri, University of Chicago
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by oversensitivity to gluten. A recent
genome-wide association study has linked regulator of G-protein signaling-1 (RGS1) to CD, and single
nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which collectively represent either a celiac susceptibility or protective
haplotype have been identified. This investigation focused on how these SNPs affect RGS1 expression at
the promoter, transcriptional, and translational levels in response to interferon- α (IFN-α), interferon-β, or
interleukin-15, which are highly expressed in CD. The functional significance of RGS1 was also studied
in lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity assays. At the promoter level IFN-β significantly upregulated
expression in the protective SNP, but not in the susceptibility SNP. IFN-β also increased transcriptional
and translational levels of RGS1. In cytotoxicity assays, IFN-β increased cytotoxicity, likely through
upregulation of RGS1. These results suggest a new framework for the role of RGS1 in CD pathogenesis.
Although it increases cytotoxicity, higher levels of expression in the protective SNP imply that RGS1 has
beneficial effects, potentially through prevention of viral infections which can trigger CD or by reduction
of autoantibody production.
C04
Bacterial Species Identification Using Polymerase Chain Reaction
Presenter(s)
Francis Cocjin, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Egle Malinauskaite, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Donald Dosch, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Bacterial identification on a genomic level has been shown to be more accurate than common
physiological methods. This investigation focused on developing a protocol that can be used to identify
bacteria based on their DNA sequence. Small ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes were studied for their
frequency and sequence heterogeneity between species. A DNA extraction protocol was optimized with
the use of lysozyme to account for cell wall differences. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol was
optimized with an annealing temperature of 62oC to account for the unique sequence of the primers used.
The application of restriction endonucleases to the PCR products showed differences between Gram
positive and Gram negative bacterial strains, however, the technique was limited by its inability to
accurately identify all species. These results can be used to overcome technique limitations and test the
bacteria in the future through DNA sequencing to identify them more effectively.
48
C05
Hypoxia and Starvation Promote Autophagy as a Survival Mechanism
Presenter(s)
Shelby Daniel-Wayman, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Laura Dada, Northwestern University
Markus Queisser, Northwestern University
Cells undergoing periods of nutrient and/or oxygen deprivation (hypoxia) activate autophagy in order to
break down unnecessary or damaged proteins and organelles and reuse their parts. AMP kinase (AMPK)
recognizes fluctuations in the ATP levels and is activated by phosphorylation during periods of low
energy. When phosphorylated, it causes the formation of autophagosomes around aggregates of misfolded
proteins. The p62 protein creates these aggregates by attaching to proteins marked for degradation and
then attaching to other p62 molecules. Bcl-2 and nineteen-kilodalton interacting protein-3 (BNIP3) also
acts downstream of AMPK to upregulate autophagy. In this study, we aimed to determine the molecular
mechanism involved in hypoxia-induced autophagy in lung epithelial cells. We exposed lung epithelial
(A549) cells to normoxia (21%O2) and hypoxia (1.5% O2) in the absence of nutrients for up to 24 hours
and assessed the expression of AMPK, BNIP3, and p62 by Western blot. AMPK exhibited a biphasic
activation, while BNIP3 steadily increased and p62 significantly decreased from 0 to 24 hours. Cells
exposed to hypoxia in the absence of nutrients showed increased formation of autophagosomes as
assessed by p62 immunoflourescence. These data suggest that in lung epithelial cells hypoxia causes
autophagy mediated by activation of AMPK leading to increased BNIP3 and the formation of p62
containing autosomes.
49
C06
Characterizing Tolerance in Pediatric Food Allergy
Presenter(s)
Sonya Dave, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Andrew Ta, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Aaditya Tolappa, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Ashley Dyer, Northwestern University
Ruchi Gupta, Northwestern University
Previous studies have estimated rates of tolerance to various food allergens, but they have focused on
single allergens and have analyzed relatively small sample populations; few have investigated potential
associations between demographic factors and tolerance development. This study aimed to report rates for
the development of tolerance to various food allergens, and to identify contributing factors for
development of tolerance during childhood. A cross-sectional, population-based survey was distributed
for nine months starting in June 2009 to a sample representative of U.S. households with children.
Logistic regression models of collected data examined tolerance development in comparison to child and
household characteristics, as well as to food allergy severity and symptoms. Preliminary analyses
revealed associations between the development of tolerance and individual factors such as race, gender,
and symptoms associated with food allergy. Observed rates of tolerance by age ten were 45% for milk,
55% for egg, 19% for peanuts, and 13% for shellfish. Further findings may provide insight into possible
predictors for food allergy tolerance. Future studies should implement longitudinal observational
measures to gain a more accurate understanding of when and how children develop tolerance, and to
directly compare tolerance development of different allergens.
50
C07
Dimethylfumurate Inhibits Tumor Growth Factor-Beta-Induced Myofibroblast Differentiation in
Dermal Fibroblasts via the Nrf2 Pathway
Presenter(s)
Sruthi Doniparthi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
John Varga, Northwestern University
Jun Wei, Northwestern University
Studies suggest that the signal molecule transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) induces fibroblast
activation and myofibroblast differentiation, which can cause fibrosis. Previous studies show that nuclear
factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor which plays an important role in antioxidative
responses and detoxification, abrogates TGF-β-induced fibroblast activation and myofibroblast
differentiation. Dimethylfumurate (DMF) is the active agent in BG-12, a drug which currently treats
multiple sclerosis by activating Nrf2. To test whether DMF can suppress TGF-β-induced myofibroblast
differentiation, dermal fibroblasts were cultured in the presence and absence of DMF and TGF-β for 48
hours. Immunofluoresence showed that DMF suppressed TGF-β-induced collagen synthesis. Real-time
qPCR and Western blots compared myofibroblast marker expression at the mRNA and protein level,
respectively. DMF suppresses TGF-β-induced collagen by approximately 48% and reduces α-smooth
muscle actin by approximately 52% at the mRNA level. Results also suggest that at the protein level,
DMF stimulates Nrf2. Luciferase shows that an increase in Nrf2 transcriptional activity in fibroblasts in
the presence of DMF. Therefore, DMF inhibits TGF-β-induced fibroblast activation and myofibroblast
differentiation dependent of the Nrf2 pathway. This may lead to a potential treatment for fibrotic diseases,
such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and systemic sclerosis.
51
C08
CDDO Inhibits TGF-Beta-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in A549 Lung Epithelial
Cells via the PI3K/AKT Pathway
Presenter(s)
Sruthi Doniparthi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
John Varga, Northwestern University
Jun Wei, Northwestern University
Studies suggest that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition
(EMT), a process in which epithelial cells trans-differentiate and proliferate into mesenchymal cells such
as fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, factors of pulmonary fibrosis. TGF-β regulates collagen and connective
tissue transcription via the Smad-dependent and independent pathways. The compound 2-cyano-3,12-
dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO) has been shown to be an anti-inflammatory and anticancerous
drug and has potential to also be an anti-fibrosis drug. The effect of CDDO on TGF-β-induced
EMT was measured by culturing A549 lung epithelial cells in the presence and absence of CDDO and
TGF-β for 48 h. Real-time qPCR and Western blots compared epithelial and mesenchymal marker
expression at the mRNA and protein level, respectively. Cell migration and immunofluorescence showed
change in cell motility and morphology, respectively. Results suggest that CDDO suppresses TGF-β-
induced EMT. Luciferase was used to test Smad activity in cells; however, no significant difference was
found in cells cultured in the presence of CDDO. Western blot results showed that CDDO inhibits TGF-
β-induced PI3K, a TGF-β-induced Smad-independent pathway. Therefore, CDDO inhibits TGF-β's
effects on epithelial and mesenchymal expression, motility, and morphology, independent of Smad, by
blocking the PI3K/AKT pathway. This may lead to a potential therapeutic treatment for pulmonary
fibrosis.
52
C09
The Effect of Poly I:C on Transforming Growth Factor-β-Induced Fibrotic Responses
Presenter(s)
Nicholas Fung, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Feng Fang, Northwestern University
John Varga, Northwestern University
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) serve to mediate the initial immune response to antigenic ligands and
endogenous cell signaling. Past studies have shown that abnormal TLR signaling plays an important role
in chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. However, not much is known about its contributions to
fibrotic development. In pursuit of further understanding of TLRs’, specifically TLR3’s, role in fibrosis,
skin tissue was treated with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), a synthetic double-stranded RNA
that acts as a TLR3 ligand, on a dose and time-dependent basis. Poly I:C inhibited the expression of type I
collagen and alpha smooth muscle actin genes in the human fibroblasts by real time-PCR and Western
blot assays, while promoting the synthesis of interferon β molecules. When similar tests were run on
transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) activated fibroblasts, the administration of poly I:C drastically
reduced fibrotic signaling. This, coupled with previous microarray analyses, suggests that poly I:C
attenuates TGF-β-induced profibrotic signaling. These results provide a hopeful sign that poly I:C may be
an effective anti-fibrotic candidate for the patients with abnormal TLR3 expression.
C10
Functional Central Polypurine Tract Provides Downstream Protection of HIV-1 Genome from
Editing by APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F
Presenter(s)
Beatrice Go, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Eun-Young Kim, Northwestern University
The human apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing, enzyme-catalytic, polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3) catalyzes
the G to A mutation. When viral infectivity factor (Vif) is present, APOBEC3 undergoes proteasomalmediated
degradation. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) utilizes the central polypurine tract
(cPPT) for reverse transcription. In this study, we measured the level of protection of the cPPT in HIV-1
through its effectiveness in preventing the editing by APOBEC3. We analyzed the wild type (HIV-1VH12)
and vif deficient mutants (HIV-1VH17) with and without functional cPPT and APOBEC3G/F by using
PCR, cloning, and sequencing. The electropherogram of HIV-1VH12 sequencing showed significant
similarity to the reference HIV-1HXB2. The HIV-1VH17 transfected with APOBEC3G/F showed G to A
hypermutation in the viral DNA. In HIV-1VH12 with functional cPPT, the cDNA replication continued
with little to no mutations from APOBEC3 editing. The HIV-1VH17 that carried nonfunctional cPPT under
the presence of APOBEC3 showed disruption of the central DNA flap, causing the reduction of cDNA
extension and interruption of HIV-1 replication. This study shows how viruses escape from the host
defenses. Understanding of the host and virus defense mechanisms creates insight of effective strategies
to cure HIV/AIDS.
53
C11
HOXA10 Regulates Transcription of Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 in Myeloid Cells
Presenter(s)
Ashima Gupta, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Elizabeth Eklund, Northwestern University
Chirag Shah, Northwestern University
HOXA10 is a member of a family of transcription factors that are involved in definitive hematopoiesis
and implicated in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). During normal hematopoiesis,
HOXA10 facilitates myeloid cell expansion and impedes differentiation of the same subset. To better
understand the molecular mechanisms that control these events, our research mainly focuses to identify
and characterize HOXA10 target genes. FGF2 was identified as one of the target genes for HOXA10, and
we validated this by subcloning 2kb fragment from the 5` promoter of FGF2 in pGL3 basic vector. Using
this construct, we performed a series of transfection studies in combination with and without HOXA10
cloned in pcDNAmp. Post transfection, the cells were cultured in the lab and harvested to perform
luciferase and β-galactosidase enzyme assay. Our data suggests that HOXA10 transcriptionally activates
FGF2 in myeloid progenitor cells and differentiation phagocytes in the U937 cell line. This activation of
FGF2 may be the cause of improved cell proliferation and increased hypersensitivity to cytokines as
observed in a subset of targeted AML patients with leukemogenesis. Therapeutic targeting of FGF2-
stimulated signaling pathways might be a rational approach to the poor prognosis subset of AML
leukemogenesis.
C12
A Correlation Between Anticipatory Behaviors and Feeding Times in Captive Animals
Presenter(s)
Katherine Havighorst, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Brooke Kottkamp, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Debra Kutska, Brookfield Zoo
Jason Watters, Brookfield Zoo
Mexican Grey Wolves (Canis lupus baileyi) and Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus) are both endangered
native North American predators. We created a study to assess the behaviors of these animals in
comparison to their daily feeding schedules. We observed two bear individuals and a pack of eight
wolves, paying specific attention to behaviors such as pacing and waiting by their enclosure door. In over
thirteen periods of one hour and sixteen minutes, we observed each species in our study. Then we
recorded these behaviors in conjunction with species-specific ethograms. Subsequently we found a direct
correlation between animal behaviors and keeper interactions. The same was true between behavior and
time of day. The juvenile polar bear was anticipatory of the keeper's schedule, causing him to pace and
wait at the door in accordance with the time of day. The wolves became more alert when their keepers
were nearby, and howled at the end of the day when the keepers began preparing their food. Awareness of
these captivity-induced behaviors will help the keepers improve both the animal's condition and guest
experience.
54
C13
Action of Estrogen on Tumorigenic and Non-Tumorigenic Rat Prostate Epithelial Progenitor Cells
Presenter(s)
Dorcas Huang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Dan-Ping (Grace) Hu, University of Illinois at Chicago
Wen-Yang Hu, University of Illinois at Chicago
Gail Prins, University of Illinois at Chicago
Early exposure to estrogen of the prostate gland with resultant disposition to carcinogenesis with aging
may permanently affect gene expression. In this experiment, two-dimensional and three-dimensional
cultures of normal rat prostate cells (NRP152) and tumorigenic rat prostate cells (NRP154) were treated
with concentrations of estradiol (E2) between 1nM and 100 nM. Afterwards, the cells were passaged and
the size and number of prostaspheres from the three-dimensional cultures were obtained, or polymerase
chain reaction (PCR) was run on extracted RNA. Results have shown that concentrations of 1nM E2 and
10 nM E2 significantly increased the number of prostaspheres grown from NRP154 as well as the number
of spheres over a size of 80 μM. However, concentrations over 100 nM E2 had an opposite effect and
reduced the number of prostaspheres. Results from PCR support the cell counting results, as the
expression of estrogen receptor beta was higher in the NRP154 culture than the NRP152 culture. These
results suggested that E2 can increase the stem cell population of NRP154, potentially increasing selfrenewal
and amplification or initiating self-renewal. The data also shows that E2 plays a role in affecting
gene expression in NRP154 than in NRP152.
C14
Biological Properties of Cancer Cells Through Soft Agar Cloning
Presenter(s)
Jennifer Huang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Melissa Kim, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Kim Elseth, University of Illinois at Chicago
James Radosevich, University of Illinois at Chicago
Benjamin Vesper, University of Illinois at Chicago
Cancerous cells growing in high concentrations of nitric oxide are generally more resistant to treatment
than cancerous cells growing in low concentrations. Soft agar cloning is one method that can be used to
determine the biological properties of cancerous cells. One property that sparks a lot of controversy is the
formation of big versus small colonies, where it is often argued that small colonies are not viable. Plates
of soft agar were made with a 1.2% agarose solution, and A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma) cell lines
were spread onto these and incubated. In addition, crystal violet dye was added to one set of plates and
the compound 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) was added to another
set to compare the number of viable colonies. The MTT assay showed that the small colonies were indeed
viable. From this, we constructed a standard curve of cells plated versus number of colonies counted after
a week of incubation. Data between parental cell lines and high nitric oxide cell lines were compared, as
well as the data between small and big colonies. The results support previous findings that tumor cells
grow more robustly in high levels of nitric oxide.
55
C15
The Effect of the Modified Base m6A on the Splicing of a Pre-mRNA Transcript
Presenter(s)
Jimmy Huang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Joseph Piccirilli, University of Chicago
Although scientists have discovered important information concerning N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the
general function of the modified base has not yet been revealed. Based on previous research, we believe,
however, that m6A affects where a pre-mRNA transcript splices. Splicing is the process that occurs after
transcription during protein synthesis where the noncoding segments of the RNA, introns, are removed
and the coding segments, exons, are joined so that each piece of the RNA translates into an amino acid for
the protein. We needed to synthesize a strand of RNA with the m6A located at the branch point on one of
the introns. The branch point helps determine where the splicing occurs within the RNA. After creating
the 3' piece, the 5' piece, and the oligo, we ligated them together, and then planned on splicing the RNA
that we had. We were unable to reach this step or determine the overall function of m6A because the 3'
piece that we synthesized never ligated correctly to the RNA. Because of this, we were unable to continue
with our experiment or determine the effect of m6A on splicing, because most of the information we
gathered gave very little reliable information because our template was incorrectly constructed.
56
C16
Leaf Variation in Agathis robusta as an Indicator of Forest Structure for Fossil Plants
Presenter(s)
Seneca Hutson, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Amanda Magyar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Kevin Boyce, University of Chicago
In the determination of prehistoric climates, knowing the global distribution of different vegetation types
can be useful for understanding the climates of deep geological history that may be important for
understanding future climate change. However, leaves are often the only fossils available to inform those
environmental reconstructions. In this study, variables of leaf structure including length, width, vein
density, and area that may be informative of plant size and type were examined from a single large tree of
the broad-leaved conifer Agathis robusta using scanned images and the image processing program
ImageJ. When leaves from the bottom of the canopy are compared to those of branch falls (representing
discrete micro-environments higher in the canopy), variance is about equal, but the actual values for vein
density and leaf size are significantly different. For example, mean lengths of 116 mm were found at the
bottom of the canopy and 77.5 mm in branches higher in the canopy. These results compare well to
previous measurements in more natural Agathis forests and to expectations regarding how leaves should
vary due to hydraulic demands across different plant sizes; thus, suggesting variance in leaf
characteristics should help distinguish vegetation types from fossils.
C17
Efficiency of Magnetic Bead and Gel Insert Preparation in Vector Cloning
Presenter(s)
Tejas Joshi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
David Boone, University of Chicago
Vectors are of enormous importance for scientists due to their major roles in the preparation and
duplication of genes and proteins. Hence, it is useful to find the most efficient and accurate method of
preparation of these vectors. Samples of a gene that codes for enhanced green fluorescent protein with
puromycin resistance have been prepared to compare vectors prepared with gel and magnetic bead insert
purification. This vector has been transformed into E. coli and those colonies have been imaged to verify
the expression of the target fluorescent protein. Magnetic bead purification produces more DNA but is
nonspecific. It picks up all DNA in the sample, in addition to the DNA you want to amplify. Gel
purification of the insert vector allows more control over the DNA amplified and is more efficient for
samples that leave more than one band after electrophoresis. In general, gel bead purification appears to
be more cost-effective and time-effective for common laboratory procedures.
57
C18
Loss of miR-145 in Colon Cancer Upregulates Direct Target ADAM17
Presenter(s)
Kaylee Karumanchi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Bruce Bissonnette, University of Chicago
Reba Mustafi, University of Chicago
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate or inhibit the translation of target messenger RNA. They regulate target
genes through base pairing between the seed sequence of the miRNA and a complementary sequence in
the target mRNA that is often in the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of the transcript. In many cancers,
miR-145 is downregulated, so we predicted that targets of miR-145 will be upregulated because of loss of
miR-145 inhibition. We found that ADAM17, an enzyme responsible for cleaving proligands for the
epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a predicted target of miR-145. Loss of miR-145 is predicted
to lead to increased expression of ADAM17, releasing more EGFR ligands. This increase in EGFR
signals is important in cancer development. We hypothesized that ADAM17 is a direct target of miR-145.
We examined the effect of miR-145 on expression using a luciferase reporter. A eukaryotic expression
vector coding for luciferase containing ADAM17 wild type or mutant 3'UTR was transfected into
HCT116 colon cancer cells and miR-145 was also cotransfected. The mutant 3'UTR did not show the
predicted miR-145-ADAM17 interaction, however, we observed that miR-145 decreased luciferase
expression in cells transfected with wild-type ADAM17 3'UTR. Our studies thus demonstrated that
ADAM17 is a direct target of miR-145.
C19
The Effects of Iodine on the Ghost Shrimp Palaemonetes kadiakensis
Presenter(s)
Jiwon Kim, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Vicki Burgholzer
Palaemonetes kadiakensis, known as the ghost shrimp, is a common addition to the household aquarium.
Unfortunately, this invertebrate dies easily, and for unknown reasons, the addition of iodine in the tank
seems to increase the shrimp's lifespan. In this investigation, the effects of potassium iodide (KI) on ghost
shrimp longevity were studied, especially during their molting process. Ghost shrimp were placed in four
tanks, two of which were controls (one with fish, and one without), and two of which had concentrations
of 0.5 ppm and 0.05 ppm of KI. Two groups of shrimp were tested. The first group, tested for about four
to eight weeks, had eight shrimp in each tank when none of the tanks had KI. However, the
overabundance of macroalgae killed the shrimp in the last three weeks. The macroalgae problem
disappeared after several water changes. The second group of shrimp, with three shrimp in each tank and
the appropriate concentrations of KI added, has been observed for three weeks and all the shrimp from
this group are still alive. The results so far show that while the fish and the iodine may not affect the
shrimp, macroalgae may.
58
C20
The Effects of Cholesterol Level Manipulations in Model Lipid Bilayers
Presenter(s)
Hannah Koo, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Adam Hammond, University of Chicago
Various studies have found that the presence of cholesterol in the cell membrane is essential for the
phosphorylation of the FcεRI receptor, the trigger for the signaling cascade of the allergic reaction. We
hypothesize that cholesterol's necessity results from its ability to drastically alter the lipid phases of the
bilayer, and therefore affect the membrane's physical properties. To test this hypothesis, we studied the
effects of altering the concentrations of the three lipids in our model membranes: sphingomyelin,
dioleoylphosphatiolylcholine, and cholesterol. Each sample also contained small amounts of DiI and DiO,
two fluorescent dyes whose natural affinity to different lipid phases illustrates the membrane phase
composition. These samples were then analyzed using a fluorometer and OceanOptic's SpectraSuite.
Utilizing graphs of light intensity versus wavelength, we calculated the ratio between the fluorescence
peak and the amount of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) for each sample, giving us a
measurement of the lipid phases present in that mixture. The samples we created, in general, showed our
hypothesized trend: as cholesterol levels increased, the ratio between the fluorescence peaks and the
FRET peaks also increased. This signifies that cholesterol levels do play a crucial role in the phase
behavior of membranes.
C21
The Effect of the Enteric Biome on Lysosomal Hydrolase Activity
Presenter(s)
Dipen Kumar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Glyn Dawson, University of Chicago
Lysosomes digest complex molecules and are present in all animal cells. Based on previous work, feeding
20% ethanol to mice changed the lysosomal activity. Therefore, we questioned whether there were
environmental factors involved, for example, bacteria in our gut that modified the activity of these
enzymes. We used protein assays on B-hexosaminidase (B-hex) and acid sphingomyleniase (ASMase)
and found that there is decreased activity in the liver and brain in mice with an ethanol diet. We also
observed that liver from the germ-free mice had even less hydrolase activity. To find out why, we used
reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blotting to measure amount of B-Hex and ASMase.
The RT-PCR showed that the gene for ASMase was expressed normally in the brain and we will show the
relationship between germ-free in liver and in the Western blot. We will report the results of the protein
activity in germ-free mice. We will report how the enteric biome affects gene expression of human
lysosomal hydrolases.
59
C22
Investigation of the Expression Pattern of Thioredoxin Domain Containing 9 in Developing
Zebrafish
Presenter(s)
Vignessh Kumar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Eric Schroeter, Loyola University
Thioredoxin domain containing 9 (TXNDC9) is a protein that is expressed in zebrafish 24 hours post
fertilization. It is hypothesized that this protein may act in several locations in the zebrafish embryo,
including in the nervous system and in the retina. In order to determine the location of the protein, we
used zebrafish with the roy/roy mutation. This mutation eliminates pigments from the embryo so that we
are able to observe the fluorescence inside. The embryos are stained using immunohistochemistry, and are
viewed under a confocal microscope. The results show that the TXNDC9 protein is localized in the
central nervous system, retina, and skin. In addition, it is associated with microtubules within the cell. The
fact that the TXNDC9 protein is a microtubule-associated protein and is expressed in the skin and nervous
tissue suggest that it may play a role in differentiating ectodermal tissue during the growth of the embryo.
Knockout gene tests must be conducted to verify this conclusion. Further tests must be run to verify the
results.
C23
The Role of SGK1 in Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in Endometriotic Cells
Presenter(s)
Shannon Kurian, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Monica Patel, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Serdar Bulun, Northwestern University
Diana Monsivais, Northwestern University
Endometriosis, an inflammatory disease, occurs when endometrial-like tissue attaches outside the uterine
cavity. In endometriosis, increased estrogen levels act via estrogen receptor β (ERβ) to regulate the
transcription of the serum and glucocorticoid regulated kinase-1 (SGK1) gene. Using Western blot
experiments, we determined the effect of SGK1 on cell proliferation and apoptosis, the regulation of
SGK1 by β-estradiol (E2), and the relationship between ERβ silencing and SGK1 expression. We probed
for the apoptosis marker, poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), and cell proliferation marker,
proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The increase of PCNA and decrease of PARP during gene
expression indicate that SGK1 affects endometriotic cell proliferation. We also treated endometriotic cells
with E2 and found that the protein and mRNA levels of SGK1 increased, showing that the expression of
this gene depends on estrogen. Finally, to prove the effect of ERβ on SGK1 expression, we silenced ERβ
and found that target gene expression decreased. This shows that ERβ affects SGK1 expression. Our
results further characterize altered gene expression in endometriosis, specifically the effects of estrogen
on SGK1 expression.
60
C24
An Examination of Nutritional Stress in a Nineteenth Century Skeletal Population From Peoria,
Illinois
Presenter(s)
Sarah Lisk, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Anne Grauer, Loyola University
Human skeletal analysis may provide insight into health and disease of past populations. One health issue
is the lack of adequate nourishment, which can interrupt the natural growth processes of the body. For this
study, data on eighty-five skeletons from a nineteenth century cemetery in Peoria, Illinois were collected
to reconstruct stature and the presence of growth disruption on teeth, known as enamel hypoplasia (EH).
It was postulated that shorter stature would be associated with the presence of enamel hypoplasia. Stature
was determined using Trotter and Gleser's (1952) calculations. The presence of EH was detected
macroscopically and noted if linear striations or pits were present on the tooth cusp. The results indicate
that thirty-seven of sixty-six individuals with recovered teeth display enamel hypoplasia in this
population. Within the population, the mean stature of females without EH was 154.05 centimeters, while
females with EH had a mean height of 152.89 centimeters. The mean stature of males without EH was
177.15 centimeters. Males with EH had a mean height of 167.29 centimeters. Statistical evaluation
indicated that the difference in the means was not significant. Multiple interpretations of these findings
are offered and the data are compared to similar Illinois populations.
C25
Characterizing the Ideal Antibody Isotype Distribution Against Influenza
Presenter(s)
Christine Liu, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Patrick Wilson, University of Chicago
Regarding vaccines, different antibodies will protect different areas of the body. Research can apply such
knowledge by giving vaccines through diverse routes to stimulate production of multiple isotopes of
antibodies. In this experiment, the neutralization ability of antibodies expressed as IgA molecules were
tested to determine if multiple classes of antibodies would be more effective than just one. To test this
hypothesis, the genes that previously expressed IgG were changed to express IgA instead and tested for
both binding to influenza hemagglutinin and neutralization capacity. To change the V region of the IgA
vector, a restriction site was introduced on the IgA side. After designing the vector, the PCR product of a
flu antibody gene was cloned and inserted into IgA as well. Also, the IgA vector has been assayed to
show that it can express IgA antibodies. Then the PCR product insert and vector were ligated and
transformed. To finish the experiment, the effectiveness of the IgA vector to IgG and IgM vectors needs
to be compared.
61
C26
The Effects of HSP70 Antibodies in an Anti-Tumor Response
Presenter(s)
Sirisha Manam, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Caroline Le Poole, Loyola University
Jeffrey Mosenson, Loyola University
Inducible heat shock protein 70 (HSP70i) is a chaperone that folds proteins within a cell, is used as an
adjuvant for anti-melanoma vaccines, and supports the induction of vitiligo. Previous experiments show
that vaccinating mice with mutant HSP70i (HSP70iQ435A) DNA prevents vitiligo and produces antibodies
towards HSP70i. Melanoma overexpresses surface HSP70i, which may act as a target. We hypothesized
that mice vaccinated with mutant HSP70iQ435A and wild type HSP70i would produce antibodies to the
region of HSP70i found on melanoma cells. To identify this region, I ran Western blots using sera from
mice vaccinated with wild type, mutant HSP70iQ435A, or empty vector DNA to stain full length,
HSP70iQ435A wild type HSP70i, or HSP70i protein fragments. Before using mouse sera, I used
commercial antibodies SPA-810 and SPA-811 to verify that COS7 cells transfected with DNA encoding
HSP70i1-377, HSP70i320-641, and HSP70i261-551 expressed the desired segments. Results indicate that mice
vaccinated with HSP70iQ435A and wild type HSP70i produce antibodies towards the extracellular Cterminus
of HSP70i downstream of the dendritic cell-activating region. Next, we will determine whether
antibodies from these mice bind melanoma via flow cytometry, and whether they induce cytotoxicity in
vitro. Results of this experiment could aid the development of melanoma vaccines.
C27
Heat Shock Protein 70 Regulates Interleukin 10 Producing Regulatory T Cells
Presenter(s)
Anuj Marathe, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Eugene Chang, University of Chicago
Yunwei Wang, University of Chicago
Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is known for its regulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin
10 (IL-10). Interestingly, regulatory T-cells (T-reg) that produce IL-10 have been shown to assist in
protecting the colonic epithelium against inflammatory damage. This study aimed to examine the effect
that Hsp70 would have on IL-10 producing T-reg cell populations. Five wildtype and five Hsp70
knockout (KO) mice were used and each was induced with severe bowel inflammation using dextran
sodium sulfate (DSS). After five days of treatment, tissue samples from the colon and mesenteric lymph
nodes were collected for histology tissue staining, cytokine analysis, and flow cytometry was performed
for T-reg cell detection. It was found that Hsp70 KO mice were more susceptible to inflammatory damage
and that they exhibited a pro-inflammatory colonic environment from elevated levels of IL-6 and
decreased levels of IL-10. Flow cytometry revealed that the number of IL-10 producing T-reg cells
decreased significantly. This data showed that Hsp70 most likely plays a contributory role in the
regulation of IL-10 producing T-reg cells. These findings may indicate a new treatment option for
inflammatory bowel disease that involves the upregulation of Hsp70 to reestablish homeostatic
conditions.
62
C28
The Role of RBP2 in MCF-7 Cancer Cell Drug Resistance
Presenter(s)
Aalap Mehta, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Elizaveta Benevolenskaya, University of Illinois at Chicago
A major problem in cancer chemotherapy is drug resistance, which is enabled by multidrug resistance
(MDR) genes and DNA damage response genes. The expression of MDR and DNA damage response
genes can be altered through epigenetic mechanisms by the knockdown of the histone demethylase
retinoblastoma binding protein 2 (RBP2). In order to investigate the role of RBP2 in the regulation of
these genes, mRNA was extracted from MCF-7 cells both treated and untreated with cisplatin and with
and without RBP2 knockdown. Through reverse transcription of mRNA, cDNA was formed and mixed
with SYBR Green and cDNA primers for use in reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain
reaction (RT-qPCR) assays. The results of these assays comparatively showed the gene expression of
primer groups with fully functional RBP2 and with RBP2 knockdown. After RT-qPCR assays had been
performed, it was found that MDR genes tended to be downregulated in cells with RBP2 knockdown
while DNA damage response genes tended to be upregulated in cells with RBP2 knockdown. Specific
highly differentially expressed genes were also identified.
C29
Transcriptional Regulation by Retinoblastoma Binding Protein 2
Presenter(s)
Aalap Mehta, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Elizaveta Benevolenskaya, University of Illinois at Chicago
Retinoblastoma binding protein 2 (RBP2) is a histone demethylase protein which can remove methyl
groups off lysine 4 of histone H3. Through epigenetic mechanisms, or those which deal with the change
in the structure of the chromatin, the protein can alter the expression of various genes. During the
investigation, transcriptional coregulation by RBP2 and the DREAM protein complex, which is
assembled by E2F4, was studied. Data was obtained from reverse transcription quantitative polymerase
chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assays which showed the gene expression levels of NUSAP1 and OIP5, which
are nearby each other on the genome. The types of cells used in the assays were those with no
knockdown, those having E2F4 knockdown, those having RBP2 knockdown, and those having both E2F4
and RBP2 knockdown. The results showed that when E2F4 and RBP2 were individually knocked down,
NUSAP1 and OIP5 were overexpressed. Furthermore, when both E2F4 and RBP2 were knocked down,
there was even greater overexpression of NUSAP1 and OIP5. The data suggested the proteins have
different mechanisms for regulating either NUSAP1 or OIP5. The knowledge gained from this
investigation could be useful in determining how to manipulate the presence of RBP2 in order to treat
cancer.
63
C30
Frequency of Periosteal Reactions in a Nineteenth Century Skeletal Population From Peoria,
Illinois
Presenter(s)
Vamsikrishna Naidu, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Anne Grauer, Loyola University
Periosteal reaction is the formation of new bone in the periosteum caused by infection or inflammation.
Excavation of eighty-five bodies from a mid-eighteenth century cemetery in Peoria, Illinois provided an
opportunity to study their remains. The goal of this investigation was to determine the frequency of
periosteal reactions within the Peoria population. Location and frequency of the reactions were tallied and
recorded. Results showed that twenty-six of eighty-five bodies had reactions present. The reactions were
limited to the long bones of the arm, leg, ribs, and the upper portion of the skull, as well as the jaw, with
the tibia being the most commonly affected anatomical element. Frequency of the reactions was similar.
However, frequency in the tibia was much higher. When compared to other populations, the rate of
periosteal reactions in the Peoria cemetery was high. Explanations for these differences in data are
explored.
C31
The Glycobiology of Prostate Cancer
Presenter(s)
Areen Pitaktong, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Roger Kroes, Northwestern University
Joseph Moskal, Northwestern University
Mary Schmidt, Northwestern University
The surfaces of cells are covered with chains of carbohydrates known as glycoconjugates, which dictate
cell:cell interactions such as communication and adhesion. Aberrant glycoconjugate expression is a
hallmark of virtually all tumor cells. Previous studies have shown that altering glycoconjugate expression
in cancer cells by modulating the expression of the glycogenes that control their synthesis and
degradation significantly affects malignancy. The hypothesis that a similar relationship exists between
glycogene expression and the metastatic potential of prostate cancer cells was tested. In this study,
analysis of differential glycogene expression in prostate cancer cell lines of varying metastatic potential
(BPH1, RWPE-1, PC3-S, PC-3NI, PC-3M, PC-3MPro4, PC-3MLN4, DU145, and LNCaP) was
undertaken. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses of prostatespecific
markers including prostate-specific antigen, as well as a panel of glycogenes implicated in highly
invasive tumors will determine the viability of this hypothesis. Characterizing the glycogene fingerprints
of these cell lines will allow prioritization for future microarray-based analyses. Genes demonstrating
differential expression patterns in these model cell lines may serve as targets for future in vitro and in vivo
studies.
64
C32
The Effect of Vector Backbones on PCR Cloning of Green Fluorescent Protein
Presenter(s)
Nishith Reddy, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
David Boone, University of Chicago
High throughput cloning by circular polymerase extension depends on numerous factors, which can each
affect the final yield and efficiency of the process. This study attempts to determine the effect that
alternative preparations of a lentiviral vector backbone can have on the expression of green fluorescent
protein, Cerulean, in E. coli. The Cerulean insert was cloned into a pSMPUW IRES Blasticidin backbone
by PCR, gel isolation, and ligation. The effect of the treatment of the Maxi-prepped vector sample with
Dpn1 was observed. Preliminary results indicate that the vectors have the potential to tranfect cells and
cause the expression of green fluorescent protein. By optimizing the vector backbone preparation, this
study provides a valuable technique for studies in genomics, proteomics, and synthetic biology.
C33
How Does the Silencing Mediator of Retinoid and Thyroid Hormone Receptors Affect
Glucocorticoid Receptor Action?
Presenter(s)
Sabrina Roberts, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Ronald Cohen, University of Chicago
The silencing mediator of retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors (SMRT) represses the transcriptional
activity of a variety of nuclear receptors, but its role in regulating glucocorticoid receptor (GR) action is
unknown. The GR is a nuclear receptor vital for the regulation of metabolism and inflammation. Mouse
embryonic fibroblasts, with and without SMRT, were transfected with GR and glucocorticoid response
element (GRE) plasmids, and treated with zero to 100 nM of dexamethasone, a GR agonist. Luciferase
activity was evaluated to assess alterations in GR transcriptional activity between cells with and without
SMRT. We found no significant increase in luciferase activity in the absence of SMRT, suggesting that
SMRT may not regulate GR action. However, there were some technical issues with the experiments, and
the studies are ongoing. This research, if continued, could potentially contribute to our understanding of
glucocorticoid function, type 2 diabetes, and Cushing's syndrome.
65
C34
The Role of Protein Vpx in HIV Inhibitor SAMHD1 Degradation
Presenter(s)
Sarah Salameh, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Urmi Sheth, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Thomas Hope, Northwestern University
The nuclear protein SAMHD1 inhibits human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication by decreasing
the number of free nucleotides in the cytoplasm. In eliminating many nucleotides, it prevents the reverse
transcription of viral RNA. It is most effective in myeloid cells. Vpx causes the proteasomal degradation
of SAMHD1, while the similar Vpr protein does not. HeLa cells expressing GFP-tagged SAM were
treated with Vpx. Images were taken using a fluorescent microscope to determine at which point during
infection Vpx degraded SAMHD1. Images taken using an environmentally controlled, high resolution,
fluorescent microscope were compiled into a movie. The degradation of GFP-tagged SAMHD1 was
expected to be seen through a general decrease in fluorescence, but was not observed. Therefore, fixed
cell imaging was used instead. This study will further the understanding of the HIV life cycle and how
Vpx degrades nuclear protein SAMHD1.
C35
The Role of the Receptor Nectin-1 in Viral Spread of Herpes Simplex Virus-1
Presenter(s)
Navika Shukla, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Tibor Valyi-Nagy, University of Illinois at Chicago
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is highly prevalent, affecting nearly 30-90% of the adult population. During
corneal infection and viral spread, HSV-1 is known to use three classes of gD receptors for cell entry in
human tissue; however the role of these receptors is not well understood. This study aimed to determine
whether nectin-1, a major HSV-1 receptor, is sufficient for viral entry by using a mutant HSV-1 virus
(RID-1) and comparing its ability for cell-to-cell spread to the wild-type HSV-1's ability for cell to cell
spread. Through the use of immunohistochemical analysis and real-time PCR, it has been determined that
although there is an initial delay in spread, RID-1 is able to infect cells with an efficacy similar to that of
the wild-type HSV-1. The results have established that nectin-1 is sufficient for viral entry, spread, and
establishment of latency.
66
C36
The Selection of Resistance in E. coli
Presenter(s)
Steven Suh, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Donald Dosch, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Antibiotics, while being the miracle drug of the twentieth century, have been causing resistance in
bacteria to unprecedented levels. The resistance of antibiotics was measured in E. coli by performing
consecutive Kirby disc diffusion assays, isolating the resistant colonies, and re-culturing them. After
measuring the sizes of the zones of inhibitions, we used statistical analysis to evaluate the changes.
Challenging a population of E. coli selected for stronger resistance to antibiotics. However we found that
increased resistance for one antibiotic did not mean an increased resistance in other antibiotics. This leads
us to conclude that antibiotic resistance is conferred by different mechanisms. The zones of inhibition in
the Kirby disc diffusions indicate that the selection for antibiotic resistance is quite fast and that it should
be more carefully regulated in medicine.
C37
Increased Heterogeneity of Calcium Cycling in Ventricular Myocytes from Failing Hearts
Presenter(s)
Shannon Tai, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Andrew Wasserstrom, Northwestern University
Intracellular calcium cycling is crucial in heart muscle contraction and relaxation cycles and ensures that
blood is circulated throughout the body consistently. In heart failure, a number of defects had been found
in calcium cycling in hearts, especially under elevated pacing rates. The goal of this investigation was to
measure the defects in intracellular calcium cycling within failing left ventricular myocytes. The hearts
were placed on the Langendorff apparatus in order to keep the heart alive. Electrical stimulation was used
to produce heart muscle contractions at basal pacing (700ms) and rapid pacing (300-400 ms). Calcium
transients were recorded in single cells within Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) controland spontaneously
hypertensive rat (SHR) hearts, an animal model of congestive heart failure, using confocal microscopy
and analyzed using LSM 5 Image Examiner. Compared to calcium transients in WKY, those of SHR
showed decreased transient magnitudes, prolonged transient duration at 50% and 80% of recovery, and
longer time-to-peaks. There was also greater heterogeneity in calcium transient characteristics within
individual SHR myocytes on average. Our results showed that failing myocytes showed many defects and
greater intracellular variability in calcium cycling.
67
C38
An Analysis of the Effects of Azelaic Acid on Principal Gene Expression and Root Growth in
Arabidopsis thaliana
Presenter(s)
Arjun Tambe, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Nicolas Cecchini, University of Chicago
Jean Greenberg, University of Chicago
After an initial pathogen infection, plants often develop a long-lasting and broad-spectrum resistance to
new infections at distal sites, systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Azelaic acid (AZA), a lipidic signal,
has been shown to be implicated on the induction of a primed state during SAR in Arabidopsis, such that
a secondary infection induces a stronger defense response. Moreover, exogenous AZA treatment induces
key SAR components such as the AZI1 and DIR1 genes, which are essential to SAR induction. To better
understand AZA-priming signaling components, I analyzed the effects of exogenous AZA on different
Arabidopsis mutant plants affecting SAR induction. Because AZA also inhibits root growth, I compared
the root lengths of mutant and wild type plants in growing media supplemented with and without AZA.
This method allowed a thorough analysis of SAR mutants. Plants with mutations in the AZI1 and SFD1
genes showed less susceptibility to AZA than wild types, indicating that these genes are important in
AZA signaling. Furthermore, the AZA-responsive genes AZI1 and DIR1 showed differential expression in
the sfd1 mutant. Notably, AZI1 and SFD1 are proteins related to lipid movement and synthesis,
respectively, thus supporting AZA as a key lipidic SAR signal. Understanding SAR components will
provide the possibility of improving plants' chances of surviving pathogenic infections.
C39
Modulation of the Akt/Protein Kinase B Pathway in Human Neutrophils Through the Inhibition of
Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog and PH Domain Leucine-Rich Repeat Protein Phosphatase
Presenter(s)
Lee Tang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Xiangdong Zhu, University of Chicago
The Akt/protein kinase B signaling pathway is vital to cell survival. Our investigation aimed to test novel
methods of enhancing Akt phosphorylation in human neutrophils in vitro through modulation of the
pathway with phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and PH domain leucine-rich repeat protein
phosphatase and to explore the functional consequences thereof. Akt phosphorylation was assessed
qualitatively using Western immunoblotting. Neutrophil adhesion and migration were measured using
modified adhesion assays and modified Boyden chamber assays respectively. Due to the relatively short
duration of this investigation, no conclusive results have been found. In human neutrophils, VO-OH does
not have a significant effect on Akt phosphorylation, but NSC-117079 shows a trend of increasing Akt
phosphorylation with increasing dosages. Further testing is needed to confirm these results. These drugs
still need to be tested thoroughly in vitro before any pharmaceutical in vivo testing and clinical trials may
be performed.
68
C40
Comparison of Drosophila cmi and Human MLL/ALR Type 3 PHD Fingers
Presenter(s)
Riva Trivedi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Andrew Dingwall, Loyola University
Claudia Zraly, Loyola University
The MLL/ALR family consists of large multi-domain proteins found in large co-activator complexes
involved in nuclear receptor dependent gene transcription. Loss of the human MLL/ALR genes has been
implicated in developmental disorders and cancers. The Drosophila MLL/ALR homolog is a single
representative split into two genes during evolution, known as cmi and trr, with each encoding for
conserved portions essential for transcription regulation. To further define the functional relationship
between cmi and trr, we used in vivo knock-down experiments using conditional shRNAi transgenes. We
found depletion in cmi and trr gene levels greatly affected development of Drosophila, and resulted in
lowered global histone lysine methylation. Different loss of function phenotypes were also noted, such as
defects in wing vein development. To determine whether the fly and human MLL/ALR share similar
histone binding properties, we cloned the human ALR/MLL2 PHD3 finger by polymerase chain reaction,
performed protein expression analysis and determined histone binding preference using histone arrays.
We are currently in the process of more precisely determining the histone binding preference of the
ALR/MLL2 PHD3 finger.
C41
Population Structure of Avian Chewing Lice Brueelia laticeps on Two Toucan Genera Andigena
and Aulacorhynchus
Presenter(s)
Malia Wenny, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Shannon Hackett, Field Museum
Heather Skeen, Field Museum
Jason Weckstein, Field Museum
Chewing lice (Phthiraptera) in the genus Brueelia are relatively host-specific, rendering them useful for
studies of cospeciation. We studied the biogeography and phylogeny of the louse species Brueelia
laticeps, which parasitizes two different South American toucan genera, Andigena and Aulacorhynchus.
We extracted, amplified, and sequenced nuclear elongation factor 1- α and mitochondrial cytochrome
oxidase I DNA from seventeen louse specimens and included two louse sequences from a previously
published paper. We reconstructed a phylogeny for Brueelia laticeps using Maximum Parsimony,
Maximum Likelihood, and Bayesian Inference methods. The phylogenetic tree, generally well supported
by bootstrapping, showed three major monophyletic groups within the single species Brueelia laticeps.
These three groups corresponded to geographic regions; however, the groups did not correspond to avian
host species or genera within each geographic range. Our genetic data suggest that the evolutionary
history of Brueelia laticeps is primarily structured by biogeography rather than host species.
69
C42
Phase Behavior in Cell-Free Membrane Vesicles
Presenter(s)
Andrew Wentzel, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Adam Hammond, University of Chicago
The cell membrane is known to be composed of a mix of lipids that behave differently from one another
alone. When mixed in artificial membranes, these lipids are known to either mix together or separate into
two separate phases that define their behavior. By purifying cell membranes off of mammalian cells, our
investigation used phase-specific dyes to investigate the composition of these cells. Cells were incubated
in a buffer containing formaldehyde until the cells blebbed off sections of membranes. This buffer was
then dyed using fluorescent dies DiI and DiO and observed through microscopy. Strong phase separation
was found in the membranes. However, when formaldehyde was diluted out of the buffer containing the
membranes, phase separation was weakened. This behavior may be a result of cross-linking membrane
bound proteins after being exposed to formaldehyde. This is consistent with previous studies that found
that cross-linking causes a stronger preference for phase-separation. Future investigations will need to
find a way to purify cells without the addition of formaldehyde.
C43
Triggered Intracellular Ca2+ Release in Failing Canine Atrial Myocytes
Presenter(s)
Shannon Tai, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Shohei Yamakawa, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Satya Yerrabolu, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Andrew Wasserstrom, Northwestern University
Intracellular Ca2+ is necessary for cardiac systolic and diastolic function. Experiments were performed in
canine left atrial myocytes to compare intracellular Ca2+ cycling between healthy and failing hearts. To
induce heart failure, pacemakers were surgically implanted in the right ventricle of a dog and rapidly
paced for four to six weeks. Myocytes were isolated from whole hearts and were loaded with a calciumsensitive
fluorescent dye, Fluo-4 AM. Calcium cycling was measured at different electrical stimulation
rates using a laser scanning confocal microscope. Irregular, propagated Ca2+ release events known as Ca2+
waves, were triggered during rapid pacing. Our results suggest that the frequency of triggered Ca2+
releases by the sarcoplasmic reticulum is significantly higher in heart failure cells. The frequency of these
waves also increased with an increase in stimulation rate and diastolic Ca2+ level. Results also indicate
that wave velocity was slower in heart failure cells. These results show a difference between the
frequency of triggered events in normal and failing canine left atrial myocytes. Higher frequency of these
events, which is indicative of heart failure, is correlated with higher diastolic Ca2 levels and higher
electrical stimulation rate. Higher diastolic Ca2+ and higher heart rate may be characteristics of heart
failure.
70
C44
Comparison of the Sutural Morphologies of the Lungfish Taxa Neoceratodus and its Close
Relatives
Presenter(s)
Karthik Yarlagadda, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jutin Lemberg, University of Chicago
Neil Shubin, University of Chicago
Small differences between closely related taxa are important in identifying how the species may have
branched, and what evolutionary advantage their unique morphologies gave them. Measurements of the
sutures in Neoceratodus allow for comparison between its sutural morphologies to those of its close
relatives such as Protopterus and Lepidosiren, which may aid in discerning their plesiomorphic
characteristics versus their derived characteristics, as they relate to skull function. The identification and
measurements of the sutures of the Neoceratodus used in this experiment were carried out on AMIRA, an
interface that allows the user to work with computer tomography scans. On Neoceratodus, sutures have
been identified separating the parasphenoid, the dermal ethmoid, the frontoparietal, and the left and right
supraorbitals and squamosals. One example of a comparison between the taxa is the lack of hard tissue
connecting the dermal ethmoid and frontoparietal in Lepidosiren, while the dermal ethmoid of
Neoceratodus is connected to the frontoparietal. Such differences may be indicative of a lack of bite force
on the dermal ethmoid of Lepidosiren, while the dermal ethmoid of Neoceratodus is subject to more
stress during feeding.
C45
The Role of the Silencing Mediator of Retinoid and Thyroid Hormone Receptor in Regulating 1,25-
Dihydroxyvitamin D Receptor Activity
Presenter(s)
Kelly Yom, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Ronald Cohen, University of Chicago
Margo Emont, University of Chicago
Michael Landeche, University of Chicago
The silencing mediator of retinoid and thyroid hormone receptor (SMRT) is a protein that acts as a
nuclear corepressor for the transcription of certain genes. Based on previous research from other labs, we
have reason to believe that SMRT interacts with the vitamin D receptor. In order to test this, kidney tissue
was taken from both wild type laboratory mice and a heterozygous SMRT knockout mouse model. RNA
was then extracted from these samples and analyzed with qPCR to determine the effects downstream of
the VDR, using the reporter CTP24a1. Our data shows that genes that are regulated by vitamin D and the
vitamin D receptor are upregulated in heterozygous animals as compared to wild type animals in the
absence of vitamin D. This means that when SMRT levels are reduced, the vitamin D receptor is less able
to downregulate the expression of downstream genes, suggesting that SMRT does serve as a corepressor
for the VDR. Currently, experiments that show us that SMRT interacts directly with the VDR are being
performed.
71
C46
CD1-d Expression in Breast Cancer Progression
Presenter(s)
Jeffrey Zhao, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Ming Zhang, Northwestern University
Invariant natural killer T-cells (iNKT) mediate immune-based tumor surveillance and numerous studies
have linked aberrant concentrations of these cells to tumor growth, proliferation, and invasion. Recently, a
class of iNKT cells restricted to the membrane-bound, antigen presenting glycoprotein CD1-d was shown
in mouse models to have been downregulated in metastatic breast cancer. In a study of eighteen formalin
fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) human tissue sections grouped as normal breast, ductal carcinoma in
situ (DCIS), and invasive, we performed quantitative immunohistochemistry to assess CD1-d expression
on four representative regions from each tissue section. Using a MATLAB algorithm created to
differentiate stain intensity using red/green/blue pixel analysis, we show that there is a significant threefold
decrease in CD1-d stain intensity between normal and DCIS tissue regions and a significant two-fold
decrease in expression from DCIS to invasive regions. Building off of our preliminary findings, we have
begun batch staining and analysis of over one-hundred other FFPE tissue sections and an inquiry into
possible microRNA based down-regulation of CD1-d. Thus far, our study is the first to characterize and
quantify significant CD1-d down-regulation in human tissue, and suggests that evasion of iNKT antigen
presentation is a critical step in breast cancer tumorigenesis.
D01
A Nonlinear Portfolio Building Model in Futures Trading Strategy
Presenter(s)
Evan Yin, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Doug Adams, Aardvark Trading L.L.C.
Electronic market data and execution have made algorithmic trading possible, where traders develop
automated systems that constantly track data and place trades. While multiple models may compose a
qualitative system, or black box, the portfolio construction model synthesizes information from the other
models to determine which trades to take and their quantities. The goal of my investigation was to learn
about futures trading and see how differential equations could be applied to a portfolio construction
model. I began by reading textbooks on finance, futures, and quantitative trading. I used a Mathematica
tutorial to learn differential equations. With my advisor, I then applied this to a modeling project using
historical price data and Microsoft Excel. Differential equations might be used in a portfolio construction
model because their behavior is theoretically similar to that of futures prices. Specifically, the secondorder
forced oscillator y''[t] + by'[t] + cy[t] = f[t] is of interest. It can model springs and electricity, so it
might also be applied to futures, in the context of a trade known as fading. If viable in the end, this model
could actually be implemented commercially.
72
E01
Characterization of Electron Beam-Induced Deposited Nanoparticles in Liquid Medium
Presenter(s)
Brian Chen, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Ralu Divan, Argonne National Laboratory
Leonidas Ocola, Argonne National Laboratory
With increasing global demand for energy, there is a need for more effective and efficient solar cell
technology. Given the unique optical properties of silver, studying the properties of silver nanoparticles
could provide key insight into their application in solar cells. Silver nanoparticles were deposited from a
solution of silver nitrate by utilizing a scanning electron microscope. A focused electron beam was shot
into a liquid cell containing a silver nitrate solution. Various doses, pitches, and acceleration voltages
were tested. After exposure, samples were rinsed, dried, and then analyzed with near-infrared microscopy
and ultraviolet microscopy to determine the peak intensity and location of the plasmonic activity. It was
found that deposition became more intense as the acceleration voltage was decreased from 20 kV to 5kV.
Higher acceleration voltages caused electrons to move through the medium too quickly before reacting,
resulting in less deposition. Increasing the dose also increased the amount of deposition and, therefore, the
amount of plasmonic activity. This experiment also confirmed previous experiments that showed the
silver plasmon peaks appearing at wavelengths of 350~400 nm (in the ultraviolet range). The results of
this study could be used for solar cell applications, as well as chemical sensing.
E02
Determining the Global Minimum Binding Energy of the Interaction Between Different Gas
Molecules and Functional Groups in Metal-Organic Framework Using Quantum Chemistry
Calculations
Presenter(s)
Sanggyu (Raymond) Chong, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Michelle Suh, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Ki Chul Kim, Northwestern University
Randall Snurr, Northwestern University
Capturing harmful gases - mostly greenhouse gas like NOx, SOx, and NH3 - in the air is an important task
in today's world. Metal organic framework (MOF) is one of the attractive candidates that can selectively
adsorb these unwanted gas molecules. This study strives to expand on a previous study on calculating the
lowest binding energy between a functional group, a possible linker in MOFs, and a gas molecule. The
previous study's values were considered inaccurate because the result corresponds to the local minimum
based on only one possible initial position for each pair of functional group and gas molecule. However,
there is a possibility that the global minimum can be obtained from other possible initial positions. Our
study focused on finding the global minimum (lowest of the lowest) binding energy through
experimenting with multiple initial positions. The binding energy is obtained from MP2 optimization
method using the Gaussian software. Materials Studio was used to view the molecules threedimensionally.
Our result shows that there are numerous local minimums for the calculated binding
energies. Depending on the initial position of a gas molecule, the optimized position of the molecule is
varied, and the values can differ by a single unit to 200 kJ/mol.
73
E03
Comparing the Antioxidant Contents of Blueberries, Grapes, and Açaí Berries
Presenter(s)
Yan-Yang Feng, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Mingyang (Jennifer) Li, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Deborah Scarano, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Antioxidants are important biological molecules, responsible for suppressing chain reactions caused by
dangerous reactive species in the body. Thus, much research is being done to discover abundant sources
of antioxidants for human consumption. This study uses the Folin-Ciocalteau assay for total phenolic
content and the ferric-reducing ability of plasma assay to compare the antioxidant contents of blueberries,
grapes, and açaí berries. Phenol-rich extracts were prepared according to a published study. While no
statistical analysis has been done, data from preliminary runs of both assays have shown blueberries to
have the highest antioxidant content of the three fruits (averaged absorbance values were higher by 0.5).
Calibrations of the concentrations of the sample dilutions still need to be made to reduce noise. Media
sources have created hype over the high antioxidant content of exotic fruits like açaí berries, but
preliminary results show that açaí may not be any more antioxidant rich than blueberries.
E04
An Investigation into Solid Catalysts for Biodiesel Conversion Using Fresh Soy Oil
Presenter(s)
Nishita Kumar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Justin Notestein, Northwestern University
As fossil fuels rapidly deplete, the use of alternative fuels, such as biodiesel, is vital. Biodiesel is
synthesized from vegetable oils and methanol with the help of catalysts. This experiment sought to
understand the effect of time, temperature, and percent concentration of a solid catalyst on the conversion
of unused soybean oil into biodiesel. Calcium oxide was found to be the top catalyst when tested in a 1:6
molar ratio of soy oil to methanol, as compared to magnesium oxide and zinc oxide. The three variables
of biodiesel synthesis tested were catalyst loading (6%, 9%, and 12% by weight), reaction temperature
(60-100ºC), and reaction time (up to three hours). The refractive index was taken of each sample, and
percent conversion was found in comparison to a sample of biodiesel synthesized by a typical protocol. It
was found that conversions approached 100% as the time of the reaction increased. The effects of
temperature and percent loading of catalyst continue to be investigated. In general, catalysts were crucial
for the reaction to occur because they sped up the reaction; by using an optimized catalyst and reaction
variables, the conversion of fresh soy oil and methanol to biodiesel can be maximized.
74
E05
Standardization of Chinese Medicinal Herbs by Thin-Layer and High-Performance Liquid
Chromatography
Presenter(s)
Joshua Lam, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Chun-Tao Che, University of Illinois at Chicago
Medicinal plants are becoming widely accepted as a source of dietary supplements for health maintenance
or as remedies for treatment of ailments. For this reason, it is important that the source materials be
correctly identified as a means to ensure the quality of the end products. The objective of this study is to
establish chemical characterization of medicinal plants through the analysis of their extracts. Specifically,
both thin layer (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods were explored in
order to construct a standardized procedure for identification and standardization purposes. Two plants,
Radix asteris (root) and Coptis chinensis (rhizome), were investigated. In the process of determining the
proper conditions for chromatographic separation, various mobile phases containing organic solvent
mixtures were tested. It was noted that different solvents would have different effects and their polarity
would influence the chromatographic behaviors. The resulting TLC and HPLC chromatograms displayed
characteristic chemical profiles for each plant extract, allowing comparison with known chemical
compounds. As a result of these examinations, procedures to produce fingerprint chromatograms for each
plant species were established. This research will lead to a better understanding of the chemical
composition of medicinal plants as well as proper identification of these medicinal materials.
E06
Thin Layer and High Performance Liquid Chromatography of Chinese Medicinal Herbs
Presenter(s)
Grace Li, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Lily Lou, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Chun-Tao Che, University of Illinois at Chicago
Ming Zhao, University of Illinois at Chicago
Chromatography is an important technique for isolating compounds from medicinal plants and
standardizing herbal preparations. This investigation focused on the Chinese medicinal herbs Flos
Farfarae, Radix Curcumae and Rhizoma Coptidis, with an objective to establish thin layer
chromatographic (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) profiles for identification
and standardization purposes. In this study, different combinations of organic solvents were used for the
extraction and separation of chemical ingredients in the plant extracts. TLC and HPLC were performed
with both the leaves and flowers of Flos Farfarae in order to obtain characteristic profiles of their
chemical components. For Rhizoma Coptidis, special conditions (addition of ammonium solution) of the
TLC chamber were required to achieve good separations. For Radix Curcumae, a quantitative HPLC
analysis was performed by constructing a calibration curve of the reference compound, curcumin.
Different samples of Radix Curcumae were then tested to estimate their curcumin contents. In summary, a
general knowledge of the process of different chromatographic techniques and satisfactory analytical
procedures of the aforementioned medicinal plants have been established. This research can be further
used to identify and determine the concentration of known compounds present in the herbs.
75
E07
Search for an Anti-Bird Flu Agent From Southeastern Asian Plants
Presenter(s)
Jingfei Li, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Hongjie Zhang, University of Illinois at Chicago
Avian influenza has become an increasing health risk over the past decade. It is impossible to predict
mutations of the virus strain, and therefore vaccines against the virus cannot be produced until after an
outbreak occurs. Therefore, antiviral agents must be prepared to combat bird flu outbreaks. Tropical plant
species (1606) were sampled from parts of Laos and Vietnam for research. Each sample was tested for
activity against bird flu, and then active samples were subjected to a bioassay guided fractionation, where
column chromatography was used to divide each sample into fractions. Each fraction was then tested for
activity against bird flu, and active fractions were once again partitioned using silica gel chromatography,
and then put through another bioassay. High performance liquid chromatography was then used to
determine the individual compounds that could inhibit bird flu. It was determined that one species,
Quercus macrocalyx H. et C., was highly effective against bird flu. Of the twenty-five fractions obtained
from the column chromatography, one of the fractions showed 90% inhibition of viral replication at 10
μg/mL against bird flu, without cytotoxicity. Further separation and research on this species is necessary
to determine the cause of its effectiveness against the bird flu virus.
E08
An Investigation into Solid Catalysts for Biodiesel Synthesis from Used Fryer Oil
Presenter(s)
Ashley Radee, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Justin Notestein, Northwestern University
Biodiesel has become prevalent with the recent need for alternative fuels. Though traditionally made with
a caustic basic solution catalyst, solid catalysts are being researched as a more cost-effective and safer
method. In this work, solid catalysts were tested by combining soy oil and methanol in a 6:1 molar ratio,
adding 6-12 weight % catalysts, heating to 60-90ºC and mixing the reactants for up to three hours. The
biodiesel/oil phase was collected by centrifugation and pipetting, and put in a rotary evaporator to remove
residual methanol. The refractive index was determined and compared to a calibration curve to measure
the conversion to biodiesel. The effects of the aforementioned variables on conversion of used and new
oil were determined. Acid catalysts performed poorly with new oil; however, they performed better with
used oil. The different catalyst effectiveness is hypothesized to be caused by free fatty acids in used oil. In
contrast with longer times required for fresh oil, most of the reaction seems to occur within 30 minutes,
but conversion is low. Relative conversions continue to be investigated as a function of catalyst loading
and temperature. A better understanding of used oils could lead to an economical alternative to traditional
petroleum.
76
E09
Spectroscopic Analysis of Chemical Intermediates of Lithium-Air Batteries
Presenter(s)
Richard Shen, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Hsien-Hau Wang, Argonne National Laboratory
The lithium air battery may be the next generation of the lithium ion battery technology due to its high
energy capacity. However, a major issue with the lithium-air battery is its lifespan, and one obstacle to
solving this problem is that during the battery's operation, lithium peroxide precipitates and clogs the
electrode pores, making it important to study lithium peroxide's different means of synthesis and their
associated chemical activities. This compound was analyzed using Raman and electron paramagnetic
resonance (EPR) spectroscopies to better understand its electronic structure. Raman scans of a 60 minute
reaction between lithium peroxide and carbon dioxide in air to form lithium carbonate were taken to
gauge its activity. Furthermore, an EPR scan of lithium peroxide had different results than predicted by its
chemical structure. Although lithium peroxide should have no free electrons, and thus a negligible EPR
signal, this was not the case. Finally, purchased and synthesized lithium peroxide's chemical activities
were compared and shown to be different. These results will hopefully help in improving the cycle life of
lithium-air batteries by allowing scientists to better understand the electronic properties of the compounds
used in its function.
E10
Crystallization of Electronic and Magnetic Molecule-Based Materials
Presenter(s)
Yuanhao Wang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
John Schlueter, Argonne National Laboratory
Molecule-based magnets are magnets which have structural building blocks composed of organic
molecules, coordination compounds, or a combination. These magnets are highly-tunable, frequently
transparent, moderately soluble in organic solvent, and easily prepared under mild conditions. By using
paramagnetic transition metal cations and various organic bridging ligands, one-dimensional, twodimensional,
and three-dimensional magnets and various chain motifs have been discovered. The purpose
of this investigation was to discover whether or not the different phases of the magnets can be developed
by altering the environment in which they are produced. Magnets were both hydrothermally produced
using ovens and also produced at room temperatures. The hydrothermally developed crystals resulting
from the combination of CuF2, pyrazine, FeF3, NH4HF2 is one of these new structures that has the formula
CuFeF6 pyz2H2O4. These crystals have been sent to Los Alamos National Laboratory to study magnetic
properties up to 100 Tesla. We've attempted to modify this structure by replacing the pyrazine ligand with
dioxine and have grown nice crystals that are currently being analyzed by single crystal X-ray diffraction
and SQUID magnetometry.
77
F01
Extracting Key Words from News Articles to Find Appropriate Sites
Presenter(s)
Brian Chien, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Larry Birnbaum, Northwestern University
Patrick McNally, Northwestern University
Shawn O'Banion, Northwestern University
Website organization is a key issue for major news sites. The Intelligent Information Laboratory utilizes
web data mining to extract parts of articles to find similar websites for more information. This project's
main goal is to develop a program that finds related links to websites by using the Python 2.5
programming language that calls for a news article on a website. It then parses the Hypertext Markup
Language to retrieve the main body of text via BeautifulSoup and number the frequency of words via
National Language Toolkit. It will then send the top five words into a Bing Search Applied Personal
Interface (API) to generate relative search links. Currently, the program analyzed a New York Times
article about Biden's visit to Japan, and has generated a histogram showing the frequency of words in the
article. The top five words are “Biden” occurring nineteen times; “Japan” occurring thirteen times;
“minister” occurring eight times” and “Japanese” and “American” occurring seven times each. The
program is being modified to send these five words through the Bing Search API. Eventually, it should
also be able to process any website and send it through multiple search APIs for sites such as YouTube.
F02
TitanOS: The Student Operating System
Presenter(s)
Mosab Elagha, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Ivan Zlatanov, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
James Gerry, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
TitanOS creates a Linux-based operating system customized and optimized for student use. The
construction of this operating system entails finding, downloading, and compiling packages and files
needed for this operating system to function. Thus far, the group has found many of these packages and is
gathering them for compilation on an external server. Packages designed to enhance the student
experience and preference were included and placed neatly into an ISO using Ubiquity. The team is
currently working on this process. The next step is to send the system out to alpha and beta testers in an
attempt to find bugs. We hope that this system can become the preferred candidate for not just IMSA
students, but students around the world.
78
F03
Modeling the Motions of High Altitude Balloons
Presenter(s)
Joshua Fornek, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Mark Subbarao, Adler Planetarium
High altitude balloons (HAB) are a cost effective way to launch experiments into near-space at a much
lower cost per pound than rockets or satellites. A drawback of HAB is the uncontrolled motions of the
payload suspended from the balloon. The first step in eliminating these motions is making a model of
them and using that to determine how design modifications made to the payload of the balloon can
improve the stability of the payload. This study modeled the motions of high altitude balloons using video
analysis techniques. This involves three steps: retrieving the raw data, analyzing the data, and visualizing
the data. To retrieve the raw data, an upward facing video camera is mounted onto the top of the payload
during the flight. To analyze the data, a program was written to go through each individual frame of the
video and calculate the expansion and rotation motions of the balloon. These data are then used to create a
visualization of the system’s motion that can be used to compare differing design solutions. This is of
critical importance to high altitude balloon experiments in order to obtain the least biased data possible.
This is especially important for imaging, as stabilization allows for a wider range of experiments.
F04
Autonomous Flight of an Android Piloted Plane
Presenter(s)
Jason Lin, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Namrata Pandya, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Autonomous flight of a smartphone-piloted plane unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are becoming more
and more common for military as well as civilian surveillance, however they are too expensive. The
average smartphone theoretically has sufficient instrumentation and processing capability to process flight
data and control flight surfaces. An autonomous flight program was designed using C in conjunction with
the Microsoft Flight Simulator X on a computer to design the flight algorithm. The program was then
ported over to an Android phone for testing with the flight simulator. The program was optimized for
flight of a Cessna 172 Skyhawk and has been able to successfully guide a plane through take off, ascent,
turning, cruising, and descent in the flight simulator between any two airports in the flight simulator. The
Android Java program is still being written. The Android phone sensors are yet to be tested for sufficient
accuracy to fly a plane, but the processor has proven to be sufficient for flight calculations. These findings
mean an Android powered UAV is still plausible, which would greatly increase the availability of UAV
for non-military personnel such as farmers, surveyors, and police.
79
F05
An Exploration into Artificial Intelligence: The Mind as a Complex, Adaptive System
Presenter(s)
Andrew Wentzel, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Mike Ososky, Applied Computer Tech.
Artificial intelligence (AI) has been on the forefront of research since the creation of the first computer.
AI has since raised important questions about the nature of intelligence and the hard problem of
cognition: How can abstract thought arise from the brain? Through review of literature from experts in
cognitive science, evolutionary theory, and complex systems we have explored the nature of the mind and
how it can be replicated within a machine. We have modeled the mind as a complex adaptive system that
arises out of the connection of neurons. Furthermore, the mind exists as part of other similar systems that
exist in the universe, such as culture and economics. By observing the nature of these systems and the
emergent phenomena that arise out of them, a theoretical framework has been suggested that would lead
to the emergence of a complex adaptive system that, within the right constraints, would become
sufficiently powerful to meet or surpass human intelligence. Future investigations will go into optimizing
these constraints to allow for a meaningful system to arise.
F06
Graphics Processing Unit-Accelerated Proton Collision Modeling in C++ and CUDA
Presenter(s)
Matthew Yang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Walter Giele, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Gerben Stavenga, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
When protons collide, jet events, or sprays of particles resulting from a series of specific interactions, may
occur in varying number and type. However, as the number of jets increases the possible interactions to
acquire a specific jet event scales as a factorial (though the probability approaches infinitesimal values as
well). Simulation of this phenomenon is extremely computing-intensive, requiring grids of central
processing units (CPU) to evaluate. This investigation compares the processing speeds of the CPU and
the graphics processing unit (GPU) through a custom program that evaluates the relative probability of a
certain number of jets emerging from the collision. The first draft was written for the CPU of an ordinary
computer in C, and is being transferred to a GPU in CUDA to more rapidly process multiple events. We
have completed and translated a program that accurately evaluates probabilities for gluon-only
interactions onto the GPU and have also accurately evaluated speed ratios between the CPU and GPU; the
GPU runs more than two-hundred times faster. This comparison reveals the cost-effective nature of a
GPU-based system as opposed to a multi-CPU grid. Currently, we are in the process of integrating quarks
to account for the probability of remaining possible interactions.
80
G01
Analysis of Market-Based Water Conservation Methods in the United States
Presenter(s)
Yusuf Aktan, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Sabina Shaikh, University of Chicago
Water is a vital resource for America's agriculture, energy, and industrial sectors, as well as a major
expense for municipalities and governments to maintain. Although several minor water market and
banking systems exist in the United States, a large-scale interstate water market has the potential to secure
and sustain drying water resources vital for agriculture. Nutrient pollution in water sources endangers the
environment, as well as restricts America's clean water supplies. Through a review of federal and state
law, government reports, and economics literature, this study provides an analysis of water and nutrient
market systems, how they can be combined, and how they can be used to generate economic activity and
sustain America's clean water supplies. Results suggest interstate nutrient markets would preserve access
to clean water, save municipalities and corporations hundreds of millions of dollars in meeting
government-mandated nutrient reduction timetables, as well as generate revenue for farmers and
municipalities that attain nutrient reductions beyond those mandates. An interstate federal agency is
needed to manage water resources that cross state boundaries, along with expanded advertisement of
these agencies to potential market users, and less complicated regulation to create large-scale water
market systems in the United States.
81
G02
Modeling and Forecasting the Price of Gold Futures: Comparing the Black-Scholes Equation
Against a Multi-Factor Linear Regression Model, Time-Series Analysis, and More Complex
Stochastic Models
Presenter(s)
Henry Deng, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
John Bonie, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Eric Smith, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Recently, the price of gold futures has experienced drastic price fluctuations due to concerns such as lack
of consumer confidence. This stimulus has caused investors to develop new models in their attempt to
forecast the value of gold futures. Traditionally, the Black-Scholes options pricing model has served as an
effective short-term forecasting tool. However, in times of greatly varying volatility, more complex
stochastic models accounting for the change in volatility over time are needed. In this study, the initial
testing compared the Black-Scholes model against multi-factor linear regression models and compared
their ability to forecast the price of gold futures. The more simplistic linearly regressive models served as
a base to which the more sophisticated Black-Scholes models could be compared. Testing revealed that
Black-Scholes models proved much more effective than the linearly regressive models, but failed during
times of greatly varying volatility. Afterwards, a time-series analysis was applied on the price of gold, and
more complex stochastic models were developed and tested using a Monte Carlo simulation. In addition,
using a distribution fitting program, a new method of modifying Black-Scholes was developed. Testing
results revealed that more complex stochastic models could be more effective at accurately predicting the
price of future options. Finally, connections to economic principles such as the Efficient Market
Hypothesis were developed.
G03
Combating Corruption and Spreading Financial Services via Technology in Himalayan Economies
Presenter(s)
Saarthak Gupta, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Eric Smith, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
The abundance of corruption in the developing world, particularly in rural areas, is a great hindrance to
the spread of finance and to development. A recently developed technology, titled the Unique
Identification Number, uses software and hardware mounted on cell phones to spread financial services
and combat fraud by allowing for an easy and universal identification method. I devised a method to test
the boundaries of this technology and its possible effects. By determining the density of cell phone users
and government employees, it was found that the software could be successfully implemented. By
measuring the software's availability, versatility, and security, it was determined that the software could
be used to defend against citizen fraud, but was generally useless against the government variety. If we
use the system correctly, by realizing its boundaries and by implementing the necessary checks and
balances, it could have a significant effect in regards to spreading financial services and combating
corruption.
82
G04
The Great Recession: A Clarification
Presenter(s)
Irene Jiang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Lee Eysturlid, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
In light of the disastrous financial events of 2007 as well as the following economic downturn, it is now
more important than ever to gain a deeper understanding of our nation's fiscal system and, in particular, of
aspects of that system that contributed to the fallout. This study examines the Great Recession of the late
2000s through works representing a variety of opinions, including PBS Frontline's documentary Inside
the Meltdown, Joseph E. Stiglitz's book Freefall, and Charles Ferguson's controversial Academy Award
winning film Inside Job. Through analysis of these sources and more, it is possible for key factors that
catalyzed the catastrophe to be identified and for those factors to be categorized in three distinct classes:
failed practices, characteristics of the flawed market, and the inept or corrupt actions of financial leaders.
Furthermore, these deductions allow for all of the elements involved to be displayed visually. The final
product provides a concise but meaningful illustration of what is considered to be the worst financial
crisis since the Great Depression.
G05
Determining the Value of a Baseball Player
Presenter(s)
Samuel Kaufman, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Matthew Tennenhouse, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Christopher Kolar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Baseball is a game of numbers, and there are many factors that impact how much a player contributes to
his team's success. We analyzed statistics such as hits, walks, and innings played to determine how many
runs each player added to their team’s total runs scored, and then used that value to determine how they
performed relative to other players. Using various statistical databases such as Lahman's Baseball
Database and FanGraphs' publicly available resources, we compiled data and manipulated it to form an
overall formula to determine the value of a player. To analyze the data, we researched formulas to
determine an individual player's hitting, fielding, and pitching production during games. Although we are
still in the data compilation stages, we have developed a formula that evaluates a player's performance
into a win equivalent. Therefore, our formula will express the value of a player to his team in increments
of wins. Using our statistic, baseball teams would be able to compare the impact of various players to the
team in evaluating talent as well as in determining salary.
83
H01
A Case Study Comparing Parent Involvement Indicators and Factors Between Two Elementary
Schools of Different Socioeconomic Levels.
Presenter(s)
Karina Banda, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Joscelyn Garcia, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Mariela Rodriguez, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jose Palos, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Aracelys Rios, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
The socioeconomic status of a family is known to correlate with the level of parent involvement. Two
surveys were designed to test the prediction that two characteristically different elementary schools, by
socioeconomic status, ethnicity, language composition, and so forth, will show distinctly different profiles
of parent involvement. Teachers and students were surveyed in order to describe school context and the
local nature of parent involvement. The surveys consist of questions that represent contextual factors
known to influence parent involvement. Each question is expected to indicate parent involvement based
on a conceptual definition of parent involvement that was developed through research. Results were
assessed in order to show whether there is a significant difference between the parent involvement factors
in each school. These data are expected to be useful for investigating how contextual factors and enablers
of parent involvement such as programs, expectation, and opportunities differ in structure between two
very distinct educational settings. Parent involvement models built from the surveys could potentially
help schools improve their parent involvement policies and programs around the variables that are shown
to be most influential.
H02
The Self-Perceptions of Academic Achievement Amongst Racially Diverse Gifted Students
Presenter(s)
Morgan Ashley Craft, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Ashley Washington, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Adrienne Coleman, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Self-perceptions develop from one's beliefs about moral structure, academic abilities, and attitude. This
study investigated the differences in self-perception amongst the African American, Caucasian,
Asian/Indian and Hispanic students at the Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy (IMSA). The
instrument used to measure self-perception was a thirty-nine multiple choice survey designed based on
the Cooperative Institution Research Program. The survey questions provided a description of students'
academic engagements, extracurricular activities, and future aspirations. The analysis contrasted these
three constructs by race. With the information gathered from this investigation, different teaching
methods can be designed for students based on their racial background to help guide them in their
academic career at IMSA and beyond.
84
H03
Preparedness of Ninth and Tenth Grade Mathematics Teachers for Implementing Common Core
State Standards
Presenter(s)
Margaret Daly, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Sandy Perez, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Tracy Miller, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Introduced in the summer of 2011, Common Core State Standards in mathematics replaced most of those
that states had created in response to the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. This is followed by the
creation of new curriculum and standardized assessments. With new standards, curriculum, and
assessments, teachers will need to change their way of teaching. Questions were developed on ideas about
change in education as progressing from awareness through preparation to full implementation. In
collaboration with the Illinois Regional Offices of Education, teachers throughout the state were invited to
take a web-based survey. From the amount of time they have had to familiarize themselves with these
standards, extant literature predicts they should not be far in the change process. Tools such as guiding
materials and professional development aid in this process. Teachers are most likely to be in the
beginning of the developmental stage where they have already been exposed to the information and
outside factors are now influencing their preparatory actions toward implementing the standards. More
professional development and resources are needed before full implementation can occur. The results can
help guide and inform ongoing work to successfully aim educational reforms.
H04
Improving American Mathematics and Science Education for Global Success Using the Programme
for International Student Assessment Results, Surveys, and Interviews
Presenter(s)
Lucija Filipac, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Sonam Vyas, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Glenn "Max" McGee, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
With the introduction of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) exam in 2000,
OECD countries suddenly had access to a quantifiable measure of their 15-year-old students' achievement
in mathematics, science, and reading. Drawing on the results from the 2000, 2003, 2006, and 2009 PISA
exams, as well as a variety of global and national studies, we have designed surveys and conducted
interviews examining the cultural, economic, and educational factors behind sustained success or
significant improvement on the exams. Contrary to ten common myths prevalent in American education,
both PISA findings and our survey research results produced ample evidence that highly successful and
improving school systems pursue policies and practices that contradict these myths. For example,
increased professional development is worthwhile when it is aimed toward achieving a specific goal,
increased autonomy must be accompanied with accountability, a large amount of funding is not necessary
and smaller class sizes are not as beneficial as previously thought. These cumulative results will not only
debunk myths, but have led us to propose more effective educational practices and policies for improving
American education.
85
I01
Methods for Reduction of Power Consumption in Display Electronics
Presenter(s)
Jorge Acosta, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Ayun Brown, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Lucas Sturnfield, Lixi, Inc./Palladium Energy
Immense amounts of energy are lost while electrical devices remain fully powered when not in immediate
use. We investigated sensor-assisted methods for reducing the consumption of such phantom-loads. We
created a large-scale display device and experimented with a variety of environmentally-aware power
reduction techniques utilizing motion sensors, ambient light sensors, and time-of-day. We have developed
an embedded software algorithm that demonstrates significant power reduction in time display
applications. We implemented a video control host with a PIC18F45k80, four LED controllers each with
a PIC24HJ64GP506A, connected by a CAN2.0b communication bus. Our research in the use of
environmental sensors for display device power reduction is extendable to any electronic system that
remains fully powered indefinitely.
I02
Development of a Field Programmable Gate Array Block for Real Time Pulse Analysis with
Applications in High Energy Physics
Presenter(s)
Paul Bogdan, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Mircea Bogdan, University of Chicago
Henry Frisch, University of Chicago
The Large-Area Picosecond Photo-Detector Project (LAPPD) at The University of Chicago will measure
the arrival of relativistic particles with picosecond time resolution. One major component in this
experiment is the Data Acquisition System (DAQ). The front-end of the DAQ has a set of applicationspecific
integrated circuits which digitize the incoming electrical pulses, generating constant streams of
12-bit values. Because of the high acquisition rates, this amount of data needs to be reduced to
manageable levels. Using the Altera Quartus 9.1 Design Environment, we developed a fieldprogrammable
gate array (FPGA) block that effectively processes these pulses. This FPGA block receives
a continuous stream of 12-bit words, representing the digitized pulses. The block outputs: the times when
several threshold are crossed, the average height for the baseline, the amplitude of the peak and the
integral of each pulse, as well as the slope of the pulse's rising edge. By doing these calculations in real
time and with minimal delay, the amount of data transferred downstream, for further processing, is greatly
reduced, thus increasing the maximum acquisition rate of the DAQ system.
86
I03
The Physical, Structural, and Chemical Properties of Ni2ZrIn
Presenter(s)
Gary Chen, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Philip Nash, Illinois Institute of Technology
This investigation is concerned with determining the various properties of the Heusler alloy Ni2ZrIn.
These ternary metallic compounds have exhibited thermal shape memory and ferromagnetism, both of
which have practical applications to society. To provide a workable source of material for these
experiments, measured portions of the individual metals were fused with an arc melting machine. An arc
melted sample was then annealed in a furnace. Mechanically pressed pellets made from elemental
powders were used to measure heat of formation and heat of reaction. An X-ray diffractometer, or XRD,
tested filed powder of the alloy to find its crystal structure. Density of the compound was taken using an
Archimedes balance, and the lattice parameters of a cubic unit were calculated two times, first using the
XRD data and again using the density measurement. These values were found to correspond, with values
of 6.012 and 6.304 Angstroms respectively. The alloy's hardness was measured using an indenter-based
on the Vickers scale. A dilatometer measured thermal expansion of a sample. An electronic scanning
microscope was used to get a close look at the alloy and determine whether a secondary phase was
present. This investigation confirmed that the compound forms a Heusler phase.
I04
Finding Hydrophobic Chemical Structure That Enables the Adsorption of Ammonia
Presenter(s)
Sanggyu (Raymond) Chong, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Ki Chul Kim, Northwestern University
Randall Snurr, Northwestern University
Due to the heavy emphasis on industry and contemporary demands of the society, the Earth's atmosphere
currently suffers from the abundance of unneeded gases that can be truly detrimental to our health.
Among a variety of materials, chemically structured frameworks such as metal oxides, metal sulfides, and
metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have the potential to be used for the removal of the unwanted gas
molecules in the atmosphere. This study reports our examination on the adsorption of ammonia,
undesired gas, water, and harmless gas on metal oxides, metal sulfides, and functional groups that can act
as the organic linkers in MOFs. We specifically studied binding energies of the molecules on the
mentioned target groups through Møller-Plesset 2 calculations based on Gaussian 09 software and density
functional theory calculations based on Vienna Ab-initio Simulation Package. We are currently in the
process of studying the potential of some more metal sulfides, namely molybdenum sulfide, ruthenium
sulfide, and tungsten sulfide for ammonia capture. Conclusively, few strong candidates have been found
from analyzing our quantum mechanical calculations, and further examination of these candidates is
necessary so that the materials can be utilized for the removal of the harmful gases in the atmosphere.
87
I05
Optimizing the Conjugation and Separation of Linear Chains of Polyphosphates
Presenter(s)
Aditya Karan, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Ying Liu, University of Illinois at Chicago
The mechanisms and kinetics of blood coagulation induced by linear chains of polyphosphates (polyP)
have been studied by Dr. James Morrissey, at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. For in vivo
applications, an appropriate delivery system is necessary to release or expose polyP at appropriate sites
inside the body. Conjugation of PolyP onto dendrimers, polysterene, and gold nanoparticles were
optimized using 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride as the ligand and
separated using different methods such as chromatography and centrifugation. Results have shown that
dendrimers and polysterene may have degrees of degradation. Therefore, gold was chosen to form the
nanoparticles. Results have shown that dendrimers and polysterene are ineffective carriers of polyp.
Reaction conditions of the conjugation of polyP to 5 nm, 10 nm, and 15 nm gold nanoparticles were
optimized based on pH, temperature, and length of the reaction. The reaction was optimized at standard
room temperature, at a pH of 7 for 72 hours. However, preventing aggregations is the main obstacle to
effective use of gold nanoparticles. Centrifuging is the most effective method of separation, however
aggregation continues to inhibit the process. Current efforts are directed towards maximizing the
separation of gold nanoparticles while minimizing the g-force that the nanoparticles experience. The
results will then be applied in vivo studies to study the response of blood coagulation in internal bleeding.
I06
Determining the Feasibility of Using Polymer Electrode Membrane Fuel Cells as a Household
Power Source
Presenter(s)
Keith Kimberling, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Brooke Schmidt, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Promod Vohra, Northern Illinois University
Fuel cells are one of today's most promising green technologies. Their remarkable efficiency and minimal
environmental impact makes them an excellent prospect for clean energy in the future. Polymer electrode
membrane (PEM) fuel cells were selected for research because of their small size and low operating
temperature makes them ideal for small domestic applications such as serving as a source of energy for
households and private vehicles. Experiments on PEM fuel cells were designed to provide evidence to
help engineers determine the feasibility and practicality of using PEM fuel cells for households. The first
experiment dealt with determining the efficiency of the process used to create hydrogen used in fuel cells
since this has a big impact on cost. In this experiment, my measured efficiency rate was only around 25
percent, much lower than my expected range of 70 to 85 percent. When I measured the efficiency of the
PEM fuel cell itself, I found it to be around 30 percent, which is lower than the 40 to 50 percent rate I
expected to find, but is still relatively efficient. Overall, I concluded that PEM fuel cells are, as of now,
too expensive for widespread domestic use.
88
I07
Designing a Water Filter for Developing Nations
Presenter(s)
Benjamin Kuo, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Mark Carlson, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
There is a shortage of drinkable water in the world, and those most affected live in developing nations.
More than 3.5 million people die every year from water-related diseases. By means of a porous ceramic
filter impregnated with nano-particulate silver, we aimed to create a low cost but effective water filter.
Specifically, we are finding the optimal balance between flow rate and killing efficiency by manipulation
of the type and amount of embedded organic material when pressing our filters. Filters were effective, but
fall short of simultaneously satisfying the goals of 99.9% killing and >40 L/day flow. The best iteration
we created was able to operate at 1.2 L/hr at 0.5 m of pressure, and killing at least 99.99% of bacteria.
Trying a variety of organic materials, sawdust remains one of the best choices at 60-70% of the clay
mixture; however rice flour is worthy of further exploration. We found that the absorbency of the organic
material in general determines the shrinkage and by extension cracking of the clay upon drying. We also
observed that previous cone-shaped prototypes were highly variable under testing and thus favor a more
reproducible disk shape. We hope to soon meet our goals.
I08
Designing a Mixed-Use Facility in a Semi-Urban Environment
Presenter(s)
Byron Mui, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Justin Sass, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Steven Vasilion, Vasilion Architects
This investigation was to redevelop a 0.9 acre site located in the Art District of downtown Batavia. The
owner was interested in developing the site into a practical, efficient and mixed-use urban development.
Collaborating with four other students from Geneva and Batavia High Schools, we researched the
regulations for the site and learned the zoning code to ensure a complete understanding of the site
restrictions and parameters. In addition, the group finalized the layout of the site and individual units in
AutoCAD and created a three-dimensional rendering with photorealistic images of the site to help to
visualize the spatial distribution. The resulting design includes a layout of retail and office spaces, parking
spaces, and residential units in the property, along with a master suite for the owner. Revisions to the
designs were made based on the owner's and city official's specifications. The group will present the final
design to the city and the owner, and if any ideas are well-liked, it may be implemented into an actual
design being built in the future.
89
I09
Properties of the Heusler Alloy Ni2GaZr
Presenter(s)
Zoe Phillips, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Philip Nash, Illinois Institute of Technology
Heusler alloys form a cubic crystal structure that gives them properties they would otherwise lack. Halfmetallic
Heusler alloys can be used in spintronic computers which are more energy efficient than current
computers. All Heusler alloys have the same chemical formula: X2YZ where X and Y are transition
metals and Z is an element from groups III-V. This project focuses on the properties of Ni2GaZr in its arcmelted
and annealed forms. The heat content and enthalpy of formation were measured using the results
of calorimeter tests. The crystal structure and lattice parameters were determined using an X-ray
diffractometer. The crystal structure was face centered cubic with a lattice parameter of 6.07 Å. The
density was measured using an Archimedes balance and compared to the density calculated from the
lattice parameter. The hardness of the annealed and arc-melted samples was determined using the Vickers
scale. Dilatometry testing was performed to determine the thermal expansion coefficient of Ni2GaZr.
Ni2GaZr is not magnetic at room temperature. The annealed and arc-melted samples were viewed with an
optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope. Ni2GaZr has a Heusler phase and a small amount
of Ni3Ga. The data will be compared to other Ni2YZ Heusler alloys.
I10
Improving the Design of a Dual Intermeshing Rotor Helicopter
Presenter(s)
Amir Safavi, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Francisco Ruiz, Illinois Institute of Technology
People have always been fascinated by flight, and while the airplane allows people to fly, the helicopter
gives them flexibility in the air that the airplane cannot provide. However, helicopters are difficult to fly
and that is why the design of the dual intermeshing rotors was created. It makes it easier for the average
person to fly the helicopter. The work at Illinois Institute of Technology guided by professor Francisco
Ruiz focused on perfecting a design of this helicopter by working on a model helicopter. During the work,
the helicopter was redesigned for different gears. The parts for the helicopter were designed on Solid
Works and later machined at the local machine shop. Some of the aspects studied included special highoxygen
fuels, helicopter maintenance, aerodynamics, and helicopter flight. While the helicopter's rotors
did turn, it did not fly because the gears disengaged at high RPMs. The design was improved upon by
adding pieces to hold the gears in place.
90
I11
A Transimpedance Amplifier Under Cryogenic Temperatures
Presenter(s)
Robert Schurz, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Rene Padilla, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
In a superconducting radio frequency particle accelerator, such as that being developed at Fermilab, it is
often important to measure the amount of ionizing radiation emitted by particles due to Bremsstrahlung
and other effects in order to protect the accelerator from damage. Excessive exposure of machine
components to this type of radiation can result in a variety of failures. Cryogenic loss monitors
strategically located inside the machine cryostat help in the diagnosis. We designed and tested a key
component, a transimpedance amplifier, operational at cryogenic temperature as part of the loss monitor
diagnostic. Our study focuses on optimizing critical characteristics of this single supply circuit at liquid
nitrogen temperature such as frequency response, signal-to-noise ratio and bandwidth. We have optimized
a transimpedance amplifier at liquid nitrogen temperatures with a 6.6 pF capacitor, 10 MΩ resistor, and
2500 Hz bandwidth.
I12
Changing Cell Fate: A New Method to Treat Colon Cancer Without the Side Effects of
Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy
Presenter(s)
Hyun Jin Song, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Jennifer Zhang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Vitali Metlushko, University of Illinois at Chicago
The goal of this research, supported with new cancer cell biology, cellular biomechanics, and high
resolution biomedical imaging data, is to find whether different types of cancers can be cured without
using drugs, which often cause side effects. With our capabilities to reproduce the extracellular matrix
(ECM), we investigated how different kinds of ECM topographies affect cells' fate. One of our goals is to
make an ECM topography that could cure cancerous cells. Firstly, we used atomic force microscopy to
image cells in a liquid environment, a normal environment for living human cells. Secondly, we
employed state of the art electron beam lithography to fabricate ECM topographies that could be used to
test how cells grow and differentiate on them. We fabricated one to one topographies of four different
cancerous ECM stages, from normal to cancerous ECM. Finally, our colleagues from the UIC College of
Medicine tested the interactions and responses between different fabricated ECM topographies and
different cells ranging from normal to cancerous. Initial results demonstrated that fabricated ECM
topographies in fact influence the cell life. A possible extension to this experiment is to use ECM
topographies to influence the ultimate cell types that stem cells would become.
91
I13
IMSA Students' Motivations to use Electricity Generating Bikes
Presenter(s)
Kyle Stanevich, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Branson Lawrence, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
This investigation focused on building a bike that generates electricity so that IMSA students could use it.
A ten question survey was designed to study the motivations of IMSA students to go green and exercise
on the bike. Although not every IMSA student was able to utilize the bike, they could still take the survey
based on their motivation for exercising and going green in prior experiences. The bike was modified to
have pedals with a plywood flywheel attached directly to them, which turns a generator. Then the
electricity that is produced is stored in a battery, which is connected to an inverter, so that the battery
could charge a phone, iPod, or power anything else plugged into it. Overall, the process of building this
bike was challenging. The bike has two uses, a device for exercising and something that generates usable
electricity, which is why there are two completely separate motivations being studied in just one object.
Finally, there are economic advantages to having a bike like this, and it could find uses outside of just
testing, and household projects.
I14
Characterization and Manipulation of Nanorods via an Applied Magnetic Field
Presenter(s)
Summer Wu, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Vinayak Dravid, Northwestern University
Shih-Han Lo, Northwestern University
In recent years one-dimensional nanostructures have drawn considerable attention due to their potential
applications in electronics and therapeutics. In this study, a remote system capable of controlling the
motion of magnetic nanorods was created. Two different systems, electromagnets and magnetic stirrers,
were used to create continuously changing magnetic fields, thus applying a constant torque to make
nanorods rotate as nanostirbars. The system was tested on three different types of synthesized nanorods:
multi-segmented nickel/gold, pure nickel, and pure gold nanorods. Nickel and gold were chosen due to
the combination of the magnetic properties of nickel and the biocompatible properties of gold. Variables
such as length, shape, and geometries of the nanorods were characterized by a scanning electron
microscope and an atomic force microscope, and the composition of the nanorods was analyzed by energy
dispersive X-ray spectroscopy elemental analysis. The spinning motion of the nanorods was observed
through an optical microscope. It was concluded that while geometric variables did not impact the
spinning ability of the nanorods, composition was critical. Additionally, the synthesized fifty-fifty
nickel/gold nanorods had sufficient spinning force to perform as nanostirbars. These experiments
demonstrate a system capable of non-contact manipulation in solution at the nanoscale.
92
J01
"The One Sin the Gods Never Forgive Us is That of Being Born Women:" A Study of Women in
Popular Modern Fantasy
Presenter(s)
Brianna Collender, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Karolyn Stromdahl, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Adam Kotlarczyk, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Popular modern fantasy was read to study the changes that were based on gender of the characters.
Specifically focusing on female characters; the different aspects that can change for the characters were
authority, voice, and appearance. To discover these changes, five popular modern fantasy series' were
studied. The books were written by, J.R.R Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Le Guin, J.K. Rowling, P.C. Cast and
Kristen Cast. As time progressed in Britain and the United States, female characters gained authority,
developed more influential voices, and relied less on their physical appearances. In the earlier years
women had little authority, almost no voice, and were judged by their appearance. The study shows that
as the world progressed women are allowed a greater role in society, with rare exception. Popular modern
fantasy novels reflect this historical gender development with their characters growing as society is
changing throughout the decades.
K01
Comparing the Effectiveness of Natural and Chemical LaboratoryWaste Water Treatment
Methods: An International Collaborative Effort
Presenter(s)
Mitchell Bieniek, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Christopher Sartain, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Samuel Walder, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Glenn "Max" McGee, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Aracelys Rios, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Educational, scientific, and industrial institutions are dissuaded from using heavy metals in experiments
as the wastewater byproducts are too difficult and expensive to filter. Laboratory wastewater cannot be
rinsed down a sink, and introducing heavy metals into the environment has adverse effects. The
unavailability of safe, clean water for agriculture and consumption can force people with no alternatives
to use water that is contaminated with heavy metals. Working with student researchers at RDFZ High
School in China, we evaluated both biological treatment methods and chemical reactions for their
effectiveness in removing heavy metals and hydrocarbons including lead, cobalt, chromium, benzene, and
toluene from water. In addition, researchers at both sites created artificial wetlands to ascertain the
effectiveness of plants in purifying identical samples of laboratory wastewater. Our plants included
Eichornia crassipes and Typha domingensis while RDFZ students used Convolvulaceae, Cactaceae, and
Eichornia crassipes. While data on the comparative effectiveness of wetland plants are currently
inconclusive, chemical methods are more effective, but costlier, than natural methods in removing
pollutants. The most cost-effective filtration also uses a combination of chemical and natural methods.
This saves money while encouraging the development of wetlands near laboratory sites, making for
significant environmental advantages.
93
K02
The Plausibility of Creating Green Energy Farms From Blemished Crops
Presenter(s)
Ty Bottorff, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Kenzo Esquivel, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Olivia Legan, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Branson Lawrence, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
So many crops are wasted every year; even up to twenty percent of all watermelons are left in the field
due to blemishes, deformities, and bugs. These wasted crops are not sold to consumers merely due to
slight blemishes, so there is a true possibility for farms to become self-sustaining in terms of energy
simply by using these otherwise thrown out crops. We have investigated the plausibility of converting
blemished fruits (lemons, limes, oranges, and apples) into usable fuel through cutting, blending, straining,
diluting (so the yeast does not die from a high alcohol concentration), fermentation, and distillation of
these crops. We have created an ethanol that is 85% as effective as pure ethanol, calculated by comparing
the relative efficiency of our ethanol at heating water as compared to pure ethanol. We are also
investigating possible uses of leftover fibrous material from distillation, so all parts of blemished fruit
could be used to create a green farm. From these results, it is worthwhile for farms to set up fermentation
and distillation labs on site to convert otherwise wasted crops into fuel usable for farm equipment,
creating a self-sustaining farm.
K03
Energy Efficiency of Hand Dryers Compared to Paper Towels and Their Effect on Energy
Consumption on the IMSA Campus
Presenter(s)
Christina Cheng, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Harsha Jujjavarapu, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Branson Lawrence, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
This study compared the amount of energy consumed by the use of paper towels to the energy expended
when using heatless hand dryers. This data allowed us to make IMSA into a more energy-efficient, as
well as an increasingly energy conscious, campus. In this retrospective study, two Dyson Airblade hand
dryers were installed into the two bathrooms by the TV Pit. Using a Smart Meter, we calculated the
amount of energy expended by the hand dryers over a period of two weeks and compared this to the
energy required throughout the lifespan of a paper towel. The amount of energy consumed by the heatless
hand dryers was significantly less than the energy consumed by the paper towels as well as hand
dryers that used heated air. Since the energy consumed by the Dyson Airblade was significantly less, it is
expected that installing these hand dryers will be significantly cost efficient in the long term. These
results will be beneficial as they would convince IMSA administration to install more heat-less hand
dryers throughout the IMSA campus.
94
K04
The Optimization of Cellulosic Ethanol Production from Corn Stover, Mixed Prairie Plants, and
Switchgrass
Presenter(s)
Grace DiCecco, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Margaret Workman, DePaul University
Currently in the US, biomass fuel is produced from corn, a food source, and thus not a viable, long-term
replacement for fossil fuels. As an alternative, researchers are looking towards cellulosic ethanol.
However, questions regarding which non-food biomass to use and how to optimize the energy-intensive
process have arisen. This study looked at two variables: biomass type (corn stover, mixed prairie plants
and switchgrass) and mechanical pretreatment (grinding and chopping). The biomass was mechanically
and thermally pretreated, hydrolyzed with cellulase enzyme, and fermented with brewer's yeast. The
amount of cellulosic ethanol produced was then determined. Grinding the biomass produced significantly
more ethanol than chopping in all cases. In addition, the pretreatment method had significantly more of an
impact on the mixed prairie plants than the other plant types. Corn stover produced significantly more
ethanol per plot than the other plant types and switchgrass produced the least. Based on the results, corn
stover is the best option for the production of ethanol on a per plot basis. However, these results are based
on the first year planting of the crops and may change in subsequent years.
K05
The Potential of Vertical Farming
Presenter(s)
Logan Dodd, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Bryan Hoffman, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Sarah O'Leary-Driscoll, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
As human population increases many natural resources, including farmable land, are depleted. One
possible solution to the depletion of land is vertical farming. We assessed the feasibility of vertical
farming and its potential problems, and created a model using Google SketchUp that could solve these
problems. We found that our helical model was not only more efficient than the current vertical model,
but as it was based on a single surface, also solved problems brought about by the current layered model.
A notable feature of our model is that it is an entirely enclosed design, as flat land farms are susceptible to
the elements and pests. Our model is also unique as it is applicable to both rural and urban settings. We
grew corn on various angles and found that 50 degrees was the maximum for growth. This information
aided us in further developing our model. In evaluating efficiency, our calculations showed that for every
rotation in our helical model 301.5 square meters of usable land is created for farming. This means that
after two rotations, the design becomes twice as efficient as a conventional farm.
95
K06
Indices of Sustainability
Presenter(s)
Christian Fitzsimmons, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Michael Horn, Northwestern University
Property owners, politicians, and others have lately shown an interest in complete and dependable
information about environmentally friendly buildings to inform their decision making. There are a
number of different organizations attempting to supply this information in a useful format, but they all
have different methods and goals. Different rating systems, standards of "green-ness” and faulty data can
also make using this information very unreliable. The purpose of this paper is to analyze indexes
produced by two of these organizations (the Greenprint Carbon Index produced by the Greenprint
Foundation and the IPD Sustainable Property Index produced by the International Property Database),
determine which has the more appropriate or refined approach, and offer several suggestions for
improvement and expansion in the future.
K07
Acceleration and Expansion of Diversity in the Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy Prairie
Presenter(s)
Clare Leahy, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Elaina Zintl, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Donald Dosch, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
The Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy (IMSA) prairie was started in 1996; its first and only
burn was in the fall of 2010. We endeavor to foster the prairie and increase plant diversity, as well as
expand the prairie. We identified plants currently in the prairie and desired plants to add through field
guides and literature review. We also researched germination techniques and are currently germinating
plants to find which method works the best. We identified twenty-three plants in the prairie, experimented
with three germination techniques, and have determined where to plant our specific desired plants based
on water drainage maps, elevation maps, and other research. We planned and established a grid for our
current project and for further study of the prairie by future SIR researchers and students. We developed
the IMSA Prairie Field Guide, determined that the prairie should be expanded over the southeast hill, and
decided, based on our research, these plants should be introduced: blazing star, prairie dock, purple
coneflower, and rattlesnake master.
96
K08
The Efficiency of Green Roofs as a Method of Insulation for Urbanized Buildings
Presenter(s)
Ashwin Mitra, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Branson Lawrence, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Green roofs are a method of reducing the costs of insulation and internal temperature of a structure
through the use of greenery on roofs. I tested the effectiveness of green roofs as a method of insulation for
urbanized buildings. Based on the literature regarding green roofs, I built my own experimental green
roof models. I measured the internal temperature of the space located underneath the model's roof. I put
clay fertilizer potting mix, or planted a Lolium and Poa pratensis mix or Weihenstephaner gold in the
models to compare the effect of leaf size on the green roof efficiency. The models are placed in a green
room with a constant temperature specifically for the growth of plants. I predict the green roof model with
the most greenery to be the most effective due to a higher absorption of and defense against sunlight.
Results show the models with greenery to posses, on average, a lower temperature of about one degree
Celsius over the course of a one-week period. Findings will give scientific evidence of the insulating
properties of green roofs and the effect of leaf size on green roof efficiency.
K09
Determining Toxicity of Sediment in the North Shore Channel
Presenter(s)
Hyun Bin Park, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jean-Francois Gaillard, Northwestern University
The toxicity of metals in sediment can be determined by observing the bioavailability of metals. A metal
bound to a sulfide is non-toxic; if there exists more moles of sulfide than moles of metal in sample
sediment, one can assume that the sediment will be non-toxic. Using the simultaneously extracted metals
- acid volatile sulfide method (SEM-AVS method), one can determine the moles of zinc, copper, and lead
as well as the moles of sulfide in sediment. In this experiment, sediment from the North Shore Channel
was extracted at various locations to be checked for toxicity. We found variable levels of sulfide in
sediment as well as metals. The notably low sulfide data points were most likely due to the system's
exposure to oxygen during the SEM-AVS method. Based on the results of the moles of sulfide and metal,
we will determine the toxicity of the metals.
97
L01
Understanding Music Structure and Form with the Intent of Composing Music
Presenter(s)
Carol Gu, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Peter Dong, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
This investigation focuses on composing a piano piece that successfully builds and resolves tension by
manipulating the musical work's structure and form. The harmonic, melodic, rhythmic, and form analyses
of Classical and Romantic pieces were completed for the purpose of building a solid foundation on how
to recreate methods of building tension in a piece. By studying what has in the past achieved a musically
aesthetic sound, this gives the composer adequate background on how to write music. Harmonically, this
study explored chord progressions that build tension, cadences that resolve tension, and pivot chords or
cadences that transition the piece into another key. Melodically, contrasting themes were used to
emphasize tension and bring together the musical work as a whole. In addition, focus on counterpoint
allows the composer to flesh out a quality melody that matches the harmony. Rhythmically, the speed of
changing chord progressions creates motion within a piece, driving it progressively forwards to create
tension. Each of these factors is evident in the composition. These components work together to create an
aesthetic type of knowledge, presented in the form of an original musical piece.
L02
Original Analysis of Webern's Variations for Piano, Op. 27
Presenter(s)
Henry Ward, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Michael Keyton, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Mario Pelusi, Illinois Wesleyan University
Non-tonal music has influenced generations of composers since its inception in the early twentieth
century. Conventional music analysis techniques are generally ineffective when applied to non-tonal
music, and as such, pieces are often analyzed on a case-by-case basis. Certain standards apply when
analyzing non-tonal works, however. These standards provided the foundation for this analysis of Anton
Webern's Variations for Piano, Op. 27. No other analyses of Webern's works were consulted. Webern's
Op. 27 is a highly developed non-tonal piece, utilizing many standards of non-tonal music such as
symmetry and tone rows. It redefines the meaning of variation for use in non-tonal music in differing
ways throughout its three movements. It also retains elements of tonal form that serve to create a
complicated piece rich in contrast.
98
M01
French Colonial North America
Presenter(s)
Luis Gomez, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Claiborne Skinner, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
The presence of the French in North America has affected the history and characteristics of the areas in
which they once governed. The French developed a hybrid culture in the Americas based on a
combination of their native culture and attitudes and the culture of the new world. Unlike the English, the
French did not keep hold of their assets in the New World. To the inexpert eye, it may seem that the
French were incompetent and unintelligent in their decisions and attitudes in the New World. After
reading scholarly literature, the French motives and attitudes appear more logical, realistic, and even
extremely intelligent in regard to Quebec. The French had a small navy which was negligible compared to
the British and without a large navy overseas territories could be lost easily. This is why the French chose
not to send many settlers and as results of their low population in the New World they needed the Indians.
The small number of French made the fur trade the economy's center for the Indians harvested the pelts
and the French solely collected them. This investigation provided a new perspective of the actions and
attitudes of the French that contradicts popular assumptions.
M02
The Effect of the Arab Spring on Egypt's Government, Diplomatic Relations, and its Economy
Presenter(s)
Connor Kasch, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Robert Kiely, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Following the overthrow of the monarchy in 1952, Egypt has been a dictatorship. During much of the
Cold War, the Soviet Union was Egypt's main benefactor, but following the peace treaty between Israel
and Egypt in 1979, the United States has supported the Egyptian government and military with substantial
financial aid. As a consequence, Egypt became the cornerstone of U.S. diplomatic policy in the Middle
East. However, because of the recent civilian movement, the Arab Spring, the Egyptian people succeeded
in overthrowing the old regime and their president, Hosni Mubarak in February of 2011. The military,
who assisted them, took the role of the transitional government. The change in rule has presented many
questions about the future of the government and its position towards the West and Israel. The Muslim
Brotherhood emerged as the dominant party after Egypt's recent democratic elections. A more populist
government may negatively affect relations with Israel and its sponsor, the United States, upon which
Egypt's economy heavily relies. Primary documents, books, and news articles provided the background
knowledge and insight needed to understand the implications of the Arab Spring and allow for the
researcher to make predictions on the future of Egypt.
99
M03
The Rise and Fall of Great Powers
Presenter(s)
Mia Leckie, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Agnel Philip, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Claiborne Skinner, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Our goal in this investigation was to determine what factors and conditions led to the rise and subsequent
fall of great world powers. We then took these conditions and applied them to the present day. Our
ultimate goal was to figure out what the lifespan of the United States' reign as a world superpower would
end up being. Using a list of great powers that included the Chinese Empires, Roman Empire, British
Empire, Egyptian Empire, and many others, we compiled information of what contributed to the rise of
these powers. From this, we constructed a "rule book" for the rise of great powers. We included location,
competition, tolerance, and technological advancements in this rule book as necessary for the formation
of great power. While not an indicator that a great power will form, one cannot form without them. We
then turned our attention to what made these powers fall. As we examined this in the classical sense, we
determined that the greatest driving force behind this is the increase in the cost of war. However, we have
concluded that the transition from agrarian society to a capitalist industrial society in the last three
centuries has negated previous conceptions of great power.
M04
Post World War II German Identity, From Pride to Problem
Presenter(s)
Caitlin Walczyk, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Christian Nokkentved, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects that World War II had on German national identity,
and how most Germans currently view their country. In order to do this, a literature search was done, first
focusing on the period leading up to 1945 to establish the national identity prior to World War II. The
focus then shifted to events after World War II leading up to Germany today. The 2006 World Soccer
Cup matches increased the level of national pride of many German citizens and their identification with
their nation. It was concluded that after World War II, the pride that most Germans had in their country
decreased substantially, and for a significant period of time, Germans lost almost every aspect of national
identity. Through time, arguments were made in an attempt to create a new sense of identity; however,
even after unification, Germans continued to struggle with this issue, leading them to identify themselves
as European rather than German.
100
N01
An Analysis of the Death Penalty Worldwide
Presenter(s)
Jennifer Bailey, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Katia Colin, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Sandra Babcock, Northwestern University
Delphine Lourtau, Northwestern University
Since the mid-twentieth century, the number of countries retaining the death penalty has steadily
decreased. As of 2012, there are forty-four retentionist countries that institute the death penalty for a
variety of crimes, including but not limited to murder, rape, drug possession, and apostasy. In our
investigation, we worked with an online database, Death Penalty Worldwide, to analyze death penalty
trends throughout the world and over time. The relationships we found were compiled into graphics that
would allow those unfamiliar with the death penalty to become acquainted with the topic. Our figures
addressed issues such as the death penalty status of countries over time and geographically, countries with
a mandatory death penalty, and executions worldwide in 2010. Notable facts that can be observed from
the data include China's extremely high rate of executions, the Middle East's reluctance to abolish the
death penalty, and the United States' singularity as a retentionist country in North America. Our research
will be used in a fact sheet on the Death Penalty Worldwide website, which will educate readers about the
history and future of the death penalty.
N02
Criminal Minds?: A Psychological and Legal Analysis of the Insanity Plea's Credibility
Presenter(s)
Mindy Jian, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Heidi Warning, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Colin Miller, John Marshall Law School
The media often distorts the legal procedures faced by mentally ill criminals. In reality, these procedures
are much more complicated than their Hollywood counterparts. The aim of this investigation was to
clarify these misconceptions and further examine the validity of the insanity plea. Inquiry days were spent
at John Marshall Law School reviewing case files, reading books detailing the diagnosis and classification
of mental illnesses, and attending criminal law classes. We discovered that pleading not guilty by reason
of insanity presents some controversy. From a legal standpoint, a guilty party may use this plea as a
loophole to receive lesser punishment than deserved. Alternatively, from a psychological perspective,
mental illnesses are perfectly capable of crippling people's mental state to the point where they are no
longer responsible for their actions, calling for treatment rather than punishment. However, psychologists
can only qualitatively assess mental illness. This means that legal procedures regarding such cases must
allow for subjectivity, and there is no completely objective method of defining various levels of mental
degradation. The study mentioned examines the efficacy of our judicial system in dealing with such
delicate issues, as the wrong standards could lead to false incarceration of innocent citizens.
101
O01
Educating the World with Game Theory
Presenter(s)
Austin Gonzalez, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Erik Luo, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Namrata Pandya, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Game theory is a mathematical field that was first discussed in a letter pertaining to a game of cards in
1714 and has since grown into a complex system of theorems and conclusions. This field can be used to
settle disputes as simple as the prisoner's dilemma to situations as complex and delicate as the Cuban
missile crisis. We researched and reviewed scholarly literature to understand the fundamental game
theoretical concepts before creating a website to help teach others. The driving focus of our investigation
has evolved from linking game theory with computer science into an educational endeavor. Using
Hypertext Markup Language, JavaScript, and other web technologies, we have designed a functioning
website which demonstrates mathematical and computer science concepts. Over myriad iterations, our
work led to an editable payoff table of arbitrary size, real-life scenarios that apply to game theory, and
implicitly-defined browser-based functions for finding mixed strategies and Nash equilibria. Our work
will be made publicly available on the IMSA web server for anyone to utilize our site and learn game
theoretical concepts. The website's goal is to demonstrate how game theory can be an effective, holistic
approach to solving any problem.
O02
2- ε Devils Trap an Angel of Power 2
Presenter(s)
David Wang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Mark Fischler, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
The Angel Problem is a number theoretical game first proposed by John Conway in 1982 and is played on
an infinite chess board. In the game, an angel of power n moves n consecutive squares in distance per turn
while p devils attempt to trap it on a finite area of the board by permanently blocking p squares per turn.
With 2-ε devils, we formulate a series of blocked square formations called glides, slides, spikes, and drifts
that force an angel that specifically moves like a knight to travel around the perimeter of a finite square
board, trapping it within. The glides and slides force the angel to travel in one direction indefinitely while
the spikes cause it to turn ninety degrees in its trajectory. We find that two devils is sufficient to trap a
knight-angel and calculate a range of board sizes for which this strategy is possible. Also, by defining the
game for non-integer number of devils, we investigate the possibility of trapping the knight-angel with 2-
ε devils, where ε is between zero and one.
102
P01
Effect of Chemically-Induced Hypoxia on the Metastasis of High Nitric Oxide Adapted and Parent
Cancer Cell Microenvironments
Presenter(s)
Courtney Amegashie, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Kim Elseth, University of Illinois at Chicago
James Radosevich, University of Illinois at Chicago
Benjamin Vesper, University of Illinois at Chicago
Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-lived free radical known for its activity in oncogenesis and tumor growth. As
tumor volume increases, it grows faster than its supporting vasculature, resulting in hypoxic conditions in
the solid tumor mass. To encourage oxygen homeostasis in this microenvironment, the tumor utilizes
hypoxia-inducible factor 1- α (HIF-1α), a molecular regulator known for promoting an invasively
aggressive phenotype in the tumor. Given the role of HIF-1α in tumor aggressiveness, this study sought to
analyze the effects of varying concentrations of the hypoxia mimetic, cobalt chloride, on the migration
velocities of several high nitric oxide (HNO) adapted cell lines. Using a standard in vitro scratch assay
with cobalt chloride-enriched media, cell migration velocities were measured in units of pixels per hour.
Results suggest that HNO cells have metastatic rates that are greater than or equal to those of the
analogous, unadapted parent cell line, depending on the concentration of cobalt chloride. These findings
support the hypothesis that HNO cells are more metastatic than the parent cell line in hypoxic
environments. Future work will focus on validating the aggressive behavior of the HNO cell lines towards
a chemotactic source in an in vitro model.
103
P02
The Effect of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Chemotaxis on the Metastasis of Cancer Cell
Microenvironments
Presenter(s)
Courtney Amegashie, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Kim Elseth, University of Illinois at Chicago
James Radosevich, University of Illinois at Chicago
Benjamin Vesper, University of Illinois at Chicago
Nitric oxide is a free radical known for its role in cancerous tumor growth and metastasis. After several
experiments in an in vitro scratch assay, nitric oxide has been observed to be a causative factor of
metastatic aggressiveness in cancerous cells. With a primary function of promoting tissue growth, insulinlike
growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a hormone similar to pancreas-produced insulin, but much more potent. In
the in vitro environment, IGF-1 promotes cellular movement towards the area of highest IGF
concentration. Given the role of IGF-1 in the chemotaxis of cancer cells, this study sought to analyze the
metastatic effects of this chemical on high nitric oxide (HNO) adapted cell lines. Utilizing an in vitro
comparative agarose dot assay with control (no IGF-1) and IGF-1 enriched dots, the metastatic
aggressiveness of cells towards the chemotactic source was measured. Results confirmed the positive
roles of IGF-1 and high levels of nitric oxide on the metastatic aggressiveness of cancerous cells. These
findings support the hypothesis that motility towards a chemotactic source is greater in HNO adapted
cancer cell lines than in their corresponding non-adapted (parent) cell lines. Future work will focus on
confirming these findings in other in vitro models.
104
P03
The Effect of Ccl22 on Regulatory T Cells and Skin Depigmentation in Mice
Presenter(s)
Wendy Bindeman, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jonathan Eby, Loyola University
Hee-Kap Kang, Loyola University
Caroline Le Poole, Loyola University
Vitiligo is a skin depigmentation disorder that occurs when autoimmune T cells destroy melanocytes.
Previous research has demonstrated that regulatory T cells (Tregs), which modulate T cell responses, are
present in reduced numbers in vitiligo skin. This study investigates the role of chemokine (C-C motif)
ligand 22 (Ccl22) in the migration of Tregs to the skin and its effect on depigmentation. C57BL/6 wildtype
mice were DNA vaccinated with optimized Trp1 to induce depigmentation and with either Ccl22 or
empty vector (EV). A spontaneously depigmenting mouse model, h3TA2, was vaccinated with either
Ccl22 or EV. Depigmentation was measured by imaging, and the expression of Ccl22 and various cell
markers was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. C57BL/6 mice showed no significant difference in
depigmentation (n=10). Male h3TA2 mice showed significant differences in depigmentation (n=12).
Immunohistochemistry using h3TA2 tissue showed increased Ccl22, interleukin 2 receptor, alpha chain
(CD25), and chemokine receptor 4 (Ccr4) and decreased Vb12 in Ccl22-vaccinated mice (n=4) compared
to EV-vaccinated mice (n=4). The data suggest that Ccr4 cells, including Tregs, migrated to the region,
while the number of Vb12-expressing effector T cells decreased. This study suggests that Ccl22 treatment
may be an effective therapy for human vitiligo.
P04
Qualitative Assessment of Modern Dental Products
Presenter(s)
Seth Butcher, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Dean Lodding, Smiles for Life Dental
Modern dental product companies are constantly competing for your attention. Such companies have
become adept at selling their product as superior or exceptional, but give little supporting evidence. This
investigation examined several modern products, centered on consumer use for applicability, to gain some
insight on which, if any, products are actually superior to one another. The focus of this SIR was
primarily at the chemical and mechanical interactions of products such as xylitol, numerous pain killers,
and personal care products including toothpaste and mouthwash. Substantial insight on personal oral care
can be used to adjust your own dental products in order to improve dental health. While this investigation
did not produce a complete list of ideal oral healthcare products, the attributes that would compose such
items are discussed in detail. Topics to be discussed include eliminating as much pain as chemically
possible from your dental experiences, using xylitol to prevent cavities, and which products actually
provide the services they advertise. Ideally, one would be able to choose the best products for their own
dental and dietary plan, enhancing their oral health through minimal, but effective changes.
105
P05
An Assessment of the Benefits of a Spinal Surgery Simulator on the Learning and Growth of
Neurosurgical Residents
Presenter(s)
Alice Chang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Jiachen Wang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Aruna Ganju, Northwestern University
In many disciplines, the use of simulators has been shown to decrease the learning curve, increase time
efficiency, and provide a safe environment for students to learn a task. Although various medical fields
utilize simulators, in the field of neurological surgery, simulation is in its infancy. The value and benefit
of simulation has not yet been universally accepted, yet prior work suggests that simulation can increase
surgeons' skills and patient safety. A needs assessment was completed regarding the utility of a
neurosurgical simulator. In addition, a video-based tutorial of a cervical laminectomy was produced for
translation to a virtual simulator. A ten question survey regarding the use of surgical simulators was
distributed to the physicians in the Department of Neurological Surgery at Northwestern University. A 42
percent response rate was achieved. The majority of the participants agreed that the experience gained
from a surgical simulator would be applicable to neurosurgery. This suggests that neurosurgical
simulators would be beneficial in increasing surgeons' skills to provide patient safety. Further work needs
to be done to develop virtual simulators for neurosurgical use.
P06
Reducing Radiation from Diagnosing Patients with Suspected Ischemic Stroke
Presenter(s)
Ajay Chatrath, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Arun Jagannathan, Riverside Medical Center
Although computer tomography (CT) scans are useful for diagnosing illnesses, there is increasing concern
of overuse throughout the United States, resulting in unnecessary radiation exposure to patients. CT scans
performed for suspected ischemic stroke in the emergency room are especially overused, since most of
these scans are ordered in sets of three or five. Data from eighty-one patients who received magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) or a set of CT scans for suspected ischemic stroke was filtered in Excel based
on age, scan used, and scan results. There was no statistical difference between the CT cerebral vascular
accident (CVA) protocol, consisting of three CT scans, and the CT CVA advanced protocol, consisting of
five CT scans. Although CT scan results can be obtained almost immediately, MRI results take one hour
to obtain. However, MRI results were far more effective at diagnosing ischemic stroke than CT scans.
The results suggest that the CT CVA protocol can replace the CT CVA advanced protocol for patients
with serious symptoms, whereas the MRI could replace the CT CVA protocol for diagnosing patients
with minimal symptoms.
106
P07
Associations Between HIV Susceptibility and Mutations in the Vif-Associated APOBEC3G
Proteasomal Complex
Presenter(s)
Kevin Chong, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Jackson Michuda, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Sudhir Penugonda, Northwestern University
A differential advantage in responding to HIV/AIDS is associated with differences in the genetic
determinants of immunity to HIV infection. HIV presents multiple functional accessory proteins, which
interact with host machinery to improve pathogenicity. Viral infectivity factor (Vif) is well described as
protecting HIV virions from human APOBEC3G (hA3G) hypermutation via a host-derived, multiprotein
proteasomal complex. Our experiment is a genetic interrogation of the Vif-associated hA3G degradation
complex to examine the effects of host genetic polymorphisms in HIV replication and susceptibility to
infection. We have conducted a population-based study of high-risk men enrolled in a well-described
longitudinal cohort. We have used a combination of bioinformatics and genomics approaches to identify
genetic polymorphisms in genes encoding proteins involved in Vif-associated hA3G degradation. We
have exploited high-throughput, microarray-based genotyping for rapid analysis of genetic variants, and
examine associations with infection and disease progression phenotypes.
P08
A Literature-Based Study on Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Presenter(s)
Breanna Dachsteiner, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Sowmya Anjur, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Although research on the disease adolescent idiopathic scoliosis has exploded in the past ten years, very
few people know of the disease and its implications. This disorder primarily affects the body by creating
an irregular curvature of the spine. In this study, an investigation was done focusing on the disease itself,
incorporating the diagnosis, treatment, and possible causation of the irregular spinal curvature, by
analyzing scholarly research articles and informative databases. Through my research, I learned that the
Risser Grade and Adam's Bend Forward test are primarily used to diagnose the patient. Also, I researched
the treatments for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, including bracing and spinal fusion which are the most
effective treatments for different degree of curvatures. Furthermore, although the causation of the disorder
hasn't been found, my research also included possible originations that have been discussed in the medical
world. In conclusion, adolescent idiopathic scoliosis has gained more attention in the scientific world, but
there is still much to learn about this debilitating disease.
107
P09
Investigating Beta-Catenin and Calretinin as Possible Markers for Recurrence or Transformation
of Glioneuronal Tumors in Pediatric Patients
Presenter(s)
Sonya Dave, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Veena Rajaram, Children's Memorial Hospital
Recent studies have suggested beta-catenin and calretinin as possible markers of transformation or
recurrence of tumors in pediatric patients. In one study, mutations in beta-catenin a cytoplasmic protein,
leading to its accumulation in the nuclei and cytoplasm, were linked to increased likelihood of malignant
tumor tissue transformation. Another study found calretinin, a calcium-binding protein, in rapidly
proliferating carcinoma cells. An additional investigation suggested calretinin mRNA as a marker in
differentiated cells. These suggest that its presence may be a marker of neoplastic transformation.
However, previous research has not been conducted to link the presence of either protein to recurrence or
transformation of glioneuronal tumors (GNTs) to malignant form. Our study compared beta-catenin and
calretinin expression on thirty-four pediatric samples of various GNTs, including gangliogliomas,
dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors, and desmoplastic infantile gangliogliomas. Mann-Whitney
analyses found no statistically significant difference between the expression patterns of these markers in
tumors with or without transformation or recurrences (p>.05, 95% degree of certainty required). These
results bring focus to and provide a better understanding of potential markers and characteristics of GNTs.
In addition, these findings may pave the way for future studies investigating GNTs.
108
P10
Institutional Review Board Unanticipated Problems Involving Risks to Subjects or Others Reports
Lack Sufficient Information to Determine Causality
Presenter(s)
Annie Guo, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Steven Belknap, Northwestern University
Debra Gibson Tice, Northwestern University
Dennis West, Northwestern University
Unanticipated problems involving risks to subjects or others (UPIRSOs) are federally mandated to be
reported to the Institutional Review Board (IRB). However, an investigator's determination of causality is
not typically confirmed using a validated causality assessment method. The objective of this study is to
determine whether UPIRSO reports include adequate information for causality assessment using the
Naranjo algorithm, a validated causality assessor. The items of the ten question Naranjo algorithm
estimate the chance of the event being an adverse drug event within four different categories: highly
probable (score >8), probable (score of 5-8), possible (score of 1-4), and doubtful (score <1). We
assessed 125 de-identified reports for causality based on the Naranjo algorithm, and the principal
investigator’s (PI) and sponsor's assessment of causality. Our results showed that UPIRSO reports
answered a median of 2/10 Naranjo questions. Of the UPIRSO reports, 83/125 (66.4%) did not provide a
PI's assessment and 40/125 (32%) did not provide a sponsor's assessment. The mean calculated Naranjo
score was 2.8 (range of 1-7). Our results show that causality determination by the IRB, PI, and sponsor all
lack sufficient detail to assess causality a majority of the time. Knowing the adequacy of information
reported to the IRB could shorten delays in safety information with drugs and advance the protection of
human subjects by providing accurate determinations of drug causality.
P11
Comparison in the Need for Resuscitation in Spontaneous Vaginal Births Versus Cesarean Sections
Presenter(s)
Rachel Hermes, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Richard Kampanatkosol, Loyola University
Jonathan Muraskas, Loyola University
Currently, the incidence of resuscitation is expected to be higher in routine Cesarean deliveries versus
routine vaginal deliveries. This study reviews the incidence of resuscitation required for infants born at
greater than 37 weeks gestation, delivered by spontaneous vaginal delivery versus routine Cesarean
section, to determine the necessity of a high-risk delivery team at routine Cesarean sections. There will be
a retrospective chart review of all infants born at greater than 37 weeks gestation at Loyola University
Medical Center from 2008-2011. APGAR scores and the number of resuscitations were analyzed for each
mode of delivery. There are 2,503 recorded infants that were born between 2008 and 2011. Of these, 892
were born via Cesarean section and 1,638 were born via vaginal birth. The incidences of resuscitation still
need to be determined. In review of this data, we hope to find that the incidence of resuscitation in term
Cesarean sections is no greater than vaginal births. As a result, they would make attendance of routine
Cesarean sections by a high risk team unnecessary, making a significant difference towards the cost of
health care.
109
P12
Exploring the Relationship Between Metabolic Acid-Base Status and the Number of Apnea,
Bradycardia, and Desaturation Alarms in Infants 27-32 Weeks Gestation in the First Two Weeks of
Life
Presenter(s)
Rae Hohle, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Aditi Warhekar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Patricia Hummel, Loyola University
Apnea of prematurity and metabolic acidosis are common in preterm neonates. Metabolic acidosis is
commonly corrected, but it is unknown to what degree it should be and whether doing so would affect the
severity of apnea, bradycardia, and desaturation alarms. In order to determine whether a relationship
between metabolic acid-base status and apnea of prematurity in infants 27-32 weeks gestation in the first
two weeks of age for infants born in 2010 existed, charts of thirty-eight babies born at Loyola University
Medical Center were reviewed for pH, PCO2, bicarbonate, base excess/base deficit, and sodium
bicarbonate levels, as well as bradycardia, apnea, and desaturation alarms, each for the first fourteen days
of life. Using this data, a correlation was run, with the intent of finding a possible connection between
these factors. Significantly positive correlations were found between bicarbonate levels and desaturation
alarms and total number of alarms. A significantly negative correlation was found between pH and
bradycardia alarms. These correlations support the hypothesis that there is a relationship between acidbase
status and the number of monitor alarms. However, before reaching a conclusion, more in-depth and
detailed studies should be conducted.
P13
The Stimulatory Effect of Atractylodiol on the Spontaneous Contractility of Rat Distal Colon
Presenter(s)
Eun Ji Jeong, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
KyuYong Jung, Wonkwang University
The effect of atractylodiol (ATD), a main component in Atractylodes japonica, is traditionally used for
improving the declined gastrointestinal motility on the spontaneous contractility of rat distal colon, and
was examined using an isometric transducer. In a cumulative dose-response of ATD in the rat distal
colon, both the amplitude and tension of longitudinal smooth muscle of the distal colon had significantly
increased whereas only the amplitude of the circular smooth muscle increased significantly. Under
constant molarity of ATD (10-6M), the longitudinal muscle contractility gradually increased for 90
minutes. Even with L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester, a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, the amplitude
of ATD-induced longitudinal muscle contractility increased significantly (p<0.05). However, S-nitroso-
N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine, a NO donor, decreased both the amplitude and tension of ATD-induced
longitudinal muscle contractility significantly (p<0.01). Similarly, adenosine 5'-[beta-thio] diphosphate, a
selective P2Y receptor agonist, significantly attenuated both the amplitude and tension. These data
suggest that ATD plays an important role in contractility of rat distal colon. Further studies should test
whether ATD affects the contractility of intestine greater than diacetyl-atractylodiol.
110
P14
Defining the Sleep and Cardio-Metabolic Phenotypes of Individuals with Age-Related Insomnia
Presenter(s)
Vignessh Kumar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Hrayr Attarian, Northwestern University
Roneil Malkani, Northwestern University
Kathryn Reid, Northwestern University
Chronic sleep disturbance is reported by nearly 50% of the elderly population, and insomnia is more
prevalent and severe in older adults as compared to other age groups. Although all types of insomnia
increase with age, sleep maintenance insomnia and early morning awakening are particularly common.
The overall aim is to define the sleep and cardio-metabolic phenotypes of individuals with the most
common types of age-related insomnia (such as sleep maintenance insomnia, sleep-initiation insomnia,
and early morning awakening insomnia). Objective and self-reported measures of sleep and metabolic
function were assessed in older adults with insomnia and compared to age, gender, race, and body-mass
index matched controls without insomnia. These measures were quantified using data such as blood
pressure, glucose and insulin levels, dyslipidemia, inflammation markers, and time and quality spent
sleeping during certain key stages of sleep. Patients with insomnia and controls without insomnia were
brought in from the Chicago Heart Association. Initial data has shown a lower quality of sleep and higher
cardio-metabolic phenotypes based on increased blood pressure, insulin levels, dyslipidemia, and
inflammation markers and a lower time and quality of sleep, based on sleep fragmentation, total sleep
time, and rapid eye movement sleep time. However, more patients must be tested to confirm result
accuracy.
111
P15
Thymoquinone Inhibits Cigarette Smoke Extract Induced Invasiveness of Cultured Cervical
Cancer Cells
Presenter(s)
Shelly Li, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Kenneth Alexander, University of Chicago
Previous experiments in the Alexander Lab showed that cigarette smoke extract (CSE) upregulates the
protein complex NF-κB. NF-κB stabilizes the E6 oncogene, which in turn drives the degradation of the
p53 tumor suppressor. We hypothesized that CSE-mediated activation of NF-κB will lead to increased
invasiveness of cancer cells in a standard invasion assay, and that the increase in invasiveness is mediated
at least in part through the effects of E6-mediated reductions in expression of the p53 tumor suppressor.
We also hypothesized that pharmacologic modulation of NF-κB activity can be used to decrease cell
invasiveness through interference with the activation of NF-κB. SiHa cells were treated with different
doses of CSE and their invasiveness in the BioCoatTM MatrigelTM invasion chamber was assessed. To
modulate NF-κB, thymoquinone, a known inhibitor of NF-κB activation, was added to the cultured cancer
cells in the presence and absence of CSE. The results showed that the CSE levels of 0.5% and 0.3%
increased invasiveness of cancer cells and that this effect was inhibited by thymoquinone. We also found
that p53 expression was essential for the thymoquinone-mediated reduction in cell invasion. These results
supported our hypothesis that CSE-induced cancer cell invasiveness is mediated by NF-κB and by an
increase in p53 expression. Our data also suggests that inhibition of NF-κB activation could be used
therapeutically to prevent cigarette smoke related cancer.
P16
Effect of Laser Photocoagulation Therapy on the General Morphology of Mouse Retina
Presenter(s)
Xiaoyu Li, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Xiaorong Liu, Northwestern University
To test possible treatments for glaucoma, a consistent animal model is needed that simulates the damage
due to increased intraocular pressure caused by glaucoma. Translimbal laser treatment has been used to
damage the trabecular network of mice to simulate the blockage of aqueous humor, but the side effects
and unintentional damage to the retina due to the procedure have not been extensively studied. Healthy
wild type mice were euthanized using Euthasol, and then perfused with phosphate buffered saline and 4%
paraformaldehyde solution. Whole eyes were enucleated, sectioned, and stained using standard
immunostaining protocol with Pou4f1 and Pou4f2 antibodies. The slides were then imaged using an
inverted light microscope. Preliminary trials of the protocol have confirmed the expected result of the
procedure, specific staining of the retinal ganglion cells corresponding to the two antibodies. Ultimately,
this protocol will be conducted with von Willebrand's and fibroblast growth factor antibodies on both
laser treated and control mice to stain for inflammation and damage to the neural tissue.
112
P17
Characterizing Recent Patent Activity Related to Diagnostic Genetic Testing
Presenter(s)
Daniel Matthews, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Douglas Zhu, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Brandon Pierce, University of Chicago
Single Nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are variants in DNA occurring when a single nucleotide differs
from the usual DNA sequence. We have catalogued patents that protect the right to test the SNP that
causes an increased risk for developing the disease. In our investigation, we sought to catalog patents that
protect the right to test for genetic variants that have been discovered using genome-wide association
studies (GWAS). In addition to this, we also categorized patents based on factors such as ownership
(public versus private, U.S. versus international), type of disease the patent is focused on, and track the
trend of issued patents over time (number per year). We have discovered that the most common diseases
are age-related macular degeneration and myocardial infarction. Also, we found out that there are more
privately owned patents than publicly owned, and that the number of patents issued has increased every
year since 2008. Since gene patenting is very controversial, policy-makers need to be aware of the patent
activity related to genetic testing. Our research will lay the foundation for future investigations for patents
on genetic testing.
P18
Controlling the Release and Targeting Kinetics to Cancer Cells of a Folic Acid-Targeted Delivery
System
Presenter(s)
Tahir Mohideen, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Seungpyo Hong, University of Illinois at Chicago
Suhair Sunoqrot, University of Illinois at Chicago
Current chemotherapeutic drugs kill specified regions of human cells in order to destroy cancerous cells.
As a result, they can unintentionally destroy healthy cells as well. Previously, it has been shown that
several types of cancers overexpress the folic acid (FA) receptor (FR). For this reason, FA has been
employed as a tumor targeting agent in anticancer drug delivery systems. In order to improve the
targeting efficiency and release rate of drug carriers, FA was attached to polyamidoamine dendrimers,
which were then encapsulated into polyethyleneglycol–poly-L-lactic acid copolymers to produce hybrid
nanoparticles (NPs). FA-targeted NPs were tested for their targeting efficiency in FA receptor (FR)-
overexpressing KB cells using a fluorescence microscope. It is expected that the encapsulated dendrimer-
FA conjugates will show a slower rate of receptor targeting compared to the unencapsulated conjugates,
by controlling the release of the dendrimers. This will serve as a starting point for incorporating a
chemotherapeutic drug such as methotrexate into the system. Drug-containing NPs will be further tested
in terms of toxicity to cancer cells and targeting efficiency in vitro and in animals.
113
P19
Priming of Alveolar Macrophages by Lipopolysaccharides Augments Inflammatory Response
When Stimulated by Anthrax Lethal Toxin
Presenter(s)
Viveka Patel, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Irena Levitan, University of Illinois at Chicago
Johnson Thomas, University of Illinois at Chicago
Macrophages upon stimulation by anthrax lethal toxin (LeTx), a major virulent factor of B. anthracis,
secrete a pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1β (IL-1β). LeTx and lipopolysacchride (LPS) induce
activation of Kir and Kv, the two K channels expressed in mouse macrophages and blocking these
channels inhibits IL-1β release. Priming macrophages overnight with a low dose of LPS exhibits a twofold
increase in IL-1β release upon 1 hour LeTx challenge compared to unprimed macrophages. We
observed a corresponding increase in Kir/Kv activation in primed macrophages. We propose that in
primed macrophages LPS-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation plays a role in K channel
activation. Channel activation was recorded by whole cell patch-clamp and IL-1β release was measured
by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To measure ROS-induced K channel activation, cells were
exposed to H2O2 (a ROS molecule) with or without ROS scavenger manganese(III) tetrakis(1-methyl-4-
pyridyl)porphyrin (MnTmPyp). H2O2 alone stimulates K channels. Repression of ROS by MnTmPyp
inhibits K channel activation, implying ROS's function in K channel stimulation. MnTmPyp used in
combination with LPS (a ROS generator) prevented K channel activation as compared to LPS alone.
LeTx or LPS alone is sufficient to activate Kchannels and IL-1β release. We conclude that LPS-generated
ROS may be a priming method of Kchannel function and IL-1β release.
114
P20
Tumor-Associated Mastocytosis in Human Ulcerative Colitis Leading to Colon Cancer
Presenter(s)
Saieesh Rao, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Mohammad Khan, Northwestern University
Khashayarsha Khazaie, Northwestern University
Mast cells play many roles that would theoretically benefit tumor growth; they release vasodilators
(histamine) and blood anticoagulants (heparin), as well as angiogenic factors and proteases, which would
increase nutrient flow to an emergent tumor. In the case of gastrointestinal cancers, elevated mast cell
populations in the tissue have been associated with cancer growth and development. The stratification of
healthy epithelium is disrupted in dysplastic tissue, which poses the question of whether mast cells
contribute to tissue remodeling. In this study, we examined the number of mast cells in the colonic
mucosa and submucosa at multiple stages of cancer development, ranging from healthy tissue to
malignant neoplasia, by utilizing an alkaline phosphatase stain for a mast cell specific tryptase. We also
examined inflammation by performing a chloroacetate esterase protocol to detect tumor-infiltrating mast
cells as well as granulocytes. Initial analysis showed increased inflammation in dysplastic and neoplastic
tissue and a steady increase in mast cell counts that paralleled cancer progression. However,
reclassification of tissue samples has resulted in smaller sample sizes and a loss of statistical significance.
Further trials are required and ongoing to ensure the statistical significance of these results.
P21
Comparing Invasive and Non-Invasive Blood Pressure Recordings in Premature Patients Less than
Thirty Seven Weeks Gestational Age with Diagnosis of Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Presenter(s)
Brooke Ray, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Cristina Vega, Loyola University
The current belief in neonatology is that infants who have a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) will present
clinically with the classic signs of widened pulse pressure >25 mm Hg, a continuous machinery-like
systolic murmur, bounding pulses, and a prominent precordial pulse. We collected data on all premature
infants born <37 weeks gestational age at Loyola University Medical Center's Neonatal Intensive Care
Unit between the years 2008 and 2010, to analyze widened pulse pressure. A total of 299 infants were
analyzed; 164 had a PDA and 135 did not have a PDA confirmed by an echocardiogram in the first seven
days of life. All the infants had their systolic and diastolic blood pressures and pulse pressures recorded
for the first seven days of life through both invasive and non-invasive methods of blood pressure
collection. At this time, all of the data has been collected; however, a statistical analysis has not yet been
finished, leaving the result of this project unclear. The demographics also have been recorded, but an
analysis of the various components still needs to be completed. The data analysis will reveal whether or
not widened pulse pressures are a sign of PDA in premature babies.
115
P22
Role of Foxc1 and Foxc2 in Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells to Vascular Endothelial Cells
Presenter(s)
Mahendra Reddy, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Anees Fatima, Northwestern University
Tsutomu Kume, Northwestern University
Previous studies have suggested that Foxc1 and Foxc2 transcription factors play a role in cardiovascular
development. However it is not clear if these transcription factors play any role in specification and
differentiation of vascular endothelial cells. Mouse embryonic stem cells (mES) were used to establish an
in vitro model of vascular endothelial differentiation on collagen IV. Flk-1 positive cells mES cells,
which we studied for the Foxc1 and Foxc2, were sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Foxc1 and
Foxc2 were either over expressed or knockdown using siRNA oligonucleotides in Flk-1 sorted cells.
Vascular endothelial differentiation related gene expression was quantified by qPCR. In the over
expressed and knockdown samples the expression of both arterial and venous differentiation related
markers were compared. The Foxc1 knockdown showed a suppression of both EfnB2 (arterial) and
EphB4 (venous) markers, and over expression of Foxc1 showed an increased expression of EfnB2 and
EphB4. However the knockdown of Foxc2 suppressed EfnB2. The over expression of Foxc2 increased
expression of both EfnB2 and EphB4. Preliminary results of over expression and knockdown of the
Foxc1 and Foxc2 transcription factors in Flk-1 mES cells indicate that these transcription factors might
play a role in specification of vascular endothelial cells. However further investigations are necessary to
confirm these results.
P23
Characterization of Liver-Detargeted Oncolytic Adenoviruses
Presenter(s)
Ross Skelly, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Prem Seth, North Shore University Health System Research Institute
The transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) cellular pathway controls normal cell growth and
proliferation in healthy cells. In late-stage cancers, it promotes tumor progression and metastasis of the
cancerous cells to bones. While the dl01/07 mutant adenovirus used in previous experiments has inhibited
tumor progression by targeting the TGFβ pathway, body scans of mice indicate the virus also accumulates
in the liver, causing toxicity. We replaced hexon 5 in the viral DNA with hexon 48. Therefore, the
adenoviruses should not bind to factor X, a clotting agent in the blood which acts as a bridge for the
adenoviruses to accumulate in the liver. After these adenoviruses were created, Western blots,
sulforhodamine B (SRB) assays, and mouse experiments were performed to examine the effect of the new
adenoviruses on cancer cell lines and mouse livers. Western blots and SRB assays indicated that the
ability of the modified adenoviruses to inhibit tumor progression and bone metastasis were not
significantly different from the non-modified adenoviruses. Additionally, mouse experiments indicated
that modified adenoviruses did not accumulate to toxic levels in the livers of cancerous mice. Alanine
aminotransferase levels in the bloodstreams of mice confirmed that modified adenoviruses were not toxic
to mouse livers.
116
P24
The Effect of Cardiac Reoperation on Ventricular Function
Presenter(s)
Nicholas Srivastava, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jia Raman, Rush University Medical Center
In recent times, heart failure has increased its presence in our medical lives. While the instance of cardiac
surgery increases in this country to respond to this epidemic, the likelihood that a patient will undergo
multiple thoracic operations in his lifetime increases as well. The rising amount of reoperative surgeries,
especially coronary artery bypass grafting, and valve replacement surgery, has contributed to this. It is
hoped that this study helps link the risk of reoperation with postoperative physical effects as well. A body
of four-hundred cardiac patients, who received operations at Rush Medical Center during a ten year
period were chosen. Using the eResearch program of the Velos Company, they were separated by their
history of previous interventions, and the nature of these interventions. This was then compared to the
ejection fractions, which were used as a uniform measure of ventricular function. Reoperative valve
replacement has not been shown to decrease function. Understanding the potential effects of cardiac
reoperation on overall ventricular function would help guide patients and surgeons towards beneficial
decisions in both the immediate and long term future.
P25
HIV: The Trojan Horse
Presenter(s)
Adekore Taiwo, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Minh Dinh, Northwestern University
HIV is a life threatening virus of endemic proportions that destroys cells bearing the CD4 receptor.
Understanding how HIV enters the cell would allow scientists to derive an effective means to eradicate
the resulting syndrome, AIDS. This investigation studies the effectiveness through which different strains
of HIV enter the epithelia of abdominal and facial skin. Tissue samples extracted from humans were
sliced and put on a slide. The tissue was then stained using florescent antibodies which attached to CD4
T-cells, Langerhans cells, filaggrin protein, and tight junction complexes. Using an imaging microscope,
pictures were taken of isolated areas of epithelia. The cell structures and total HIV virions were counted.
This was followed by measuring the distances between the cell structures and epithelial surfaces. Results
show there is a significant difference (p=.002456) between the distances that DeltaENV virus and CCR5-
tropic virus penetrate the epithelia layer, but no significant difference in the depth of penetration into
facial and abdominal tissue (p=.14), or in the number of DeltaENV and R5-tropic virions in facial or
abdominal tissues (p=.07). These results suggest different forms of HIV are more adept at going through
tight junctions and infecting CD4 T cells.
117
P26
Modulation of Stem Cell Marker (DCAMKL1) Expression During Colon Cancer Chemoprevention
Presenter(s)
Rohan Verma, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Mart DeLa Cruz, North Shore University Health System Research Institute
Ramesh Wali, North Shore University Health System Research Institute
Mortality rate from colorectal cancers (CRC) remains high despite advances in screening and
chemoprevention. Stem cells are now recognized as the precursors to a majority of CRCs and the stem
cell protein doublecortin and calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase-like1 (DCAMKL1) has
emerged as a biomarker for CRC initiation and progression. Whether DCAMKL1 is appropriate for
evaluating CRC chemoprevention is not known. Our studies were undertaken to investigate modulation of
DCAMKL1 expression by chemopreventative agents such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) and sulindac.
We utilized polyposis in rat (PIRC) colon as a model for familial CRC in which rats were fed AIN-76A
high fat diet to accelerate tumor progression. Control and PIRC rat diets were supplemented with either
sulindac (320 ppm) or with PEG-6000 (10%) for twelve weeks. DCAMKL1 expression was examined in
rat colons by immunohistochemistry or Western blotting. Results demonstrated an increase in
DCAMKL1 immunostaining in colonic crypts of PIRC rats compared to control and a reduction in
staining by both PEG and sulindac. Similarly, in cell culture, colon cancer cell line HCT-116 showed a
reduced expression of DCAMKL1 with both sulindac and PEG. These novel findings present DCAMKL1
as suitable biomarker for assessing the efficacy of chemopreventative agents for CRC.
118
P27
More Factors Influencing Successful Weaning from Caffeine and Outcomes of Infants Who Failed
Weaning From Caffeine
Presenter(s)
Rheanna Vimawala, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Patricia Hummel, Loyola University
Christine Sajous, Loyola University
Apnea of prematurity is a major concern for neonates born before 34 weeks of gestation. The magnitude
of this problem led to the development and usage of caffeine on premature babies. Usually physicians try
to wean babies from caffeine at around 34 weeks of gestation, however the infants do not always wean
successfully. Last year another IMSA student examined the same population and analyzed whether
gender, birth weight, and race influenced weaning from caffeine. Furthering this study this year we
looked at the effect of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), and necrotizing
enterocolitis (NEC) on weaning from caffeine and if failing to wean is a predictor of long term problems.
To conduct this investigation, data of infants born between August 15, 2006 and August 15, 2010 from
the Loyola Neonatal Intensive Care Unit database was compiled. Additionally, babies who failed to wean
were matched by birth weight and gender to babies that successfully weaned from caffeine and outpatient
clinic data was collected at eight to thirteen months adjusted age for each of the individually matched
babies. There was no significant correlation found between neonates who had IVH, PDA or NEC and
failed weaning from caffeine and the ones who weaned. The second part of this study which looks at
whether failing to wean from caffeine is a predictor of long-term disability is ongoing. This information
can help neonatologists predict the significance of failing to wean from caffeine at 34-35 weeks.
P28
Effects of Fatty Acids on Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Presenter(s)
Yifu Zhang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Paul Grippo, Northwestern University
Omega-3 and omega-6 are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that have positive effects on the body in
comparison to saturated fats. Omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 fa) have been used to maintain heart health, but
recently, it is becoming a use for pancreas cancer prevention. One method that is used to study this is the
use of cell culture, which helps determine whether or not the effects of fatty acids on pancreas cells are
caused by secreted factors. When metabolized, PUFAS can be turned into prostaglandins, a type of
eicosanoid, which can be secreted out of a cell. An oncogene called Kras, which is a model of early
cancer, has been engineered into two human pancreas cell lines. Human pancreatic nestin expressing
(HPNE) cells, human pancreatic ductal epithelial (HPDE) cells, HPNE-Kras, and HPDE-Kras have been
treated with PUFAs. After their initial responses to the PUFAS, the media was swapped with fresh media.
A Western blot was then run on the proteins from the fresh media to find the level of pAkt, a factor that
favors cell growth. pAkt levels were found to be decreased from ω-3 fa treated media, which proves that
ω-3 fa indicts a secreted factor in the cells.
119
Q01
Measuring Cerebrovascular Reactivity in Patients With and Without Brain Disorders
Presenter(s)
Megan Bacani, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Dhruv Patel, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jennie Chen, Northwestern University
Todd Parrish, Northwestern University
Xue Wang, Northwestern University
The brain consists of a network of neurons, which requires a cerebrovascular system that provides
necessary nutrients to function properly. Changes in this cerebrovascular response can be measured by
taking images of the brain with blood oxygenated level-dependent functional MRI (BOLD fMRI). In this
study, patients with and without brain disorders were given cued breathing instructions including fifteensecond
breath holds, while being scanned in an MRI machine. Breath holding causes an increase in the
amount of carbon dioxide in the blood, causing a strong temporary BOLD signal increase. Scans were
sorted through MATLAB and analyzed in BrainVoyager by measuring signal changes. Thirteen patients
with arteriovenous malformation, epilepsy, tumors, stroke, or without diseases were tested and
cerebrovascular maps were created. Results show that changes in BOLD signals and cerebrovascular
reactivity are dependent on the disease that the patient has. This investigation can potentially determine
the effect of various brain disorders and their effects on cerebrovascular reactivity. This method can be
used to verify if treatments are affecting the vascular system. Furthermore, they can be used to verify that
patients are capable of generating a blood flow response that can be detected by functional MRI.
120
Q02
Correlation of Hippocampal Asymmetric Index and Nonverbal Memory Performance for Primary
Progressive Aphasia Patients
Presenter(s)
Ashley Chong, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Emily Rogalski, Northwestern University
Lei Wang, Northwestern University
Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) patients experience a decline in language functions and atrophy in the
language network and left hippocampus which is important for memory. However, it is unclear if atrophy
in the hippocampus of PPA patients is related to memory performance. For that reason, we calculated
hippocampal asymmetric index (AI) [(RH-LH)/(RH+LH)] to see if it correlated with performance on the
immediate or delayed nonverbal memory subtests of the Weschler Memory Scale III. To compare the
magnetic resonance images (MRI) accurately, the left and right hippocampi were manually edited because
the MRI brain imaging software Freesurfer overestimates hippocampal volume. Inter-rater reliability was
established: controls (overlap mean=LH: 88.42%; RH: 88.87%) and patients (overlap mean=LH: 87.34%;
RH: 92.31%). Then, a Pearson Correlation was run between the memory test performance (immediate and
delay) and AI for four groups (control, PPA, PPA-L, and PPA-G) using the statistical analysis program
SPSS. In terms of AI and memory scores, there was no significant correlation within any of the groups
(p≤0.001, for both). Immediate and delay scores correlated in the control and patient groups. Therefore
the data suggests that no conclusions can be made between the asymmetry of hippocampus and nonverbal
memory performance.
Q03
Laboratory Techniques for Studying Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Presenter(s)
Zi-Ning Choo, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Ted Li, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Pembe Hande Ozdinler, Northwestern University
This investigation involved understanding laboratory techniques with the aim of applying these
experimental procedures to studying the role of alternative splicing in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(ALS). Laboratory techniques included tissue sectioning, immunohistochemistry, DNA isolation,
polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and gel electrophoresis. The purpose of sectioning tissue is to prepare
samples for immunohistochemistry, during which proteins are labeled with antibodies so that they can be
visualized through light microscopy. DNA isolation, PCR, and gel electrophoresis are involved in
genotyping the mice used in these experiments. This lab used the transgenic SOD1 G93A mouse to model
the motor neuron degeneration that characterizes ALS. DNA was isolated from tail samples of the mice.
The DNA was then amplified through PCR and pieces of different lengths were separated through
electrophoresis. The location of the DNA on the gel revealed whether the mutated human SOD1 gene was
present. We learned through this investigation that understanding methodology is a crucial component of
research because it allows for the collection of relevant data and the replication of experimental
procedures by other researchers.
121
Q04
Aberrant Alternative Splicing in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Presenter(s)
Zi-Ning Choo, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Ted Li, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Areen Pitaktong, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Pembe Hande Ozdinler, Northwestern University
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by the death of motor neurons and the loss of
voluntary movement. RNA editing and alternative splicing defects have been implicated as potential
mechanisms for motor neuron vulnerability. Alternative splicing refers to the retention of different
combinations of exons during RNA splicing, resulting in the generation of different splice variants. The
relationship between aberrant alternative splicing and ALS was studied through exon array analyses.
These analyses measure the expression levels of exons in the mRNA transcript and were collected from
corticospinal motor neurons (CSMN), which degenerate in ALS, and colossal projection neurons (CPN),
which do not. Several genes with different alternative splicing patterns between CSMN and CPN were
found. The alternative splicing of these genes will now be verified via reverse transcription-polymerase
chain reaction and immnunohistochemistry. The discovery of alternatively spliced genes is significant
because it can contribute to the development of an early detection marker for ALS and serve as a target
for gene therapy.
Q05
Investigation of Language Networks Using fMRI with Auditory and Visual Stimuli
Presenter(s)
Mary Do, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Todd Parrish, Northwestern University
Xue Wang, Northwestern University
As one of the most important human functions, language is the object of much research and
experimentation which frequently utilizes a method called functional magnetic resonance imaging
(fMRI). Functional MRI indicates areas of activation in the brain and therefore assists in showing how the
brain is responsible for language. In this investigation, fMRI was used to show how the language
networks in the brain are affected by visual and auditory stimuli during a synonyms task. In the auditory
synonyms task, the subjects listened to pairs of words or pairs of tones and decided whether the words
were synonyms or whether the tones were the same. In the visual synonyms task, the subjects saw pairs of
words or pairs of letter strings on a projector and decided whether the words were synonyms or whether
the letter strings were the same. The fMRI results of this study indicated that the auditory task activated
more areas of the language networks in the brain than the visual task did. They suggested that it would be
more efficient to use the auditory task than the visual task in presurgical mapping of the language
networks in the brain.
122
Q06
Water Diffusion as an Effective Biomarker to Evaluate Efficacy of Brain Treatment Performance
Presenter(s)
Mary Do, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Joan Shang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jennie Chen, Northwestern University
Todd Parrish, Northwestern University
Xue Wang, Northwestern University
At any given time, over five million patients are diagnosed with brain diseases nationwide, and the
treatments they undergo are often ineffective with harmful side effects. The orthodox method for
evaluating a treatment's efficacy usually requires several months, so we propose using diffusion MRI
(dMRI) to reduce the evaluation time. Using MATLAB software, we calculated patients' apparent
diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, an indicator of brain damage, over the course of their treatment. We
referenced their clinical data to assess the predictive ability of changes in ADC values. The graphs of
changing ADC values corresponded well with the patient's clinical history and treatment. Increasing ADC
values, which indicate damage inflicted on the brain, matched clinical records that suggested disease
progression. Decreasing values, which indicate brain recovery, matched with records showing effective
treatments. This correlation suggested that water diffusion has a reliable quantitative predictive ability.
Therefore, diffusion MRI is recommended in determining the efficacy of different treatments against
brain diseases. It would reduce the evaluation time, allowing a treatment plan to be changed in a timely
manner. However, additional data is necessary to validate this conclusion.
123
Q07
Using Hippocampal Structure to Differentiate Between Mild Cognitive Impairment Types
Presenter(s)
Dominic Gentile, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Previn Kumar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Kate Alpert, Northwestern University
Adam Christensen, Northwestern University
Lei Wang, Northwestern University
About 15%-20% of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients have shown to eventually
progress to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies have indicated that there is a difference in hippocampal
structure between AD patients and cognitively normal healthy elderly individuals. We used a Matlab
program to analyze brain scans from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative by using principal
components analysis to compute shape scores of the hippocampal CA1 and subiculum subfields. After the
brain scans had been analyzed, multivariable ANOVA (MANOVA) was used to compare the volumes of
the hippocampus and its subfield shape scores between control patients, MCI patients, and AD patients.
The MANOVA tests found a significant difference between the volumes of the control and MCI
hippocampus, the MCI and the AD hippocampus, and the control and the AD hippocampus. A significant
difference in the structure of the entire hippocampus among the three groups was also found. Within the
CA1 and subiculum subfields, a significant difference was found in the structure between all three groups.
These data show that the structure of the CA1, subiculum, and entire hippocampus in AD patients and
MCI patients are significantly different and furthermore, more significantly different than the overall
volumes.
124
Q08
The Effects of Methamphetamine and Dopamine Receptor Antagonists on the Neurovasculature
Presenter(s)
Brinda Gupta, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Paul Carvey, Rush University Medical Center
Bill Hendey, Rush University Medical Center
The exact mechanism(s) of methamphetamine (meth)-induced neurotoxicity is unknown. Neurovascular
changes have been identified to induce toxicity with meth use, and clinical studies report reductions in
regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the striatum of detoxified meth abusers. Meth increases dopamine
(DA), a known vasoregulator. Dopamine activity at the D2 receptor produces vasoconstriction and D1
receptor activation produces vasodilation. We hypothesized that D2 receptor antagonist pretreatment
(L741,626) would attenuate meth-induced hypoperfusion while pretreatment with a D1 receptor
antagonist (SCH23390) would have no effect. Rats were treated with one of two doses of SCH22390 or
L741,626 30 minutes prior to meth (2.5 mg/kg intraperitoneal) and perfused with FITC-LA or microfil-
MV, vascular markers. L741,626 pretreatment produced normal FITC-LA perfusion, attenuating methinduced
striatal hypoperfusion. Micro-computed tomography (μCT) analysis revealed that L741,626
pretreatment increased the vascular volume ratio, vascular number, and vessel thickness in the striatum
compared to meth treatment alone. SCH23390 did not produce normal striatal FITC-LA perfusion and
appeared to increase μCT measurements of vascular volume ratio and vascular number at the higher dose
(0.5 mg/kg). Selective and persistent reductions in the rCBF in the striatum, potentially mediated by DA
receptors, may contribute to the selectivity of the neurotoxic effects of meth in this brain region.
Q09
Moderate Ethanol Preconditioning Induction of Heat Shock Protein 70 in Non-Primary Neuronal
Cell Lines and its Correlation to Neuroprotection
Presenter(s)
Grant Herrman, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Michael Collins, Loyola University
Donald Dosch, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
There is no question that chronic alcohol (ethanol) abuse causes neuronal dysfunction and brain damage;
however, low or moderate ethanol concentrations (10-30 mM) have been demonstrated to exert protective
effects in in vivo models. Recently, various studies have indicated that light/moderate alcohol consumers
have lower risks of age-dependent cognitive decline and/or dementia, including Alzheimer's disease
(AD), in comparison to abstainers. This experiment posits that the aforementioned reduced risk of
cognitive decline is a result of the ethanol preconditioning phenomena observed in brain glia and neurons.
To mimic this effect, the neuronal cell line PC-12 was subjected to moderate ethanol preconditioning
(MEP) of 10-30 mM ethanol, which was shown to prevent simulated neurodegeneration due to β-
amyloid, an important protein implicated in AD. In addition, upon applying MEP, it was found that onset
of neuroprotection correlates temporally with elevations in effector heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). This,
and other previous research, suggests that HSP70 plays a role in neuroprotection and could be a possible
mechanism for the therapeutic effect that MEP could potentially provide for AD patients.
125
Q10
Vasogenic Edema as a Mechanism of Transgenic Human Antigen R-Mediated Increase in Ischemic
Lesion Size in a Mouse Stroke Model
Presenter(s)
Kevin Hong, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Agnieszka Ardelt, University of Chicago
Randall Carpenter, University of Chicago
The regulatory protein human antigen R (HuR) has been shown to stabilize mRNA in the brain during an
injury. It was previously hypothesized that over expressing HuR in astrocytes would decrease lesion size
by promoting proteins for neurorepair. However, transgenic expression of HuR in astrocytes has been
shown to increase ischemic lesion sizes. This investigation looked at the possibility that HuR increases
the concentration of the proteins matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) and vascular endothelial growth
factor (VEGF). MMP-9 degrades the extracellular matrix, and VEGF causes vascular permeability. These
effects would weaken blood brain barriers prior to angiogenesis, causing increased vasogenic edema in
the brain, which would be responsible for the larger lesion sizes. Wild type (WT) and transgenic (Tg)
male and female mice were given strokes and euthanized 24 hours or 72 hours later. The presence of tight
junctions, indicating mature blood brain barriers, was investigated by staining for the protein zona
occulden-1; no quantitative difference were observed between WT and Tg animals. Tissue sections were
immunofluorescently stained for VEGF and MMP-9, but results were inconclusive due to high
background. Brains were also analyzed with Western Blots to quantify the protein levels. Finally, Evans
blue was used to directly quantify vasogenic edema.
Q11
Identifying Interesting Genes that Show Differences in Healthy and Diseased Amyotrophic Lateral
Sclerosis Transgenic Mice at Different Stages of Disease Progression
Presenter(s)
Lakshmi Katta, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Maura Slattery, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Pembe Hande Ozdinler, Northwestern University
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that impairs communication between
the brain and a person's voluntary movements. Alternative splicing is thought to have a significant role in
the neuronal death in ALS patients. To investigate that role further, we researched the different types of
gene expression that may be related to the disease. We sorted through microarray data of thousands of
different genes found in the corticospinal motor neurons (CSMN) and colossal projection neurons (CPN),
searching for ones with an expression that indicated a link to ALS in wild type, SOD1, and UCHL-1
transgenic mice. The genes were classified based on expression pattern of their exons. In the future,
knockout mice will be used to see if the identified genes are the mechanisms behind the neuronal
degradation. We hope to find the relation with gene expression and disease progression.
126
Q12
Clustering Depressive Symptoms in Aging: Group Differences and White Matter Correlates
Presenter(s)
Kathryn Kim, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Mailynn Grajewski, University of Illinois at Chicago
Laura Korthauer, University of Illinois at Chicago
Melissa Lamar, University of Illinois at Chicago
Symptoms of depression are different in older adults than in younger adults. Adults affected by late life
depression (LLD) have a higher amount of white matter lesions than their younger counterparts. The
purpose of this study is to find relations between clusters of LLD symptoms and white matter
hyperintensity (WMH) volumes. There were sixty-three healthy controls and thrity-two LLDs diagnosed
by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders (SCID) and Hamilton Rating Scale for
Depression (HAM-D) by trained psychiatrists. We clustered the Center of Epidemiologic Studies
Depression Scale (CES-D) scores according to three groups: physical/cognitive symptom, affective
symptoms, and psychosocial symptoms. The between group analyses, as expected, showed that the LLD
group had more depressive symptoms than the healthy controls regardless of category. The within group
analyses showed that within the LLD group, physical/cognitive and affective symptoms were more
prominent than psychosocial symptoms. For the healthy controls, the physical/cognitive symptoms were
more prominent than both the affective and psychosocial symptoms albeit at nondepressed levels. Despite
different patterns of symptoms, there was no association to WMH in either the healthy control or LLD
groups. The results could be used to diagnose/treat adults with LLD based on the symptom profiles that
they show.
127
Q13
Mouse Model for the Study of Axonal Degeneration in Huntington's Disease
Presenter(s)
Sooyeon Kim, University of Illinois at Chicago
Sidra Salman, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Rodolfo Gatto, University of Illinois at Chicago
Gerardo Morfini, University of Illinois at Chicago
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by abnormal elongation of a
polymorphic polyglutamine (polyQ) tract in the Huntingtin protein (Htt). The motor and cognitive effects
associated with HD involve deficits in corticostriatal connectivity. However, molecular mechanisms
causing synaptic and axonal dysfunction remain unknown. A large body of experimental precedents led
us to hypothesize that axonal degeneration in HD results from the abnormal activation of the cJun aminoterminal
kinase (JNK) pathways. To further investigate this claim, we set out to establish an animal model
of HD that facilitates the visualization of axons and the quantifications of axonal degeneration. To this
end, a well-characterized HD mouse model (R6/2 mice) expressing mutant Htt (PolyQ-Htt) was bred with
transgenic mice expressing yellow fluorescent protein (Thy1-YFP mice). Littermates from this cross were
genotyped and the coronal brain sections were analyzed at 30 days, 60 days, and 90 days, using
fluorescent microscopy. Images of the corpus callosum were obtained and the amount of fluorescence
was quantified to measure the extent of neuronal loss. Axonal degeneration progressively worsened from
30 to 90 days in mice expressing polyQ-Htt, compared to wild type Huntington littermates (p <0.001).
Our work will help evaluate molecular mechanisms underlying axonal degeneration in HD, including the
role of the JNK pathway.
128
Q14
IL-10 Expression Surrounding Neuromuscular Junctions in the mSOD1 Mouse Model of ALS
Presenter(s)
Rahul Maheshwari, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Sarah Martin, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Nichole Mesnard, University of Illinois at Chicago
Julie Rowin, University of Illinois at Chicago
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motor neuron degenerative disease characterized by upper
and lower motor neuron cell death. Transgenic mSOD1 mice are the representative mouse model for
ALS, and develop comparable disease pathology to ALS patients. A series of responses, collectively
known as Wallerian degeneration (WD), occur after an injury to a non-ALS motor axon. In WD, activated
Schwann cells become activated, shut off IL-10 secretion, and have increased TNFα secretion, which
recruits phagocytic macrophages into the damaged area to assist with clearing axonal debris. Successful
WD allows regenerating axons to reinnervate motor end plates. Our hypothesis is that a response similar
to WD occurs in mSOD1 ALS mice, and involves dysregulated activated Schwann cells and phagocytic
macrophages. Wild type and mSOD1 mice gastrocnemius muscle tissue at ten weeks of age were
examined for IL-10 expression. Protein expression patterns and concentration levels were examined using
immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. Our
immunohistochemistry results demonstrate below detectable IL-10 expression levels around mSOD1
gastrocnemius neuromuscular junctions compared to wild-type. The preliminary results could potentially
indicate that a proinflammatory microenvironment surrounds neuromuscular junctions involving activated
Schwann cells and phagocytic macrophages.
129
Q15
Tumor Necrosis Factor α Expression Surrounding Neuromuscular Junctions in the mSOD1 Mouse
Model of ALS
Presenter(s)
Rahul Maheshwari, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Sarah Martin, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Nichole Mesnard, University of Illinois at Chicago
Julie Rowin, University of Illinois at Chicago
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motor neuron degenerative disease. The transgenic mSOD1
mouse model over expresses the human mutant SOD1 gene, similar to a portion of familial ALS patients,
and exhibits pathological characteristics of ALS. In ALS, axonal withdrawal from target musculature
precedes motor neuron cell death. Wallerian degeneration is a response involving activated Schwann cells
and phagocytic macrophages around degenerating motor axons, which is mediated by a tightly regulated
balance of TNFα, pro-inflammatory cytokine, and IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine. We proposed
that the axonal withdrawal in ALS may cause or be due to proinflammatory Wallerian degeneration
activity surrounding ALS neuromuscular junctions. The objective of this investigation was to compare
TNFα protein expression surrounding neuromuscular junctions in gastrocnemius muscle from mSOD1
mice to wild type. Immunohistochemistry and ELISA were used to detect protein expression patterns and
protein concentration levels of TNFα on gastrocnemius muscle tissue of mSOD1mice at ten weeks of age.
Using immunohistochemistry, we observed below detectable levels of TNF-α expression in wild-type
gastrocnemius tissue, where as higher levels were seen in mSOD1 gastrocnemius muscle. Our
preliminary results indicate that Schwann cells and macrophages are creating a proinflammatory
microenvironment surrounding pre-symptomatic mSOD1 neuromuscular junctions.
130
Q16
Acute Seizure-Induced Microglia Activation in the Hippocampus of Postnatal Day 14 Mice
Presenter(s)
Bindi Patel, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Patricia Fox, Children’s Memorial Research Center
Sookyong Koh, Children’s Memorial Research Center
Lauren Mlsna, Children’s Memorial Research Center
Our laboratory studies the role of innate immunity in childhood epilepsy. Microglia, resident immune
cells of the central nervous system, are strongly activated by prolonged seizures. We used Cx3cr1GFP
mice, whose parenchymal microglia are fluorescently labeled, to quantify the amount of microglia
activation in the hippocampus at one, three, and five days following prolonged seizures in two different
seizure models. One was a febrile seizure model where a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection was followed
by hypothermia-induced seizures (30 min). The other one was LPS followed by kainic acid (KA)-induced
stastus epilepticus (over 30 min long seizures). The brains were fixed in formaldehyde and sucrose
solution so they could be properly sliced and mounted. The microglia activation was observed and
captured as images at the intervals of interest. Through analysis of the images, it was found that the
microglia activation in the LPS hypothermia seizures was noted at one day, but not in three days while the
activation in the LPS KA persisted at one and three days to return to baseline at five days. Our results
suggest that persistent microglia activation is related to duration of induced seizures. Our time course
experiments will be helpful in designing future experiments exploring therapeutic efficacy of maternal
care and environmental enrichment to reduce seizure-induced microglia activation.
Q17
Immunohistochemical Localization of Hyperpolarization-Activated and Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated
Nonselective Cation Channels (HCN1-4) in the Mouse Brain
Presenter(s)
Shivani Patel, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Dane Chetkovich, Northwestern University
Hyperpolarization-activated cation currents (Ih), which contribute to pacemaker activity as well as many
other functions in the brain and heart, are generated by hyperpolarization-activated and cyclic nucleotidegated
nonselective cation channels (HCN1-4). In order to determine the distribution of Ih in the mouse
brain, immunohistochemistry was performed to locate the HCN channels. HCN1-4 wild type mice were
used in addition to knockout mice, which served as a negative control. Results from
immunohistochemistry indicate that HCN1 is distributed in the hippocampus and HCN2 in the
hippocampus and cerebellum. Knockout mice, as expected, did not reveal HCN1 or HCN2. These results
coincide with previous studies on the distribution of HCN channels. Current studies and experiments
being done include more specific antibodies and will reveal the true location of all four HCN channels,
strengthening previous studies. The knowledge of the distribution of HCN channels gained from this
study will assist future scientists in creating drugs for epilepsy since Ih currents and HCN channels
become downregulated in patients with this disease.
131
Q18
Measuring Hemodynamic Response Function in Patients and Healthy Controls
Presenter(s)
Tonu Pius, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jennie Chen, Northwestern University
Todd Parrish, Northwestern University
Xue Wang, Northwestern University
The hemodynamic response function (HRF) is a response in blood flow after neuronal activation. It is
predicted that the HRF would show a local delay or amplitude change in patients that have a tumor, a
stroke, epilepsy, or an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) causing a temporary blood physiology change
in the brain. In order to determine the effects of a cerebrovascular disease on the HRF, control subjects
and patients were scanned in an function magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) machine while performing
a movement task; the individuals were asked to move their fingers rapidly in order to trigger the HRF. It
was predicted that with the presence of a cerebrovascular disease the HRF will be delayed 5-6 seconds.
The data collected from the fMRI was then processed in BrainVoyager into a three-dimensional model by
overlaying the maps onto a structural scan; this model included the blood physiology change of the brain
correlated with the movement task. The normalized data showed that the delay in the HRF varied in
patients and healthy controls depending on the type of cerebrovascular disease. Although this study
confirmed that the HRF changes with different diseases, a study including more subjects would be needed
to validate these statements.
Q19
Characterization of Neuronal Human Antigen-R Protein Expression
Presenter(s)
Abhinav Reddy, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Agnieszka Ardelt, University of Chicago
Randall Carpenter, University of Chicago
During ischemic stroke, a lack of blood flow leads to the deterioration of brain tissue and in effect bodily
functions. Certain mRNA binding proteins, such as HuR, are hypothesized to be integral during and after
ischemic stroke in neuroprotective and neuroreparative mechanisms. We hypothesized that transgenic
expression of the HuR protein in neurons would lead to a decrease in ischemic lesion size and in turn a
decrease in loss of functionality. Characterization of HuR expression was achieved through
immunoflourescent staining for both endogenous and transgenic HuR protein in neurons. Hematoxylin
and eosin (H&E) staining was used to identify lesion size and characterize the effects of transgenic HuR
expression. Immunoflourescent staining showed that 95% of neurons in female mice and 90% in male
mice were expressing transgenic HuR (including perilesional regions). The H&E staining showed that 24
hours after ischemia reperfusion the percent lesion size in transgenic females was larger than wild type
females: 46.5% ± 1.3% (n=3) versus 32.9% ± 13.8% (n=10), respectively, with a p-value of 0.0164 (ttest).
This data shows that the transgenic expression of HuR in neurons leads to an increase in ischemic
lesion size, and therefore is ineffective in preventing brain tissue loss.
132
Q20
Comparing Mathematical and Verbal Semantic Memory in Epileptic Patients Through Invasive
Neurophysiologic Brain Mapping
Presenter(s)
Carrie Sha, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Vernon Leo Towle, University of Chicago
Very little is known about how memories are retrieved. Surgical removal of epileptic areas is an
increasingly common method of treatment for seizures. However, patients undergoing surgery frequently
suffer from postoperative memory defects. Twelve epilepsy patients were asked to answer basic
arithmetic (for example, Seven times nine equals?) and verbal questions (for example, Who is your
favorite singer?) to map their arithmetic and semantic memory areas. While answering these questions,
the electrocorticographic brain activity was recorded focusing on gamma band power (70-100 Hz). To
locate active cortical areas, gamma band dynamics were compared to the latency of their answers (voiceonset
time). The medial temporal lobe was active during both the semantic and arithmetic tasks. However,
semantic memory activity was widely distributed over the frontal and temporal lobes, whereas brain
activity during the arithmetic task was concentrated over the frontal lobe. Answering verbal and
arithmetic questions did not activate the parietal episodic memory areas. A better understanding of active
mathematic and verbal memory areas could help physicians reduce postoperative memory deficits.
Knowledge of the spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of neurophysiologic events during memory
retrieval may allow a deeper understanding of this complicated and enigmatic human cognitive process.
Q21
The Development of Arithmetic Skills in an Epileptic Patient
Presenter(s)
Kalyani Sonarikar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Vernon Leo Towle, University of Chicago
Although the arithmetic abilities of young patients frequently improve over time, recurrent complex
partial seizures often cause deterioration of cognitive abilities. The arithmetic development of an unusual
postoperative epileptic patient was examined, with the patient's situation being unusual, in that she
underwent two surgeries two years apart for mesial temporal lobe resection and disconnection of the
anterior temporal lobe. The results of a semantic memory test involving arithmetic calculations were
analyzed, along with electrocorticographic recordings from subdural electrodes placed on the patient's
cerebral cortex prior to the two resections. A positive correlation between the latency of gamma band
power (70-100 Hz) and the magnitude of difficulty of mathematical questions was observed, as well as
the correlation between latency of voice-onset time and question difficulty. The analyses of data after
both operations were compared, suggesting a decrease in gamma latency and a decrease in patient voiceonset
time, supporting an improvement in arithmetic growth. Furthermore, patterns of distributed memory
were identified prior to patient voice-onset time, implying a positive correlation between mental
chronometry and arithmetic growth.
133
Q22
Modulation of Calcium Homeostasis on Amyloid-Beta Derived Diffusible Ligand-Treated
Astrocytes
Presenter(s)
Shruthi Subramanian, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
William Klein, Northwestern University
Pascale Lacor, Northwestern University
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by a buildup of amyloid-beta derived diffusible ligands
(ADDLs), causing atypical levels of intercellular calcium and synapse deterioration in the brain. This
project tested calcium levels seen in astrocytes treated with ADDLs. A calcium assay was performed on
live astrocytes. Immunocytochemistry was then performed to assess the change in protein activity by
calcium using the antibodies phosphorylated adenosine monophospate-activated protein kinase (pAMPk)
and phosphorylated protein kinase B (pPKB), both of which are activated downstream of intracellular
calcium. Next, the plate was imaged and data on astrocyte size and puncta count, and fluorescent pAMKP
and pPKB, was collected on each image through a thresholding process. Preliminary analysis shows that
pPKB levels were increased compared to the neurobasal treated control group. The increase varied
depending on the drug treatment. pAMPK levels were generally lower than the neurobasal treated control
group with the exception of the cells treated with a 500 nanomolar concentration of ADDLs and vehicle.
The addition of 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl) pyridine, an antagonist of calcium production, also did not
seem to affect pAMPK levels. Further analysis is currently taking place in astrocytes and neurons. The
results of this experiment will give further insight into the role astrocytes play in AD pathology.
Q23
Using a Drosophila Melanogaster Model to Study ALS
Presenter(s)
Amanda Sul, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Connie Wang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Xiaoping Chen, Northwestern University
Jane Wu, Northwestern University
Mengxue Yang, Northwestern University
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease in which motor neurons lose their
function and are no longer able to control muscle movement. TPD-43 is a RNA binding protein that has
been implicated in the neurodegeneration of ALS patients. In this investigation, Drosophila melanogaster
expressing human TDP-43 were used to model the human ALS disorder in order to assess the fly model
with respect to the progression of neurodegeneration. In order to measure the neurodegeneration of the
transgenic flies, multiple motility assays were used on both larval Drosophila and adult Drosophila to
evaluate locomotive function of these transgenic flies. Flies with limited movement would indicate that
the TDP-43 mutation successfully modeled human ALS neurodegeneration. The flies expressing TDP-43
mutation showed a significant decrease in mobility, which suggests that the model was successful in
modeling human ALS. With a functional Drosophila model of ALS, research can continue into drug
treatments and possible cures.
134
Q24
Effects of Misregulation of GABRB3 Gene Expression in Relationship to Autism Related Behavior
Presenter(s)
Rebecca Wu, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Williams Dietz, Children’s Memorial Research Center
Laura Herzing, Children’s Memorial Research Center
The GABRB3 gene is thought to be vital for proper neurological development by encoding a receptor
subunit for GABA, a major inhibitory neurotransmitter. We hypothesize that misregulation of GABRB3
causes behavioral abnormalities linked to autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). To study the effects of
GABRB3 misregulation, using a 24-hour monitoring system (Noldus Phenotyper-Ethovision software) we
analyzed the behavioral patterns of mouse lines developed to express abnormal levels of GABRB3.
Analysis of the time spent in the center zone of testing arenas identified a period of time, midway through
the dark (wake) cycle in which female mice with wild type (WT) GABRB3 expression spent significantly
less time in the center of the arena. Conversely, mice with decreased levels of expression (GABRB3 HP
mice) did not take such a break from the center (p < 0.05; student's t-test). Also, male HP mice seemed to
immediately become active once the lights turned off, as measured by time in chamber center, while WT
mice took longer to ease into activity. These abnormal behavioral patterns may indicate that HP mice are
hyperactive compared with WT mice and /or show more persistence in activities, a feature common in
ASDs.
Q25
The Role of Protein X in Eliminating SOD1 in Fibroblasts Derived from SOD1-G93A Transgenic
Mice
Presenter(s)
Vivian Zhang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Hasan Arrat, Northwestern University
Faisal Fecto, Northwestern University
Teepu Siddique, Northwestern University
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal disease characterized by the selective degeneration of both
upper and lower motor neurons. The mutation of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase 1, or SOD1, has been
shown to cause ALS in human patients. In mouse models, the overexpression of the SOD1 induces ALSlike
symptoms whose severity correlates directly with the level of overexpression. In SOD1-linked ALS,
mutant SOD1 has been shown to be a part of ubiquitin positive protein aggregates. Protein X is
implicated in protein degradation via the proteasome and autophagy pathways which have been shown to
degrade SOD1. To test the effect of protein X on SOD1 levels, SOD1-G93A fibroblasts were transfected
with either an empty vector or a vector containing an insert which codes for protein X. Through ELISA
immunoassays, it was demonstrated that fibroblasts which overexpressed protein X also contained lower
amounts of SOD1 than control group fibroblasts. Future research will focus on determining whether
SOD1 is eliminated by protein X through these degradation pathways or whether the effect is on the
expression at the RNA level. The elimination of SOD1 by protein X may be used therapeutically to slow
the progression of neurodegeneration in ALS patients.
135
R01
Photomultiplier Tube Calibration for the Use of Solid Xenon as a Particle Detector
Presenter(s)
Vidya Anjur, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Jonghee Yoo, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
A photomultiplier tube (PMT) is typically used to detect very weak light signals, which can be displayed
as electronic waveforms using an oscilloscope. In this experiment, a PMT gain calibration was performed
for development of a low radioactive background detector using solid xenon. A PMT with twelve
dynodes was placed in a steel container with a neutral density filter to reduce light exposure, and attached
to a light-emitting diode, pulse generator, and oscilloscope, for a single photoelectron calibration. The
container was then placed inside a cryochamber. Data was taken at both room temperature and 161 oK at
voltages between 810-890 V. Gain was calculated for each voltage, and Gaussian fit curves were created
for statistical analysis. The best voltage setting for this particular PMT at room temperature is between
860-870 V. For the cold temperature, the best setting is between 850-860 V. The total PMT gain in these
ranges is about 4.089x106 electrons, with an error of 6.12%. Each time one electron enters the PMT, the
outputted current includes ~4.1 million electrons.
R02
Determination of the Future of Neutrino Mass Hierarchy Experiments
Presenter(s)
Wesley Beck, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Maury Goodman, Argonne National Laboratory
Neutrinos are small particles in the lepton sector that rarely interact with other particles. Many of its
properties have yet to be discovered; prominent among these is their mass hierarchy. If it is found, it will
help to determine other unknown properties accurately, and forge the way for new questions about
neutrinos. In order to determine the future of neutrino experiments for finding the mass hierarchy, several
long baseline experiments, such as the Long-baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE), Neutrinos at the
Main Injector Off-Axis νe Appearance, Tokai to Kamioka, and the Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation
Search, were reviewed to find their sensitivity to the mass hierarchy. Then, their sensitivity graphs were
compared by using a program written in ROOT. The sensitivity was based on the restrictions of θ13 and
the charge parity violating phase δ. Based on this analysis, LBNE has the highest sensitivity to the mass
hierarchy out of the long-baseline neutrino experiments. In addition to these experiments, there is also an
analysis of atmospheric and supernovae experiments for their sensitivity. The results of these analyses can
help to determine the best path for experiments to measure the mass hierarchy.
136
R03
Minimizing Electrical Noise in the MicroBooNE Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber and
Developing an Algorithm for Event Classification
Presenter(s)
Emily Camras, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Brian Rebel, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
The MicroBooNE experiment at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory will use a 170-ton liquid
argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) to investigate neutrino interactions. Because the metal piping
used to circulate liquid argon can act as an antenna to inject electrical noise into the LArTPC, it is
necessary to electrically isolate the piping from the cryostat using dielectric insulators. The frequency
response of four insulators of diameters 1.5, 2, 3, and 4 inches was tested in comparison to an uninsulated
connection. All four insulators exceeded the requirement on reducing the power transmitted by more than
3 dB over the relevant frequency range from 1 kHz to 5 MHz. Additionally, an algorithm for classifying
different types of neutrino events was developed. It was based on qualitative observations of computergenerated
neutrino interactions. Users of this algorithm were able to distinguish electron neutrino charged
current events from muon neutrino charged current and neutral current interactions with 85-90%
efficiency and purity. This algorithm provides a method for users to classify neutrino events in the data
MicroBooNE will generate.
R04
Searching for Dark Matter Using Charge Coupled Devices
Presenter(s)
Kathleen Chinetti, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Thomas Schwarz, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Only about twenty percent of all matter in the universe has been observed; the remaining eighty percent is
dark matter. Most dark matter (DM) direct detection experiments search for high mass (50-100 GeV) DM
particles. However, a novel dark matter experiment, dark matter in charge-coupled devices (DAMIC), has
unique sensitivity to low mass dark matter (0-10 GeV) with nuclear recoil sensitivity less than 40 eVee.
Unfortunately, several backgrounds to our dark matter signal can cause nuclear recoil, such as neutrons,
cosmic rays, electrons, and X-rays. A data analysis code was built based on previously defined selection
criteria and synchronized with other colleagues' analysis. Initial studies of the frequency of DM candidate
events in a year's worth of data searching for a sinusoidal month-based dependence were inconclusive.
Further studies were performed to understand and quantify backgrounds to our signal. An adapted
analysis code was also created to study the angle of entrance of cosmic rays.
137
R05
The Future Now: Using Developing Rocket Technologies to Create the Ultimate Thrill Ride
Presenter(s)
Jasmine Davila, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Quinn Gingerevans, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Eric Hawker, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
There are many future technologies for rockets being theorized and studied currently. In this
investigation, several of these were investigated for use in a recreational rocket. Research was done on
aircraft engines and launch systems through reading scholarly articles. The criteria used to decide which
technology to use were cost effectiveness, since current rocket systems are prohibitively expensive, and
efficiency, since current systems waste a lot of fuel and parts of the body. Through the investigation, two
main technologies were chosen: an electromagnetic rail launcher on the ground to accelerate the rocket to
mach 3 and a dual mode scramjet to propel it upon leaving the rail. Additionally, at the altitude of
seventy-five kilometers, the dual mode scramjet would turn off and a small solid-fuel rocket engine would
boost it the rest of the way. An exploration into the costs of a launch, including fuel, maintenance and
staff, is currently underway. This application of future technologies could be used to create a small
recreational rocket with the ability to travel efficiently to the edge of space, creating a new market since
the rocket would be able to launch frequently.
R06
Testing Correlations Between Nuclear Decay Rates and Earth-Sun Distance
Presenter(s)
Arjun Garg, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Vadim Rusu, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Previous work suggests possible correlations between nuclear decay rates and the Earth-Sun distance. We
are validating the findings of the original experiment. In order to monitor the conditions in the system, we
have built a circuit board with a BMP085 chip which will be used to detect the temperature and pressure
over the course of the experiment so that we may keep it constant. The BMP085 chip was connected to a
microcontroller through a data, a clock, a power, and a ground line. A 4.7 Ω resistor was used to connect
the clock and data lines to the power. It was then programmed to calculate the temperature and pressure.
If the temperature and pressure are monitored and kept constant, then we know that the results of the
experiment will not be due to fluctuations in the temperature and pressure.
138
R07
Searching for the Standard Model Higgs Boson in the WH→WWW→lvjjjj Channel
Presenter(s)
Ethan Gordon, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Michael Cooke, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Ryuji Yamada, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
The Standard Model of Particle Physics accurately describes the fundamental particles that make up
matter and how they interact. However, the Higgs boson, predicted to explain why some of these particles
have mass, has not yet been observed. This search for the Higgs boson candidate events in final states
with lepton, missing energy and at least four jets uses the full Tevatron Run II data set collected by the D0
detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. To perform this search, we combine variables with little
power to discriminate between Higgs boson candidates and background into one more powerful
multivariate discriminant. After determining the most likely reconstruction of the Higgs boson based on
decay products in a particular event, we added new variables to the analysis framework specific to the
WH→WWW→lvjjjj process. In all, twenty-six variables were added to the framework. Later, an
optimized subset of these variables were added to the list of inputs for the discriminate. As a result, the
sensitivity of this channel improved by 5% at a Higgs mass of 130 GeV/c2. Introducing this new,
optimized channel will improve the sensitivity of the search for the Higgs boson at Fermilab and help
expand the range of Higgs boson masses that are excluded at the 95% confidence level.
R08
Computer Simulation of Quenching in the High Field Superconducting Accelerator Magnet Made
with Nb3Sn Cable
Presenter(s)
Jimmy Huang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Ryuji Yamada, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Superconducting magnets create powerful magnetic fields by maintaining a state of no resistance. In order
to keep a superconducting state, low temperatures must be maintained in the magnet at all times with
liquid helium. Quenching starts when a piece of the magnet is disturbed suddenly by a force and its
superconductivity is broken by the presence of heat causing the electrical current to go through the copper
stabilizer instead of the superconductor, which heats the coil. The temperature of the magnet increases
and if the heat is generated in excess amounts it may cause damage. My goal is to create an algorithm that
measures the spread of heat during a quench and find the best conditions and methods to protect the
magnet from being damaged. Our program shows the heat diffusion during the quench for our designed
magnet. The graphs from our program provide results that show the heat distribution during the quench.
Our program can display how the heat spreads through a magnet after quenching and we can change the
parameters such as maximum temperature of the magnet. Quenching of poorly designed magnets could
result in destruction of the magnet in seconds and the destruction of the surrounding magnets.
139
R09
Fourier Transform Infrared Imaging in Determining the Effectiveness of Trehalose as a Protectant
Presenter(s)
Aadam Ibrahim, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Carolyn Hirschmugl, University of Wisconsin at Madison
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has recently become a much more powerful source of analysis as
a result of an advance coupling multiple synchrotron beams with wide field detection. These advances
allow for very high spatial and spectral resolution simultaneously in detecting chemicals. It is known that
the sugar trehalose is good a protecting the structures of molecules such as proteins. Therefore, we
performed high spatial resolution Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy on samples of dried droplets
containing certain concentrations of the sugar trehalose and the protein albumin. This was done so as to
determine the effect of protein on distribution of the compounds in the droplet. So far we have found that
the material tends to concentrate towards the outside; however, the addition of trehalose is meant to make
the structures more homogeneous. Our results found that addition of trehalose, contrary to what previous
studies seem to show, made our droplets more heterogeneous. In order to properly see what trehalose
does, we must look into higher concentration droplets in the future.
R10
Recycling Carbon Dioxide: Following Algae Response to High Concentration Carbon Dioxide
Environments
Presenter(s)
Aadam Ibrahim, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Mark Carlson, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Carolyn Hirschmugl, University of Wisconsin at Madison
Algae are known to produce certain organic substances as protein, silica, carbohydrates, lipids, and
phospholipids. There is interest in how much of these compounds algae make when exposed to carbon
rich environments, similar to those of factory smoke stacks. These compounds alone can be used for such
things as food substances to biofuel material. Infrared imaging analysis techniques allowed us to observe
patterns of the Thalassiosira weissflogi algae species in producing the above compounds. An algal cell of
this species was put into a flow cell with infrared transparent windows in order to keep that cell alive.
Water infused with carbon dioxide was pumped into this flow cell. Scans were taken over a 10 hour
period. A time lapse of the intensities of each corresponding functional group indicates that the
phospholipids and protein fluctuate similarly, while the lipids, silica, and carbohydrates tend to decrease
over time. Further analysis allows us to directly detect the concentration of each substance and how they
vary with regard to the other substances. Results indicate that peak production of protein occurs at three
different time points and corresponds to phospholipid peak production. Silica and carbohydrates reach
their peak concentration towards the end of the time period. Lipids simply seem to fluctuate.
140
R11
Optimization of Focusing Lenses through Computational Modeling and Analysis of Related
Quench Protection Issues
Presenter(s)
Emil Khabiboulline, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Michael Tartaglia, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Iouri Terechkine, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
As part of design efforts for a high intensity particle accelerator, the configuration of cryomodules in the
injector section must be investigated. Specifically, the superconducting focusing lenses should be
optimized to fit the criteria of focusing strength, size, and resilience to quenching. Computational
modeling served as the primary tool in this study. Initial work, centered on defining the lens
configuration, was followed by quench propagation analysis for the chosen design. After a comparison of
several approaches, it was found that all requirements can be met if the lens operates at 5.5 K and
employs 0.5 mm niobium-titanium superconducting strand. Eleven-thousand turns in the winding will
provide the needed focusing strength of 4 ·Tm² at 67 A. Two quench protection configurations were
studied: one full coil with a dump resistor connected in series, and a segmented coil with resistors
connected in parallel to each section. Results of the quench propagation modeling show that the initial
design goals for focusing lenses can be met using both schemes, with each arrangement having specific
advantages. The methods developed in this study and its outcomes will be used to design magnetic
systems of larger scales.
R12
Studying Silicon Annealing Effects on the Collider Detector at Fermilab
Presenter(s)
Akram Khaja, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Kyle Knoepfel, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Over decades of incurring radiation damage from particle collisions, the silicon detector at Collider
Detector at Fermilab has degraded, making it necessary for the depletion voltage to be increased to
continue detection at optimal levels. Increasing the depletion voltage past a certain point is impractical
and wastes energy, so any method through which the depletion voltage can be decreased is beneficial.
One such method is through annealing, heating up the silicon detector and then allowing it to cool to help
reduce the damage from radiation. Data about the voltage, current, temperature, and other statistics about
the detector were collected throughout the process of annealing and then analyzed using Bash and Root
programs. Code was created to gather the data, convert it to a useful form, and graph and fit it to
determine if the depletion voltage decreased over time. From current analysis, annealing did help some of
the modules of the silicon detector by lowering their bias currents. These results are important as they will
help in the modeling of annealing employed at CERN.
141
R13
Screening For Contamination From Alpha Particle Decay In Materials for the Cryogenic Dark
Matter Search
Presenter(s)
Jingfei Li, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Lauren Hsu, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Dark matter makes up 83% of the matter in the universe, but so far, no experiments have been able to
determine its composition. The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) is one such experiment currently
trying to detect the makeup of dark matter. In order for SuperCDMS, the next stage of the CDMS
experiment, to reach sensitivity levels that are high enough to detect dark matter, the experiment needs to
lower background radiation from trace contamination in materials near the detectors. Radiation mimics
dark matter events by colliding with the germanium atoms that make up the detector, which makes it
harder to determine the authenticity of possible dark matter interactions. One form of radiation CDMS is
concerned with is alpha emission. In order to test for background radiation, the ultralo-1800 alpha
detector was used to count the alpha emissivity of copper plates used to build the housing of CDMS dark
matter detectors. Their overall alpha emissivity levels were 0.002 alphas/cm2/hour, about equal to the
background radiation of the alpha detector itself. Tests were then run to determine the sources of
systematic error of the alpha detector. It was determined that the detector sensitivity was susceptible to
changes to its interior, such as the addition of a Teflon sheet over the detector tray, and the fluctuation of
the argon purge running through the detector. However, the changes in the detector were small enough
that they did not affect our results significantly.
R14
Deflection Studies on the g-2 Vacuum Test Chamber Before and After Adding New Grooves
Presenter(s)
Emily Lindgren, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Brendan Casey, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Mandy Rominsky, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
The g-2 experiment sends muon beams through large vacuum chambers with grooved sides. In the
grooves there are magnetic field probes. When vacuum is pulled on these chambers the walls deflect
slightly inwards, moving the position of the probes. It is important to know the exact position of these, so
as to be able to properly adjust data. To ensure accurate and precise knowledge of the magnetic field, it is
desirable to deploy as many magnetic field probes as possible, which will require the addition of more
grooves. A test vacuum chamber was used to test the effect of adding more grooves on the measured
deflection. Five different test plates were machined with thicknesses calculated to be equivalent to the
main vacuum system. Each plate had a different number of grooves, ranging from zero to four. A
deflection gauge was used to measure the deflection experienced by each plate under vacuum. The
measured deflections were consistent with expectations.
142
R15
Developing a Neutrino Interaction Identification Algorithm
Presenter(s)
Joshua Love, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Shulamit Moed Sher, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Experiments for studying neutrino interactions using liquid argon detectors are now being designed and
built. A method is required to identify the type of neutrino interaction based on the signature left in the
detector by the particles produced in the interaction. I codeveloped an algorithm to identify chargedcurrent
neutrino interactions, characterized either by a shower connected to the vertex of the interaction
(indicative of an electron) or by a long straight track (indicative of a muon particle) and neutral-current
interactions which do not display either of these traits. This algorithm can identify interactions with
approximately 90% purity and 70% efficiency. After six months, the algorithm developed through a
combination of calculations and trial and error by analyzing over twenty-five hundred simulated neutrino
interactions in the MicroBooNE experiment. This algorithm may provide a basis for future identification
algorithms and could be an important method for future neutrino detection as liquid argon detectors are
built for studying the neutrinos.
R16
A Laboratory Model of Two-Dimensional Granular Collisions
Presenter(s)
Peter Lu, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Justin Burton, University of Chicago
Sidney Nagel, University of Chicago
Astrophysical and geophysical processes often involve large-scale flows of granular particles. Lowdensity
granular gases are composed of nearly identical macroscopic particles, that is, large enough for
inter-molecular forces to be negligible. In these gases, particles undergo inelastic collisions causing the
system to lose kinetic energy over time. We have constructed one of the first large-scale laboratory
models of a granular gas using a very flat, smooth aluminum plate with sloped boundaries. Our granular
particles are pellets of solid carbon dioxide (dry ice), which float on a cushion of gas due to sublimation
near the metal surface (Leidenfrost effect), essentially forming a two-dimensional granular gas. Using this
model, we performed experiments using colliding clouds of dry ice particles. After analyzing the kinetic
energy decay of the system using particle image velocimetry, we compared it to computer simulations,
revealing an odd disparity between the long time behavior of the experiment versus the simulation.
Although the simulations have a similar qualitative behavior as the experiment, there are significant
differences in the energy decay between the simulations and the experiment. I will discuss these
differences and how they relate to the energy lost per collision (that is, coefficient of restitution).
143
R17
Exploring Alternate Explanations for Dark Matter's Claims: Long Term Activation of Radiated
Sodium Iodide Crystal
Presenter(s)
Kirti Munjeti, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Hugh Lippincott, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Dark matter is invisible matter that comprises about 25% of the universe. One piece of evidence for dark
matter comes from observations of the relationship between the masses of galaxies and their luminosities
and velocities, and these observations are confirmed at all cosmic scales. Physicists are trying to detect
dark matter particles with terrestrial detectors. The dark matter (DAMA) experiment has observed annual
modulation and claims that it is dark matter, which is not unreasonable since dark matter would produce
annual modulation if it were detected. However, it is unclear whether those signals were caused by actual
dark matter or other backgrounds. I am testing whether DAMA's claims are legitimate by setting up a
similar lab apparatus to determine whether or not activations can occur after irradiating a sodium iodide
crystal. In the process, I have tested and characterized three photomultiplier tubes (PMT) with two
separate bases. Using LabView, I have created a data acquisition program to analyze the effects of
irradiating a sodium iodide crystal. By using the characterized PMT and the data acquisition program, I
will attempt to determine what effect radiation has on the sodium iodide crystal.
R18
R&D for the Tracking Detector for Fermilab's Muon g-2 Experiment
Presenter(s)
Laura Napierkowski, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Brendan Casey, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Mandy Rominsky, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Fermilab's new muon g-2 experiment is designed to make high-precision measurements of the magnetic
moment of the muon in order to test the validity of the Standard Model. The experiment is currently
undergoing detector research and development. The objective of this investigation was to design and test
various parts of the tracking detector system for the g-2 experiment. The tracking detector is made of
straws, which consist of a long, metallic cylinder with a sense wire in the middle. The straws are filled
with gas that becomes ionized when a charged particle passes through. This sends a signal down the wire
to electronics, so we can determine the path the particle took. The research with vacuums and straws
culminated in building g-2's first straw prototype out of eight aluminum and copper straws, each of which
is ten centimeters long. Building this prototype gave the collaboration a sense of the most efficient
building methods and designs, which will be applied to our next prototypes. These prototypes will be
tested by the g-2 experiment to prepare for the construction of this new experiment.
144
R19
Analysis of the Globular Cluster NGC1851 Using the Dark Energy Survey Filter Set
Presenter(s)
Deokgeun Park, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Tom Diehl, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Douglas Tucker, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
The Dark Energy Survey (DES) will use a new camera, the dark energy camera (DECam), to study details
of the expansion history of the Universe. DECam will use a Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)-like filter
set in g, r, i, z, and Y-bands and red-sensitive charge coupled devices (CCDs). Prior to the survey, DES
scientists accumulated images in the southern hemisphere using a small test camera called PreCam, which
used DECam CCDs and small DECam filters as part of a standard star calibration program. Among the
objects observed was globular cluster NGC1851. PreCam images of NGC1851 were processed and
analyzed. The calibrated PreCam data was used to produce a Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram, which
was then used to estimate the distance, age, and metallicity. The analysis yielded the following estimates
for NGC1851: a distance of 12±1 kilo-parsecs, an age of >13Gyr (best estimate 13.5 Gyr), and a
metallicity [Fe/H] of between -2.27 and -1.49 (best estimate -1.79).
R20
Measurement of Galaxy Masses via Galaxy-Galaxy Lensing in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data
Presenter(s)
Savanna Rutas, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Huan Lin, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Marcelle Soares-Santos, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Gravitational lensing is the deflection of light resulting from warping of space by any type of mass. It can
be used to measure the mass of a lens along the line of sight. In the weak regime, gravitational lensing
results in small shape distortions of distant galaxies by the lens. Galaxy-galaxy lensing is a special case of
weak lensing where the lens is a galaxy. By extracting data from Stripe 82 of the Sloan Digital Sky
Survey (SDSS), we used galaxy-galaxy lensing to calculate the masses of luminous red galaxies (LRGs)
at redshift z=0.2-0.7 and luminous blue galaxies at z=0.2-0.4. We ran cuts on the absolute magnitudes of
the galaxies, calculated their shear profiles, completed a mass fitting, and then measured their masses as a
function of luminosity, color, and morphology. Typical LRGs have masses larger than 1012 solar masses,
while blue galaxy masses are smaller. Our results indicate that the LRG masses do not vary with redshift.
We also found that a brighter absolute magnitude corresponds to a larger average mass. Our analysis
extends to a redshift never before analyzed with SDSS data (z= 0.7).
145
S01
IMSA Students' Attitudes Towards Interracial Relationships
Presenter(s)
Wei-en Chu, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Cherish Kim, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Alexandra Maffei, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
David Evenson, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Our study focuses on teen attitudes toward pursuing interracial romantic relationships at the Illinois
Mathematics and Science Academy (IMSA). IMSA is a residential school with above average student
diversity. This initially led us to believe that students are more likely to be open to involvement in
interracial dating relationships. A review of the literature on interracial dating suggested that the most
common factors influencing interracial romantic relationships are gender, race, and political affiliation.
We constructed a survey of nine multiple choice questions, which were sent to the entire student body via
LimeSurvey.org. The survey questions explored actual attitudes, perceptions, and involvement in
interracial dating relationships. We received a very large response rate that helped in establishing the
statistical validity of our survey results. A series of Chi-square tests of independence were used to analyze
the data. Our analysis confirms our hypothesis regarding interracial dating in the diverse IMSA
environment, with some surprising results on the perceptions and attitudes toward same race dating.
S02
Effects of Personality, Gender, and Age on Spatial Relations Ability
Presenter(s)
Victoria Etherton, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Joan Chiao, Northwestern University
Mark Schurgin, Northwestern University
Spatial relation, the skill to visualize and analyze the relations between signs and shapes, has many more
real-life applications than meets the eye. Specifically, individuals who experience difficulty with spatial
relations problems also may have difficulty problem-solving in a range of higher educational topics
including geography, history, and science. However, since this ability is not widely examined, the
correlations between spatial relations and other factors have not yet been discovered. Therefore, I
hypothesize that individual and group differences, such as personality, gender, and age may affect spatial
relation ability. To test this, participants completed an online NEO-FI personality trait survey testing
neurotic, extroverted, agreeable, open, and conscientious tendencies and a spatial relations test as
indicators for spatial relations ability. Results demonstrate that neuroticism, a personality trait typically
associated with negative emotions, is significantly negatively correlated with spatial relations ability (R =
-0.32, p< 0.05) while other big five traits such as extroversion and openness did not (p > 0.05).
Furthermore results indicate no effects of gender or age on spatial relations ability (p > 0.05). In
conclusion, this study implies important correlations to consider for students and teachers in educational
settings.
146
S03
The Effects of Previous Drug Experience on Responses to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine
Presenter(s)
Mallory Giger, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Harriet de Wit, University of Chicago
Matt Kirkpatrick, University of Chicago
There are individual differences to the mood-related acute effects of 3,4-
methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy). One possible explanation for this is an individual's
previous drug history, but there are no data to support or refute this. Thus, our lab conducted two withinsubject,
double-blind studies during which healthy adult volunteers (N=30, N=21) received placebo or
MDMA (0.75 mg/kg and 1.50 mg/kg). We also obtained extensive drug use histories before the start of
study participation. Participants completed mood questionnaires before and repeatedly after
administration. During the sessions, a dose-related response was observed in both studies on prosocial
and euphoric measures, such as sociability, elation, and liking the drug. Contrary to our predictions,
however, there was no relationship between acute subjective effects of MDMA and past alcohol,
marijuana, or MDMA usage. There are many possible reasons for this result, including the true absence of
an effect, an insufficient sample size, or a relatively limited range of past drug use in this sample. Future
studies on the relationship between previous drug experience and the effects of MDMA might include a
larger sample or a wider range of previous drug use history.
S04
Determination of Factors that Affect the Success of Rumors
Presenter(s)
Riley Helm, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Sarah O'Leary-Driscoll, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Rumors are a part of human psychology that involves people listening to and spreading unverified
information whether they believe it or not. Significant research has been put into rumors. The aim of this
study was to find out what factors play into the success or failure of a rumor in the micro-environment of
IMSA. Over the past few weeks, the IMSA population has taken part in a deception study examining
these factors. This investigation involved researching what makes a rumor believable, memorable, and
spreadable. Three rumors were constructed which were spread across the IMSA campus via three student
carriers. After four weeks of incubation, the campus was asked to complete a survey to detail whether
students had heard said rumors, and what led to them believing and spreading said rumors, or rejecting
the rumors completely. The data collected via the survey was then analyzed using Chi-squared and
Kruskul Wallace tests to find what factors were most important in the success of these rumors. These
factors will be discussed.
147
S05
Perceptual Learning in Synthetic Speech with Interference
Presenter(s)
Corey Hornbeck, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Shannon Heald, University of Chicago
For recognition of speech to occur, individuals must learn how acoustic information (what one hears)
maps to phonetic knowledge. Previous literature shows that individuals are able to quickly learn to
understand synthetic speech that possesses novel acoustic to phonetic relationships. However, it is unclear
how robust this learning is against interference (from learning a competing speech synthesizer with a
different acoustic to phonetic mapping) or if individual differences in working memory moderate the
amount of perceptual learning on a speech synthesizer and/or interference from a competing speech
synthesizer. The current investigation therefore examines the relationship between perceptual learning,
working memory, and interference, using a simple pretest-training-posttest paradigm. Our results showed
that training on a competing speech synthesizer hinders word recognition performance on the original
speech synthesizer, suggesting that the perceptual learning of the original speech synthesizer was not
robust against interference. Additionally we found that while high working memory individuals did not
significantly differ in initial understanding of the original speech synthesizer from low working memory
people, they learned the original speech synthesizer significantly more. Taken together, the results
provide a useful framework to understand why we see perceptual learning decreases across a day until
sleep is achieved in long-term perceptual learning studies.
S06
Examining the Levels of Overexcitabilities of IMSA Sophomores
Presenter(s)
Taylor Imburgia, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Christopher Kolar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Deborah McGrath, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Gifted people have been shown to have higher developmental potential, making them more likely to
experience above average reactions to stimuli. These characteristics have been classified as
overexcitabilities (OEs) separated into five areas: psychomotor, sensual, intellectual, imaginational, and
emotional. The OE levels between IMSA males and females and between IMSA students (who are
interested in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) and Ohio gifted students were examined
using the Overexcitabilty Questionnaire II (OEQII). Data from seventy IMSA sophomores was analyzed
using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and the Bonferroni Correction method to control error. Results
showed that the IMSA females' sensual and emotional levels were significantly higher than IMSA males'.
Additionally, both IMSA males and females exhibited significantly lower imaginational OE levels than
the Ohio gifted students. This study will hopefully spark awareness of overexcitabilities in the gifted
population, allow students to understand their own feelings and behaviors and help the IMSA community
to more effectively assist students in handling OEs.
148
S07
How Self Perception Differs From Observer Perception in Classmates
Presenter(s)
Eva Meyer, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Joan Chiao, Northwestern University
Mark Schurgin, Northwestern University
Many people believe they present themselves to the world in a certain way, but often their perception of
themselves is not reflected in the observations that other people perceive, an effect known as the selfserving
bias. Humans tend to think more highly of their traits compared to their peer's qualities. To
determine whether there is a discrepancy between self and observer perception for different traits, I asked
pairs of participants to respond to questions asking both about their personality and their partner's
personality for nine distinct traits. Results show that people perceive their own degree of emotionalityrationality,
narcissism, popularity and adherence to social norms differently compared to the way their
partner perceives them. Additionally, results show effects of gender on exaggeration, popularity, and selfother
perception. Females were more likely to report greater likelihood of exaggeration, popularity, and
accuracy in self-other perception compared to males. There was a gender difference in effect of
familiarity on self-other perception. Higher familiarity ratings in males correlated with increased
familiarity in self-other judgments for popularity, reliability of self-other perception, and egotism.
Understanding better how social perception differs between people will help individuals improve social
interactions.
S08
Culture and Color: Evidence for Cultural Diversity in Color Perception
Presenter(s)
Jennifer Ren, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Joan Chiao, Northwestern University
Hundreds of years ago, the Eastern and Western Hemispheres had relatively little contact; now, people
living in distinct nations are more likely to encounter one another due to globalization. Because Western
and Eastern cultures often pose conflicting values, it is unclear the extent to which culture affects how
people perceive color across distinct nations, such as the United States and Japan. I hypothesized that
Eastern perceptions of color may differ from Western perceptions. To test this hypothesis, I conducted a
cross-national study with an online semantic differential followed by a revised version of the Suinn-Lew
acculturation scale in the US and Japan. In the online study, participants rated colors on a seven point
Likert scale (1 = negative; 7 = positive). Results demonstrate that across cultural contexts, people
perceived the color white more positively as a function of acculturation to heritage culture; however, there
was a cultural difference with the color blue because Americans who reported greater acculturation to
Western values perceived blue as more positive, whereas Japanese who reported greater acculturation to
Eastern values perceived blue as more negative.
149
S09
The Relationship of Daily Activities to the States of Mind and Academic Performances of Illinois
Mathematics and Science Academy Students Enrolled in Physiology and Disease or Biophysics
Courses
Presenter(s)
Natalie Runkle, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Christopher Kolar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Deborah McGrath, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Relationships exist between teenagers' activities, self-satisfaction, and academic performances. This
study's purpose was to examine daily activities of IMSA students taking Physiology and Disease (PAD)
and Biophysics, and to study relationships between these activities and students' reported moods and final
grades. An electronic survey was created to measure hours spent by subjects in various activities and to
examine subjects' locations, moods, and companions at specific times. This survey was distributed nine
times to thirty-two volunteer subjects. A final survey was created and administered; subjects reported a
final grade in PAD or Biophysics. Because of the unexpectedly narrow grade distribution, it was
impossible to look for behaviors that contributed to grade variation. Relationships between reported
activities and reported moods were analyzed using binary logistic regression. A significant relationship
was found between subjects' good moods and the amount of homework performed on a given night. An
additional hour of homework decreased the likelihood of a good mood to seventy percent of the baseline.
Contributions of sports, sleep, video games, socializing, internet, hobbies, and idleness were controlled
for and not statistically significant. These results provide information connecting students' activities and
their states of mind and can be used to improve time management.
S10
The Influence of Anticipated Gender-Specific Roles on the Career Aspirations of Female IMSA
Students
Presenter(s)
Sydney Tomasko, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
David Evenson, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
There is a disparity in America regarding the number of women employed in certain high-paying careers.
This study focuses on how female IMSA students may choose their future careers, knowing that in their
adult lives, there will be factors that influence them to choose more flexible and less time-consuming
careers. A survey was created and administered to female IMSA students. The focus was to ask which
careers they find themselves capable of performing well in, and then what careers they would consider
when they think of getting married and having children. The implications of this study directly relate to
the careers that women gifted in math and science will choose. This study will increase awareness in the
factors that cause women to choose certain careers, and possibly influence their future career decisions.
150
S11
Ways of Discussing Mother Nature: Differences in Sharing Learned Information About the
Menstrual Cycle Among Adolescent Girls in Residential Versus Commuter Schools
Presenter(s)
Jessica Ventenilla, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Sowmya Anjur, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
David Evenson, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Christopher Kolar, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Adolescent girls experiencing the menstrual cycle for the first time may consult adults, peers, and
available media for more information on women's health and what to expect when entering this stage of
life. It has been observed that mutual sharing of information about the menstrual cycle helps teens deal
with puberty better. A ten question survey was constructed to identify any differences in sharing
menstrual cycle information between adolescent girls in residential and commuter school communities.
The survey will be administered to fifty high school girls from a commuter school and fifty high school
girls in a residential school to observe differences, if any, between how adolescent girls share information
with each other and what resources they utilize based on their environment. By observing how girls
handle menarche both physically and academically, it may be possible to gather information on whether
families and the school system are meeting teens' expectations in terms of providing accurate and helpful
information about the menstrual cycle.
S12
The Effect of Homelessness on Executive Functions in Homeless Youth
Presenter(s)
Kevin Zhang, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Scott Hunter, University of Chicago
Executive functions (EF) like inhibition, mental flexibility, and problem solving do not completely
develop until adulthood. For young adults, significant stressors, like homelessness, can have a significant
impact on the development of EF, leading to cognitive difficulties. This study examined the effect of time
spent homeless on the development of EF in fifty-two youth living in Chicago shelters (26 males/26
females, mean age is 19, 85% African-American). EF was measured using select subtests from the Delis-
Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS), the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), and the Tower of London,
Drexel University Edition (TOL-DX). Demographic information was collected through interview. Results
revealed a significant negative correlation between a visual scanning task and the longest homeless
period, and a significant positive correlation between number of homeless episodes last year and a
Number Sequencing task. MANOVA and regressions were not significant. Lack of significant findings
may be due to the impact of potential moderating factors, including educational status and intelligence
quotient. There may be relationships between homelessness and EF development, however our sample
size may be too small; larger sample size could elucidate potential relationships between time spent
homeless and the development of EF.
151
T01
Culture Shocked: A Study of How Differences in Cultural Values Impact International
Collaboration
Presenter(s)
Michael Atten, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Glenn "Max" McGee, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Technology has shrunk the globe, ushering in an era of rapid globalization and the problems that come
with it. These global problems will require global solutions, and students in schools today will be the ones
to solve them. Nations will need to collaborate to thrive, and, while filled with enormous potential,
international collaboration faces several challenges. In an effort to understand these challenges, a series of
interviews was constructed for Chinese and American students, teachers, and scientists. The interviews
examined the differences between the cultures and education systems of China and the United States to
evaluate how they either promote or impede international collaboration, ultimately suggesting methods
for overcoming these impediments. This study determined the largest barriers affecting international
collaboration include different languages, respect for intellectual property, additional time commitments,
distribution of workload and resources, and prejudices against and stereotypes of other countries and
cultures. These barriers, along with the disparities in cultures across the globe, make collaboration
difficult, yet the common ground of knowledge, commitment to partnership, and passion for education
can surmount these obstacles. This study's recommendations will assist students, educators, and scientists
in developing productive collaborative relationships with their colleagues around the world.
T02
An Examination of the Polish American Experience
Presenter(s)
Sophia Baramidze, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
James Victory, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
The Polish Americans display many characteristics similar to the immigrant groups of today. We want to
pick out those qualities and compare them to the conditions of a group of immigrants in the current
United States. The main source of information comes from a literature review. So far we have found that
a troubled home country and promising opportunities lured many Polish to emigrate from Poland to the
United States. Once in the US, many Polish faced the challenges of low wages, labor-oriented jobs, and
ridicule from other Americans. The patterns from a hundred years ago are clearer in hindsight, but if we
can take what we know about the Polish then, and apply it to today, then we may be able to foresee the
same struggles in another group.
152
T03
The State of Somalia: The United Nations in Practice and in Theory Since the Decolonization Era
Presenter(s)
Sharadyn Ciota, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Eric Smith, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
This inquiry was to investigate how internal conflicts have international effects using the collapse of
Somalia as the primary example. Internal conflict in Africa has become an interest of the world powers
and the United Nations mainly since the era of decolonization. The United Nations developed policies on
how to handle internal conflict that were viewed as an international threat. This study used textual
analysis of international theory as well as United Nations documents. The literature of how the United
Nations should work in theory was compared to the documents that represented how the United Nations
executed peace keeping in the case of Somalia. It was found that, in theory, the United Nations cannot
intervene with peace keeping forces unless it has consent from both of the warring parties. In the case of
Somalia, the United Nations failed to abide by the peace keeping policies. The United Nation's efforts to
improve the state and stability of Somalia both from the United Nations and non-governmental
organizations failed, and the world is still dealing with the effects of the tragedy in Somalia.
T04
An International Energy Assessment: The Benefits and Pitfalls of Nuclear Power in the Modern
Age
Presenter(s)
Richard Fafara, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Alexander Stratton, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Robert Kiely, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Nuclear power is an important alternative energy source that is frequently misunderstood by the general
populace. The purpose of this study is to show the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power in the
United States today. During the first portion of our study we drew upon background research in order to
gain a better understanding of the basic technologies of nuclear power. In the second portion of our study,
we have researched domestic and international politics of nuclear power, as well as the relevant economic
and environmental issues. We have found that although nuclear power is clouded in controversy, the
benefits far outweigh the risks. The news media exaggerate the concerns of radiation, nuclear disasters,
and proliferation. In reality, nuclear power provides an environmentally friendly energy source with zero
emissions that can one day be the cure to the world's fossil fuel addiction. However, there are legitimate
reasons to be concerned with disposal of nuclear waste. By showing that it is a safe, clean, and efficient
alternative energy source, we hope to erase previous misconceptions about nuclear power.
153
T05
Eurovision, the Ultimate European Song Contest: Talent or Politics?
Presenter(s)
Inga Gurevich, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Alexandra Roman, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Lee Eysturlid, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Christian Nokkentved, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
The Eurovision Song Contest debuted in 1956, bringing Europe together for a grandiose international
song competition. Annually, countries belonging to the European Broadcasting Union are represented
with a single musical performance. After two semifinals and a final, a winning country is determined
based on votes from the live audience and viewers throughout Europe. Our research study focused on
collecting voting data from all the participating countries from 1991 to 2009. Votes that fell into the top
twenty-fifth percentile and the bottom twenty-fifth percentile were analyzed in order to find trends. Two
important patterns emerged in the research. First, strong voting blocs exist within the countries of the
former Soviet Union, as well as the Scandinavian and Balkan regions. These blocs are based on cultural
and political ties. An apparent difference appears between Western and Eastern European countries as
well. Since the Eastern European countries are relatively new to the contest, they try to have more
influence by working together. This study shows that while Eurovision is not purely about politics,
neither is it purely about talent; it's a combination of international events, voting blocs, and captivating
performances.
T06
Beauty Advertisement and its Effects on the Body Image of Female IMSA Students
Presenter(s)
Gina Jung, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Madison Schroeder, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Amanda Gray, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Lauren Lutz, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
The association between low-self esteem and poor body image is almost a uniquely female trait. When
women see images that show thinness in a positive light, as in beauty advertising, they are more likely to
think poorly enough of their bodies to develop an eating disorder. While these cases are relatively rare
and extreme, they underline the power beauty advertising holds on the psyche of females. This study
seeks to further uncover the influence of beauty advertising on women, specifically female students at the
Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy (IMSA). IMSA was chosen as the location of the study
because of its nature as an accelerated, residential high school, which may alter the perception of beauty
advertising by the girls who attend the school. A survey has been created for a sample of female IMSA
students and seeks to find if the amount of advertisements seen by a participant affects her self esteem.
Furthermore, it is designed to show if other factors, beyond advertisement, alter participants' body image
and if they use different methods, such as exercise, starvation, or dieting, to address these feelings.
Results may lead to recommendations for improvement of residential programming at IMSA.
154
T07
The Significance of the Latino Vote in the Presidential Election of 2012
Presenter(s)
Itzel Lopez, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Uriel Ramirez, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Juan Andrade, US Hispanic Leadership Institute
Marcos Popovich, US Hispanic Leadership Institute
The growth of the Latino population, combined with increased Latino voter registration and voter turnout,
has led to increased Latino political influence in the U.S. Focusing on the sixteen major electoral vote
states where 91% of Latino voters are concentrated, this study analyzed the influence of Latino voters in
presidential elections by reviewing Census data, election results, exit polls, and national surveys. These
sixteen states have a combined total of three-hundred electoral votes, well above the two-hundred and
seventy needed to win. To win, Democratic presidential candidates must garner over 70% of the Latino
vote. Conversely, the key for Republican presidential candidates to win is to deny their Democratic
opponents a strong majority of Latino votes. Thus, both Republican and Democratic presidential
candidates must obtain significant support from Latino voters in order to win the presidency. Because
Latino voters possess substantial influence in presidential elections, the 2012 presidential candidates must
direct significant time and resources towards winning over Latino voters. The 2012 presidential
candidates must address issues that are most important to Latino voters, such as education, jobs, health
care, and immigration.
T08
IMSA's Understanding of the Abortion Issue
Presenter(s)
John McGuire, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
David Evenson, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Abortion is a very controversial issue in America. Both pro-life and pro-choice activists make many
arguments about this issue; many of their arguments are based on scientific data that is often inconsistent
from study to study. Abortion research is ample; however studies on abortion tend to focus on the
woman's experience or the health risks that could be associated with the abortion procedure and not on
how well the public understands the science behind the abortion issue. In this study, I examined the public
understanding of the abortion process and the research surrounding abortion. Specifically, I chose to study
the general Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy (IMSA) population. I wrote a survey based on two
research topics: What are people saying online about specific abortion issues? and What does scientific
literature say about this issue? After researching the issues discussed and finding scientific literature that
discusses the same issue, I created a survey to see how well students at IMSA understand the important
abortion literature. I am still in the process of releasing this survey at the time of this writing. Survey
results will be discussed.
155
T09
The Representation of Female and Male Cross-Dressing in Popular Culture
Presenter(s)
Perry Nelson, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Daniel Gleason, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Cross-dressing, particularly as a method of disguise, has been used as a storytelling device for centuries,
both for women and men. However, it is usually the case that men dressed as women are present for
comedic purposes, and women dressed as men are figures of drama. The dichotomy of these differing
narrative choices implies that women gain power when dressing like men, but men are degraded by
looking like women. This investigation, looking at the differences between how genders are portrayed
when dressing like the opposite sex, further explores this occurrence. Twelve different stories of varied
media types, including novels, films, and a television episode, all containing cross-dressing have been
reviewed and analyzed for any sexist bias, and then compared against each other for noticeable patterns
among them. It is evident from this that there are several misogynistic tropes that appear frequently in
cross-dressing scenarios, which is indicative of a broader chauvinistic culture that pervades our society.
T10
The Veteran Struggle: Returning to Civilian Life
Presenter(s)
Maura Slattery, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Hannah Swerbenski, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
James Victory, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
The stressors within the combat environment are drastically different from civilian stresses. This stress
leaves active soldiers subject to non-typical stress and traumatizing experiences. Permanent change
inflicted by these experiences can be physical and emotional. In order to evaluate what permanent
changes veterans underwent, we analyzed news articles, online videos, movies, published papers, and
statistics. Through this research, we have noted a consistent and prominent change in returning war
veterans. We explored interaction with spouse and family, care and support available to veterans adjusting
to civilian life, unusually hyperactive alert responses and other Post Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms,
and other daily difficulties caused by physical injuries. Through our research, we evaluated trends among
all veterans, and struggles unique to individuals. Veterans typically face different types of stress from
civilians, and their ability and methods of coping with this abnormal stress vary. In many cases, this stress
causes unhealthy, abnormal behaviors, and in some cases, influences not only the veterans, but those in
close relation to veterans. Further, veterans often don't receive adequate assistance in their adjustment to
civilian life. Identifying the major problems that returning veterans face, will help improve care and
treatment available for them.
156
T11
Invisible Wounds: The Implications of Closed Head Injury Caused by High Explosives
Presenter(s)
Ian Wilkinson, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
James Victory, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Every time a soldier in Afghanistan exits his base to perform a mission or a high school football player
jogs onto the field, they run the risk of experiencing closed head injuries. By analyzing studies,
interviews, books, news articles, and personal narratives, I've come to understand many implications of
traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) in the military. TBIs represent the quintessential modern combat injury.
Though combatants have experienced head trauma since the introduction of warfare, proportionally more
soldiers than ever before suffer and live with the impact of TBIs. The cost of veterans' medical care is
increasing rapidly; the Department of Veterans Affairs medical budget was $51 billion in 2011 alone.
Soldiers experience difficulty with re-adjusting to civilian life. Because of their TBIs, many suffer from
loss of hearing, smell, or sight, and irritability, difficulty sleeping, and so forth for the rest of their lives.
The research conducted in this investigation, as well as that in others like it, provides a foundation for the
understanding of the lives of our modern veterans and for future policy decisions of the government that
cares for them.
T12
Education Systems in China and Their Effect on Leadership Development
Presenter(s)
Stanley Yuan, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Robert Kiely, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
As the world becomes more interconnected, people from different nations are learning and interacting
more than ever. The Chinese education system and its effects on the development of China's leaders is the
object of this study. An examination of different Chinese curricula and educational strategies
demonstrates the stress placed by the Chinese system on particular leadership qualities. In general, the
Confucian attitude pervades the Chinese education system, and the culture as a whole. This mentality has
a huge effect on leadership development. Traditionally, the exam centered education in China has led to a
strong emphasis on rote learning and memorization. This has influenced leaders in China, as there is a
mentality of simply following directions. From accounts and interviews about the current Chinese
education system, China's education system is being overhauled to adapt to the modern world. It aims to
develop a balanced person, as opposed to just teaching facts. As shown by current leaders in China, this is
correlated with what Chinese leaders believe to be the most important qualities to have. Understanding
how leaders in China have developed could be beneficial when working with them; a lot could even be
learned from them.
157
U01
Connection Between Pressure and Molecular Hydrogen in Galaxies
Presenter(s)
Jose Hernandez, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Advisor(s)
Robert Feldmann, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Nick Gnedin, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Most stars in the Universe are formed out of molecular gas. Observations have found an empirical
relationship between the abundance of cosmic gas that is in molecular form, and the total pressure in a
diverse set of galaxies, but the origin of this connection continues to puzzle astronomers. In this project
we study, theoretically, how the abundance of the molecular gas depends on the galactic environment, in
particular the chemical composition and the intensity of cosmic ultraviolet radiation. We analyzed a set of
computer simulations that model wide variations in galactic environment and compared these theoretical
models to the observational data. We found a good match to the observed relation between the molecular
gas and the total galactic pressure for some galactic environments. However, our primary result is that any
such relation is dependent on the galactic environment. We make a theoretical prediction that the
observed relation will be modified in dwarf galaxies and in galaxies observed at large distances (and,
hence, at the early stages of their formation). These predictions will be checked by future observations
with a new large radio telescope (Atacama Large Millimeter Array, or ALMA) being built by the
international consortium in Chile.
158
2010-2011 Student Recognition
The below accomplishments are a summary from the 2010-2011 academic year
Ruchi Aggarwal: Characterizations of BACE1 Endocytosis
Advisors: Virginie Buggia-Prevot and Gopal Thinakaran; University of Chicago
Presented at the American Junior Academy of Sciences conference at the American Association for the
Advancement of Science annual conference, Feb.16-20, 2011 in Washington DC
Ruchi Aggarwal: The Effects of Cell Demographics on ADDL Binding and Toxicity
Advisors: William Klein, Gina Boylan, Anil Wadhwani and Pascale Lacor; Northwestern University
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist; IJAS State Competition gold award
Courtney Amegashie: Effect of High Nitric Oxide Microenvironments on Oral Cancer Cell Migration
Advisor: James Radosevich; University of Illinois at Chicago
Presented at University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry Clinic and Research Day, March 10,
2011 in Chicago, Illinois
Stephanie Cheng: Stellar Nursery: The Relationship between a Spiral Galaxy's Bar and Its Star Formation
Advisors: Lucy Fortson, Geza Gyuk, and Mark Subbarao; Adler Planetarium
Presented at NCSSSMST Student Research Symposium, June 6-9, 2010 in Hoboken, New Jersey
Dane Christianson: Engineering a Water Filter for Developing Countries: Varying Lateral Thickness to
Optimize Flow Rates
Advisors: Mark Carlson and Sarah O’Leary-Driscoll; Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Presented at WaterCon 2011, March 22-23, 2011 in Springfield, Illinois
Henry Deng: Networks of Ultrasmall Pd/Cr Bilayer Nanowires - A New Type of High Performance
Hydrogen Sensor
Advisors: Zhili Xiao, Hsien-Hau Wang, and Michael Latimer; Argonne National Laboratory
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist and IJAS Region V ASM Materials
Education Foundation Award; IJAS State Competition: gold award, Best in Category Materials Science,
Chicago Section of the American Nuclear Society - Superior Achievement in Science and Technology;
Intel International Science and Engineering Fair Finalist
Victor Duan: A Novel Clustering Method via Nucleotide-Based Fourier Power Spectrum Analysis
Advisor: Stephen Yau; University of Illinois at Chicago
70th Annual Intel Science Talent Search Semi-finalist; Chicago Region Junior Science and Humanities
Symposium Finalist and Second Place Winner
Brinda Gupta: Effect of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridnium on Dopamine Neuron Loss in LPS Mouse Model of
Parkinson's Disease
Advisors: Paul Carvey, Bill Hendey, Toia Giuseppe, and Aditi Patel; Rush University Medical Center
IJAS Region V Society for In Vitro Biology Award
Derek Hardin: On Potentially Planar Graphic Degree Sequences
Advisor: Noah Prince; Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Siemens Competition Regional Semi-Finalist; 70th Annual Intel Science Talent Search Semi-Finalist
Mohammed Hayat: Neutrino Oscillations and the NOvA Experiment
Advisors: Maury Goodman, Sarah Budd, and Michelangelo D'Agostino; Argonne National Laboratory
Presented at NCSSSMST Student Research Symposium, June 6-9, 2010 in Hoboken, New Jersey
Dorcas Huang: The Effects of Sanitizers on the Survival of Stressed Salmonella enteritidis on Shelled Eggs
Advisors: Wei Zhang and Jill Vogan; Illinois Institute of Technology
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist; IJAS State Competition: gold award
159
Eric Huang: Proteasome Inhibition of Lithocholic Acid Derivatives
Advisor: Chin Ho Chen; Duke University
Siemens Competition Regional Finalist; Presented at the American Junior Academy of Sciences conference
at the American Association for the Advancement of Science annual conference, Feb.16-20, 2011 in
Washington DC; Chicago Region Junior Science and Humanities Symposium Finalist
Aditya Karan: Understanding the Formation of Torodial Spiral Particle
Advisor: Ying Liu; University of Illinois at Chicago
IJAS Region V National Society of Professional Engineers Award
Emil Khabiboulline: Modeling of Quench Protection Techniques in Superconducting Solenoid Magnets
Advisors: Iouri Terechkine and MicahelTartaglia; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist and IJAS Region V Yale Science and
Engineering Association, Inc Award; IJAS State Competition: gold award, Best in Category Physics; Intel
International Science and Engineering Fair Finalist; Special Award winner: European Organization for
Nuclear Research-CERN - all expense paid trip to CERN summer 2011
Vignessh Kumar: Characterization of HuR Overexpression in a Post-Ischemic Penumbra
Advisors: Agnieszka Ardelt and Randall Carpenter; University of Chicago
Chicago Region Junior Science and Humanities Symposium Finalist and First Place Winner
Samuel Kwak: Development and Evaluation of a Prosthetic Ankle that Mechanically Adapts to Sloped Surfaces
Advisors: Stefania Fatone and Eric Nickel; Northwestern University
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist, IJAS Region V US Army Grand Prize
Winner; IJAS State Competition: gold award
Kiwook Lee: Optimizing Nanometer-Scale Features
Advisors: David Czaplewski, Katherine Becker, Leonidas Ocala, and Joshi Imre; Argonne National
Laboratory
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist, IJAS Region V US Navy Award; IJAS State
Competition: gold award; Intel International Science and Engineering Fair Finalist
Justine Ly: Endothelial Cell ICAM-1-dependent Signaling Negatively Regulates MCP-1Production
Advisor: Guoquan Liu; University of Illinois at Chicago
Co-author of abstract presented at Experimental Biology 2011 April 9-13, 2011, Washington D.C.
(Guoquan Liu, Katherine Shi, Justine Ly, Aaron T. Place, Farnaz Bakshi, Richard D. Minshall)
Corinne Madsen: An Extension of the Erdös-Ginzburg-Ziv Theorem: Non-Zero Sums in Zn
Advisor: Noah Prince; Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Siemens Competition Regional Semi-Finalist; 70th Annual Intel Science Talent Search Semi-Finalist
Egle Malinauskaite: Mapping Verbal Memory Areas in Epileptic Patients Through Electrocorticographic
Readings of Subdural Electrodes
Advisor: Vernon Leo Towle; University of Chicago
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist and IJAS Region V US Army Award; IJAS
State Competition: gold award, Best in Category Health Science
Janani Mandayam Comar: Auditory and Pheromone Sensing in Trpml3 Knockout Mice
Advisor: Jaime Garcia-Anoveros; Northwestern University
Siemens Competition Regional Semi-Finalist; Chicago Region Junior Science and Humanities Symposium
Finalist; Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist; IJAS State Competition: gold
award, Best in Category Cellular and Molecular Biology
160
Lydia Matthews: The Role of Pigment Epithelium Derived Factor in the Expression of p21 and p27 in
Pancreatic Cancer
Advisor: Paul Grippo; Northwestern University
Presented at the International Student Science Fair, September 13-17, 2010 in Adelaide, Australia
Jacob Miller: Metal Alkoxide Functionalization in Metal-Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Ambient-
Temperature Hydrogen Storage
Advisor: Rachel Getman; Northwestern University
Published in The Journal of Physical Chemistry C (2011) Vol. 115 No.5, pp 2066–2075 (Rachel B.
Getman, Jacob H. Miller, Kenneth Wang, and Randall Q. Snurr)
Madhav Mohandas: Effect of Mechanical Forces and Cleavage Plane Orientation on Epithelial Geometry
and Topology
Advisor: Jie Liang; University of Illinois at Chicago
Chicago Region Junior Science and Humanities Symposium Finalist; IJAS Region V Intel Excellence in
Computer Science Award
Madhav Mohandas: Climate-Based Predictive Modeling of Seasonal Influenza Outbreaks
Regional Finalist in the Young Epidemiology Scholarship
Daniel Pak: Harmaline and Sodium Benzoate, Food Processing By-Product and Preservative, Induced
Mitochondrial Damages: A Possible Implication in Degenerative Diseases
Advisor: Youngmi Kim Pak; Kyung-Hee University
Siemens Competition Regional Semi-Finalist; 70th Annual Intel Science Talent Search Semi-Finalist
Daniel Pak: Specific Cellular Uptake of Targeted Liposomes in Cancer Cells
Advisor: Seungpyo Hong; University of Illinois at Chicago
Presented at the American Junior Academy of Sciences conference at the American Association for the
Advancement of Science annual conference, Feb.16-20, 2011 in Washington DC
Sai Parepally: Auditory and Pheromone Sensing in Trpml3 Knockout Mice
Advisor: Jaime Garcia-Anoveros; Northwestern University
Siemens Competition Regional Semi-Finalist; Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition
Finalist; IJAS State Competition: gold award, Best in Category Cellular and Molecular Biology
Areen Pitaktong: The Role of MAN2A2 Expression in Glioma Proliferation and Invasivity
Advisors: Roger Kroes, Mary Schmidt, and Joseph Moskal; Northwestern University
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist; IJAS State Competition: gold award,
National Anti-Vivisection Society - Best Advancement in the Humane or Alternative to the Use of Animals
in Research
Peter Purnyn: Smartphone Applications
Advisors: Pat Patankar and Namrata Pandya; Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Presented at the International Student Science Fair, September 13-17, 2011 in Adelaide, Australia
Nishith Reddy: CdS/ZnS Quantum Dot-Photoexcited Glucose Oxidase Biosensor for Ag+ Detection in
Contaminated Aqueous Environments
Advisor: Karl Rockne; University of Illinois at Chicago
Chicago Region Junior Science and Humanities Symposium Finalist; US Stockholm Junior Water Prize
second place; presented at the 84th Annual Water Environment Federation Technical Exhibition and
Conference, October 15 - 19, 2011 in Los Angeles, California
Nishith Reddy: The Effect of Transgenic MA20 on Inflammation of the Intestinal Epithelium
Advisor: David Boone; University of Chicago
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist
161
Nicole Runkle: Paracingulate Gyrus Influences Cognition, Negative Symptoms, and Personality in
Schizophrenia
Advisors: Matthew Smith and Lei Wang; Northwestern University
Siemens Competition Regional Semi-Finalist; Presented at the Eighth Annual RITS Super Science Fair,
Nov 1-6, 2010 in Kyoto, Japan; 70th Annual Intel Science Talent Search Semi-Finalist
Mehal Shah: Characterizations of BACE1 Endocytosis
Advisors: Virginie Buggia-Prevot and Gopal Thinakaran; University of Chicago
Presented at the American Junior Academy of Sciences conference at the American Association for the
Advancement of Science annual conference, Feb.16-20, 2011 in Washington DC
Mehal Shah: Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates from
Newborn Infants
Advisor: Bill Kabat; Children's Memorial Research Center
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist; IJAS State Competition: gold award, Best
in Category Microbiology, South Central Association for Clinical Microbiology - Outstanding
Achievement in Clinical Microbiology
Katherine Shi: Endothelial Cell ICAM-1-dependent Signaling Negatively Regulates MCP-1Production
Advisor: Guoquan Liu; University of Illinois at Chicago
Co-author of abstract presented at Experimental Biology 2011 April 9-13, 2011, Washington D.C.
(Guoquan Liu, Katherine Shi, Justine Ly, Aaron T. Place, Farnaz Bakshi, Richard D. Minshall)
Mahi Singh: Effect of Dnmt3b Deficiency on DNA Methylation Status of Myc-Induced Mediastinal
Lymphomas
Advisors: Lucy Godley, Janet LePore, and Aparna Vasanthakumar; University of Chicago Presented at the
International Student Science Fair, Sept 13-17, 2010 in Adelaide, Australia
Shruthi Subramanian: The Effects of Cell Demographics on ADDL Binding and Toxicity
Advisor: William Klein, Gina Boylan, Anil Wadhwani and Pascale Lacor; Northwestern University
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist;IJAS State competition gold award
Michelle Suh: The Comparison of the Different Radiotherapy Neutron Sources in Various Facilities for the
Optimal Result in Neutron Therapy
Advisor: Thomas Kroc; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist; IJAS Region V American Nuclear Society
Award; IJAS Region V US Navy Award; IJAS State competition silver award, Chicago Section of the
American Nuclear Society - Superior Achievement in Science and Technology
Divya Tankasala: Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates from
Newborn Infants
Advisor: Bill Kabat; Children's Memorial Research Center
Illinois Junior Academy of Sciences Project Exposition Finalist; IJAS State Competition: gold award, Best
in Category Microbiology, South Central Association for Clinical Microbiology - Outstanding
Achievement in Clinical Microbiology
Sumana Vardhan: Biology of Bone Development in Leukemia Patients
Advisor: Kimberley Dilley; Northwestern University
Presented at NCSSSMST Student Research Symposium, June 6-9, 2010 in Hoboken, New Jersey
Kenneth Wang: Metal Alkoxide Functionalization in Metal-Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Ambient-
Temperature Hydrogen Storage
Advisor: Rachel Getman; Northwestern University
Published in The Journal of Physical Chemistry C (2011) Vol. 115 No.5, pp 2066–2075 (Rachel B.
Getman, Jacob H. Miller, Kenneth Wang, and Randall Q. Snurr)
162
Paul Yuan: Mapping Verbal Memory Through Electrocorticographic Readings of Subdural Electrodes
Advisor: Vernon L. Towle; University of Chicago
Siemens Competition Regional Semi-Finalist; Presented at the Eighth Annual RITS Super Science Fair,
Nov 1-6, 2010 in Kyoto, Japan; Chicago Region Junior Science and Humanities Symposium Finalist
Johannes Zhou: Discovery of Novel Phytoconstituents for Anticancer from the Aerial Parts of Cimicifuga
fetida
Advisors: Hongjie Zhang and Norman R Farnsworth; University of Illinois at Chicago
Presented at the Eighth Annual RITS Super Science Fair, Nov. 1-6, 2010 in Kyoto, Japan
163
Index
Poster
Number
Page
Number Name Time Room
I01 85 Jorge Acosta 11:15 B-108
G01 80 Yusuf Aktan 10:00 B-108
C01 46 Soham Ali 08:45 B-133
P01 102 Courtney Amegashie 09:35 A-117
P02 103 Courtney Amegashie 10:00 A-117
R01 135 Vidya Anjur 12:55 A-113
T01 151 Michael Atten 09:35 Acad. Pit A-138
C02 46 Lydia Auch 1:20 A-155
Q01 119 Megan Bacani 10:25 A-119
N01 100 Jennifer Bailey 09:35 Lect. Hall B-206
H01 83 Karina Banda 10:00 A-147
T02 151 Sophia Baramidze 1:20 A-149
R02 135 Wesley Beck 09:35 A-149
K01 92 Mitchell Bieniek 09:10 Acad. Pit A-138
P03 104 Wendy Bindeman 10:00 A-115
I02 85 Paul Bogdan 08:45 B-148
K02 93 Ty Bottorff 11:15 D-110
I01 85 Ayun Brown 11:15 B-108
P04 104 Seth Butcher 2:10 A-151
R03 136 Emily Camras 2:10 A-113
C03 47 Yiyun Cao 12:30 A-117
P05 105 Alice Chang 1:20 A-147
P06 105 Ajay Chatrath 10:25 D-103
E01 72 Brian Chen 10:25 A-155
I03 86 Gary Chen 10:00 A-121
K03 93 Christina Cheng 1:20 D-110
F01 77 Brian Chien 10:25 A-113
R04 136 Kathleen Chinetti 2:10 A-155
Q02 120 Ashley Chong 09:10 Lect. Hall B-206
P07 106 Kevin Chong 1:20 A-115
I04 86 Sanggyu (Raymond) Chong 2:10 A-117
E02 72 Sanggyu (Raymond) Chong 1:45 A-117
Q03 120 Zi-Ning Choo 10:00 Acad. Pit A-138
Q04 121 Zi-Ning Choo 10:50 Acad. Pit A-138
S01 145 Wei-en Chu 08:45 Kids Inst. E-115
T03 152 Sharadyn Ciota 1:20 A-133
C04 47 Francis Cocjin 10:25 B-148
N01 100 Katia Colin 09:35 Lect. Hall B-206
164
J01 92 Brianna Collender 11:15 A-151
H02 83 Morgan Ashley Craft 09:35 Kids Inst. E-115
P08 106 Breanna Dachsteiner 09:10 D-103
H03 84 Margaret Daly 09:10 A-155
C05 48 Shelby Daniel-Wayman 12:55 B-133
C02 46 Christine Darabaris 1:20 A-155
P09 107 Sonya Dave 12:30 A-147
C06 49 Sonya Dave 1:45 Acad. Pit A-138
R05 137 Jasmine Davila 1:20 D-107
G02 81 Henry Deng 11:15 A-133
K04 94 Grace DiCecco 09:10 B-110
Q05 121 Mary Do 10:50 A-119
Q06 122 Mary Do 11:15 A-119
K05 94 Logan Dodd 10:00 D-107
C08 51 Sruthi Doniparthi 08:45 A-115
C07 50 Sruthi Doniparthi 09:10 A-115
F02 77 Mosab Elagha 1:45 A-147
K02 93 Kenzo Esquivel 11:15 D-110
S02 145 Victoria Etherton 1:20 Lect. Hall B-206
T04 152 Richard Fafara 12:55 A-115
E03 73 Yan-Yang Feng 2:10 Kids Inst. E-115
H04 84 Lucija Filipac 08:45 Acad. Pit A-138
K06 95 Christian Fitzsimmons 11:15 A-149
F03 78 Joshua Fornek 09:35 D-103
C09 52 Nicholas Fung 09:35 A-115
H01 83 Joscelyn Garcia 10:00 A-147
R06 137 Arjun Garg 12:55 A-155
Q07 123 Dominic Gentile 10:00 Lect. Hall B-206
S03 146 Mallory Giger 10:00 A-151
R05 137 Quinn Gingerevans 1:20 D-107
C10 52 Beatrice Go 09:35 A-151
M01 98 Luis Gomez 2:10 D-107
O01 101 Austin Gonzalez 10:00 A-135
R07 138 Ethan Gordon 10:25 A-131
L01 97 Carol Gu 2:10 D-110
P10 108 Annie Guo 2:10 B-108
B01 41 Eaton Guo 1:20 A-151
C11 53 Ashima Gupta 09:35 B-108
Q08 124 Brinda Gupta 09:10 B-133
G03 81 Saarthak Gupta 10:25 A-135
T05 153 Inga Gurevich 10:25 D-110
165
C12 53 Katherine Havighorst 1:45 B-108
S04 146 Riley Helm 09:10 D-107
P11 108 Rachel Hermes 09:10 A-151
U01 157 Jose Hernandez 2:10 B-133
Q09 124 Grant Herrman 11:15 B-148
K05 94 Bryan Hoffman 10:00 D-107
P12 109 Rae Hohle 1:45 A-133
Q10 125 Kevin Hong 11:15 Kids Inst. E-115
S05 147 Corey Hornbeck 2:10 A-115
C13 54 Dorcas Huang 1:45 A-149
C14 54 Jennifer Huang 10:25 A-117
C15 55 Jimmy Huang 10:50 A-131
R08 138 Jimmy Huang 11:15 A-131
C16 56 Seneca Hutson 12:55 D-103
R10 139 Aadam Ibrahim 1:20 D-103
R09 139 Aadam Ibrahim 2:10 A-135
A01 38 Osazomon Imarenezor 12:55 A-135
S06 147 Taylor Imburgia 1:45 Kids Inst. E-115
P13 109 Eun Ji Jeong 08:45 A-151
N02 100 Mindy Jian 08:45 A-155
G04 82 Irene Jiang 09:35 D-110
C17 56 Tejas Joshi 10:00 B-148
K03 93 Harsha Jujjavarapu 1:20 D-110
T06 153 Gina Jung 10:00 Kids Inst. E-115
I05 87 Aditya Karan 1:45 A-151
C18 57 Kaylee Karumanchi 10:25 D-107
M02 98 Connor Kasch 1:45 A-115
Q11 125 Lakshmi Katta 10:25 Acad. Pit A-138
G05 82 Samuel Kaufman 1:20 Kids Inst. E-115
B02 41 Nilesh Kavthekar 10:00 A-113
R11 140 Emil Khabiboulline 08:45 A-133
B03 42 Akram Khaja 08:45 A-121
R12 140 Akram Khaja 09:10 A-121
S01 145 Cherish Kim 08:45 Kids Inst. E-115
C19 57 Jiwon Kim 10:50 B-148
Q12 126 Kathryn Kim 12:55 D-110
C14 54 Melissa Kim 10:25 A-117
Q13 127 Sooyeon Kim 09:35 A-155
I06 87 Keith Kimberling 1:45 A-155
C20 58 Hannah Koo 10:25 A-149
C12 53 Brooke Kottkamp 1:45 B-108
166
B04 42 Krishna Kudaravalli 10:25 A-121
C21 58 Dipen Kumar 1:20 B-133
E04 73 Nishita Kumar 12:55 D-107
Q07 123 Previn Kumar 10:00 Lect. Hall B-206
C22 59 Vignessh Kumar 1:45 D-103
P14 110 Vignessh Kumar 2:10 D-103
I07 88 Benjamin Kuo 11:15 D-103
C23 59 Shannon Kurian 1:20 A-117
E05 74 Joshua Lam 2:10 B-148
K07 95 Clare Leahy 12:55 Lect. Hall B-206
M03 99 Mia Leckie 1:45 D-107
A02 38 Jenny Lee 10:50 A-133
B05 43 John Lee 09:10 A-133
K02 93 Olivia Legan 11:15 D-110
E06 74 Grace Li 1:45 B-148
E07 75 Jingfei Li 08:45 D-107
R13 141 Jingfei Li 10:25 B-110
E03 73 Mingyang (Jennifer) Li 2:10 Kids Inst. E-115
P15 111 Shelly Li 08:45 A-117
Q03 120 Ted Li 10:00 Acad. Pit A-138
Q04 121 Ted Li 10:50 Acad. Pit A-138
P16 111 Xiaoyu Li 1:45 A-113
B06 43 Claire Liang 12:55 B-148
F04 78 Jason Lin 09:35 A-135
R14 141 Emily Lindgren 08:45 A-131
C24 60 Sarah Lisk 08:45 D-110
C25 60 Christine Liu 08:45 B-110
T07 154 Itzel Lopez 12:55 A-119
E06 74 Lily Lou 1:45 B-148
R15 142 Joshua Love 10:25 B-108
R16 142 Peter Lu 10:50 A-135
O01 101 Erik Luo 10:00 A-135
S01 145 Alexandra Maffei 08:45 Kids Inst. E-115
C16 56 Amanda Magyar 12:55 D-103
Q14 128 Rahul Maheshwari 1:45 Lect. Hall B-206
Q15 129 Rahul Maheshwari 2:10 Lect. Hall B-206
C04 47 Egle Malinauskaite 10:25 B-148
A03 39 Nolan Maloney 1:20 A-119
C26 61 Sirisha Manam 10:25 A-115
C27 61 Anuj Marathe 08:45 A-147
Q14 128 Sarah Martin 1:45 Lect. Hall B-206
167
Q15 129 Sarah Martin 2:10 Lect. Hall B-206
P17 112 Daniel Matthews 10:50 A-155
T08 154 John McGuire 10:50 Kids Inst. E-115
C28 62 Aalap Mehta 09:35 B-133
C29 62 Aalap Mehta 10:00 B-133
S07 148 Eva Meyer 10:50 Lect. Hall B-206
P07 106 Jackson Michuda 1:20 A-115
K08 96 Ashwin Mitra 1:45 D-110
A04 40 Madhav Mohandas 09:35 B-110
P18 112 Tahir Mohideen 10:00 A-133
A05 40 Kyle Mou 09:35 D-107
I08 88 Byron Mui 1:45 A-119
R17 143 Kirti Munjeti 2:10 A-119
C30 63 Vamsikrishna Naidu 10:50 D-110
R18 143 Laura Napierkowski 09:10 A-131
T09 155 Perry Nelson 09:10 A-149
R19 144 Deokgeun Park 10:50 A-117
K09 96 Hyun Bin Park 1:45 A-135
Q16 130 Bindi Patel 10:50 A-151
Q01 119 Dhruv Patel 10:25 A-119
C23 59 Monica Patel 1:20 A-117
Q17 130 Shivani Patel 09:10 A-147
P19 113 Viveka Patel 12:30 B-108
H03 84 Sandy Perez 09:10 A-155
M03 99 Agnel Philip 1:45 D-107
I09 89 Zoe Phillips 09:35 A-121
C31 63 Areen Pitaktong 11:15 Acad. Pit A-138
Q04 121 Areen Pitaktong 10:50 Acad. Pit A-138
B04 42 Ajay Pius 10:25 A-121
Q18 131 Tonu Pius 10:00 A-119
E08 75 Ashley Radee 11:15 D-107
T07 154 Uriel Ramirez 12:55 A-119
P20 114 Saieesh Rao 12:55 A-121
P21 114 Brooke Ray 1:20 A-121
Q19 131 Abhinav Reddy 12:30 Kids Inst. E-115
P22 115 Mahendra Reddy 1:45 B-133
B07 44 Nishith Reddy 10:50 B-133
C32 64 Nishith Reddy 11:15 B-133
S08 148 Jennifer Ren 11:15 Lect. Hall B-206
C33 64 Sabrina Roberts 1:45 A-121
H01 83 Mariela Rodriguez 10:00 A-147
168
T05 153 Alexandra Roman 10:25 D-110
S09 149 Natalie Runkle 08:45 D-103
R20 144 Savanna Rutas 09:35 A-113
I10 89 Amir Safavi 11:15 A-155
C34 65 Sarah Salameh 08:45 A-149
Q13 127 Sidra Salman 09:35 A-155
K01 92 Christopher Sartain 09:10 Acad. Pit A-138
I08 88 Justin Sass 1:45 A-119
T06 153 Madison Schroeder 10:00 Kids Inst. E-115
I11 90 Robert Schurz 12:30 A-131
Q20 132 Carrie Sha 09:35 A-133
Q06 122 Joan Shang 11:15 A-119
E09 76 Richard Shen 1:20 B-108
C34 65 Urmi Sheth 08:45 A-149
C35 65 Navika Shukla 1:20 A-113
P23 115 Ross Skelly 09:10 B-108
Q11 125 Maura Slattery 10:25 Acad. Pit A-138
T10 155 Maura Slattery 09:35 A-147
Q21 132 Kalyani Sonarikar 08:45 A-135
I12 90 Hyun Jin Song 09:10 A-119
P24 116 Nicholas Srivastava 1:20 A-131
I13 91 Kyle Stanevich 12:55 Kids Inst. E-115
T04 152 Alexander Stratton 12:55 A-115
J01 92 Karolyn Stromdahl 11:15 A-151
Q22 133 Shruthi Subramanian 12:30 A-151
B08 44 Nathan Suek 09:35 A-131
E02 72 Michelle Suh 1:45 A-117
C36 66 Steven Suh 09:35 B-148
Q23 133 Amanda Sul 12:30 Lect. Hall B-206
T10 155 Hannah Swerbenski 09:35 A-147
C06 49 Andrew Ta 1:45 Acad. Pit A-138
C37 66 Tai 10:50 A-113
C43 69 Shannon Tai 11:15 A-113
P25 116 Adekore Taiwo 10:25 Lect. Hall B-206
C38 67 Arjun Tambe 1:20 A-135
C39 67 Lee Tang 10:00 B-110
G05 82 Matthew Tennenhouse 1:20 Kids Inst. E-115
C06 49 Aaditya Tolappa 1:45 Acad. Pit A-138
S10 149 Sydney Tomasko 09:10 Kids Inst. E-115
C40 68 Riva Trivedi 1:45 A-131
B09 45 Matthew Tsao 11:15 A-135
169
S11 150 Jessica Ventenilla 10:25 Kids Inst. E-115
P26 117 Rohan Verma 2:10 A-131
P27 118 Rheanna Vimawala 2:10 A-133
H04 84 Sonam Vyas 08:45 Acad. Pit A-138
M04 99 Caitlin Walczyk 09:10 D-110
K01 92 Samuel Walder 09:10 Acad. Pit A-138
Q23 133 Connie Wang 12:30 Lect. Hall B-206
O02 101 David Wang 12:55 A-133
P05 105 Jiachen Wang 1:20 A-147
E10 76 Yuanhao Wang 10:50 D-103
L02 97 Henry Ward 09:10 A-113
P12 109 Aditi Warhekar 1:45 A-133
N02 100 Heidi Warning 08:45 A-155
H02 83 Ashley Washington 09:35 Kids Inst. E-115
C41 68 Malia Wenny 10:00 A-149
C42 69 Andrew Wentzel 10:25 A-147
F05 79 Andrew Wentzel 2:10 Acad. Pit A-138
B10 45 Nathaniel White 11:15 A-121
T11 156 Ian Wilkinson 10:50 A-147
B10 45 Brent Wu 11:15 A-121
Q24 134 Rebecca Wu 10:50 A-149
I14 91 Summer Wu 11:15 A-117
C43 69 Shohei Yamakawa 11:15 A-113
F06 79 Matthew Yang 2:10 A-147
C44 70 Karthik Yarlagadda 10:50 B-108
C43 69 Satya Yerrabolu 11:15 A-113
D01 71 Evan Yin 08:45 Lect. Hall B-206
C45 70 Kelly Yom 2:10 A-121
T12 156 Stanley Yuan 10:50 A-115
I12 90 Jennifer Zhang 09:10 A-119
S12 150 Kevin Zhang 2:10 A-149
Q25 134 Vivian Zhang 1:20 Acad. Pit A-138
P28 118 Yifu Zhang 08:45 A-119
C46 71 Jeffrey Zhao 1:20 B-148
P17 117 Douglas Zhu 10:50 A-155
K07 95 Elaina Zintl 12:55 Lect. Hall B-206
F02 77 Ivan Zlatanov 1:45 A-147